ISO 5727:2024

International
Standard
ISO 5727
First edition
Accessibility and usability of the
2024-10
built environment — Accessibility
of immovable cultural heritage —
Principles and methodology for
interventions
Accessibilité et usage de l’environnement bâti — Accessibilité
du patrimoine culturel immobilier — Principes et méthodologie
pour les interventions
Reference number
© ISO 2024
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Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principles . 4
4.1 General .4
4.2 Strategic principles .5
4.3 Technical principles .5
4.4 Operational principles .5
5 Methodology . 6
5.1 General .6
5.2 General accessibility objectives .6
5.2.1 General .6
5.2.2 Determination of general objectives .7
5.2.3 Adoption of strategies .7
5.3 Analysis of the cultural object and its setting .7
5.3.1 General .7
5.3.2 Analysis of the heritage values .8
5.3.3 Analysis of accessibility conditions .8
5.3.4 Consolidation of the results of the analyses .9
5.4 Specific accessibility objectives .9
5.5 Proposals for action .9
5.5.1 Drafting of proposals for action.9
5.5.2 Evaluation and selection of proposals for action .10
5.6 Intervention plan .10
Annex A (informative) Accessibility needs .12
Annex B (informative) Considerations for the determination of general accessibility objectives .16
Annex C (informative) Heritage values .18
Annex D (informative) Publicly available accessibility information — Access guide .21
Annex E (informative) Examples of accessibility methodology in practice.23
Bibliography .51

iii
Foreword
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Subcommittee SC 16, Accessibility and usability of the built environment.
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iv
Introduction
This document establishes principles for achieving accessibility and usability of immovable cultural heritage
[1]
in accordance with a universal design approach and sets out a methodology for the application of these
principles.
The objective of accessibility to immovable cultural heritage is particularly relevant in today's society.
Many immovable cultural heritage objects continue to be used in daily life, for example, religious buildings,
transportation buildings, buildings for education and administration, social and medical facilities and
institutions for museum use, events, sport and leisure and much more. Other cultural objects, whose uses
were initially private, are now open to the public, like ancient residential palaces that are now used for
administrative or museum purposes. These cultural objects provide examples where accessibility for people
with disabilities is now required although it was not implemented originally when the objects were built.
The demand for accessibility of immovable cultural heritage has increased with the public's increasing
participatory aspirations and the upward trend for cultural tourism among retired and older persons who
more frequently experience different types of restrictions due to the built environment.
Cultural heritage is a significant part of the collective history and cultural identity to which full participation
and enjoyment of all people should be ensured. Furthermore, in many cases, cultural heritage is part of
[1]
citizens' daily life. According to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities,
accessibility contributes to the full and effective participation of all people in immovable cultural heritage.
This document not only emphasizes the importance of access but also the use of immovable cultural heritage
by persons with the widest range of abilities and characteristics. Through improvement of accessibility of
cultural objects and their settings, the appreciation of immovable cultural heritage by society is enhanced,
highlighting its significance and visibility. At the same time, appreciation of the immovable cultural heritage
leads to more engagement of local communities taking an active role in the conservation of cultural objects,
[2]
according to the Strategic Objectives of the World Heritage Convention .
Actions for improving accessibility to immovable cultural heritage can foster the achievement of these
[3]
specific social goals with the conservation of heritage values. The Venice Charter emphasizes that
the conservation of cultural objects is enhanced by its use. Added to this approach, in 2005, the Faro
[4]
Convention emphasized the social dimension of heritage and its consideration as a right of all people By
means of accessibility measures the usage as well as cultural and functional potential of cultural objects are
improved.
This document has been developed to support the planning of accessibility interventions to cultural heritage
in different scenarios. The principles and the methodology presented in this document are at a strategic
level. Other technical standards concerning accessibility in building and urban planning contain provisions
potentially applicable to the immovable cultural heritage. Requirements and recommendations related to
the design and constructional aspects of an accessible built environment are covered by ISO 21542.
Both the principles and the methodology presented are based on international precedents, studies and
[5]
accessibility interventions to immovable cultural heritage .
Not all scenarios showing functional or cultural obstacles to accessibility can be solved by means of physical
changes to cultural objects alone. Accessibility also requires the implementation of other measures such
as management, maintenance, or service provision. It is important to note that these measures are not the
subject of this document.
v
International Standard ISO 5727:2024(en)
Accessibility and usability of the built environment —
Accessibility of immovable cultural heritage — Principles and
methodology for interventions
1 Scope
This document establishes principles and a methodology for providing accessibility to immovable cultural
heritage through interventions arising from conservation, restoration or specific accessibility needs.
It is applicable to immovable cultural heritage and its setting.
This document is intended to be used by heritage owners and managers (both private or public), curators,
accessibility professionals, conservation and restoration professionals, architects, engineers, designers,
builders and user representatives.
This document does not specify requirements regarding management, maintenance or service provision.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
access concept
outcome of the consolidated analyses to identify the accessibility (3.4) conditions and heritage values (3.24)
of a cultural object (3.10), including the general and specific accessibility objectives (3.14)
Note 1 to entry: The documentation can have the form of a plan, diagram, report, etc.
3.2
access guide
accessibility guide
publicly available document describing the objective accessibility (3.4) characteristics of the cultural object
(3.14), regarding access and provided services, for visitors with disabilities and/or other specific access
requirements
3.3
access study
document that provides a comprehensive analysis of the accessibility (3.4) features and barriers present in
a cultural object (3.14) in order to identify areas where improvements in accessibility are needed to ensure
equal access and use
3.4
accessibility
provision of buildings or parts of buildings for people, regardless of their age, size, ability or disability, to be
able to gain access to them, into them, to use them and exit from them
Note 1 to entry: Accessibility includes ease of independent approach, entry, evacuation and/or use of a building and its
services and facilities, by all of the building's potential users (3.22) with an assurance of individual health, safety and
welfare during the course of those activities.
[SOURCE: ISO 21542:2021, 3.1]
3.5
accessibility chain
chain of accessibility
access chain
set of elements, accessible individually and in combination with each other, that constitute links in a journey
in a specific environment
Note 1 to entry: The accessibility chain reflects the idea that if one link of the chain fails, then, the accessibility (3.4) of
the system fails as a whole.
3.6
accessibility maintenance
scheduled monitoring protocol that includes inspection tasks, control of risks of deterioration and measures to
be taken, if necessary, in order to preserve the achieved accessibility (3.4) conditions of a cultural object (3.10)
3.7
assistive product
product that optimizes a person’s functioning and reduces disability
Note 1 to entry: Assistive products include devices, instruments, equipment, and software.
Note 2 to entry: Assistive products can be specially produced or generally available items.
[SOURCE: ISO 9999:2022, 3.3, modified — The original note 1 to entry has been removed.]
3.8
conservation
measures and actions aimed at safeguarding cultural heritage (3.9) while respecting its significance (3.20)
[SOURCE: EN 15898:2019, 3.3.1, modified — The notes have been removed.]
3.9
cultural heritage
assets passed down from the past, reflecting society's constantly evolving values (3.24), beliefs, knowledge,
and traditions, resulting from interactions between people and places over time
Note 1 to entry: A cultural heritage can be tangible or intangible.
Note 2 to entry: The classification as a cultural heritage is often stated by notification based on international
conventions as part of a World Heritage Site (UNESCO) or according to different national legal requirements.
3.10
cultural object
immovable cultural object
single manifestation of immovable cultural heritage (3.11)
Note 1 to entry: In this document the term “object” is used to address a specific immovable cultural heritage. Other
terms like “asset” are used as well.
[SOURCE: EN 15898:2019, 3.1.3; modified — “cultural” has been added to the term “object”; the admitted
term has been added; and the definition has been adapted to immovable cultural heritage.]

3.11
immovable cultural heritage
material expression of cultural heritage (3.9) that is built
Note 1 to entry: For the purpose of this document, immovable cultural heritage consists of monuments, buildings,
groups of buildings and sites.
Note 2 to entry: The material expression of cultural heritage, i.e. tangible cultural heritage, can be immovable or
movable. The distinction of tangible cultural heritage with reference to its movability is only approximate since
there are, for example, buildings or parts thereof that have been moved to places different to where they had been
constructed.
[2]
Note 3 to entry: According to the World Heritage Convention, monuments can be architectural works, works of
monumental sculpture and painting, elements or structures of an archaeological nature, inscriptions, cave dwellings
and combinations of features. Groups of buildings can be groups of separate or connected buildings. Sites can be works
of man or the combined works of nature and man, and areas including archaeological sites and cultural landscapes.
3.12
intervention plan
coordinated set of actions to improve the accessibility (3.4) conditions of a cultural object
3.13
methodology
set of means or procedures (3.16) used for a specific purpose
[SOURCE: ISO 14050:2020, 3.2.13]
3.14
objective
result to be achieved
Note 1 to entry: An objective can be strategic, tactical, or operational.
[SOURCE: ISO 9000:2015, 3.7.1]
3.15
principle
fundamental basis for decision making or behaviour
[SOURCE: ISO 26000:2010, 2.14]
3.16
procedure
specified way to carry out an activity or a process (3.17)
[SOURCE: ISO 14050:2020, 3.3.6]
3.17
process
set of interrelated or interacting activities that use inputs to deliver an intended result
[SOURCE: ISO 9000:2015, 3.4.1]
3.18
reference group
representative group of users (3.22) of a cultural object (3.10) regarding a specific set of needs, user experience
(3.23) or knowledge
Note 1 to entry: In this document, reference group refers to accessibility (3.4) conditions.
3.19
reversible
characteristic of the outcome of an intervention that can be made undone without damage to the object

3.20
significance
combination of all the values (3.24) assigned to an object, ensemble or collection
[SOURCE: EN 15898:2019, 3.1.7]
3.21
strategy
plan to achieve objectives (3.14)
Note 1 to entry: A strategy generally includes a coordinated set of activities and the allocation of resources necessary
to achieve the objectives.
Note 2 to entry: A strategy can be applied at different levels and functions in or across organizations. An overall
strategy can be supported by a set of more detailed lower-level and functional strategies.
Note 3 to entry: A strategy is generally planned but can evolve or emerge over time as a result of continual adaptations
and adjustments.
[SOURCE: ISO 56000:2020, 3.3.4]
3.22
user
person who interacts with a system, product or service
[SOURCE: ISO 27500:2016, 2.12]
3.23
user experience
experience that a user (3.22) has when interacting with a product, service, or system
Note 1 to entry: It encompasses all aspects of the user's interaction, including their perceptions, emotions,
understanding and responses to the product, service or system.
Note 2 to entry: In the context of this document, the user experience refers to the accessibility (3.4) conditions of the
cultural object (3.10).
Note 3 to entry: The user experience can be investigated via, for example, observation, interviews, questionnaires,
reference group (3.18).
3.24
value
aspect of importance that individuals, communities or a society assign(s) to an object, ensemble or collection
in a particular context
Note 1 to entry: Values can be of different types, for example, artistic, symbolic, historical, social, economic, scientific,
educational, technological, functional.
Note 2 to entry: The assigned value can change according to circumstance, for example, how the judgement is made,
the context and the moment in time. Value should always be indicated by its qualifying type.
[SOURCE: EN 15898:2019, 3.1.6]
4 Principles
4.1 General
In an inclusive society, the recognition, valuing, and understanding of immovable cultural heritage and
its significance implies the accessibility measures should be implemented. This is because accessibility to
cultural objects contributes to their conservation and importance for the local community and society in
.
general
Accessible immovable cultural heritage enables all people to access, use and enjoy it effectively, along with
its values.
When establishing accessibility to immovable cultural heritage, a balance shall be ensured between the
conservation of its values and the achievement of specific social goals.
The principles outlined in 4.2 to 4.4 shall be applied to improve accessibility conditions of immovable
cultural heritage and its surroundings.
4.2 Strategic principles
The following strategic principles shall be considered.
a) Equal importance shall be given to heritage and accessibility.
b) Accessibility shall enable access, use and understanding of the cultural object(s) and their setting.
c) Functional requirements of general accessibility standards for the built environment shall be applied
where possible.
d) A multidisciplinary approach shall be applied for each intervention.
e) An evaluation on the needs and possibility of participation of different reference groups shall be applied.
f) Any intervention (e.g. change of use, maintenance, conservation or other enhancement) shall be
evaluated to determine potential opportunities to improve accessibility.
g) Accessibility levels shall be reviewed and improved where required.
4.3 Technical principles
The technical principles that complement the strategic principles are as follows.
a) Any new architectural element or space added to a cultural object shall adhere to accessibility
requirements.
b) Actions to enhance accessibility shall be proportionate to the scope of the intervention, i.e. the extent of
the changes being made.
c) Interventions on immovable cultural heritage shall not compromise existing safety and accessibility
conditions.
d) Reversible solutions should be chosen as long as they provide equal accessibility and safety compared to
non-reversible ones.
e) Individual interventions should be considered as part of a site wide plan based on the accessibility chain.
f) In circumstances where full accessibility cannot be achieved through physical changes, alternative
access methods should be implemented.
4.4 Operational principles
When deciding to intervene to improve accessibility, the following shall be considered:
a) all relevant legal obligations, constrains and rights;
b) type and extent of intervention;
c) diversity of users;
d) physical, sensory, cognitive accessibility;
e) significance of the object;

f) technical and economic feasibility;
g) assessment by experts and reference groups.
5 Methodology
5.1 General
Accessibility-related actions to be planned and developed, whether arising from conservation, restoration
or specific accessibility needs (Annex A), shall consider the significance of the immoveable cultural heritage
and systematically apply an inclusive approach referring to and involving user groups throughout the whole
process.
To implement such an approach, the methodology described in this document is shown in Figure 1 and further
detailed in 5.2 to 5.6. It describes different aspects and procedures to be considered when carrying out
actions to improve accessibility. Even though the methodology is depicted as a series of clearly and sharply
separated steps, it is an iterative process, and different parts may not always be carried out sequentially.
Figure 1 — Steps and outputs of the methodology
5.2 General accessibility objectives
5.2.1 General
Starting from the principles set out in Clause 4 and the goal to provide optimum accessibility to the
immovable cultural heritage under the given constraints, general objectives and corresponding strategies
shall be defined.
Reference groups consisting of users with physical, sensory or cognitive impairments shall be established.

5.2.2 Determination of general objectives
The determination of the general objectives should be based on the following considerations (see Annex B
for further details) regarding the cultural object and its setting:
— the scope of the accessibility intervention;
— the typology and characteristics;
— the uses and functions;
— potential users and their accessibility needs;
— facilities and service provision;
— information on the accessibility characteristics of the cultural object;
— management, conservation and maintenance.
— cultural and functional accessibility needs of the society (evident and latent) with regard to the
cultural object.
Alternative or further categories may be defined depending on the specific intervention.
The categories should not be regarded as being independent; there can be links between them, or general
objectives can be assigned to more than one category.
5.2.3 Adoption of strategies
For an intervention, strategies to achieve the general objectives shall be adopted in accordance with the
principles set out in Clause 4.
The following aspects should be considered for the determination of the strategies:
— reasons for the intervention, such as legal requirements, change of use or requirements.;
— cultural and functional accessibility needs of the society (evident and latent), including user experience;
— conservation requirements applicable to the cultural object (materials, constructive systems, etc.);
— the legal framework for implementing the changes;
— other planned interventions on the cultural object or its setting, which can be relevant to the objective
of accessibility;
— available resources to enable improvement of accessibility;
— the project brief (project description) summarizing relevant possible uses, costs, benefits and timing;
— examples of good practices from other cultural objects (see Annex E).
The analysis of the heritage values and accessibility conditions (see 5.3) can require a revision of the
strategies in order to reach the general objectives.
5.3 Analysis of the cultural object and its setting
5.3.1 General
The analysis of the heritage values of the cultural object is essential so that any action to improve its
accessibility can be taken in the context of these values and in order to enhance its cultural appreciation and
enjoyment.
The analysis of the existing accessibility conditions of a cultural object is the starting point for the definition
of the accessibility conditions to be achieved by the means of the intervention (see 5.4, access concept).
The processes of analysing the heritage values as well as the accessibility conditions may be carried out
independently but shall always be done in a coordinated manner.
5.3.2 Analysis of the heritage values
An analysis of the heritage values of the cultural object and its setting shall be done.
The analysis shall consist at least of the identification of heritage values, their location and, if possible, the
ranking of the heritage values. The analysis of the heritage values shall be done for the entire cultural object
as well as for its parts, single elements or associated intangible heritage, as appropriate.
For the purpose of the intervention, the heritage values of different parts or elements of the cultural object
shall be ranked relative to other parts, if possible. This allows the degree of exceptionality, integrity,
authenticity and representativeness to be evaluated.
Annex C provides further information on heritage values.
The results of the analysis of the heritage values shall be documented in the heritage values study.
NOTE The document is sometimes called also "statement of significance”, “heritage values report” or “heritage
values appraisal”.
5.3.3 Analysis of accessibility conditions
The procedures of the analysis are derived from the general objectives on accessibility. The steps listed
below shall be adapted to the characteristics of the planned intervention.
a) Determination of the bases for the analysis
The bases for the analysis shall include statutory requirements on accessibility, recommendations from
technical standards on accessibility of the built environment or landscapes as well as assessment of
existing accessibility and usability conditions through consideration of users’ experience.
b) Identification and determination of the accessibility chain to carry out the analysis for all its elements
The accessibility chain requires knowledge of the entire cultural object and its details as well as of the
user’s access requirements. To achieve the accessibility objectives, every element of the accessibility
chain must satisfy the required level of accessibility.
c) Definition of the applicable design criteria for the accessibility chain
Considering the bases of the analysis, the applicable design criteria for the accessibility chain and its
elements shall be defined.
NOTE Design criteria refer to the specific requirements, standards, or guidelines that are established to
guide and evaluate the design and development of a project. Such criteria are typically based on a set of objectives,
performance expectations, and constraints that need to be met to achieve the successful realisation of the design.
d) Analysis of the accessibility conditions for each element of the accessibility chain
e) Assessment of the overall accessibility of the cultural object
Applying the design criteria to the existing accessibility conditions allows an evaluation of to what
extent the accessibility objectives are already met.
The analysis of the accessibility conditions, i.e. the results of the above-listed steps, shall be documented in
the access study.
5.3.4 Consolidation of the results of the analyses
A consolidation of the results obtained in 5.3.2 and 5.3.3 shall be carried out to identify the critical points
of both heritage values and accessibility conditions. This consolidation shall also identify requirements
and constraints (conservation, technical, legal, etc.) that will affect the feasibility of action proposals to be
prepared (see 5.5).
5.4 Specific accessibility objectives
The definition of the specific objectives shall further detail the general objectives (see 5.2.2) and be based
on the findings of the consolidated analyses. Where the definition of specific objectives is not needed, the
reasons for this shall be explained.
It is possible that the general objectives must be revised or adapted as a result of the consolidated analyses
(see 5.3.4).
Specific objectives should be defined on the following aspects of the intervention:
— nature of the intervention: physical, operational, informative;
— areas of the cultural object, e.g. spaces, rooms, itineraries, building elements;
— level of permanence, i.e. temporary or permanent solutions;
— any known planned future changes or aspirational goals outside the scope of the planned intervention;
— specific user needs due to specific conditions, e.g. acoustics, mobility, manoeuvring, communication; use,
location;
— prioritisation of aspects, such as user needs, nature of the intervention, areas of the cultural object;
— maintenance and monitoring of new accessibility conditions and, where applicable, the management of
accessibility solutions;
— ease of access to the accessibility information of the cultural object;
— impacts of interventions on existing accessibility during the implementation phase;
— physical constraints affecting the implementation.
The general and specific accessibility objectives together with the result of the analyses (see 5.3.4) shall be
documented in the access concept.
5.5 Proposals for action
5.5.1 Drafting of proposals for action
The access concept is implemented through an action or a set of related actions, each action being consistent
with the accessibility objectives of the envisaged intervention. To provide for this, proposals for action shall
be prepared.
Accessibility objectives can be reached by means of construction interventions (modification of existing
elements, installation or provision of new elements and technologies, provision of alternative routes,
etc.). Accessibility objectives can also be improved by supplementary means like the use of assistive
technologies and products, the modification of the activity or its management, or the use of information and
communication technologies (ICT).
Accessibility interventions at comparable cultural objects can serve as references for development of
proposals for action. The proven effectiveness of already implemented measures should be considered
together with possible innovative approaches and solutions. Innovative solutions may require testing to
demonstrate their effectiveness.

5.5.2 Evaluation and selection of proposals for action
The different proposals for action shall be evaluated so that the action or set of actions that best provide the
highest potential achievement of the accessibility objectives can be identified.
The evaluation of a proposal for action shall consider:
— an analysis of the potential improvement in accessibility and the maximum degree of independence that
can be achieved to ensure access for the different users;
— feedback from stakeholders including reference groups;
— the impact on the heritage values of the cultural object;
— the technical, administrative and financial feasibility;
— future management functionality and accessibility maintenance;
— innovative degree of solution;
— a benefit-cost analysis.
NOTE The social implications of not providing accessibility can be a relevant cost factor but can be difficult to
assess. Accessibility improvements, in addition to enabling everyone to participate in social and cultural life, also
bring economic benefits that can be derived from new market opportunities and the competitive advantage of a more
diversified offering. In addition, accessibility improvements can be beneficial for all users.
In the case of a set of actions, it shall be evaluated whether and how these can be implemented in a
coordinated manner and whether adjustments to the proposals for action are needed to provide for efficient
implementation.
The prepared proposals for actions, their evaluation and the selected proposals for action shall be
documented.
5.6 Intervention plan
Once the proposals for action have been evaluated and selected, the intervention plan can be prepared.
The intervention plan establishes the key elements for the implementation process. By means of the
intervention plan, the selected action(s) are further detailed through a set of measures.
The intervention plan shall contain:
a) accessibility objectives of the envisaged intervention, including:
1) the general and specific accessibility objectives of the access concept;
2) description of the intended outcomes in relation to enhancement of user experience and conservation
of historic values;
b) structured set of implementation measures, including:
1) a description of the proposed measures;
2) the required resources necessary for their completion;
3) the specific areas and elements of the cultural object where the proposed measures will be
implemented;
4) the types of intervention;
c) accessibility chain:
1) description of how the measures are interlinked to create the accessibility chain;

2) statement of how the measures will achieve the accessibility objectives;
d) prioritization and scheduling of measures, including:
1) the identification of measures to be prioritized, where necessary;
NOTE 1 A prioritization of measures can be done on various aspects such as impact on the heritage
value, relevance of the objectives for accessibility, ease of realization, cost.
2) a timeline for the implementation of each measure, including any dependencies or constraints;
e) monitoring of the implementation, including:
1) a series of milestones and indicators to determine progress and identify any deviations from the plan;
2) The identification of any potential risks, such as accidental harm to the heritage or short-term
impacts on accessibility, associated with the implementation;
f) final verification process, including how post implementation feedback from reference groups, users
and experts on heritage values can be obtained and evaluated;
1)
g) management and maintenance of accessibility conditions , including:
1) defining tasks to be undertaken;
2) defining protocols for repairs or replacements of defective elements;
3) updating the publicly available accessibility information;
NOTE 2 Continuous improvement actions can be necessary to maintain accessibility conditions.
h) supporting report, including:
1) the accessibility objectives to be achieved and the process to be followed;
2) the rationale behind the proposed accessibility intervention and how it relates to the values of the
cultural object;
3) a description of the user participation process and how feedback was incorporated;
4) information to be provided to the public, e.g. in an access guide (see Annex D).
1) ISO 21542:2021, Annex F identifies a series of elements that can be considered in the maintenance of accessibility to
the object. Furthermore, applicable legal regulations establish the obligation to carry out a suitable maintenance.

Annex A
(informative)
Accessibility needs
A.1 General
Knowledge on the accessibility needs of the potential users of a cultural object and its settings allows for a
definition of the accessibility objectives and related strategies to achieve these.
NOTE ISO/IEC Guide 71 suggests a process for the definition of specific requirements and recommendations
based on the accessibility objectives, needs, and strategies.
The following should be considered regarding accessibility needs.
— Accessibility needs can be influenced by factors such as abilities, age, gender, health, training, culture.
— Accessibility needs can vary throughout a person's life, e.g. some limitations and restrictions on human
abilities can result from getting older.
— Some impairments in isolation may have limited severity, but when combined with two or more, their
cumulative effect can significantly amplify the impact.
— Individual accessibility needs can vary according to the context and circumstances of the environment.
— In most cases, solving the accessibility needs of some persons benefits others; however, in some instances
there can be accessibility needs with conflicting requirements so that the different options should be
harmonized.
— Accessibility needs are diverse, with some less visible; but all kinds of accessibility needs should be
addressed equally.
— Often there is no single match between accessibility needs and the design requirements or specifications
to meet those needs.
— Accessibility needs can be addressed in various ways; these alternatives should be identified.
A.2 to A.4 present potential needs stemming from physical access to and use of the immovable cultural
heritage and its setting and needs arising from the perception and understanding of the inherent meaning of
the cultural object and its contents. The lists are not exhaustive.
Accessibility needs have been classified based on human abilities which, if partially or totally impaired,
result in the need. Under certain circumstances, the needs assessment is accompanied by examples of the
corresponding requirements or design recommendations.
A.2 Accessibility needs in relation to physical and organizational abilities
Needs in relation to physical and organizational abilities can result from environments where the user must
wander, handle things and/or apply force, to achieve a purpose or aim.
— Approach and reach
Where user engagement with objects in the environment is encouraged, accessible circulation space
shall be located adjacent to any element. Reach ranges, viewing ranges and spatial requirements vary
from users to user. Therefore, the positioning of objects and points of interaction and information should
be considered.
— Handling
Actions usually involve the use of the upper limbs (lifting, grasping, releasing, turning, etc.), relating to
limitations of fine motor skills and dexterity. To reduce problems, for example, the shape, size, weight,
and finish of certain elements such as handles, push-button panels, handrails, fire extinguishers, door
...