Petroleum products and related products — Determination of kinematic viscosity — Method by Stabinger type viscometer

This document specifies a procedure for the determination of kinematic viscosity (ν) at 40 °C in the range from 2 mm2/s to 6 mm2/s by calculation from dynamic viscosity (η) and density (ρ) of middle distillate fuels, fatty acid methyl ester fuels (FAME) and mixtures of these using the Stabinger type viscometer. The result obtained using the procedure described in this document depends on the rheological behaviour of the sample. This document is predominantly applicable to liquids whose shear stress and shear rate are proportional (Newtonian flow behaviour). However, if the viscosity changes significantly with the shear rate, comparison with other measuring methods is only permissible at similar shear rates.

Produits pétroliers et produits connexes — Détermination de la viscosité cinématique — Méthode avec un viscosimètre type Stabinger

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Status
Published
Publication Date
16-Jul-2020
Current Stage
9092 - International Standard to be revised
Completion Date
23-Feb-2022
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 23581
First edition
2020-07
Petroleum products and related
products — Determination of
kinematic viscosity — Method by
Stabinger type viscometer
Reference number
ISO 23581:2020(E)
©
ISO 2020

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 23581:2020(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 23581:2020(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Reagents and materials . 2
6 Apparatus . 3
6.1 General . 3
6.2 Stabinger type viscometer . 3
6.2.1 Viscosity measurement . 3
6.2.2 Density measurement . 3
6.2.3 Temperature control . . 4
6.2.4 Stability . 4
7 Sampling and sample handling . 4
7.1 Sampling . 4
7.2 Sample handling . 4
8 Calibration and verification . 4
8.1 General . 4
8.2 Instrument . 4
9 Apparatus preparation . 5
10 Procedure. 5
10.1 Filling and cleaning . 5
10.2 Manual filling and cleaning using syringes . 5
10.3 Manual filling using sample displacement . 6
10.4 Automatic filling and cleaning by a sample changer . 6
11 Calculation . 7
12 Expression of results . 7
13 Precision . 7
13.1 General . 7
13.2 Repeatability, r . 7
13.3 Reproducibility, R . 8
13.4 Bias . 8
14 Test report . 8
Bibliography . 9
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved iii

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO 23581:2020(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 28, Petroleum and related products, fuels
and lubricants from natural or synthetic sources, in collaboration with the European Committee for
Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 19, Gaseous and liquid fuels, lubricants and related
products of petroleum, synthetic and biological origin, in accordance with the Agreement on technical
cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23581:2020(E)
Petroleum products and related products —
Determination of kinematic viscosity — Method by
Stabinger type viscometer
WARNING — The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and
equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated
with its use. It is the responsibility of users of this document to take appropriate measures to
ensure the safety and health of personnel prior to application of this document and fulfil other
applicable requirements for this purpose.
1 Scope
This document specifies a procedure for the determination of kinematic viscosity (ν) at 40 °C in the
2 2
range from 2 mm /s to 6 mm /s by calculation from dynamic viscosity (η) and density (ρ) of middle
distillate fuels, fatty acid methyl ester fuels (FAME) and mixtures of these using the Stabinger type
viscometer.
The result obtained using the procedure described in this document depends on the rheological
behaviour of the sample. This document is predominantly applicable to liquids whose shear stress and
shear rate are proportional (Newtonian flow behaviour). However, if the viscosity changes significantly
with the shear rate, comparison with other measuring methods is only permissible at similar shear rates.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3104, Petroleum products — Transparent and opaque liquids — Determination of kinematic viscosity
and calculation of dynamic viscosity
ISO 3170, Petroleum liquids — Manual sampling
ISO 3171, Petroleum liquids — Automatic pipeline sampling
ISO 12185, Crude petroleum and petroleum products — Determination of density — Oscillating U-tube
method
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
dynamic viscosity
η
ratio of the applied shear stress to the resulting shear rate of a liquid
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved 1

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
ISO 23581:2020(E)

3.2
kinematic viscosity
ν
ratio of the dynamic viscosity (3.1) to the density (3.3) of a liquid at the same temperature and pressure
Note 1 to entry: The kinematic viscosity is a measure of a liquid's resistance to flow under gravity.
3.3
density
ρ
mass of a substance divided by its volume at a given temperature
3.4
determinability
d
quantitative measure of the variability associated with the same operator in a given laboratory,
obtaining successive determined values using the same apparatus for a series of operations leading to a
single result, defined as the difference between two such single determined values
4 Principle
A test portion of a sample is introduced into the measuring cells, which are at closely controlled and
known temperature. The measuring cells consist of a pair of rotating concentric cylinders and an
oscillating U-tube. The dynamic viscosity is determined from the equilibrium rotational speed of the
inner cylinder under the influence of the shear stress of the test specimen and an eddy current brake in
conjunction with adjustment data. The density is determined by the oscillation frequency of the U-tube
in conjunction with adjustment data. The kinematic viscosity is calculated by dividing the dynamic
viscosity by the density.
5 Reagents and materials
5.1 Cleaning solvent, able to remove the sample from the measuring cell after the measurement and
be completely miscible with all constituents of the sample.
5.2 Drying solvent, highly volatile and miscible with the cleaning solvent, shall be filtered before use
and of an appropriate purity so that it does not leave any residues in the instrument.
NOTE 1 A separate drying solvent is not needed if the cleaning solvent also meets the requirements of the
drying solvent.
NOTE 2 Commercially available volatile petroleum spirit or cleaner's naphtha of technical grade or better has
proven suitable.
5.3 Compressed air, oil-free and filtered with a dew point considerably lower than the lowest
measuring cell temperature at which the instrument should be dried.
The pressure should be limited to 100 kPa.
Instead of compressed air, it is also possible to use inert gases, for example technical nitrogen. The
requirements given for compressed air are also valid here.
5.4 Certified reference liquids for
...

FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 23581
ISO/TC 28
Petroleum products and related
Secretariat: NEN
products — Determination of
Voting begins on:
2020­04­08 kinematic viscosity — Method by
Stabinger type viscosimeter
Voting terminates on:
2020­06­03
Produits pétroliers et produits connexes — Détermination de la
viscosité cinématique — Méthode avec le viscosimètre Stabinger
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO­
ISO/FDIS 23581:2020(E)
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN­
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
©
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. ISO 2020

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 23581:2020(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH­1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 23581:2020(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Reagents and materials . 2
6 Apparatus . 3
6.1 General . 3
6.2 Stabinger type viscosimeter . 3
6.2.1 Viscosity measurement . 3
6.2.2 Density measurement . 3
6.2.3 Temperature control . . 4
6.2.4 Stability . 4
7 Sampling and sample handling . 4
7.1 Sampling . 4
7.2 Sample handling . 4
8 Calibration and verification . 4
8.1 General . 4
8.2 Instrument . 4
9 Apparatus preparation . 5
10 Procedure. 5
10.1 Filling and cleaning . 5
10.2 Manual filling and cleaning using syringes . 5
10.3 Manual filling using sample displacement . 6
10.4 Automatic filling and cleaning by a sample changer . 6
11 Calculation . 7
12 Expression of results . 7
13 Precision . 7
13.1 General . 7
13.2 Repeatability, r . 7
13.3 Reproducibility, R . 8
13.4 Bias . 8
14 Test report . 8
Bibliography . 9
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved iii

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 23581:2020(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non­governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 28, Petroleum and related products, fuels
and lubricants from natural or synthetic sources, in collaboration with the European Committee for
Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 19, Gaseous and liquid fuels, lubricants and related
products of petroleum, synthetic and biological origin, in accordance with the Agreement on technical
cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 23581:2020(E)
Petroleum products and related products —
Determination of kinematic viscosity — Method by
Stabinger type viscosimeter
WARNING — The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and
equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated
with its use. It is the responsibility of users of this document to take appropriate measures to
ensure the safety and health of personnel prior to application of this document and fulfil other
applicable requirements for this purpose.
1 Scope
This document specifies a procedure for the determination of kinematic viscosity (ν) at 40 °C in the
2 2
range from 2 mm /s to 6 mm /s by calculation from dynamic viscosity (η) and density (ρ) of middle
distillate fuels, fatty acid methyl ester fuels (FAME) and mixtures of these using the Stabinger type
viscosimeter.
The result obtained using the procedure described in this document depends on the rheological
behaviour of the sample. This document is predominantly applicable to liquids whose shear stress and
shear rate are proportional (Newtonian flow behaviour). However, if the viscosity changes significantly
with the shear rate, comparison with other measuring methods is only permissible at similar shear rates.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3104, Petroleum products — Transparent and opaque liquids — Determination of kinematic viscosity
and calculation of dynamic viscosity
ISO 3170, Petroleum liquids — Manual sampling
ISO 3171, Petroleum liquids — Automatic pipeline sampling
ISO 12185, Crude petroleum and petroleum products — Determination of density — Oscillating U-tube
method
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
dynamic viscosity
η
ratio of the applied shear stress to the resulting shear rate of a liquid
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved 1

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 23581:2020(E)

3.2
kinematic viscosity
ν
ratio of the dynamic viscosity (3.1) to the density (3.3) of a liquid at the same temperature and pressure
Note 1 to entry: The kinematic viscosity is a measure of a liquid's resistance to flow under gravity.
3.3
density
ρ
mass of a substance divided by its volume at a given temperature
3.4
determinability
d
quantitative measure of the variability associated with the same operator in a given laboratory,
obtaining successive determined values using the same apparatus for a series of operations leading to a
single result, defined as the difference between two such single determined values
4 Principle
A test portion of a sample is introduced into the measuring cells, which are at closely controlled and
known temperature. The measuring cells consist of a pair of rotating concentric cylinders and an
oscillating U-tube. The dynamic viscosity is determined from the equilibrium rotational speed of the
inner cylinder under the influence of the shear stress of the test specimen and an eddy current brake in
conjunction with adjustment data. The density is determined by the oscillation frequency of the U-tube
in conjunction with adjustment data. The kinematic viscosity is calculated by dividing the dynamic
viscosity by the density.
5 Reagents and materials
5.1 Cleaning solvent, able to remove the sample from the measuring cell after the measurement and
be completely miscible with all constituents of the sample.
5.2 Drying solvent, highly volatile and miscible with the cleaning solvent, shall be filtered before use
and of an appropriate purity so that it does not leave any residues in the instrument.
NOTE 1 A separate drying solvent is not needed if the cleaning solvent also meets the requirements of the
drying solvent.
NOTE 2 Commercially available volatile petroleum spirit or cleaner's naphtha of technical grade or better has
proven suitable.
5.3 Compressed air, oil-free and fil
...

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