ISO 10406-2:2008

FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 10406-2
ISO/TC 71/SC 6
Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP)
Secretariat: JISC
reinforcement of concrete — Test
Voting begins on:
methods —
2008-09-01
Part 2:
Voting terminates on:
2008-11-01
FRP sheets
Polymère renforcé par des fibres (PRF) pour l'armature du béton —
Méthodes d'essai —
Partie 2: Feuilles en PRF
Please see the administrative notes on page iii

RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
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OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPORT-
ING DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/FDIS 10406-2:2008(E)
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN-
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
©
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. ISO 2008

ISO/FDIS 10406-2:2008(E)
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ii © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

ISO/FDIS 10406-2:2008(E)
In accordance with the provisions of Council Resolution 15/1993, this document is circulated in the
English language only.
ISO/FDIS 10406-2:2008(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. vi
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Definitions and symbols. 1
3.1 Definitions. 1
3.2 Symbols . 4
4 General provision concerning test pieces . 5
5 Test method for determining tensile properties . 5
5.1 Test pieces. 5
5.2 Testing machine and measuring devices.9
5.3 Test method. 9
5.4 Calculation and expression of test results. 10
5.5 Test report. 11
6 Test method for overlap splice strength . 12
6.1 Test pieces. 12
6.2 Testing machine. 14
6.3 Test method. 14
6.4 Calculation and expression of test results. 14
6.5 Test report. 15
7 Test method for determining bond properties of fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets to
concrete . 16
7.1 Test pieces. 16
7.2 Testing machine and measuring devices. 20
7.3 Test method. 20
7.4 Calculation and expression of test results. 21
7.5 Test report. 22
8 Test method for direct pull-off strength of FRP sheets with concrete. 23
8.1 Test pieces. 23
8.2 Testing machine and measuring devices. 24
8.3 Test method. 24
8.4 Calculation and expression of test results. 25
8.5 Test report. 25
9 Test method for freeze/thaw resistance . 26
9.1 Test pieces. 26
9.2 Testing machine and measuring devices. 26
9.3 Test method. 27
9.4 Calculation and expression of test results. 27
9.5 Test report. 28
10 Test method for exposure to laboratory light sources . 29
10.1 Test pieces. 29
10.2 Testing machine and measuring devices. 29
10.3 Test method. 30
10.4 Calculation and expression of test results. 30
10.5 Test report. 31
11 Test method for durability. 32
11.1 Types of test methods for durability. 32
11.2 Test piece. 32
iv © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

ISO/FDIS 10406-2:2008(E)
11.3 Test method. 32
11.4 Calculation and expression of test results .34
11.5 Test report . 34

ISO/FDIS 10406-2:2008(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 10406-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 71, Concrete, reinforced concrete and pre-
stressed concrete, Subcommittee SC 6, Non-traditional reinforcing materials for concrete structures.
ISO 10406 consists of the following parts, under the general title Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP)
reinforcement of concrete — Test methods:
⎯ Part 1: FRP bars and grids
⎯ Part 2: FRP sheets
vi © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 10406-2:2008(E)

Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement of concrete —
Test methods —
Part 2:
FRP sheets
1 Scope
This part of ISO 10406 specifies test methods applicable to fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets for the
upgrading of concrete members.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 31-0:1992, Quantities and units — Part 0: General principles
ISO 291:2008, Plastics — Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
ISO 4892 (all parts), Plastics — Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources
ISO 5725 (all parts), Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results
ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials — Verification of static uniaxial testing machines — Part 1: Tension/
compression testing machines — Verification and calibration of the force-measuring system
JIS A 1435, Test methods for frost resistance of exterior wall materials of buildings (Freezing and thawing
method)
JIS A 9511, Preformed cellular plastics thermal insulation materials
3 Definitions and symbols
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1.1
accelerated artificial-exposure testing machine
machine that creates reproducible standard test conditions to accelerate weathering artificially
ISO/FDIS 10406-2:2008(E)
3.1.2
ambient temperature
environmental conditions corresponding to the usual atmospheric conditions in laboratories with uncontrolled
temperature and humidity
3.1.3
anchorage block
block corresponding to the test block to prevent bond failure of the FRP sheet
NOTE Additional FRP sheet circumferentially jackets the block with sheets being tested to provide higher bond
strength (in this block).
3.1.4
anchoring portion
end parts of a test piece fitted with anchoring devices to transmit loads from the testing machine to the test
portion
3.1.5
bond strength
strength calculated by dividing the maximum load by the effective bond area
3.1.6
concrete block
rectangular block of concrete used to study the bond properties of FRP sheets to concrete
NOTE Steel reinforcement or steel bars are embedded in the axial direction at the centre of the cross-sectional area
of the concrete block in order to transmit tensile strength. Concrete blocks are made up of a test block and an anchorage
block.
3.1.7
conditioning
storage of test pieces at a prescribed temperature and humidity to keep them under identical conditions before
testing
3.1.8
coupon test piece
test piece selected from the same lot that is unexposed and subjected to the tensile strength and overlap
splice strength tests
3.1.9
effective bond area
area estimated using the effective bond length and the bond width of the FRP sheet
3.1.10
effective bond length
length of the portion in which the bond stress between the FRP sheet and the concrete acts effectively at
maximum load before the FRP sheet comes loose from the concrete
3.1.11
fibre bundle
several fibre filaments bound together to form a bundle
3.1.12
fibre mass per unit area
mass of fibre in the direction of reinforcement in the FRP sheets before impregnation with resin
NOTE Expressed as mass per square metre of the FRP sheet.
2 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

ISO/FDIS 10406-2:2008(E)
3.1.13
interfacial fracture energy
amount of energy per unit bond area necessary to produce interfacial fracture
3.1.14
overlap splice strength retention rate
ratio of the overlap splice strength after accelerated artificial exposure or freezing/thawing compared with the
overlap splice strength before accelerated artificial exposure or freezing/thawing
NOTE The overlap splice strength retention is rate expressed as a percentage.
3.1.15
plate
FRP sheet impregnated with resin from which the test pieces are cut
3.1.16
pull-out strength
strength calculated by dividing the maximum load by the cross-sectional area of the bond surface of the steel
device
3.1.17
steel device
mechanism made of steel connected to a loading machine to apply tensile force
NOTE Adhesive is used to mount the device to the FRP sheet attached to the concrete surface. The shape of the
bond surface is either square or circular.
3.1.18
tab
plate made of fibre-reinforced polymer, aluminium or any other suitable material bonded to the test piece to
transmit loads from the testing machine to the test portion
3.1.19
tensile capacity
maximum tensile load which the test piece bears during the tensile test
3.1.20
tensile strength retention rate
ratio of the tensile strength after accelerated artificial exposure or freezing/thawing compared with the tensile
strength before accelerated artificial exposure or freezing/thawing
NOTE The tensile strength retention rate is expressed as a percentage.
3.1.21
test block
block used to study the bond properties of FRP sheets
3.1.22
test portion
part of a test piece that is in between the anchoring portions and is subjected to testing
3.1.23
ultimate strain
strain corresponding to the tensile capacity
3.1.24
weathering
physical and chemical changes of material properties due to exposure to sunlight, rain, snow and other
outdoor natural conditions
ISO/FDIS 10406-2:2008(E)
3.2 Symbols
See Table 1.
Table 1 — Symbols
Symbol Unit Description Reference
A mm Nominal cross-sectional area (general) 5.4
A mm Nominal cross-sectional area of type A test piece 5.4, 6.4
A
A mm Nominal cross-sectional area of type B test piece 5.4, 6.4
B
A mm Area of steel device 8.4
s
b mm Average width of FRP sheet 7.4
av
b mm Minimum width of test piece 5.4, 6.4
t,min
E N/mm Young's modulus 5.4, 7.4
f
f N/mm Bond strength 8.4
au
f N/mm Tensile strength 5.4
fu
Average value for tensile strength before treating, e.g. freezing and
f N/mm 9.4, 10.4
fu0
thawing or accelerated artificial exposure
Average value for tensile strength after treating, e.g. freezing and
f N/mm 9.4, 10.4
fu1
thawing or accelerated artificial exposure
f N/mm Overlap splice strength 6.4
fus
Average value for overlap splice strength before treating, e.g. freezing 9.4, 10.4
f N/mm
fus0
and thawing or accelerated artificial exposure
Average value for overlap splice strength after treating, e.g. freezing 9.4, 10.4
f N/mm
fus1
and thawing or accelerated artificial exposure
F N Maximum load 8.4
au
The load included in the last simultaneously recorded pair of values of
F 5.4.5
last
the load and the strain when determining the ultimate strain
F N Tensile capacity 5.4, 6.4
u
G N/mm Interfacial fracture energy 7.4
f
L Anchoring portion length 5.1.1
A1
L Anchorage thickness 5.1.1
A2
L Anchorage length 5.1.1
A3
L Width at both ends 5.1.1
end
L Gauge length 5.1.1
ga
L Thickness 5.1.1
th
L Total length 5.1.1
tot
l mm Effective bond length in test portion of FRP sheet 7.4
N — Number of fibre bundles in test piece 5.4
t
n — Number of plies of the FRP sheet 7.4
n strands/mm Number of fibre bundles per unit area of the FRP sheet 5.4
u
P
N Maximum load 7.4
max
R
% Overlap splice strength retention 9.4
ets
R % Tensile strength retention 9.4
ett
4 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

ISO/FDIS 10406-2:2008(E)
Table 1— Symbols (continued)
Symbol Unit Description Reference
t mm Thickness of FRP sheet, equal to n·ρ /ρ 7.4
S sh
Difference between loads at two points at 20 % and 60 % of tensile
∆F N 5.4
capacity
ρ g/mm Surface density of the fibre of the FRP sheet 5.4, 6.4, 7.4
S
ρ g/mm Density of FRP sheet 5.4, 6.4, 7.4
sh
The strain included in the last simultaneously recorded pair of values
ε 5.4.5
last
of the load and the strain when determining the ultimate strain
ε — Ultimate strain 5.4.5
fu
∆ε — Difference in strain between the two points used to calculate ∆F 5.4
τ N/mm Bond strength 7.4
u
4 General provision concerning test pieces
Unless otherwise agreed, test pieces shall be taken from the bar or grid in the “as-delivered” condition.
In cases where test pieces are taken from a coil, they shall be straightened prior to any test by a simple
bending operation with a minimum amount of plastic deformation.
For the determination of the mechanical properties in the tensile, bond and anchorage tests, the test piece
may be artificially aged (after straightening, if applicable) depending on the performance requirements of the
product.
When a test piece is “aged”, the conditions of the ageing treatment shall be stated in the test report.
5 Test method for determining tensile properties
5.1 Test pieces
5.1.1 Types and dimensions
Two types of test pieces may be used (see Figure 1 and Table 1):
a) Type A test pieces: Prepare type A test pieces in accordance with the method described 5.1.2.1 and
use them for the general tension test. The shape and the dimensions of type A test
pieces are given in Figure 1 and Table 1, respectively.
b) Type B test pieces: Prepare type B test pieces in accordance with the method described in 5.1.2.2.
These test pieces are suitable for FRP sheets in which the fibre bundles consist of
a number of filaments that can be easily separated into individual bundles.
ISO/FDIS 10406-2:2008(E)
L
tot
L
ga
L L
A1 A1
L L
A3 A3
See Table 2 for definitions of symbols and dimensions.
Figure 1 — Shape of type A and type B test pieces
Table 2 — Dimensions of test pieces
Dimensions in millimetres
Symbol Dimension for the types of test piece
Type A Type B
L total length W 200
tot
L width at both ends 12,5 ± 0,5 10 to 15
end
L thickness Recommended not to exceed 2,5
th
L gauge length W 100
ga
L anchoring portion length W 35
A1
L anchorage thickness 1 to 2
A2
L anchorage length W 50
A3
When the peeling-off at tabs and the pull-out in the chuck do not occur, the thickness of the test piece
can exceed 2,5 mm. When the thickness of the test piece is less than 2,5 mm and fracture at anchoring
section occurs, the specification of the anchoring section should be reconsidered.

5.1.2 Preparation
5.1.2.1 Type A test pieces
Type A test pieces shall be prepared using the following method.
a) Prepare an FRP sheet cut to a sufficient length for the test piece.
b) Apply the bottom coat of impregnation resin to the separation film and attach the aforementioned sheet,
fastening it so that the fibre axis of the sheet is in a straight line.
c) Apply the top coat of impregnation resin. Then smooth the surface, so that the thickness of the
impregnation resin layer is even, to form a plate. Covering with separation film and smoothing would be
best.
d) Cure the plate for the prescribed duration, then cut in widths of 12,5 mm as shown in Figure 2. The cut
length should be at least 200 mm. Use a diamond cutter for cutting.
e) Attach the anchorages to the anchorage portions to form the test pieces.
f) Prior to testing, the test pieces shall be conditioned as prescribed.
6 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

L L
th end
L
A2
ISO/FDIS 10406-2:2008(E)
Dimensions in millimetres
ab
12,5
Key
1 direction of fibre axis
2 section used to prepare test piece: W 200 (area impregnated with resin)
3 test piece portion
4 cut-away portion
5 marking
a, b
Location of the two straight-line marks perpendicular to the fibre axis that define a length of at least 200 mm.
Figure 2 — Dimensions of plate used to prepare type A test pieces
5.1.2.2 Type B test pieces
Type B test pieces shall be prepared using the following method.
a) Prepare an FRP sheet cut to a sufficient length for the test piece. Fasten the sheet so that the fibre axis is
in a straight line.
b) In the centre of the fastened sheet, mark two straight lines (footnotes a and b in Figure 3) perpendicular
to the fibre axis that define a length of at least 200 mm. Mark two other straight lines (footnotes c and d in
Figure 3) approximately 100 mm on either side of the area defined by lines a and b.
c) Working along the fibre axis between lines c and d, remove 1 to 3 fibre bundles from each side of the test
piece sections. The width measures 10 mm to 15 mm. When preparing several test pieces from the same
FRP sheet, the portions to be used as test pieces should be separated by intervals of at least 50 mm in
the direction perpendicular to the fibre axis.
d) Apply the bottom coat of impregnation resin to the separation film and attach the aforementioned sheet
onto the film.
e) Apply the topcoat of impregnation resin. Then smooth the surface, so that the thickness of the
impregnation resin layer is even, to form a plate. Covering with separation film and smoothing would be
best.
f) Cure the plate for the prescribed duration, then cut the fibre bundle portions that are to be the test pieces
at widths of 10 mm to 15 mm. The cut length shall be at least 200 mm.
g) Attach the anchorages to the anchorage portions to form the test pieces.
ISO/FDIS 10406-2:2008(E)
Dimensions in millimetres
100 3 100
cab d
10-15
4 4
Key
1 direction of fibre axis
2 area impregnated with resin: W 400
3 section used to prepare test piece: W 200
4 marking
5 cut-away portion
6 test piece portion
a, b
Location of the two straight-line marks perpendicular to the fibre axis that define a length of at least 200 mm.
c, d
Location of the two straight-line marks at least 100 mm on either side of lines a and b.
Figure 3 — Dimensions of plate used to prepare type B test pieces
Prior to testing, condition the test pieces.
A tracer thread may be added to uncured, wet-laid material to help identify the fibre direction, to somehow
specify how accurately the specimens should be cut from the larger piece of material, specifically with respect
to the fibre direction.
5.1.3 Curing of test pieces
Establish the curing period needed to give the test piece the desired strength and cure the test piece.
The curing period generally takes about one week.
5.1.4 Anchorage portion of test pieces
The anchorage portion of the test piece shall not have a shape that causes the test piece to twist or bend. An
anchorage made of fibre-reinforced polymer or aluminium shall be attached to the anchorage portion using
resin or adhesive at a suitable pressure so that the thickness of the adhesive layer is constant. The adhesive
or resin shall ensure that the adhesive layer does not experience shear fracture before the test piece breaks.
8 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

ISO/FDIS 10406-2:2008(E)
5.1.5 Conditioning of test pieces
The most appropriate condition from ISO 291 shall be selected, unless otherwise agreed upon by the
interested parties. If humidity has a negligible or no influence on the properties being examined, it is not
necessary to control the relative humidity. Similarly, if neither temperature nor humidity has any noticeable
influence on the properties being examined, it is not necessary to control either the temperature or the relative
humidity. In this case, the atmospheric condition is termed “ambient temperature”.
5.1.6 Number of test pieces
Determine the number of test pieces suitable for the objective of the test. It shall be no fewer than five.
5.2 Testing machine and measuring devices
5.2.1 Testing machine
The testing machine shall conform to ISO 7500-1. The testing machine shall have a loading capacity in
excess of the tensile capacity of the test piece and shall be capable of applying loading at the required loading
rate.
5.2.2 Strain gauges/extensometers
Strain gauges/extensometers used to measure the elongation of the test piece under loading should be
capable of recording all variations in the gage length or elongation during testing with a strain measurement
−6
accuracy of at least 10 × 10 . The gauge length of the extensometer shall be not less than 100 mm.
5.3 Test method
5.3.1 Dimensions of test pieces
Measure the width and thickness of the test portion of the test pieces as follows.
a) Test pieces of type A shall be measured to 0,01 mm.
b) Test pieces of type B shall be measured to 0,1 mm.
5.3.2 Mounting of strain gauges/extensometers
Mount the strain gauges/extensometers at the centre of the test portion of the test piece in order to determine
the Young's modulus and the ultimate strain of the test piece.
5.3.3 Mounting of test piece
Mount the test piece in such a way that the long axis of the test piece coincides with the centre line between
the two chucks.
5.3.4 Loading rate
The standard loading rate shall be a constant strain rate equivalent to 1 %/min to 3 %/min strain.
5.3.5 Test temperature
In principle, conduct the test in the same atmosphere used for conditioning the test piece, unless otherwise
agreed upon by the interested partied, e.g. for testing at elevated or low temperatures.
ISO/FDIS 10406-2:2008(E)
5.3.6 Range of test
Perform the loading test until tensile failure and record the measurements of load and strain continuously or at
regular intervals at least up to two thirds of the tensile capacity.
5.4 Calculation and expression of test results
5.4.1 General
Use only results from those pieces that undergo failure in the test portion. Reject the test results from those
pieces that show tensile failure or slippage at the anchorage portion and carry out additional tests using test
pieces from the same lot until the number of test pieces having failed in the test portion is not less than the
prescribed number.
5.4.2 Load-strain curve
When strain gauges/extensometers are mounted, plot a load-strain curve depicting the relationship between
the measured load and strain.
5.4.3 Tensile strength
Calculate the tensile strength, f , expressed in newtons per square millimetre, and rounded off to three
fu
significant digits in accordance with ISO 31-0:1992, Annex B, using Equation (1):
F
u
f = (1)
fu
A
where
F is the tensile capacity, expressed in newtons;
u
A is the nominal cross-sectional area of the test piece, expressed in square millimetres.
Calculate the cross-sectional area, A , expressed in square millimetres, of the type A test piece using
A
Equation (2) and the cross-sectional area, A , expressed in square millimetres, of the type B test piece using
B
Equation (3):
ρ
S
Ab=⋅ (2)
A t,min
ρ
sh
ρ N
St
A=⋅ (3)
B
ρ n
sh u
where
ρ is the surface density of the fibre of the FRP sheet, expressed in grams per square millimetre;
S
NOTE 1 The nominal surface density of the fibre provided by the material manufacturer can be used.
ρ is the density of FRP sheet, expressed in grams per cubic millimetre;
sh
NOTE 2 The density provided by the material manufacturer can be used.
b is the minimum width of the test piece, expressed in millimetres;
t,min
N is the number of fibre bundles in the test piece;
t
n is the number of fibre bundles per unit area of the FRP sheet, expressed in strands per millimetre.
u
10 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

ISO/FDIS 10406-2:2008(E)
5.4.4 Young's modulus
Calculate the Young's modulus, E, using Equation (4) based on the load-strain curve at 20 % and 60 %
f
tensile capacity and rounded off to three significant digits in accordance with ISO 5725 (all parts).
∆F
E = (4)
f
∆⋅ε A
where
∆F is the difference between loads at two points at 20 % and 60 % tensile capacity, expressed in
newtons;
∆ε is the difference in strain between the two points above;
A is the nominal cross-sectional area, expressed in square millimetres, calculated as A , using
A
Equation (2), for a type A test piece and as A , using Equation (3), for a type B test piece.
B
5.4.5 Ultimate strain
In cases where strain-gauge measurements of the test piece are available up to the point of failure, take the
ultimate strain, ε , as the strain corresponding to the tensile capacity, F . In cases where the measurements
fu u
are not be made up to the point of failure, calculate the ultimate strain, ε , using Equation (5), based on the
fu
tensile capacity, F , and the last simultaneously recorded values of the load, F , and strain, ε :
u last last
F
u
εε=⋅ (5)
fu last
F
last
Round off the results to three significant digits in accordance with ISO 5725 (all parts).
5.5 Test report
The test report shall include the following items:
a) name of FRP sheet, date of manufacture, lot number of production run and name of manufacturer;
b) type of FRP sheet and impregnation resin;
c) surface density of the fibre and density of the FRP sheet;
d) fabrication date, fabrication method and curing duration for test pieces;
e) temperature, humidity and duration of test piece conditioning;
f) test date, test temperature and loading rate;
g) shape and dimensions of each test piece and calculated cross-sectional area;
h) tensile capacity of each test piece and average and, if required, the standard deviation for these values;
i) tensile strength of each test piece and average and, if required, the standard deviation for these values;
j) Young's modulus of each test piece and average and, if required, the standard deviation for these values;
k) ultimate strain of each test piece and average and, if required, the standard deviation for these values;
l) load-strain curve for each test piece.
ISO/FDIS 10406-2:2008(E)
6 Test method for overlap splice strength
6.1 Test pieces
6.1.1 Dimensions
The shape and the dimensions of the overlap splice test piece are shown in Figure 4 and Table 3, respectively.
The method of preparing test pieces is described in 6.1.2.
L
tot
L
ga
L
L SPI L
A1 A1
L L
A3 A3
See Table 3 for definitions of symbols and dimensions.
Figure 4 — Shape of test pieces

Table 3 — Dimensions of test pieces
Dimensions in millimetres
Symbol Dimension
L total length Length of splice plus a minimum of 200
tot
L width at both ends 12,5 ± 2,5
end
L thickness Recommended not to exceed 2,5
th
L gauge length Length of splice plus a minimum of 100
ga
L anchoring portion length W 35
A1
L anchorage thickness 1 to 2
A2
L anchorage length W 50
A3
L length of splice portion Necessary length
spl
When the peeling-off at tabs and the pull-out in the chuck do not occur, the thickness of the test piece
can exceed 2,5 mm. When the thickness of the test piece is less than 2,5 mm and fracture at anchoring
section occurs, the specification of the anchoring section should be reconsidered.

6.1.2 Preparation
As a rule, prepare test pieces using the same materials as those in the actual work and under constant
temperature conditions as follows, taking sufficient care to ensure that the fibres are not dispersed or bent in
the overlap splice portion.
a) Prepare an FRP sheet cut to a sufficient length for the dimensions of the test piece to be fabricated.
b) Apply the bottom coat of impregnation resin to the separation film and attach the sheet mentioned in
6.1.2 a), fastening it so that that the fibre axis of the sheet is in a straight line.
c) Overlap two sheets so that the prescribed length of the overlap splice portion is secured.
12 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

L
L
end
th
L
A2
ISO/FDIS 10406-2:2008(E)
d) Apply the top coat of impregnation resin. Smooth the surface. The thickness of the impregnation resin
layer should be even to form a plate. Covering with separation film is best.
e) Cure the plate for the prescribed period of time, then cut in widths of 12,5 mm as shown in Figure 5. The
cut length should be at least 200 mm. Use a diamond cutter.
f) Attach the anchorage to the anchorage portion to form the test piece.
g) Before performing the test, condition the test piece as prescribed.
Dimensions in millimetres
a b
12,5
Key
1 direction of fibre axis
2 section used to prepare test piece: W 200 (area impregnated with resin)
3 test piece portion
4 cut-away portion
5 marking
6 overlap splice section
a, b
Location of the two straight-line marks perpendicular to the fibre axis that define a length of at least 200 mm.
Figure 5 — Dimensions of plate used to make type A test pieces
6.1.3 Curing of test pieces
Establish the curing period for the test piece to have the desired strength and cure the test piece.
6.1.4 Anchorage portion of test pieces
The anchorage portion of the test piece shall not have a shape that causes the test piece to twist or bend.
Attach an anchorage made of fibre-reinforced plastic or aluminium to the anchorage portion using resin or
adhesive at a suitable pressure so that the thickness of the adhesive layer is constant. Ensure that the
adhesive or resin in the adhesive layer does not experience shear fracture before the test piece breaks.
6.1.5 Conditioning of test pieces
Select the most appropriate condition from ISO 291, unless otherwise agreed upon by the interested parties. If
humidity has a negligible or no influence on the properties being examined, it is not necessary to control the
relative humidity. Similarly, if neither temperature nor humidity has any noticeable influence on the properties
being examined, it is not necessary to control either the temperature or the relative humidity. In this case, the
atmospheric condition is termed “ambient temperature.”
ISO/FDIS 10406-2:2008(E)
6.1.6 Number of test pieces
Determine the number of test pieces suitable for the objective of the test. It shall be no fewer than five.
6.2 Testing machine
The testing machine shall conform to ISO 7500-1. The testing machine shall have a loading capacity in
excess of the tensile capacity of the test piece and shall be capable of applying loading at the required loading
rate.
6.3 Test method
6.3.1 Dimensions of test pieces
Measure the width and thickness of the test portion of the test pieces to 0,01 mm at four locations outside than
the overlap splice portion and two locations within the overlap splice portion.
6.3.2 Mounting the test piece
Mount the test piece so that the long axis of the test piece coincides with the centre line between the two
chucks.
6.3.3 Loading rate
The standard loading rate shall be a fixed strain rate equivalent to 1 %/min to 3 %/min strain.
6.3.4 Test temperature
In principle, conduct the test in the same atmosphere used for conditioning the test piece, unless otherwise
agreed upon by the interested partied, e.g. for testing at elevated or low temperatures.
6.3.5 Range of test
Perform the loading test to the point of tensile failure, and measure and record the load continuously or at
regular intervals until the tensile capacity is reached.
6.4 Calculation and expression of test results
6.4.1 General
Assess the test data only on the basis of the test pieces undergoing failure in the test portion. In cases where
tensile failure or slippage has clearly taken place at the anchorage portion, disregard the data and perform
additional tests using test pieces from the same lot until the number of test pieces failing in the test portion is
not less than the prescribed number.
6.4.2 Failure categories
Table 4 shows the types of overlap-splice failure. Shear fracture of the impregnation resin within the overlap
splice portion is called “overlap splice failure.” Failure of the FRP sheet in parts of the test portion other than
the overlap splice portion is called “base material failure.”
14 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

ISO/FDIS 10406-2:2008(E)
Table 4 — Categories of overlap-splice failure
Code Type of failure
JF Overlap splice failure
SF Base material failure
6.4.3 Overlap-splice strength
Calculate the overlap-splice strength, f , expressed in newtons per square millimetre and rounded off to
fus
three significant digits, using Equation (6) in accordance with ISO 31-0:1992, Annex B:
F
u
f = (6)
fus
A
where
F is the tensile capacity, expressed in newtons;
u
A is the nominal cross-sectional area, expressed in square millimetres, calculated as A , using
A
Equation (2), for a type A test piece and as A , using Equation (3), for a type B test piece.
B
Calculate the cross-sectional area, A, of the test piece using Equation (7):
ρ
S
Ab=⋅ (7)
t,min
ρ
sh
where
ρ is the surface density of the fibre of the FRP sheet, expressed in grams per square millimetre;
S
ρ is the density of continuous fibre sheet, expressed in grams per cubic millimetre;
sh
b is the minimum width of test portion of the test piece, expressed in millimetres.
t,min
6.5 Test report
The test report shall include the following items:
a) name of FRP sheet, date of manufacture, lot number of production run and name of manufacturer;
b) type of FRP sheet and impregnation resin;
c) surface density of the fibre and density of FRP sheet;
d) fabrication date, fabrication method and curing period for test pieces;
e) temperature, humidity and duration of test piece conditioning;
f) test date, test temperature and loading rate;
g) shape and dimensions of each test piece and calculated cross-sectional area;
h) length of overlap splice for each test piece;
i) tensile capacity of each test piece and average and, if required, standard deviation for these values;
j) tensile strength of each test piece and average and, if required, standard deviation for these values;
k) failure type for each test piece.
ISO/FDIS 10406-2:2008(E)
7 Test method for determining bond properties of fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP)
sheets to concrete
7.1 Test pieces
7.1.1 Types and dimensions
a) Type A test pieces: Type A test pieces shall consist of two separate concrete blocks manufactured
in accordance with the method described in 7.1.4.2. a). The shape and the
dimensions of a type A test specimen are shown in Figure 6 and Table 5,
respectively.
b) Type B test pieces: Type B test pieces shall consist of a single concrete block manufactured in
accordance with the method described in 7.1.4.2. b). The shape and the
dimensions of a type B test specimen are shown in Figure 7 and Table 6,
respectively.
Dimensions in millimetres
b
≥ 200 ≥ 200
50 100
a
≥ 300 ≥ 300
Key
1 anchoring block
2 tensile load
3 separation-type film
4 test block
5 continuous fibre sheet
6 abutted surface
7 anchoring sheet
a
Beveled.
b
Bonding length.
Figure 6 — Shape of a type A test piece

16 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

ISO/FDIS 10406-2:2008(E)
Table 5 — Dimensions of test pieces
Dimensions in millimetres
Type of test piece
Element
Type A (separate block type) Type B (single block type)
Length of block W 300 W 600
Cross-sectional area of
100 × 100
the block
a
Bond length 200 (not including section cut away from edge)
Distinguishing Test piece consisting of two matching Single concrete block with the block
characteristics concrete blocks with the block length and length and cross-sectional area above
cross-sectional area above and a 20 mm deep notch in the centre
on either side
a
The effective bond length is determined by the number of FRP layers, the layer modulus of elasticity and the type of
impregnation resin. When the effective bonding length exceeds 200 mm, the bond length on the test
...