ISO/IEC 24769-5:2012

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 24769-5
First edition
2012-12-15
Corrected version
2012-12-15
Information technology — Automatic
identification and data capture
techniques — Real time locating systems
(RTLS) device conformance test
methods —
Part 5:
Test methods for chirp spread spectrum
(CSS) at 2,4 GHz air interface
Technologies de l'information — Techniques d'identification
automatique et de capture de données — Systèmes de localisation en
temps réel (RTLS) méthodologie des tests de conformité —
Partie 5: Méthodologie de test de l'interface d'air à 2,4 GHz avec
étalement de spectre par compression d'impulsions (CSS)

Reference number
©
ISO/IEC 2012
©  ISO/IEC 2012
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56  CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO/IEC 2012 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1  Scope . 1
2  Normative references . 1
3  Terms and definitions . 2
4  Symbols and abbreviated terms . 2
5  Conformance tests for ISO/IEC 24730-5 . 3
5.1  General . 3
5.2  Overall Test conditions . 3
5.2.1  Test environment . 3
5.2.2  Default tolerance . 3
5.3  Transmitter and Receiver setup . 3
5.3.1  Transmitting setup . 3
5.3.2  Receiving setup . 4
5.4  RF transmission tests . 5
5.4.1  Test setup . 5
5.4.2  2-ary orthogonal CSS modulation at 1 Mbits/s transmission test . 5
5.4.3  2-ary orthogonal CSS modulation at 250 Kbits/s transmission test . 7
5.4.4  DQPSK CSS modulation at 1 Mbits/s transmission test . 8
5.4.5  DQPSK CSS modulation at 250 Kbits/s transmission test . 10
5.5  RF reception tests . 11
5.5.1  Test setup . 11
5.5.2  2-ary orthogonal CSS modulation at 1 Mbits/s reception test . 12
5.5.3  2-ary orthogonal CSS modulation at 250 Kbits/s reception test . 14
5.5.4  DQPSK CSS modulation at 1 Mbits/s reception test . 16
5.5.5  DQPSK CSS modulation at 250 Kbits/s reception test . 17
5.6  Application layer conformance tests . 19
5.6.1  Test setup . 19
5.6.2  Set and get configuration vector command . 20
5.6.3  Set, add and get ranging peer . 21
5.6.4  Switch state command test . 22
5.6.5  Ranging packet exchange . 24
5.6.6  Ranging report . 27
Annex A (normative) Technical requirements of the testing equipment . 29
Bibliography . 30

© ISO/IEC 2012 – All rights reserved iii

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of
ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information
technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as
an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/IEC 24769-5 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 31, Automatic identification and data capture techniques.
This corrected version of ISO/IEC 24769-5:2012 incorporates the following corrections:
 All references to ISO/IEC 24703-5 have been changed to ISO/IEC 24730-5.
ISO/IEC 24769 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology, Automatic
identification and data capture techniques — Real time locating systems (RTLS) device conformance test
methods:
 Part 2: Test methods for air interface communication at 2,4 GHz
 Part 5: Test methods for chirp spread spectrum (CSS) at 2,4 GHz air interface
iv © ISO/IEC 2012 – All rights reserved

Introduction
ISO/IEC 24730 defines air interface protocols and an Application Program Interface (API) for Real Time
Locating Systems (RTLS).
ISO/IEC 24730-5 defines an air interface which utilizes Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) at frequencies from 2.4-
2.483 GHz. Chirp pulses, which are pulses with a fast increasing or decreasing instantaneous frequency, have
originally used for radar applications. Lately, chirp pulses have been also used for communication applications.
ISO/IEC 24730-5 includes ranging and bidirectional communication between tags and infrastructures.
Bidirectional communication enables the infrastructure to control the behaviour of tags.
The purpose of ISO/IEC TR 24769-5 is to provide tests conditions and methods for conformance to
ISO/IEC 24730-5.
ISO/IEC TR 24769-5 contains all measurements required to be made on a product in order to establish
whether it conforms to ISO/IEC 24730-5.

© ISO/IEC 2012 – All rights reserved v

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 24769-5:2012(E)

Information technology — Automatic identification and data
capture techniques — Real time locating systems (RTLS)
device conformance test methods —
Part 5:
Test methods for chirp spread spectrum (CSS) at 2,4 GHz air
interface
1 Scope
This part of ISO/IEC 24769 defines the test methods for determining the conformance of real time locating
systems (RTLS) tags and readers with the specifications given in the corresponding parts of ISO/IEC 24730-5.
This part of ISO/IEC 24769 does not include the testing of conformity with regulatory requirements.
The test methods require only that the mandatory functions, and any optional functions which are
implemented, be verified
The conformance parameters described in this part of ISO/IEC 24769 include the radio frequency air interface
and packet exchange required to perform the locating of the RTLS tag. It includes the mandatory 2-ary
orthogonal chirp spread spectrum (CSS) modulation and the optional differential quadrature phase shift keying
(DQPSK) CSS. This part of ISO/IEC 24769 also includes the ranging packet exchanges, the commands and
the reports defined in ISO/IEC 24730-5.
Unless otherwise specified, the tests in this part of ISO/IEC 24769 shall be applied exclusively to RTLS tags
and readers defined in ISO/IEC 24730-5.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 19762-1: Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques —
Harmonized vocabulary — Part 1: General terms relating to AIDC
ISO/IEC 19762-3: Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques —
Harmonized vocabulary — Part 3: Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID)
ISO/IEC 19762-4: Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques —
Harmonized vocabulary — Part 4: General terms relating to radio communications
ISO/IEC 19762-5: Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques —
Harmonized vocabulary — Part 5: Locating systems
ISO/IEC 24730-5: Information technology — Real Time Locating Systems (RTLS) — Part 5: Chirp Spread
Spectrum (CSS) at 2.4 GHz air interface
© ISO/IEC 2012 – All rights reserved 1

3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 19762-1, ISO/IEC 19762-3,
ISO/IEC 19762-4, ISO/IEC 19762-5 and the following apply.
3.1
Chirp Spread Spectrum
technique for spreading the bandwidth of a digital signal using linear frequency sweep signals
3.2
Class I
system that operates at a radiated power up to 10 mW EIRP
3.3
Class II
system that operates at a radiated power higher than 10 mW up to the maximum defined by local regulations
3.4
Ranging
process of determining the distance between two RTLS transceivers through the exchange of a specific set of
messages
3.4
Ranging peer
RTLS transceiver to perform ranging with
3.5
RTLS tag
RTLS transceiver that accepts commands from RTLS readers, sends blinks and reports to the RTLS readers
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
API Application Program Interface
AWG Arbitrary Waveform Generator
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
CSMA/CA Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Avoid
CSS Chirp Spread Spectrum
DQPSK Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
DUT Device Under Test
EIRP Effective Isotropic Radiated Power
MAC Medium Access Control
PPM Parts Per Million
RTLS Real Time Locating System
SG Signal Generator
2 © ISO/IEC 2012 – All rights reserved

Src Source address
T Duration of time interval during which the receiver is activated
RXON
T1R1 Application ranging packet type 1 of the ranging packet exchange type 1
5 Conformance tests for ISO/IEC 24730-5
5.1 General
This technical report specifies a series of tests to determine the conformance of RTLS tags and readers to the
ISO/IEC 24730-5 air interface and packet exchanges required to be performed between tags and
infrastructures in order to control and retrieve information about location and states of tags.
5.2 Overall Test conditions
Unless otherwise specified, these test conditions apply to all tests in this part of ISO/IEC 24769.
5.2.1 Test environment
Unless otherwise specified, testing shall take place in an environment of temperature 23° C ± 3 °C and of
relative humidity 25 % to 75 %.
5.2.2 Default tolerance
Unless otherwise specified, a default tolerance of ± 5% shall be applied to the quantity values given to specify
the characteristics of the test equipment and the test method procedures.
5.3 Transmitter and Receiver setup
In order to perform some test cases, one or several specific setups will be required to either transmit packets
or to receive and decode packets according to the ISO/IEC 24730-5 standard. These setups are described
hereafter.
5.3.1 Transmitting setup
The transmitting setup shall be used to validate the reception performances of the DUT and to verify the
compliance of the DUT to the tag application layer by transmitting various commands.
In order to transmit data according to the specification of ISO/IEC 24730-5, the following parts are required:
 Control Application: An application which controls the signal generator in order to perform the tasks
required by this part of ISO/IEC 24769.
 Arbitrary Waveform Generator: for example, a Tektronix AWG2041 or equivalent, as described in
Annex A.
 Signal Generator: for example, an Agilent ESG E4438C or equivalent, as described in Annex A. If the
AWG is able to deliver the proper signal at the desired frequency, the SG might not be necessary.
 Frequency Mixer: for example, a Mini-Circuits ZEM-4300+ or equivalent.
© ISO/IEC 2012 – All rights reserved 3

Figure 1 below shows the required transmitting setup:

Figure 1 — Transmitting setup
5.3.2 Receiving setup
The receiving setup shall be used to validate the data transmitted by the DUT and to verify the compliance of
the DUT to the tag application layer.
In order to receive and decode data according to the specification of ISO/IEC 24730-5, the following parts are
required:
 Frequency Mixer: for example, a Mini-Circuits ZEM-4300+ or equivalent.
 Signal Generator: for example, an Agilent ESG E4438C or equivalent, as described in Annex A.
 Oscilloscope: for example, a Tektronix DPO 7104 or equivalent, as described in Annex A.
 Post processing application: An application which controls the oscilloscope in order to gather the data
required to validate if the DUT is compliant with the test specification.
Figure 2 below shows the required receiving setup:

Figure 2 — Receiving setup
4 © ISO/IEC 2012 – All rights reserved

5.4 RF transmission tests
This describes the conditions and tests to validate the radio frequency transmission.
5.4.1 Test setup
The device under test (DUT) shall be a RTLS tag or reader. The measurement equipment shall consist of an
anechoic chamber, one or several measuring antennas, a spectrum analyzer, an oscilloscope and a receiving
setup.
Technical requirements of the spectrum analyzer, for example, an Agilent E4443A or equivalent, are
described in Annex A.
The DUT shall be placed at a distance between 1 meter and 3 meters from the measurement antenna.
Figure 3 below shows the required test setup:

Figure 3 — RF transmission test setup
All measurement shall be done with a video and resolution bandwidth of minimum 100 KHz.
5.4.2 2-ary orthogonal CSS modulation at 1 Mbits/s transmission test
5.4.2.1 Test objective
The objective of this test is to validate that the DUT provides the appropriate 2-ary orthogonal CSS modulation
waveform and data rate defined in ISO/IEC 24730-5 and required for proper system performance.
© ISO/IEC 2012 – All rights reserved 5

5.4.2.2 Test conditions
The test setup shall be according to 5.4.1.
The DUT shall be configured with the following configuration:
 Transmit on channel 0 with a centre frequency of 2441.75 MHz (as defined in Table 2 in 7.3 of
ISO/IEC 24730-5).
 Occupied channel bandwidth: 80 MHz.
 Data bit rates: 1 Mbits/s.
 Modulation: 2-ary orthogonal CSS.
 Transmit power shall be at a class 1 power between 0 dBm and +10 dBm EIRP.
 Media access: ALOHA (as defined in 8.5.4 of ISO/IEC 24730-5) which correspond to CSMA/CA off (as
defined in Table 27 in 9.3.2 of ISO/IEC 24730-5).
 Transmit a blink packet (as defined in 9.4.1 of ISO/IEC 24730-5) every 1 second. As a blink packet can
include user defined data, the length is not fixed but should be kept below 64 bytes in total. The total
packet length shall be specified by the manufacturer of the DUT.
5.4.2.3 Test measurements and requirements
The person in charge of the test, or the test application, shall be able to validate the parameters described
hereafter.
5.4.2.3.1 Carrier frequency
The carrier frequency shall be measured with the spectrum analyzer.
The carrier frequency shall be 2441.750 MHz ± 171 KHz (70 PPM). The carrier frequency drift over the
duration of the entire message shall be less than 12 KHz (5 PPM).
5.4.2.3.2 Occupied channel bandwidth
The 20 dB occupied bandwidth shall be measured with the spectrum analyzer.
The 20 dB occupied bandwidth shall be below 83.5 MHz. (As specified in Figure 5 in 7.3.2 of ISO/IEC
24730-5)
5.4.2.3.3 Transmit power
The power received shall be measured with the spectrum analyzer.
The transmitted power shall be calculated based on the power received at the measurement antenna. The
calculated power shall be within ± 2.0 dB of the DUT specified transmitting power.
5.4.2.3.4 Symbol rate
The symbol rate shall be measured with the oscilloscope. The signal can be down converted in order to
increase the accuracy of the measurement.
The symbol rate of the 2-ary orthogonal CSS shall be 10 symbols per second ± 70 symbols (70 PPM).
6 © ISO/IEC 2012 – All rights reserved

5.4.2.3.5 Message content
The message shall be decoded using the receiving setup.
The person in charge of the test or the test application shall verify that the blink message format, including
preamble, start of frame delimiter, DUT ID (defined in Src of Figure 40 in 9.4.1 of ISO/IEC 24730-5) and CRC2,
is in compliance with the format specified in 7.3.7, 7.3.8 and 9.4.1 of the ISO/IEC 24730-5.
5.4.2.4 Test report
The test report shall contain a sketch of the test setup, the distance between the DUT and the measurement
antenna, a list of the testing equipment used and all the measured data required to validate the parameters
defined above.
If a test application is used, a brief narrative shall be included as an annex to the data.
The report shall also contain the uncertainties of the measurement equipment.
5.4.3 2-ary orthogonal CSS modulation at 250 Kbits/s transmission test
5.4.3.1 Test objective
The objective of this test is to validate that the DUT provides the appropriate 2-ary orthogonal CSS modulation
waveform and data rate defined in ISO/IEC 24730-5 and required for proper system performance.
5.4.3.2 Test conditions
The test setup shall be according to 5.4.1.
The DUT shall be configured with the following configuration:
 Transmit on channel 2 with a centre frequency of 2412 MHz (as defined in Table 2 in 7.3 of ISO/IEC
24730-5).
 Occupied channel bandwidth: 22 MHz.
 Data bit rates: 250 Kbits/s.
 Modulation: 2-ary orthogonal CSS.
 Transmit power shall be at a class 1 power between 0 dBm and +10 dBm EIRP.
 Media access: ALOHA (as defined in 8.5.4 of ISO/IEC 24730-5) which correspond to CSMA/CA off (as
defined in Table 27 in 9.3.2 of ISO/IEC 24730-5).
 Transmit a blink packet (as defined in 9.4.1 of ISO/IEC 24730-5) every 1 second. As a blink packet can
include user defined data, the length is not fixed but should be kept below 64 bytes in total. The total
packet length shall be specified by the manufacturer of the DUT.
5.4.3.3 Test measurements and requirements
The person in charge of the test, or the test application, shall be able to validate the parameters described
hereafter.
5.4.3.3.1 Carrier frequency
The carrier frequency shall be measured with the spectrum analyzer.
© ISO/IEC 2012 – All rights reserved 7

The carrier frequency shall be 2412 MHz ± 169 KHz (70 PPM). The carrier frequency drift over the duration of
the entire message shall be less than 12 KHz (5 PPM).
5.4.3.3.2 Occupied channel bandwidth
The 20 dB occupied bandwidth shall be measured with the spectrum analyzer.
The 20 dB occupied bandwidth shall be below 22 MHz. (As specified in Figure 6 in 7.3.2 of ISO/IEC 24730-5).
5.4.3.3.3 Transmit power
The power received shall be measured with the spectrum analyzer.
The transmitted power shall be calculated based on the power received at the measurement antenna. The
calculated power shall be within ± 2.0 dB of the DUT specified transmitting power.
5.4.3.3.4 Symbol rate
The symbol rate shall be measured with the oscilloscope. The signal can be down converted in order to
increase the accuracy of the measurement.
The symbol rate of the 2-ary orthogonal CSS shall be 250 000 symbols per second ± 17 symbols (70 PPM).
5.4.3.3.5 Message content
The message shall be decoded using a receiving setup.
The person in charge of the test or the test application shall verify that the blink message format, including
preamble, start of frame delimiter, DUT ID (defined in Src of Figure 40 in 9.4.1 of ISO/IEC 24730-5) and CRC2,
is in compliance with the format specified in 7.3.7, 7.3.8 and 9.4.1 of the ISO/IEC 24730-5.
5.4.3.4 Test report
The test report shall contain a sketch of the test setup, the distance between the DUT and the measurement
antenna, a list of the testing equipment used and all the measured data required to validate the parameters
defined above.
If a test application is used, a brief narrative shall be included as an annex to the data.
The report shall also contain the uncertainties of the measurement equipment.
5.4.4 DQPSK CSS modulation at 1 Mbits/s transmission test
As this modulation is optional in the ISO/IEC 24730-5, this applies only to devices which state its
implementation.
5.4.4.1 Test objective
The objective of this test is to validate that the DUT provides the appropriate differential Quadrature Phase
Shift Keying CSS modulation waveform and data rate defined in ISO/IEC 24730-5 and required for proper
system performance.
8 © ISO/IEC 2012 – All rights reserved

5.4.4.2 Test conditions
The test setup shall be according to 5.4.1.
The DUT shall be configured with the following configuration:
 Transmit on channel 2 with a centre frequency of 2412 MHz (as defined in Table 2 in 7.3 and Table 6 in
7.4 of ISO/IEC 24730-5).
 Occupied channel bandwidth: 22 MHz.
 Data bit rates: 1 Mbits/s.
 Modulation: DQPSK CSS.
 Transmit power shall be at a class 1 power between 0 dBm and +10 dBm EIRP.
 Media access: ALOHA (as defined in 8.5.4 of ISO/IEC 24730-5) which correspond to CSMA/CA off (as
defined in Table 27 in 9.3.2 of ISO/IEC 24730-5).
 Transmit a blink packet (as defined in 9.4.1 of ISO/IEC 24730-5) every 1 second. As a blink packet can
include user defined data, the length is not fixed but should be kept below 64 bytes in total. The total
packet length shall be specified by the manufacturer of the DUT.
5.4.4.3 Test measurements and requirements
The person in charge of the test, or the test application, shall be able to validate the parameters described
hereafter.
5.4.4.3.1 Carrier frequency
If the DUT is able to send a carrier, the carrier frequency shall be measured with the spectrum analyzer.
The carrier frequency shall be 2412 MHz ± 97 KHz (40 PPM). The carrier frequency drift over the duration of
the entire message shall be less than 12 KHz (5 PPM).
5.4.4.3.2 Occupied channel bandwidth
The occupied bandwidth shall be measured with the spectrum analyzer.
The 30 dB occupied bandwidth shall be below 22 MHz. (As specified in Figure 13 in 7.4.2 of ISO/IEC
24730-5). Additionally, the spectral power density shall be according to Figure 13 in 7.4.2 of ISO/IEC 24730-5.
5.4.4.3.3 Transmit power
The power received shall be measured with the spectrum analyzer.
The transmitted power shall be calculated based on the power received at the measurement antenna. The
calculated power shall be within ± 2.0 dB of the DUT specified transmitting power.
5.4.4.3.4 Symbol rate
The symbol rate shall be measured with the oscilloscope. The signal can be down converted in order to
increase the accuracy of the measurement.
The symbol rate of the 2-ary orthogonal CSS shall be 166 667 symbols per second ± 7 symbols (40 PPM).
© ISO/IEC 2012 – All rights reserved 9

5.4.4.3.5 Message content
The message shall be decoded using a receiving setup.
The person in charge of the test or the test application shall verify that the blink message format, including
preamble, start of frame delimiter, DUT ID (defined in Src of Figure 40 in 9.4.1 of ISO/IEC 24730-5) and CRC2,
is in compliance with the format specified in 7.3.7, 7.3.8 and 9.4.1 of the ISO/IEC 24730-5.
5.4.4.4 Test report
The test report shall contain a sketch of the test setup, the distance between the DUT and the measurement
antenna, a list of the testing equipment used and all the measured data required to validate the parameters
defined above.
If a test application is used, a brief narrative shall be included as an annex to the data.
The report shall also contain the uncertainties of the measurement equipment.
5.4.5 DQPSK CSS modulation at 250 Kbits/s transmission test
As this modulation is optional in the ISO/IEC 24730-5, this applies only to devices which state its
implementation.
5.4.5.1 Test objective
The objective of this test is to validate that the DUT provides the appropriate differential Quadrature Phase
Shift Keying CSS modulation waveform and data rate defined in ISO/IEC 24730-5 and required for proper
system performance.
5.4.5.2 Test conditions
The test setup shall be according to 5.4.1.
The DUT shall be configured with the following configuration:
 Transmit on channel 2 with a centre frequency of 2412 MHz (as defined in Table 2 in 7.3 and Table 6 in
7.4 of ISO/IEC 24730-5).
 Occupied channel bandwidth: 22 MHz.
 Data bit rates: 250 Kbits/s.
 Modulation: DQPSK CSS.
 Transmit power shall be at a class 1 power between 0 dBm and +10 dBm EIRP.
 Media access: ALOHA (as defined in 8.5.4 of ISO/IEC 24730-5) which correspond to CSMA/CA off (as
defined in Table 27 in 9.3.2 of ISO/IEC 24730-5).
 Transmit a blink packet (as defined in 9.4.1 of ISO/IEC 24730-5) every 1 second. As a blink packet can
include user defined data, the length is not fixed but should be kept below 64 bytes in total. The total
packet length shall be specified by the manufacturer of the DUT.
5.4.5.3 Test measurements and requirements
The person in charge of the test, or the test application, shall be able to validate the parameters described
hereafter.
10 © ISO/IEC 2012 – All rights reserved

5.4.5.3.1 Carrier frequency
If the DUT is able to send a carrier, the carrier frequency shall be measured with the spectrum analyzer.
The carrier frequency shall be 2412 MHz ± 97 KHz (40 PPM). The carrier frequency drift over the duration of
the entire message shall be less than 12 KHz (5 PPM).
5.4.5.3.2 Occupied channel bandwidth
The occupied bandwidth shall be measured with the spectrum analyzer.
The 30 dB occupied bandwidth shall be below 22 MHz. (As specified in Figure 13 in 7.4.2 of ISO/IEC
24730-5). Additionally, the spectral power density shall be according to Figure 13 in 7.4.2 of ISO/IEC 24730-5.
5.4.5.3.3 Transmit power
The power received shall be measured with the spectrum analyzer.
The transmitted power shall be calculated based on the power received at the measurement antenna. The
calculated power shall be within ± 2.0 dB of the DUT specified transmitting power.
5.4.5.3.4 Symbol rate
The symbol rate shall be measured with the oscilloscope. The signal can be down converted in order to
increase the accuracy of the measurement.
The symbol rate of the 2-ary orthogonal CSS shall be 166 667 symbols per second ± 7 symbols (40 PPM).
5.4.5.3.5 Message content
The message shall be decoded using a receiving setup.
The person in charge of the test or the test application shall verify that the blink message format, including
preamble, start of frame delimiter, DUT ID (defined in Src of Figure 40 in 9.4.1 of ISO/IEC 24730-5) and CRC2,
is in compliance with the format specified in 7.3.7, 7.3.8 and 9.4.1 of the ISO/IEC 24730-5.
5.4.5.4 Test report
The test report shall contain a sketch of the test setup, the distance between the DUT and the measurement
antenna, a list of the testing equipment used and all the measured data required to validate the parameters
defined above.
If a test application is used, a brief narrative shall be included as an annex to the data.
The report shall also contain the uncertainties of the measurement equipment.
5.5 RF reception tests
This describes the conditions and tests to validate the radio frequency reception.
5.5.1 Test setup
The measurement equipment shall consist of an anechoic chamber, a transmitting setup and a receiving
setup.
The DUT shall be a RTLS tag or reader.
© ISO/IEC 2012 – All rights reserved 11

The DUT shall be placed at a distance between 1 meter and 3 meters from the measurement antenna.
The data will be transmitted by a transmitting setup. The person in charge of the test shall verify that the
transmitting setup complies with the RF transmission test, as defined in 5.4 of this part of ISO/IEC 24769.
Figure 4 below shows the required test setup:

Figure 4 — RF reception test setup
5.5.2 2-ary orthogonal CSS modulation at 1 Mbits/s reception test
5.5.2.1 Test objective
The objective of this test is to validate that the DUT provides the appropriate 2-ary orthogonal CSS modulation
waveform detection required for proper system performance.
5.5.2.2 Test conditions
The test setup shall be according to 5.5.1.
The DUT shall be configured with the following configuration:
 Operation on channel 0 with a centre frequency of 2441.75 MHz (as defined in Table 2 in 7.3 of ISO/IEC
24730-5).
 Occupied channel bandwidth : 80 MHz.
 Data bit rates: 1 Mbits/s.
 Modulation: 2-ary orthogonal CSS.
 Transmit power shall be at a class 1 power between 0 dBm and +10 dBm EIRP.
12 © ISO/IEC 2012 – All rights reserved

 Media access: ALOHA (as defined in 8.5.4 of ISO/IEC 24730-5) which correspond to CSMA/CA off (as
defined in Table 27 in 9.3.2 of ISO/IEC 24730-5).
Additionally, as the operation of a tag and a reader differ, the configuration and test procedure will be different
depending on if the DUT is a tag or a reader.
5.5.2.3 Test measurements and requirements
The person in charge of the test, or the test application, shall be able to validate the parameters described
hereafter.
5.5.2.3.1 Receiver input RF power levels
The transmitting setup shall be configured to provide two input signals to the DUT:
 - 80 dBm for threshold sensitivity
 - 40 dBm for dynamic range
5.5.2.3.2 Detection error magnitude
Depending on if the DUT is a tag or a reader, the test procedure will differ.
5.5.2.3.2.1 The device under test is a tag
The DUT shall be additionally configured with the following configuration:
 Transmit a blink packet (as defined in 9.4.1 of ISO/IEC 24730-5) every 2 seconds. As a blink packet can
include user defined data, the length is not fixed but should be kept below 64 bytes in total. The total
packet length shall be specified by the manufacturer of the DUT.
 Each blink shall be followed by a receiving window of duration T equal to 1 second as defined in
RXON
9.2.5 of ISO/IEC 24730-5.
As a tag will transmit a blink packet before entering the receiving window, the testing application controlling
the transmitting setup shall not start any transmission before the reception of the blink.
The transmission of packet by the transmitting setup shall start 3 milliseconds (ms) after the reception of the
blink.
During the DUT’s receiving window duration, the transmitting setup shall send 200 packets with an estimated
interval of 2 ms between each packet. The transmitting setup shall stop to transmit packet 10 ms before the
estimated end of the receiving window of the DUT.
The packet sent to the DUT shall be an AddRangingPeers command, as defined in 9.3.5 of ISO/IEC 24730-5,
with the following parameter:
 Number of peers = 0
For the 2 RF input levels (2 tests in total), the reception error shall be better than 95 % of all commands sent.
Each test shall consist of a minimum of 2000 commands.
5.5.2.3.2.2 The device under test is a reader
The transmitting setup shall transmit blink (as defined in 9.4.1 of ISO/IEC 24730-5) with an interval between
blinks of 2 ms.
© ISO/IEC 2012 – All rights reserved 13

For the 2 RF input levels (2 tests in total), the reception error shall be better than 95 % of all blinks sent. Each
test shall consist of a minimum of 2000 blinks.
5.5.2.4 Test report
The test report shall contain a sketch of the test setup, the distance between the DUT and the measurement
antenna, a list of the testing equipment used and all the measured data required to validate the parameters
defined above.
If a test application is used, a brief narrative shall be included as an annex to the data.
The report shall also contain the uncertainties of the measurement equipment.
5.5.3 2-ary orthogonal CSS modulation at 250 Kbits/s reception test
5.5.3.1 Test objective
The objective of this test is to validate that the DUT provides the appropriate 2-ary orthogonal CSS modulation
waveform detection required for proper system performance.
5.5.3.2 Test conditions
The test setup shall be according to 5.5.1.
The DUT shall be configured with the following configuration:
 Occupied channel bandwidth: 22 MHz
 Data bit rates: 250 kbits/s
 Modulation: 2-ary orthogonal CSS
 Transmit power shall be at a class 1 power between 0 dBm and +10 dBm EIRP
 Media access: ALOHA (as defined in 8.5.4 of ISO/IEC 24730-5) which correspond to CSMA/CA off (as
defined in Table 27 in 9.3.2 of ISO/IEC 24730-5)
Additionally, as the operation of a tag and a reader differ, the configuration and test procedure will be different
depending on if the DUT is a tag or a reader.
5.5.3.3 Test measurements and requirements
The person in charge of the test, or the test application, shall be able to validate the parameters described
hereafter.
5.5.3.3.1 Channel used
The transmitting setup and the DUT shall be tested at the following channel, as defined in Table 2 in 7.3 of
ISO/IEC 24730-5:
 Channel 2 : centre frequency of 2412 MHz
 Channel 8: centre frequency of 2442 MHz
 Channel 15: centre frequency of 2484 MHz
14 © ISO/IEC 2012 – All rights reserved

5.5.3.3.2 Receiver input RF power levels
The transmitting setup shall be configured to provide two input signals to the DUT:
 - 80 dBm for threshold sensitivity
 - 40 dBm for dynamic range
5.5.3.3.3 Detection error magnitude
Depending on if the DUT is a tag or a reader, the test procedure will differ.
5.5.3.3.3.1 The device under test is a tag
The DUT shall be additionally configured with the following configuration:
 Transmit a blink packet (as defined in 9.4.1 of ISO/IEC 24730-5) every 2 seconds. As a blink packet can
include user defined data, the length is not fixed but should be kept below 64 bytes in total. The total
packet length shall be specified by the manufacturer of the DUT.
 Each blink shall be followed by a receiving window of duration T equal to 1 second as defined in
RXON
9.2.5 of ISO/IEC 24730-5.
As a tag will transmit a blink packet before entering the receiving window, the testing application controlling
the transmitting setup shall not start any transmission before the reception of the blink.
The transmission of packet by the transmitting setup shall start 3 milliseconds (ms) after the reception of the
blink.
During the DUT’s receiving window duration, the transmitting setup shall send 100 packets with an estimated
interval of 2 ms between each packet. The transmitting setup shall stop to transmit packet 10 ms before the
estimated end of the receiving window of the DUT.
The packet sent to the DUT shall be an AddRangingPeers command, as defined in 9.3.5 of ISO/IEC 24730-5,
with the following parameter:
 Number of peers = 0
For the 2 RF input levels and the 3 channels (6 tests in total), the reception error shall be better than 95 % of
all commands sent. Each test shall consist of a minimum of 2000 commands.
5.5.3.3.3.2 The device under test is a reader
The transmitting setup shall transmit blink (as defined in 9.4.1 of ISO/IEC 24730-5) with an interval between
blinks of 2 ms.
For the 2 RF input levels and the 3 channels (6 tests in total), the reception error shall be better than 95 % of
all blinks sent. Each test shall consist of a minimum of 2000 blinks.
5.5.3.4 Test report
The test report shall contain a sketch of the test setup, the distance between the DUT and the measurement
antenna, a list of the testing equipment used and all the measured data required to validate the parameters
defined above.
If a test application is used, a brief narrative shall be included as an annex to the data.
The report shall also contain the uncertainties of the measurement equipment.
© ISO/IEC 2012 – All rights reserved 15

5.5.4 DQPSK CSS modulation at 1 Mbits/s reception test
5.5.4.1 Test objective
The objective of this test is to validate that the DUT provides the appropriate DQPSK CSS modulation
waveform detection required for proper system performance.
5.5.4.2 Test conditions
The test setup shall be according to 5.5.1.
The DUT shall be configured with the following configuration:
 Occupied channel bandwidth: 22 MHz.
 Data bit rates: 1 Mbits/s.
 Modulation: DQPSK CSS.
 Transmit power shall be at a class 1 power between 0 dBm and +10 dBm EIRP.
 Media access: ALOHA (as defined in 8.5.4 of ISO/IEC 24730-5) which corresponds to CSMA/CA off (as
defined in Table 27 in 9.3.2 of ISO/IEC 24730-5).
Additionally, as the operation of a tag and a reader differ, the configuration and test procedure will be different
depending on if the DUT is a tag or a reader.
5.5.4.3 Test measurements and requirements
The person in charge of the test, or the test application, shall be able to validate the parameters described
hereafter.
5.5.4.3.1 Channel used
The transmitting setup and the DUT shall be tested at the following channel, as defined in Table 2 in 7.3 and
Table 6 in 7.4 of ISO/IEC 24730-5:
 Channel 2 : centre frequency of 2412 MHz
 Channel 8: centre frequency of 2442 MHz
 Channel 15: centre frequency of 2484 MHz
5.5.4.3.2 Receiver input RF power levels
The transmitting setup shall be configured to provide two input signals to the DUT:
 - 80 dBm for threshold sensitivity
 - 40 dBm for dynamic range
5.5.4.3.3 Detection error magnitude
Depending on if the DUT is a tag or a reader, the test procedure will differ.
16 © ISO/IEC 2012 – All rights reserved

5.5.4.3.3.1 The device under test is a tag
The DUT shall be additionally configured with the following configuration:
 Transmit a blink packet (as defined in 9.4.1 of ISO/IEC 24730-5) every 2 seconds. As a blink packet can
include user defined data, the length is not fixed but should be kept below 64 bytes in total. The total
packet length shall be specified by the manufacturer of the DUT.
 Each blink shall be followed by a receiving window of duration T equal to 1 second as defined in
RXON
9.2.5 of ISO/IEC 24730-5.
As a tag will transmit a blink packet before entering the receiving window, the testing application controlling
the transmitting setup shall not start any transmission before the reception of the blink.
The transmission of packet by the transmitting setup shall start 3 milliseconds (ms) after the reception of the
blink.
During the DUT’s receiving window duration, the transmitting setup shall send 200 packets with an estimated
interval of 2 ms between each packet. The transmitting setup shall stop to transmit packet 10 ms before the
estimated end of the receiving window of the DUT.
The packet sent to the DUT shall be an AddRangingPeers command, as defined in 9.3.5 of ISO/IEC 24730-5,
with the following parameter:
 Number of peers = 0
For the 2 RF input levels and the 3 channels (6 tests in total), the reception error shall be better than 95 % of
all commands sent. Each test shall consist of a minimum of 2000 commands.
5.5.4.3.3.2 The device under test is a reader
The transmitting setup shall transmit blink (as defined in 9.4.1 of ISO/IEC 24730-5) with an interval between
blinks of 2 ms.
For the 2 RF input levels and the 3 channels (6 tests in total), the reception error shall be better than 95 % of
all blinks sent. Each test shall consist of a minimum of 2000 blinks.
5.5.4.4 Test report
The test report shall contain a sketch of the test setup, the distance between the DUT and the measurement
antenna, a list of the testing equipment used and all the measured data required to validate the parameters
defined above.
If a test application is used, a brief narrative shall be includ
...