ISO 22447:2019

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22447
First edition
2019-11
Industrial wastewater classification
Reference number
©
ISO 2019
© ISO 2019
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ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 1
3.1 Terms and definitions . 1
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 3
4 Classification of industrial wastewater . 3
4.1 Classification principle and code structure for industrial wastewater classification. 3
4.1.1 Classification principle . 3
4.1.2 Code structure . 4
4.2 Classification of industrial wastewater based on industrial types (Level 1) . 5
4.3 Classification of industrial wastewater based on water quality parameters (Level 2) .10
Annex A (informative) Classification and reuse by case study .14
Bibliography .18
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
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electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
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iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 282, Water reuse, Subcommittee SC 4,
Industrial water reuse.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

Introduction
Industrial wastewater is produced by many kinds of industries. In some parts of the world, climate
change is putting water resources under stress. Treatment of industrial wastewater provides an
opportunity for resource recovery, which can help to drought-proof ongoing operations. Reclaiming
and reusing industrial wastewater reduces demands on limited freshwater resources, as well as the
amount of wastewater and the associated contaminants that are released to the environment. How to
process and reuse industrial wastewater efficiently is a great challenge as wastewater characteristics
are as complex and varied as the industries that produce these waste-streams. Industrial wastewater
contains a wide range of inorganic and complex organic contaminants, with various concentrations
and almost as wide a range of potential physical, chemical and biological treatment processes and
has specific treated water quality required for reuse. A clear ISO industrial wastewater classification
and coding system is needed to assist both industry and government to record the information of
wastewater (including industrial type and water quality parameter) and provide some information
on identifying best available control technologies and treatment performance capabilities in order to
establish reasonable expectations and facilitate the development of universal wastewater treatment
technologies in industrial reuse, and promote the information communication during commercial
trade, for example, bidding, consultation, and so on.
The industrial wastewater classification system described in this document covers the basic and most
important information required to properly characterize industrial process waste-streams to quickly
determine the requirement of the appropriate treatment or reuse technology options for specific
industries, reduce operating costs for enterprises, and ultimately promote the systematic development
of process water treatment and reuse technologies for industrial application. For the government and
large corporations, a more important usage of the classification and coding system is to help them with
establishment and improvement of standards concerning discharge and reuse of industrial wastewater.
This document provides a wastewater classification framework and coding system, along with a water
quality parameter list. The usages of the classification and coding system facing different users, namely
the entrepreneur or the government, are provided in Annex A. It is intended that this classification
system will help to promote understanding between different business parties, governments, to
collaboratively develop wastewater treatment and reuse technologies among different countries,
improve the efficiency of industrial wastewater reuse, and save and protect environment. Due to the
similar nature, it may also apply for the wastewater treatment concerning discharge.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22447:2019(E)
Industrial wastewater classification
1 Scope
This document specifies the principles, categories, and codes for the classification of industrial
wastewater and is applicable to all types and sources of industrial wastewater. It provides a broad
framework classifying industrial wastewater into different categories based on industry type and the
associated water quality constituents, namely physical, chemical and biological characteristics with a
specific code assigned based on both industry type and waste-stream classification.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.1.1
biochemical oxygen demand
BOD
mass concentration of dissolved oxygen consumed under specified conditions by the aerobic biological
oxidation of a chemical compound or organic matter in water
Note 1 to entry: BOD : Degradation time = 5 days; Temperature = 20 °C.
[SOURCE: ISO 9408:1999]
3.1.2
chemical oxygen demand
COD
mass concentration of oxygen equivalent to the amount of dichromate consumed by dissolved and
suspended matter when a water sample is treated with that oxidant under defined conditions
[SOURCE: ISO 6107-2:2006]
3.1.3
EC
concentration estimated to cause an effect on a test end-point in 50 % of an exposed population over a
defined exposed period
[SOURCE: ISO 16387:2014]
3.1.4
free chlorine
chlorine present in the form of hypochlorous acid, hypochlorite ions or dissolved elemental chlorine
[SOURCE: ISO 7027:1999]
3.1.5
total coliforms
group of aerobic and facultatively anaerobic Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, lactose-fermenting
bacteria which typically inhabit the large intestine of man and animals
[SOURCE: ISO 6107-7:2006]
3.1.6
total dissolved solids (TDS)
weight of inorganic and organic matter in true solution per unit volume of water
[SOURCE: ISO 16345:2014]
3.1.7
total hardness
total concentration of calcium and magnesium
[SOURCE: ISO 6059:1984]
3.1.8
total kjeldahl nitrogen
TKN
concentration of organic nitrogen and ammoniacal nitrogen in a sample, determined under specified
conditions based on digestion with sulfuric acid
[SOURCE: ISO 6107-8:1993]
3.1.9
total nitrogen
sum of total kjeldahl nitrogen (3.1.8) (ammonia, organic and reduced nitrogen) and nitrate-nitrite
3.1.10
total organic carbon
TOC
all the carbon present in organic matter which is dissolved and suspended in the water
[SOURCE: ISO 11733:2004]
3.1.11
total phosphorus
sum of all phosphorus compounds that occur in various forms
3.1.12
total residual chlorine
chlorine present in the form of free chlorine (3.1.4) or combined chlorine, or both
[SOURCE: ISO 7027:1999]
3.1.13
total solids
TS
sum of dissolved and suspended solids
[SOURCE: ISO 6107-2:2006]
2 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

3.1.14
total suspended solids
TSS
weight of particulates, both organic and inorganic, suspended, but not dissolved, per unit of water
[SOURCE: ISO 16345:2014]
3.1.15
turbidity
reduction of transparency of a liquid caused by the presence of undissolved matter
[SOURCE: ISO 7027:1999]
3.1.16
96 h LC
bioassay determining the dilution of an effluent which causes the death of 50 % (one half) of a group of
test animals (typically rainbow trout) after exposure for 96 hours
3.2 Abbreviated terms
BOD biochemical oxygen demand after 5 days
COD chemical oxygen demand
DO dissolved oxygen
EC electrical conductivity
FOG fat, oil and grease
n.e.c. not elsewhere classified
SDI silting density index
TDS total dissolved solids
TKN total Kjeldahl nitrogen
TN total nitrogen
TOC total organic carbon
TOD total oxygen demand
TP total phosphorus
TS total solids
TSS total suspended solids
4 Classification of industrial wastewater
4.1 Classification principle and code structure for industrial wastewater classification
4.1.1 Classification principle
Industrial processes, even in the same industry (e.g. pulp and paper), characteristically generate
different distinctive waste-streams as a result of differences between production processes.
Consequently, the effectiveness of a particular technology or a group of technologies can be expected to
be varied, and require different wastewater treatment processes and reuse technologies.
In this document, hierarchical classification is used to classify different levels of industrial wastewater
based on: type of the industry (Level 1) and water quality parameters (e.g. pH, TSS, TDS, COD, TN and
TP) (Level 2). The relationship between different levels is shown in Figure 1. Level 1 and Level 2 have a
progressive relationship.
This classification system defines the basic and most important characteristics of industrial wastewater
from different dimensions. It is intended to guide technology selection and design for industrial
wastewater treatment and reuse. Although some reference codes are provided in this document, the
relevant and suitable parameters can be selected according to local industrial wastewater quality and
technological conditions in different countries or regions.
Figure 1 — Relationship between different levels
...