ISO 13315-6:2019

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 13315-6
First edition
2019-09
Environmental management for
concrete and concrete structures —
Part 6:
Use of concrete structures
Reference number
©
ISO 2019
© ISO 2019
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ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols . 2
5 Principles and procedures for environmental management related to
maintenance/remedial activities of concrete structures . 3
5.1 General . 3
5.2 Maintenance of concrete structures . 3
5.3 Remedial activities for concrete structures . 3
5.3.1 General. 3
5.3.2 Client briefing . 6
5.3.3 Setting of environmental performance requirements . 6
5.3.4 Design . 7
5.3.5 Estimation. 7
5.3.6 Verification . 7
5.3.7 Execution and related works . 8
5.3.8 Inspection . 8
5.3.9 Documentation . 8
6 Principles and procedures for environmental management during operation of
concrete structures . 8
6.1 General . 8
6.2 Client briefing . 9
6.3 Setting of environmental performance requirements .10
6.3.1 Selection of impact categories.10
6.3.2 Setting of indicators .10
6.3.3 Setting of environmental performance requirements for indicators .10
6.4 Design .11
6.4.1 New concrete structures .11
6.4.2 Existing concrete structures .11
6.5 Estimation .11
6.5.1 New concrete structures .11
6.5.2 Existing concrete structures .11
6.6 Verification .12
6.7 Execution and related works .12
6.8 Inspection .12
6.9 Documentation .12
Annex A (informative) Example of indicators for the environmental management .13
Annex B (informative) Examples of environmental consideration during operation .17
Annex C (informative) Example of environmental design of concrete structures during
operation (Use of void slabs) .18
Annex D (informative) Example of environmental retrofitting using concrete masonry unit .21
Bibliography .26
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
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expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 71, Concrete, reinforced concrete and pre-
stressed concrete, Subcommittee SC 8, Environmental management for concrete and concrete structures.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
A list of all parts in the ISO 13315 series can be found on the ISO website.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

Introduction
With their extremely long period of use and large size compared with other industrial products,
concrete structures undergo damage and deterioration during this period due to a variety of mechanical
and environmental actions. Maintenance/remedial activities are therefore carried out during this
period of use to maintain their functions and performances. Remedial activities can also be carried out
to enhance their functions and performances to adapt to changes in the social circumstances. These
activities cause environmental impacts, such as input of resources including repair materials and fuels,
greenhouse gas emissions including CO , and waste disposal including construction wastewater and
concrete rubble. Therefore, environmental management related to maintenance/remedial activities
during the period of use of concrete structures is necessary.
For a concrete building, the energy consumed during the period of its use is known to be greater than
the energy consumed for activities such as the production of raw materials, production/transportation
of concrete, and construction/demolition of the building. Energy consumption for air conditioning,
lighting, etc., and the concomitant emission of greenhouse gas are particularly enormous. Though the
ISO 13315 series does not directly cover energy efficiency of air conditioning and lighting equipment,
it covers the case where reduction in the environmental impacts, such as reduction of energy
consumption, is achieved by utilizing the properties of concrete. This include, for instance, mitigation
of room temperature changes by the thermal mass property of concrete. It also includes the use of
pervious concrete to suppress the heat island phenomenon, which reduces the energy consumption
for air conditioning, with the concomitant reduction in the emission of greenhouse gas. On the other
hand, hazardous substances can leach or radiate from concrete during the period of use of concrete
structures. Therefore, appropriate management of such various environmental influences generated
during the period of use of concrete structures is also necessary.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13315-6:2019(E)
Environmental management for concrete and concrete
structures —
Part 6:
Use of concrete structures
1 Scope
This document provides the principles and procedures of environmental management for maintenance/
remedial activities of concrete structures, and environmental management during the operation of
concrete structures.
When the environmental design of a concrete structure is to be carried out based on ISO 13315-4, this
document provides detailed information on the design for its use stage.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 13315-1, Environmental management for concrete and concrete structures — Part 1: General principles
ISO 13315-2, Environmental management for concrete and concrete structures — Part 2: System boundary
and inventory data
ISO 13315-4, Environmental management for concrete and concrete structures — Part 4: Environmental
design of concrete structures
ISO 14040, Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Principles and framework
ISO 14050, Environmental management — Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 13315-1, ISO 13315-2,
ISO 13315-4, ISO 14040 and ISO 14050 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1
maintenance
light work carried out to maintain the functions and performances of concrete and concrete structures
Note 1 to entry: Maintenance includes visual inspection on foot or by car and investigations for diagnosis.
3.2
remedial activity
construction work carried out to maintain or enhance the functions and performances of concrete and
concrete structures
Note 1 to entry: Remedial activities include repair, rehabilitation, refurbishment, renewal, renovation,
retrofitting, strengthening, and protection against corrosive agents.
3.3
target remedial activity
remedial activity (3.2) for which environmental consideration is given
3.4
reference remedial activity
conventional standard remedial activity (3.2) having the same purpose as the target remedial activity
(3.3) to be used for comparison in environmental management related to remedial activity
3.5
target concrete structure
target structure
concrete structure for which environmental consideration is given
3.6
reference concrete structure
reference structure
standard (concrete) structure having the same structural and durability aspects as a target concrete
structure (3.5) or an existing (concrete) structure prior to environmental improvement, to be used for
comparison in environmental management related to operation of concrete structures
4 Symbols
Symbols used in this document are as follows:
expected or attained environmental performance of the target remedial
P (i)
trem
activity expressed as a function of indicator i;
expected environmental performance of the target remedial activity
e
Pi()
expressed as a function of indicator i;
trem
attained environmental performance of the target remedial activity
a
Pi()
expressed as a function of indicator i;
trem
environmental performance of the reference remedial activity expressed
P (i)
rrem
as a function of indicator i;
environmental performance requirement of the remedial activity
S (i)
rem
expressed as a function of indicator i;
reduction amount of environmental impact of the target remedial activity
a
Ri()
in comparison with the reference remedial activity;
trem
reduction rate of environmental impact of the target remedial activity in
r
Ri()
comparison with the reference remedial activity;
trem
expected or attained environmental performance of the target (concrete)
P (i)
tco
structure during operation expressed as a function of indicator i;
expected environmental performance of the target (concrete) structure
e
Pi()
during operation expressed as a function of indicator i;
tco
2 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

attained environmental performance of the target (concrete) structure
a
Pi()
during operation expressed as a function of indicator i;
tco
environmental performance of the reference (concrete) structure
P (i)
rco
expressed as a function of indicator i;
environmental performance requirement of the (concrete) structure
S (i)
co
during operation expressed as a function of indicator i;
reduction amount of environmental impact of the target (concrete)
a
structure during operation in comparison with the reference (concrete)
Ri()
tco
structure;
reduction rate of environmental impact of the target (concrete) structure
r
Ri()
during operation in comparison with the reference (concrete) structure;
tco
reduction rate of environmental impact in consideration of both remedial
r
Ri()
trem_tco activity and operation of the structure.
5 Principles and procedures for environmental management related to
maintenance/remedial activities of concrete structures
5.1 General
This clause provides the principles and procedures to appropriately carry out environmental
management for maintenance works and various construction works related to remedial activities.
NOTE See ISO 16311-1 regarding general principles of maintenance and remedial activities.
5.2 Maintenance of concrete structures
Since environmental impacts due to maintenance works are generally small, environmental
management can be simplified by either of the following methods:
a) for maintenance works that are repeated on a routine basis, carry out environmental management
by taking up a typical set of works and in consideration of the number of times and frequency;
b) for maintenance works that scarcely generate environmental impacts, exclude these works from
the subject of environmental management with clear documentation.
NOTE 1 Works that are repeated on a routine basis include, for instance, regular visual inspection by car.
NOTE 2 Works that scarcely generate environmental impacts include, for instance, routine looking-around
on foot.
5.3 Remedial activities for concrete structures
5.3.1 General
Environmental management of remedial activities shall be conducted appropriately in accordance with
the following procedure:
a) client briefing (see 5.3.2);
b) setting of environmental performance requirements (see 5.3.3);
c) design (see 5.3.4);
d) estimation (see 5.3.5);
e) verification (see 5.3.6);
f) execution and related works (see 5.3.7);
g) inspection (see 5.3.8);
h) documentation (see 5.3.9).
Figure 1 shows the flow chart of the procedure.
4 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

Figure 1 — Procedure for environmental management of remedial activities
5.3.2 Client briefing
A client brief shall be formulated regarding the environmental aspect required for the target remedial
activities in consideration of the social and economic aspects.
NOTE See ISO 16311-2 regarding assessment of concrete structure.
5.3.3 Setting of environmental performance requirements
5.3.3.1 Selection of impact categories
Based on the client brief, the impact categories to be considered shall be selected from among the
following items:
— global climate change;
— natural resources use;
— stratospheric ozone level;
— land use/habitat alteration;
— eutrophication;
— acidification;
— air pollution;
— water pollution;
— soil contamination;
— pollution due to radioactive substances;
— impacts due to waste generation;
— noise/vibration;
— environmental impact improvement.
NOTE ISO 14040 and ISO 14044 serve as references for selecting impact categories.
5.3.3.2 Setting of indicators
Appropriate indicators shall be set for each category selected.
The reduction amount of environmental impact or the reduction rate of environmental impact of the
target remedial activity in comparison with the reference remedial activity may be used as an indicator.
The environmental performance of the reference remedial activity shall be appropriately estimated.
NOTE ISO 21929-1, ISO/TS 21929-2, ISO 21931-1 and Annex A serve as references for setting indicators.
5.3.3.3 Setting of environmental performance requirements for indicators
An environmental performance requirement shall be set for each indicator.
6 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

The environmental performance requirements shall be quantitatively set in the form of upper limits,
lower limits, or ranges, when the indicators are expressible in numerals.
a
NOTE The reduction amount of environmental impact of the target remedial activity, Ri() , refers to
trem
the difference between the environmental performance of the reference remedial activity and the expected or
attained environmental performance of the target remedial activity. It is defined as Formula (1).
a
Ri()=−Pi() Pi() (1)
trem rremtrem
r
The reduction rate of environmental impact of the target remedial activity, Ri() , refers to the ratio
trem
a
of the reduction of the environmental impact, Ri() , to the environmental performance of the
trem
reference remedial activity. It is defined as Formula (2).
Pi()−Pi()
r rremtrem
Ri()= (2)
trem
Pi()
rrem
5.3.4 Design
Remedial activities shall be designed to meet the environmental performance requirements set in 5.3.3.
Methods to ensure the required environmental performance include, for instance, the following:
a) selection of products, resources, and formwork/false work with low environmental impact (for
example, adopt alternative products/methods, optimize the transportation routes, etc.);
b) selection of energy sources with low environmental impact (for example, adopt renewable energy
sources);
c) selection of machinery/equipment with low environmental impact (for example, adopt hybrid
heavy machinery);
d) appropriate control/disposal of substances discharged on the site;
e) application of appropriate soundproof/vibration-proof measures (for example, install
soundproof walls).
NOTE See ISO 16311-3 regarding design of remedial activities.
5.3.5 Estimation
Each of the expected environmental performances of the remedial activity designed in 5.3.4 shall be
estimated.
5.3.6 Verification
Verification shall be made as to whether or not each of the expected environmental performances,
estimated in 5.3.5, meets the performance requirements set in 5.3.3. If any of the expected
environmental performances fails to meet the performance requirements, then re-design shall be
conducted by returning to 5.3.4. If the re-design fails to meet the requirements, the environmental
performance requirements shall be reviewed by returning to 5.3.3. If the re-design fails to meet the
reviewed environmental performance requirements, client briefing shall be carried out again by
returning to 5.3.2.
When it is impossible to formulate and execute environmental design that meets the environmental
performance requirements, the project can be cancelled.
5.3.7 Execution and related works
Construction works shall be carried out based on the design of the remedial activity, and necessary
data shall be acquired. Based on the acquired data, each of the attained environmental performances of
the remedial activity shall be confirmed.
NOTE See ISO 16311-4 regarding execution of remedial activities.
5.3.8 Inspection
Inspection shall be conducted as to whether or not the attained environmental performances meet
the environmental performance requirements. If the performances fail to meet the requirements, the
causes shall be analysed to contribute to the improvement of remedial activities in the future.
5.3.9 Documentation
All information related to the environmental management of remedial activities shall be recorded
regardless of the results of verification and inspection, and the record shall be stored by the designer of
remedial activities and the owner of the concrete structure for the required period.
Information related to the environmental management of remedial activities should preferably be used
to help the planning of similar projects.
6 Principles and procedures for environmental management during operation
of concrete structures
6.1 General
This clause provides the principles and procedures to appropriately carry out the environmental
management during the operation of concrete structures.
Environmental management during the operation of concrete structures shall appropriately be
conducted in accordance with the following procedure:
a) client briefing (see 6.2);
b) setting of environmental performance requirements (see 6.3);
c) design (see 6.4);
d) estimation (see 6.5);
e) verification (see 6.6);
f) execution and related works (see 6.7);
g) inspection (see 6.8);
h) documentation (see 6.9).
Figure 2 shows the flow chart of the procedure.
8 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

Figure 2 — Procedure for environmental management during operation of concrete structures
6.2 Client briefing
A client brief shall be formulated regarding the environmental aspect related to the intended functions
of concrete and concrete structures during their operation, in consideration of the social and economic
aspects.
NOTE 1 The use of concrete and concrete structure has negative and beneficial environmental impacts during
their operation.
— Negative impacts include, for instance, emission of ammonia, radiation of radioactive radon contained in
aggregate, and leaching of heavy metals from underground concrete structures in an environment with a
constant stream of groundwater.
— Beneficial impacts include, for instance, reductions in the consumption of fuels for air conditioning and
emission of greenhouse gas by utilizing the thermal mass effect of concrete, water purification and suppression
of the heat island phenomenon by utilizing pervious concrete, and reduction in CO in the atmosphere due to
concrete carbonation.
NOTE 2 Annex B serves as a reference for methods of environmental consideration for concrete and concrete
structures in operation.
6.3 Setting of environmental performance requirements
6.3.1 Selection of impact categories
Based on the client brief, the impact categories to be considered shall be selected from among the
following items:
— global climate change;
— natural resources use;
— stratospheric ozone level;
— land use/habitat alteration;
— eutrophication;
— acidification;
— air pollution;
— water po
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