ISO 14084-1:2015

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 14084-1
First edition
2015-06-01
Process diagrams for power plants —
Part 1:
Specification for diagrams
Schémas de procédés pour centrales électriques —
Partie 1: Spécifications pour diagrammes
Reference number
ISO 14084-1:2015(E)
©
ISO 2015

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ISO 14084-1:2015(E)

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© ISO 2015, Published in Switzerland
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ISO 14084-1:2015(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Basic aspects for process diagrams for power plants . 2
4.1 General . 2
4.2 Diagram types and interrelations . 2
4.3 Life cycle aspects . 3
4.4 Contents of information in diagrams . 3
5 Diagram types and content . 4
5.1 General . 4
5.2 Block diagram (BLD). 4
5.2.1 Description . . . 4
5.2.2 Application . 4
5.2.3 Contents . . 4
5.2.4 Representation . 5
5.3 Process flow diagram (PFD) . 5
5.3.1 Description . . . 5
5.3.2 Application . 5
5.3.3 Contents . . 5
5.3.4 Representation . 6
5.3.5 Other types of process flow diagrams . 6
5.4 Process and instrumentation diagram (PID) . 7
5.4.1 Description . . . 7
5.4.2 Application . 7
5.4.3 Contents . . 7
5.4.4 Representation . 8
5.5 Process control diagram . 8
5.5.1 Description . . . 8
5.5.2 Application . 8
5.5.3 Contents . . 8
5.5.4 Representation . 9
5.6 Typical diagram . 9
5.6.1 Description . . . 9
5.6.2 Application . 9
5.6.3 Contents . . 9
5.6.4 Representation .10
6 Representation subjects .10
6.1 General .10
6.2 Document sheet issues .10
6.3 Technical information .10
6.4 Graphical symbols .11
6.4.1 General.11
6.4.2 Graphical symbols for power plant diagrams .11
6.4.3 Extension of information .11
6.4.4 Combination of graphical symbols .12
6.4.5 Representation of complex/large objects in diagrams .12
6.5 Connections .12
6.5.1 General.12
6.5.2 Indication of flow directions .13
6.5.3 Indication of pipe dimension .13
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ISO 14084-1:2015(E)

6.5.4 Change of dimension on pipelines .13
6.5.5 Representation of connection lines .13
6.6 Measurement and control .14
6.7 Non-object symbols .14
6.8 Reference designation .14
6.8.1 General.14
6.8.2 Representation and location . .14
6.8.3 Reference designations for pipelines .15
Annex A (informative) Non-object symbols, etc. .16
Annex B (informative) Diagram examples .18
Annex C (informative) Reference designation for power plants .25
Annex D (informative) Reference designation symbols .27
Bibliography .28
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ISO 14084-1:2015(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any
patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on
the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT), see the following URL: Foreword — Supplementary information.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 10, Technical product documentation, SC 10,
Process plant documentation.
ISO 14084 consists of the following parts, under the general title Process diagrams for power plants:
— Part 1: Specification for diagrams
— Part 2: Graphical symbols
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ISO 14084-1:2015(E)

Introduction
0.1 General
This part of ISO 14084 deals with preparation of process diagrams for power plants.
ISO/TC10/SC10 prepares standards for diagrams including graphical symbols which together with
standards prepared by other ISO committees and IEC constitute the basis for preparation of diagrams
for process industry.
The interrelations between these standards are illustrated in Figure 1. Standards in bold are ISO/TC10/
SC10 standards.
Graphical symbols Document standards
-ISO/IEC 81714series -ISO 5457
-ISO 14617 series -ISO 7200
-ISO 1219 -1 * -ISO 7573
Reference designation Diagram standards for Document management
process industry
-IEC/ISO 81346 series -ISO 11442
-ISO 15519 series
-ISO/TS 16952-10 -IEC 82045 series
-ISO 1219-2 *
Vocabulary Drawing standards
-ISO 10209 -ISO128 series
-ISO 5598 -ISO129 series
NOTE Standards marked * are collective application standards.
Figure 1 — Interrelations between ISO and IEC standards for diagrams for power plants
0.2 Collective application standard
ISO/TC10/SC10 standards:
— ISO 15519 series: Specifications for diagrams for process industry;
— ISO 14617 series: Graphical symbols for diagrams;
These are basic standards, which are general and apply to all fields of applications. Technical committees
working in a specific application field are allowed to make extracts and publish them as collective
application standards of ISO 15519 series, ISO 14617 series, or both.
0.3 Application fields
This part of ISO 14084 applies to the power plant field, which includes conventional fossil and biomass-
fired power plants, hydropower plants, sea wave power plants, wind power plants, nuclear power plants,
geothermal power plants, solar power plants, osmosis power plants, incineration plants, and industrial
power plants.
0.4 Figures
Figures in this part of ISO 14084 are only examples for illustration of a given rule.
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0.5 Reference designation
In this part of ISO 14084, ISO/TS 16952-10 is used for illustration of rules and guidelines for the use of
reference designation in process diagrams for power plants.
A summary of ISO/TS 16952-10 is given in Annex C.
NOTE In case of application of another reference designation system, its application in diagrams has to be
interpreted analogously.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14084-1:2015(E)
Process diagrams for power plants —
Part 1:
Specification for diagrams
1 Scope
This part of ISO 14084 specifies types of process diagrams for power plants and rules and guidelines for
the preparation and representation of information in such diagrams.
This part of ISO 14084 series is a collective application standard of the ISO 15519 series.
This part of ISO 14084 does not apply to electrotechnical diagrams, which are covered by IEC 61082, and
to fluid power diagrams, which are covered by ISO 1219-2.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 10209, Technical product documentation — Vocabulary — Terms relating to technical drawings,
product definition and related documentation
ISO 14617 (all parts), Graphical symbols for diagrams
ISO 15519 (all parts), Specification for diagrams for process industry
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in the ISO 15519 (all parts) and
ISO 10209, and the following apply.
3.1
block diagram
BLD
overview diagram predominantly using block symbols
[SOURCE: ISO 10209:2012, modified]
3.2
process flow diagram
PFD
diagram illustrating the configuration of a process system or process plant by means of graphical symbols
[SOURCE: ISO 10209:2012, modified]
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3.3
process and instrumentation diagram
PID
diagram representing the technical realization of a process system by means of graphical symbols for
equipment, process flow path and process measurement, and control functions
Note 1 to entry: The diagram type process and instrumentation diagram, used in this part of ISO 14084, is
technically identical with the piping and instrumentation diagram. The argument for change of the designation
in this part of ISO 14084 is that the power plant field uses this document type for both fluid and solid material
processes. The abbreviation — used in this part of ISO 14084 — for the process and instrumentation diagram
is PID which deviates from the traditional used abbreviation P&ID for the piping and instrumentation diagram.
3.4
process control diagram
PCD
diagram representing the configuration of the measuring, control, and actuating functions of a system
or sub-system
3.5
typical diagram
TYD
diagram representing the detailed configuration of a complex object by means of graphical symbols
EXAMPLE Pneumatic control valve with positioner, instrument air supply, etc.
4 Basic aspects for process diagrams for power plants
4.1 General
This clause introduces the standard and gives an overview of the topics dealt within the standard.
The clause also gives information about topics dealt with in other standards dealing with technical
documentation of process plants.
As a collective application standard of ISO 15519-1, the rules and guidelines given in ISO 15519-1 also
apply for this part of ISO 14084.
The collective application standard concept allows adding of additional rules and guidelines which apply
to the actual application field — in this part of ISO 14084 the power plant field.
4.2 Diagram types and interrelations
This part of ISO 14084 deals with five types of diagrams for use in the power plant field as listed in
Table 1. The table also includes abbreviations used in this part of ISO 14084 and document classification
code according to IEC 613551.
ISO 11005 and IEC 61027 provide rules for applying a method of structuring technical information and
documentation.
Table 1 — Diagram designation, abbreviation, and coding
Diagram designation Diagram abbreviation DCC code ref.
used in this part of ISO 14084 IEC 61355–1
Block diagram BLD FB
Process flow diagram PFD FB
Process and instrumentation diagram PID FB
Process control diagram PCD FA
Typical diagram TYD FB
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The hierarchical relations between above diagram types are illustrated in Figure 2.
Key
1 block diagram
2 process flow diagram
3 process control diagram
4 process and instrumentation diagram
5 typical diagram
Figure 2 — Hierarchical relations between diagram types for power plants
Description, application, representation of diagrams and their contents are described in Clause 5.
4.3 Life cycle aspects
The diagram types illustrated in 4.2 are all intended to contain differentiated types and amount of
information to suit the needs of the actual life cycle stage(s) of a power plant. Figure 3 illustrates the
application of four diagram types during major life cycle stages and the graduated application value of
the diagrams in the different life cycle stages represented by the width of the bar.
Figure 3 — Illustration of life cycle application value of diagrams for power plants
4.4 Contents of information in diagrams
Diagrams shall, depending of type and main application, contain information in the form of
— graphical symbols representing functions, objects, and connections,
— technical information, and
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ISO 14084-1:2015(E)

— reference designation
sufficient for “reading” and interpretation functionality of represented system/sub-system without
consulting further technical descriptions.
The amount of the complete technical information of an object of which some is represented directly in
diagrams and some in item lists or data bases – is a balance of:
— the user of the diagram and the user’s access to technical information in other media, e.g. item
lists, data bases;
— the technology used for development of diagrams – traditional 2D CAD or advanced data based
development tools with screen access to all information stored in data bases;
— the needs from different user groups access to information to perform their job, e.g. control room
personnel, maintenance personnel;
— the differentiating needs in life cycle phases.
5 Diagram types and content
5.1 General
This clause deals for each type of diagram with the following:
— description and application of the diagram;
— specification of basic and additional information;
— representation in diagrams.
Application examples of process diagrams for power plants are given in Annex B.
Explanation of terms used for specification of and requirements to reference designation, are given in
Annex C.
5.2 Block diagram (BLD)
5.2.1 Description
Block diagrams are overview diagrams predominately using block symbols.
5.2.2 Application
Block diagrams are used on a superior level for simplified representation of the main processes and
main flow of media and energy.
5.2.3 Contents
The block diagram shall contain following basic information. Additional information can be added if
required (see Table 2).
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Table 2 — Basic and additional information for block diagrams
Aspect Basic information Additional information
Graphical symbols —  graphical symbols for process systems —  graphical symbols for special objects
and connections represented by frames
—  connections (functional) with indica-
tion of flow direction
Reference designa- —  reference designation on breakdown level
tion 1 (See Annex C)
Technical informa- —  denomination of the process which the —  ingoing and outgoing mass and energy
tion frame represents flows
—  mass and energy flows between the
frames
—  characteristic operation conditions
Diagram informa- —  denomination of ingoing and outgoing —  denomination of main flows between the
tion process media and energy flows frames
—  directions of main flows between
frames
5.2.4 Representation
In block diagrams, frames are used to represent processes and connection lines between the frames to
represent process media and energy flows.
See example(s) in Annex B.
5.3 Process flow diagram (PFD)
5.3.1 Description
Process flow diagrams are diagrams illustrating the configuration of a process plant or system by means
of graphical symbols.
5.3.2 Application
Process flow diagrams are used for project planning and coordination especially in the
conceptual/permitting engineering phase and procurement phase.
Process flow diagrams form the basis for the preparation of process and instrumentation diagrams and
process control diagrams
A process flow diagram can represent major plant system groups (like boiler-turbine/water steam cycle
or a utility system, e.g. central cooling system).
5.3.3 Contents
The process flow diagram shall contain following basic information. Additional information can be
added if required (see Table 3).
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Table 3 — Basic and additional information for process flow diagram
Aspect Basic information Additional information
Graphical symbols —  general graphical symbols for process —  for safety systems and safety equipment
and connections equipment, valve actuators, PCI symbols
—  for measuring devices essential for control
for measurement, and actuation
and supervision of the process including pri-
—  general graphical symbols for connec- mary control loops
tions
—  for functionality of main process control
objects, e.g. fail safe close for valve actuators,
variable speed control of pumps
—  specific graphical symbols for, for example,
valve actuators
Reference —  process equipment, process control —  process equipment, process control ele-
designation elements, and connections on breakdown ments and connections on breakdown level 1
level 1 and 2,
Technical  —  characteristic operation conditions, e.g.
information flow rates, pressure, temperature
—  supplementary operation conditions
—  characteristic data of equipment
—  names of essential equipment
—  design parameters, e.g. pressure, tempera-
ture, flow
—  denomination of drives and characteristic
data of drives
—  dimension of main piping, ducts, etc.
Diagram —  denomination of ingoing and outgoing —  interface between suppliers, partners, etc.
information systems
NOTE PCI is the abbreviation for Process Control Information symbol – traditional a circle – in which are
specified the type and application of the measured value and the reference designation as described in ISO 15519-2.
5.3.4 Representation
In process flow diagrams, graphical symbols from ISO 14084-2 are used to represent process objects
like boilers, turbines, pumps, heat exchangers, and connection lines to represent pipelines.
In process flow diagrams on basic level, conveyors diagrams for transportation of bulk materials can be
represented by connection lines.
Redundant process equipment, e.g. three 50% pumps, can be shown with a single graphical symbol and
the redundancy shown, for example, with denomination by 3 × 50%.
See examples in Annex B.
5.3.5 Other types of process flow diagrams
Besides the general process flow diagram described in this part of ISO 14084, this diagram type is also
used for other application purposes, e.g.
— heat and mass balance diagrams in the form of plotted calculation results of heat balance
modelling software;
— water balance diagrams;
— special process flow diagrams for authority permitting application.
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