Cranes - Wire ropes - Care and maintenance, inspection and discard

ISO 4309:2010 establishes general principles for the care and maintenance, and inspection and discard of steel wire ropes used on cranes and hoists. It is applicable to those ropes used on the following types of cranes, the majority of which are defined in ISO 4306‑1: cable and portal cable cranes; cantilever cranes (pillar jib, wall or walking); deck cranes; derrick and guy derrick cranes; derrick cranes with rigid bracing; floating cranes; mobile cranes; overhead travelling cranes; portal or semi-portal bridge cranes; portal or semi-portal cranes; railway cranes; tower cranes; offshore cranes.

Appareils de levage à charge suspendue — Câbles — Entretien et maintenance, inspection et dépose

L'ISO 4309:2010 établit des principes généraux pour l'entretien et la maintenance, l'inspection et la dépose de câbles en acier utilisés sur des appareils de levage et des palans. Elle est applicable aux câbles utilisés sur les types suivants d'appareils de levage, dont la plupart sont définis dans l'ISO 4306‑1: blondins et ponts portiques à câbles; grues à potence (sur colonne, murales, vélocipèdes); grues de bord; grues-derricks et grues-derricks à haubans; grues-derricks à appui rigide; grues flottantes; grues mobiles; ponts roulants; ponts portiques ou semi-portiques; grues sur portique ou semi-portique; grues sur voie ferrée; grues à tour; grues offshore.

Žerjavi - Žične vrvi - Previdnost, vzdrževanje, pregledi in izločanje

Ta mednarodni standard določa splošna načela za previdnost in vzdrževanje ter preglede in izločanje jeklenih žičnih vrvi, ki se uporabljajo pri žerjavih in dvigalih. Ta mednarodni standard se uporablja za tiste vrvi, ki se uporabljajo pri naslednjih vrstah žerjavov, pri čemer je večina žerjavov opredeljena v standardu ISO 4306-1: a) kabelski in portalni kabelski žerjavi; b) konzolni žerjavi (stebrni žerjavi z ročico, stenski ali premični); c) ploščadni žerjavi; d) igličasti žerjavi in igličasti žerjavi z žično oporo; e) igličasti žerjavi s togo oporo; f) plavajoči žerjavi; g) premični žerjavi; h) tekalni žerjavi; i) kozičasti ali polkozičasti žerjavi; j) portalni ali polportalni žerjavi; k) železniški žerjavi; l) stolpni žerjavi; m) žerjavi na plavajočih objektih, tj. žerjavi, ki so postavljeni na fiksni konstrukciji, ki jo podpira morsko dno, ali na plavajoči enoti, ki jo podpirajo sile plovnosti.

General Information

Status
Withdrawn
Publication Date
26-Jul-2010
Withdrawal Date
26-Jul-2010
Current Stage
9599 - Withdrawal of International Standard
Start Date
30-Nov-2017
Completion Date
13-Dec-2025

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Standards Content (Sample)


INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 4309
Fourth edition
2010-08-01
Cranes — Wire ropes — Care and
maintenance, inspection and discard
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue — Câbles — Entretien
et maintenance, inspection et dépose

Reference number
©
ISO 2010
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©  ISO 2010
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ii © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Terms and definitions. 2
4 Care and maintenance. 3
4.1 General. 3
4.2 Rope replacement. 3
4.3 Offloading and storing the rope . 5
4.4 Condition of the rope prior to installation. 5
4.5 Installing the rope. 5
4.6 Running-in the new rope. 8
4.7 Maintaining the rope. 9
4.8 Maintenance of rope-related parts of the crane . 9
5 Inspection . 10
5.1 General. 10
5.2 Daily visual inspection . 10
5.3 Periodic inspection. 10
5.4 Inspection following an incident . 13
5.5 Inspection following period with crane out of operation. 13
5.6 Non-destructive testing. 13
6 Discard criteria. 14
6.1 General. 14
6.2 Visible broken wires . 14
6.3 Decrease in rope diameter. 17
6.4 Fracture of strands . 19
6.5 Corrosion. 19
6.6 Deformation and damage. 20
Annex A (informative) Key areas requiring particular close inspection. 23
Annex B (informative) Typical modes of deterioration. 25
Annex C (informative) Internal examination of rope. 34
Annex D (informative) Typical examples of inspection record. 37
Annex E (informative) Useful information on rope deterioration and discard criteria. 39
Annex F (informative) Combined effect assessment of rope condition and severity rating — One
method . 42
Annex G (informative) Examples of cross-sections of ropes and corresponding rope category
number (RCN). 45
Annex H (informative) Guidance on assessment and rating of external corrosion . 51
Bibliography . 53

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 4309 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 96, Cranes, Subcommittee SC 3, Selection of wire
ropes.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 4309:2004), which has been technically revised.
It also incorporates the Amendment ISO 4309:2004/Amd.1:2008.

iv © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

Introduction
A wire rope on a crane is regarded as an expendable component, requiring replacement when the results of
inspection indicate that its condition has diminished to the point where further use would be unwise from a
safety standpoint.
By following well-established principles, such as those detailed in this International Standard, along with any
additional specific instructions provided by the manufacturer of the crane or hoist and/or by the manufacturer
of the rope, this point should never be exceeded.
In addition to encompassing the guidance on storage, handling, installation and maintenance, which was first
introduced in the last revision, this International Standard also provides discard criteria for those running ropes
which are subjected to multi-layer spooling, where both field experience and testing demonstrate that
deterioration is significantly greater at the cross-over zones on the drum, than at any other section of rope in
the system.
It also provides more realistic discard criteria covering decrease in rope diameter and corrosion, and gives
one method for assessing the combined effect of deterioration at any position in the rope.
When correctly applied, the discard criteria given in this International Standard are aimed at retaining an
adequate safety margin. Failure to recognize them can be extremely harmful, dangerous and damaging.
To assist those who are responsible for “care and maintenance” as distinct from those who are responsible for
“inspection and discard”, the procedures are conveniently separated.

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4309:2010(E)

Cranes — Wire ropes — Care and maintenance,
inspection and discard
1 Scope
This International Standard establishes general principles for the care and maintenance, and inspection and
discard of steel wire ropes used on cranes and hoists.
This International Standard is applicable to those ropes used on the following types of cranes, the majority of
which are defined in ISO 4306-1:
a) cable and portal cable cranes;
b) cantilever cranes (pillar jib, wall or walking);
c) deck cranes;
d) derrick and guy derrick cranes;
e) derrick cranes with rigid bracing;
f) floating cranes;
g) mobile cranes;
h) overhead travelling cranes;
i) portal or semi-portal bridge cranes;
j) portal or semi-portal cranes;
k) railway cranes;
l) tower cranes;
m) offshore cranes, i.e. cranes mounted on a fixed structure supported by the sea bed or on a floating unit
supported by buoyancy forces.
This International Standard applies to rope on cranes used for hook, grabbing, magnet, ladle, excavator or
stacking duties, whether operated manually, electrically or hydraulically.
This International Standard also applies to rope used on hoists and hoist blocks.
In view of the fact that the exclusive use of synthetic sheaves or metal sheaves incorporating synthetic linings
is not recommended when single-layer spooling at the drum, due to the inevitability of wire breaks occurring
internally in large numbers before there is any visible evidence of any wire breaks or signs of substantial wear
on the periphery of the rope, no discard criteria are given for this combination.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 17893, Steel wire ropes — Vocabulary, designation and classification
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 17893 and the following apply.
3.1
nominal diameter
d
diameter by which the rope is designated
3.2
measured diameter
actual diameter
d
m
average of two measurements, taken at right angles to one another, of the diameter that circumscribes the
rope cross-section
3.3
reference diameter
d
ref
measured diameter of a section of rope that is not subject to bending, taken directly after the rope has been
broken in
NOTE This diameter is used as the baseline for uniform decrease in diameter.
3.4
cross-over zone
that portion of rope coincident with a crossing over of one wrap by another as the rope traverses the drum or
rises from one layer to the next at the drum flange
3.5
wrap
one revolution of rope around a drum
3.6
reel
flanged spool on which rope is wound for shipment or storage
3.7
wire rope periodic inspection
in-depth visual inspection of the rope plus measurement of the rope and, if practicable, an assessment of its
internal condition
NOTE This is sometimes referred to as a “thorough examination”.
3.8
competent person
〈wire rope inspection〉 person having such knowledge and experience of wire ropes on cranes and hoists as is
necessary for that person to assess the condition of the rope, make a judgement as to whether it may remain
in service and stipulate the maximum time interval between inspections
2 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

3.9
valley wire break
wire break that occurs at the inter-strand contact point or valley area between two outer strands
NOTE Outer wire breaks that also occur within the rope anywhere between one valley area and the next, including
any strand-core breaks, may also be regarded as valley wire breaks.
3.10
severity rating
amount of deterioration expressed as a per cent towards discard
NOTE The rating may relate to either an individual mode of deterioration, e.g. broken wires or decrease in diameter,
or the combined effect of more than one mode of deterioration, e.g. broken wires and decrease in diameter.
4 Care and maintenance
4.1 General
In the absence of any instructions provided by the manufacturer of the crane in his manual and/or any
provided by the manufacturer or supplier of the rope, the general principles given in 4.2 to 4.7 shall be
followed.
4.2 Rope replacement
Unless an alternative rope has been approved of by the crane manufacturer, rope manufacturer or other
competent person, only one of the correct length, diameter, construction, type and direction of lay and
strength (i.e. minimum breaking force), as specified by the crane manufacturer, shall be installed on the crane.
A record of the rope change shall be placed on file.
In the case of larger diameter rotation-resistant ropes, it may be necessary to apply additional means of
securing the rope ends, e.g. through the use of steel straps, particularly when preparing samples for test.
If the length of rope required for use is to be cut from a longer length, such as a bulk manufactured reel of
rope, servings shall be applied at both sides of the intended cutting point to prevent the rope from unlaying (i.e.
unravelling) after the cut has been made.
Figure 1 is an example of how a single-layer rope should be served before cutting. For rotation-resistant and
parallel-closed ropes, multiple length servings may be necessary. Ropes that are only lightly preformed are
more likely to unlay (i.e. unravel) after cutting, if inadequate or insufficient servings are applied.
NOTE Serving is sometimes referred to as “seizing”.
Unless an alternative rope termination has been approved of by the crane manufacturer, rope manufacturer or
other competent person, only one of a type, as specified by the crane manufacturer in his manual, shall be
used to attach a rope to a drum, hook block or anchor point on the machinery structure.

L = 2d minimum
Figure 1 — Application of serving prior to cutting of single-layer type rope

4 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

4.3 Offloading and storing the rope
To avoid accidents and/or damage to the rope itself, ropes should be offloaded with care.
Reels or coils of rope shall not be dropped, neither shall they be struck by a metal hook or fork of a lift truck or
any other external force that could damage or deform the rope.
Ropes should be stored in a cool, dry building and should not be allowed to be in contact with the floor. They
should not be stored where they are likely to be affected by chemicals, chemical fumes, steam or other
corrosive agents.
If outdoor storage cannot be avoided, ropes should be covered so that moisture cannot induce corrosion.
Ropes in storage shall be checked periodically for any signs of deterioration such as surface corrosion and, if
deemed necessary by a competent person, dressed with a suitable preservative or lubricant which is
compatible with the rope manufacturing lubricant.
In warm environments, the reel shall be periodically rotated one half-turn to prevent drainage of lubricant from
the rope.
4.4 Condition of the rope prior to installation
Before installing the rope, and preferably on receipt, the rope and its certificate should be checked to ensure
that the rope is in accordance with that ordered.
The strength of the rope to be installed shall not be lower than that specified by the crane manufacturer.
The diameter of the new rope shall be measured with the rope under no tension and the value recorded.
Check the condition of all sheave and drum grooves to ensure that they are capable of accepting the size of
the new rope, do not contain any irregularities, such as corrugations, and have sufficient remaining thickness
to safely support the rope.
For optimal performance, the effective sheave groove diameter should be larger than the nominal rope
diameter by about 5 % to 10 %, and ideally, at least 1 % greater than the actual diameter of the new rope.
4.5 Installing the rope
When uncoiling and/or installing a wire rope, every precaution shall be taken to avoid inducing turn into, or out
of, the rope. Allowing this to occur can result in the formation of loops, kinks or bends in the rope, rendering it
unfit for use.
In order to prevent any of these developing, the rope should be paid out in a straight line with a minimum of
slack being allowed to occur (see Figure 2).
Rope supplied in a coil should be placed on a turntable and paid out straight; however, where the coiled
length is short, the outer rope end may be made free and the remainder of the rope rolled along the ground
[see Figure 2 a)].
A rope shall never be paid out by throwing off wraps when the coil or reel is flat on the ground or by rolling the
reel along the ground (see Figure 3).
For those lengths of rope supplied on a reel, place the supply reel and its supporting stand or cradle as far
away from the crane or hoist as possible, in order to limit any fleet angle effects to an absolute minimum, thus
avoiding any undesirable rotational effects.
Protect the rope from any potential ingress or grit or other contaminants by running it on suitable matting (e.g.
used conveyor belting), rather than allowing it to run directly on the ground.
Be aware that a revolving reel of rope can have a high inertia, in which case it needs to be controlled in order
to slowly pay out the rope. For smaller reels, this is usually achieved by employing a single brake (see
Figure 4). Larger reels have significant inertia once they start to revolve and might need to be substantially
braked.
As far as practically possible, ensure that the rope always bends in the same direction during installation, i.e.
pay out the rope from the top of the supply reel to the top of the drum on the crane or hoist (referred to as “top
to top”), or from the underneath of the supply reel to the underneath of the drum on the crane or hoist (referred
to as “bottom to bottom”). For an example of “bottom to bottom”, see Figure 4.

a)  From a coil
b)  From a reel
Figure 2 — Correct procedures for uncoiling a wire rope
6 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

a)  From a coil
b)  From a reel
Figure 3 — Incorrect procedures for uncoiling a wire rope (continued)

c)  From the reel
Figure 3 — Incorrect procedures for uncoiling a wire rope

Figure 4 — Example of transfer of wire rope from bottom
of reel to bottom of drum with control of rope tension
For those ropes that are subjected to multi-layer spooling, apply a back-tension to the rope during installation
that is equivalent to about 2 1/2 % to 5 % of the minimum breaking force of the rope. This helps to ensure that
the rope on the bottom layer is tightly wound, forming a firm base for succeeding layers.
Follow the crane manufacturer's instructions for the securing of the ends of the rope at the drum and outboard
anchorages.
Protect the rope from rubbing against any part of the crane or hoist during installation.
4.6 Running-in the new rope
Before bringing the rope into full operation on the crane, the user shall ensure that all limiting and indicating
devices associated with the operation of the crane are correctly functioning.
In order to allow the components of the rope to better adjust to the normal operating conditions, the user shall
operate the crane at reduced speed and loading [i.e. down to 10 % of the Working Load Limit (WLL)] for a
number of operational cycles.
8 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

4.7 Maintaining the rope
Maintenance of the rope shall be carried out relative to the type of crane, its frequency of use, the
environmental conditions and the type of rope.
During the life of the rope, and before it shows any signs of dryness or corrosion, particularly over those
lengths which travel through sheaves and enter and exit the drum and those sections which are coincident
with a compensating sheave, the rope shall be dressed from time to time, as determined by a competent
person. In some cases, it may be necessary to clean the rope before applying the dressing in order for it to be
effective.
The rope dressing shall be compatible with the original lubricant applied by the rope manufacturer and shall
have penetrating characteristics. If the type of rope dressing is not identified in the crane manual, the user
shall seek guidance from the supplier of the rope or the wire rope manufacturer.
A shorter rope life is likely to result from a lack of maintenance, particularly if the crane or hoist is used in a
corrosive environment or, for whatever reason, no rope dressing can be applied. In such cases, the period
between inspections shall be reduced accordingly.
In order to avoid any localized deterioration, which might otherwise originate from a broken wire which
protrudes excessively from the rope and overlies others when that portion travels through a sheave, it may be
removed by gripping the protruding end(s) and bending the wire backwards and forwards (see Figure 5), until
it eventually breaks (which is, invariably, in the valley position between the strands). When a broken wire is
removed from the rope as part of a maintenance exercise, its location should be recorded for the information
of the rope inspector. If such action is taken, this should be counted as one broken wire and taken into
account when assessing the condition of the rope in relation to the discard criteria for broken wires.
When broken wires are evident close to or at the termination, but the rope is unaffected elsewhere along its
length, the rope may be shortened and the terminal fitting may be re-fitted. Before doing so, the remaining
length of wire rope should be checked to ensure that the required minimum number of wraps would remain on
the drum with the crane at its most extreme operating limit.

Figure 5 — Removal of protruding wire
4.8 Maintenance of rope-related parts of the crane
In addition to following the instructions contained in the crane manual, winding drums and sheaves should be
periodically checked to ensure that they rotate freely in their bearings.
Stiff or jammed sheaves or rollers wear heavily and unevenly, causing severe abrasion of the rope. Ineffective
compensating sheaves can give rise to unequal loading in the rope reeving.
5 Inspection
5.1 General
In the absence of any instructions provided by the manufacturer of the crane in his manual and/or any
provided by the manufacturer or supplier of the rope, the general principles for inspection given in 5.2 to 5.5
shall be followed.
5.2 Daily visual inspection
At least the intended working section of rope for that particular day shall be observed with the objective of
detecting any general deterioration or mechanical damage. This shall include the points of attachment of the
rope to the crane (see Figure A.2).
The rope should also be checked to ensure that it is sitting correctly on the drum and over the sheave(s) and
has not been displaced from its normal operating position.
Any appreciable change in condition shall be reported and the rope examined by a competent person in
accordance with 5.3.
If, at any time, the rigging arrangement is modified, such as when the crane has been moved to a new site
and re-rigged, the rope shall be subjected to a visual inspection as described in this subclause.
NOTE The driver/operator of the crane can be appointed to carry out daily checks to the extent that he is sufficiently
trained and considered competent to carry out this action.
5.3 Periodic inspection
5.3.1 General
Periodic inspections shall be carried out by a competent person.
The information gained from a periodic inspection is used to assist in deciding whether a crane rope
a) can safely remain in service and by which latest time it shall undergo its next periodic inspection, or
b) needs to be withdrawn immediately or within a specified timeframe.
Through an appropriate assessment method, i.e. by counting, visual means and/or measurement, the severity
of deterioration shall be assessed and expressed either as a percentage (e.g. 20 %, 40 %, 60 %, 80 % or
100 %) of the particular individual discard criteria or in words (e.g. slight, medium, high, very high or discard).
Any damage that might have occurred to the rope prior to it being run in and entering service shall be
assessed by a competent person and observations shall be recorded.
A list of the more common modes of deterioration and whether each one can be readily quantified (i.e. by
counting or measuring) or has to be subjectively assessed (i.e. by visual means) by the competent person is
given in Table 1.
10 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

Table 1 — Modes of deterioration and assessment methods
Mode of deterioration Assessment method
Number of visible broken wires (including those which are randomly
distributed, localized groupings, valley wire breaks and those that are at, or By counting
in the vicinity of, the termination)
Decrease in rope diameter (resulting from external wear/abrasion, internal
By measurement
wear and core deterioration)
Fracture of strand(s) Visual
Corrosion (external, internal and fretting) Visual
Deformation Visual and by measurement (wave only)
Mechanical damage Visual
Heat damage (including electric arcing) Visual
For some examples of typical modes of deterioration, see Annex B.
5.3.2 Frequency
The frequency of the periodic inspection shall be determined by the competent person, who shall take account
of at least the following:
a) the statutory requirements covering the application in the country of use;
b) the type of crane and the environmental conditions in which it operates;
c) the classification group of the mechanism;
d) the results of previous inspection(s);
e) experience gained from inspecting ropes on comparable cranes;
f) the length of time the rope has been in service;
g) the frequency of use.
NOTE 1 The competent person can find it prudent to initiate or recommend more frequent periodic inspections than
those required by legislation. This decision can be influenced by the type and frequency of operation. Also, depending on
the condition of the rope at any time and/or whether there is any change in circumstances, such as an incident or change
in operating conditions, the competent person can deem it necessary to reduce or recommend the reduction of the interval
between periodic inspections.
NOTE 2 Generally, ropes develop broken wires at a greater rate later on in the life of a rope than in the early stages.
NOTE 3 For two examples of rate of increase in broken wires over time, see Figure 6.
Key
X time, in cycles
Y number of randomly distributed broken wires per unit length
1 rope 1
2 rope 2
Figure 6 — Examples of rate of increase in broken wires
5.3.3 Extent of inspection
Each rope shall be inspected along its entire length.
However, in the case of a long length, and at the discretion of the competent person, the working length plus
at least five wraps on the drum may be inspected. In such a case, and where a greater working length is
subsequently foreseen after the previous inspection and prior to the next one, that additional length should
also be inspected before the additional length of rope is used.
Particular care, however, shall be taken at the following critical areas and locations:
a) drum anchorage;
b) any section at, and in the vicinity of, a rope termination;
c) any section that travels through one or more sheaves;
d) any section that travels through a safe load indicator which incorporates sheaves;
e) any section that travels through the hook block;
f) in the case of cranes performing a repetitive operation, any part of the rope that lies over a sheave while
the crane is in a loaded condition;
g) that part of the rope which lies over a compensating sheave;
h) any section that travels through a spooling device;
i) those sections that spool on the drum, particularly cross-over zones that are associated with multi-layer
spooling;
j) any section that is subjected to abrasion by external features (e.g. hatch combings);
k) any part of rope that is exposed to heat.
NOTE For areas requiring particular close inspection, see Annex A.
12 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

If the competent person judges it necessary to open up the rope to establish if there is any detrimental internal
deterioration, this should be done with extreme care to avoid damaging the rope (see Annex C).
5.3.4 Inspection at, or in the vicinity of, a termination
The rope shall be inspected in the vicinity of the termination, particularly where it enters the termination, as
this location is vulnerable to the onset of wire breaks due to vibration and other dynamic effects and,
depending on the state of the environment, corrosion. Some probing with a spike may be carried out to
establish if there is any looseness in any of the wires, suggesting the existence of a broken wire within the
termination. The termination itself should also be inspected for any excessive amounts of distortion and wear.
Additionally, ferrules used in the securing of eyes or loops shall be visually inspected for any cracks in the
material and for evidence of any possible slippage between the ferrule and the rope.
Detachable terminations such as symmetrical wedge sockets shall be inspected for evidence of any broken
wires in the vicinity of the entry of the rope into the termination and checked to see that the termination has
been correctly assembled.
Eye splices shall be checked to see that the serving is only over the tapered section of the splice, thus
allowing the remainder of the splice to be visually inspected for broken wires.
5.3.5 Inspection record
After each periodic inspection, the competent person shall provide a rope inspection record (for typical
examples, see Annex D), and state a maximum time interval that shall not be exceeded before the next
periodic inspection takes place.
Preferably, a running record (see D.2), should be maintained.
5.4 Inspection following an incident
If an incident has occurred that might have caused damage to a rope and/or its termination, the rope and/or its
termination shall be inspected as described for a periodic inspection (see 5.3), prior to re-commencement of
work or as required by the competent person.
NOTE Where a twin rope hoisting system is employed, it is often necessary to replace both ropes even if only one
has reached discard, because the new rope is larger than the one remaining and also has a different elongation property,
both of which have an effect on the respective amounts of rope being paid out from the drum.
5.5 Inspection following period with crane out of operation
If the crane has been out of operation for more than three months, the rope(s) shall undergo a periodic
inspection, as described in 5.3, prior to re-commencement of work.
5.6 Non-destructive testing
Non-destructive testing (NDT) by electro-magnetic means may be used as an aid to visual inspection to
determine the location of those sections of rope which could be suffering deterioration. If it is the intention to
carry out NDT by electro-magnetic means at some point during the life of the rope, it should be subjected to
an initial examination as soon as possible/practicable in the lifetime of the rope (which might be at rope
manufacture, during installation of the rope or, preferably, after the rope has been installed) to serve as a
reference point (sometimes referred to as “rope signature”) for future comparison.
6 Discard criteria
6.1 General
In the absence of any instructions provided by the manufacturer of the crane in his manual or any provided by
the supplier or manufacturer of the rope, the individual discard criteria as given in 6.2 to 6.6 shall apply (for
useful background information in support of these criteria, see Annex E).
As deterioration often results from a combination of different modes at the same position in the rope, the
competent person shall assess the “combined effect”, one method of which is described in Annex F.
If, for whatever reason, there is a noticeable change in the rate of deterioration of the rope, the reason for this
shall be investigated and, wherever possible, corrective action taken. In extreme cases, the competent person
may decide to discard the rope or amend the discard criteria, for example by reducing the allowable number of
visible broken wires.
In those instances where a long length of rope has suffered deterioration over a relatively short section, the
competent person may decide that it is not necessary to discard the whole length of rope, provided that the
affected section can be satisfactorily removed and the remaining length is in a serviceable condition.
6.2 Visible broken wires
6.2.1 Criteria for visible broken wires
The discard criteria for the various natures of visible broken wire shall be as specified in Table 2.
Table 2 — Discard criteria for visible broken wires
Nature of visible broken wire Discard criteria
1 Wire breaks occurring randomly in sections of rope See Table 3 for single-layer and parallel-closed ropes
which run through one or more steel sheaves and and Table 4 for rotation-resistant ropes.
spool on and off the drum when single-layer spooling
or occurring at sections of rope which are coincident
a
with cross-over zones when multi-layer spooling
2 Localized grouping of wire breaks in sections of rope If grouping is concentrated in one or two neighbouring
which do not spool on and off the drum strands it might be necessary to discard the rope,
even if the number is lower than the values over a
length of 6d, which are given in Tables 3 and 4.
b
3 Two or more wire breaks in a rope lay length
Valley wire breaks
(approximately equivalent to a length of 6d)
Wire breaks at a termination Two or more wire breaks
a
For typical example, see Figure B.13.
b
For typical example, see Figure 7 and Figure B.14.

6.2.2 Use of Tables 3 and 4 and Rope Category Number
If the rope is a single-layer or parallel-closed rope, as shown in Annex G, apply the corresponding Rope
Category Number (RCN) and read off the discard values in Table 3 for broken wires over a length of 6d and
30d. If the construction is not shown in Annex G, determine the total number of load-bearing wires in the rope
(by adding together all of the wires in the outer layer of strands except for any filler wires) and read off the
discard values in Table 3 for broken wires over a length of 6d and 30d for the appropriate conditions.
If the rope is a rotation-resistant rope, as shown in Annex G, apply the corresponding RCN and read off the
discard values in Table 4 for broken wires over a length of 6d and 30d. If the construction is not shown in
14 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

Annex G, determine the number of outer strands and the total number of load-bearing wires in the outer layer
of strands in the rope (by adding together all of the wires in the outer layer of strands except for any filler
wires) and read off the discard values in Table 4 for broken wires over a length of 6d and 30d for the
appropriate conditions.
6.2.3 Wire breaks other than those resulting from service
As a consequence of shipping, storage, handling, installation and manufacturing, an individual wire can be
broken. As such, isolated wire breaks are not attributed to deterioration resulting from in-service operation,
such as bending fatigue on which the values in Tables 3 and 4 are largely based; they would not normally be
counted when inspecting the rope for broken wires. Their existence, however, if discovered, should be
recorded, as this can assist future inspections.
In the event that such broken wires are found to have their ends protruding from the rope and it is considered
that leaving them unattended might lead to the development of some potential localized deterioration, they
should be removed (for removal, see 4.7).

Figure 7 — Flexing a rope can often expose broken wires hidden in
valleys between strands
6.2.4 Single-layer and parallel-closed ropes
Table 3 — Number of wire breaks, reached or exceeded, of visible broken wires
occurring in single-layer and parallel-closed ropes, signalling discard of rope

b
Number of visible broken outer wires
Sections of rope working in steel sheaves Sections of rope spooling

Rope c
and/or spooling on a single-layer drum
on a multi-layer drum
Total number of
category
load-bearing wires in
(wire breaks randomly distributed)
number
the outer layer of
d
All classes
a Classes M1 to M4 or class unknown
RCN
strands in the rope
(see Ordinary lay Lang lay Ordinary and Lang lay
n
Annex G)
Over a Over a Over a Over a Over a Over a
length length length length length length of

e e e e e e
of 6d of 30d of 6d of 30d of 6d  30d
01 n u 50 2 4 1 2 4 8
02 51 u n u 75 3 6 2 3 6 12
03 76 u n u 100 4 8 2 4 8 16
04 101 u n u 120 5 10 2 5 10 20
05 121 u n u 140 6 11 3 6 12 22
06 141 u n u 160 6 13 3 6 12 26
07 161 u n u 180 7 14 4 7 14 28
08 181 u n u 200 8 16 4 8 16 32
09 201 u n u 220 9 18 4 9 18 36
10 221 u n u 240 10 19 5 10 20 38
11 24 u n u 260 10 21 5 10 20 42
12 261 u n u 280 11 22 6 11 22 44
13 281 u n u 300 12 24 6 12 24 48
n > 300 0,04 × n 0,08 × n 0,02 × n 0,04 × n 0,08 × n 0,16 × n
NOTE Ropes having outer strands of Seale construction where the number of wires in each strand is 19 or less (e.g. 6 × 19 Seale)
are placed in this table two rows above that row in which the construction would normally be placed based on the number of load
bearing wires in the outer layer of strands.
a
For the purposes of this International Standard, filler wires are not regarded as load-bearing wires and are not included in the
values of n.
b
A broken wire has two ends (counted as one wire).
c
The values apply to deterioration that occurs at the cross-over zones and interference between wraps due to fleet angle effects
(and not to those sections of rope which only work in sheaves and do not spool on the drum).
d
Twice the number of broken wires listed may be applied to ropes on mechanisms whose classification is known to be M5 to M8.
e
d = nominal diameter of rope.
16 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

6.2.5 Rotation-resistant ropes
Table 4 — Number of wire breaks, reached or exceeded, of visible broken wires
occurring in rotation-resistant rope, signalling discard of rope
b
Number of outer Number of visible broken outer wires
strands and total
Rope category Sections of rope working in steel
number of load-
number sheaves and/or spooling on a single- Sections of rope spooling
bearing wires in
c
on a multi-layer drum
layer drum
the outer layer of
RCN
(wire breaks randomly distributed)
strands in the
a
(see Annex G)
rope
Over a length Over a length Over a length Over a length
d d d d
of 6d of 30d of 6d of 30d
n
4 strands
21 2 4 2 4
n u 100
3 or 4 strands
22 2 4 4 8
n W 100
At least 11 outer
strands
23-1 71 u n u 100 2 4 4 8
23-2 101 u n u 120 3 5 5 10
23-3 121 u n u 140 3 5 6 11
24 141 u n u 160 3 6 6 13
25 161 u n u 180 4 7 7 14
26 181 u n u 200 4 8 8 16
27 201 u n u 220 4 9 9 18
28 221 u n u 240 5 10 10 19
29 241 u n u 260 5 10 10 21
30 261 u n u 280 6 11 11 22
31 281 u n u 300 6 12 12 24
n > 300 6 12 12 24
NOTE Ropes having outer strands of Seale construction where the number of wires in each strand is 19 or less (e.g. 18 × 19 Seale
– WSC) are placed in this table two rows above that row in which the construction would normally be placed based on the number of
wires in the outer layer of strands.
a
For the purposes of this International Standard, filler wires are not regarded as load-bearing wires and are not included in the
values of n.
b
A broken wire has two ends.
c
The values apply to deterioration that occurs at the cross-over zones and interference between wraps due to fleet angle effects
(and not to those sections of rope that only work in sheaves and do not spool on the drum).
d
d = nominal diameter of rope.
6.3 Decrease in rope diameter
6.3.1 Uniform decrease along the rope
The discard criteria values for uniform decrease in rope diameter for sections of rope which spool on
...


SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2012
1DGRPHãþD
SIST ISO 4309:1997
äHUMDYLäLþQHYUYL3UHYLGQRVWY]GUåHYDQMHSUHJOHGLLQL]ORþDQMH
Cranes - Wire ropes - Care and maintenance, inspection and discard
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Câbles - Entretien et maintenance, inspection
et dépose
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 4309:2010
ICS:
53.020.30 Pribor za dvigalno opremo Accessories for lifting
equipment
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 4309
Fourth edition
2010-08-01
Cranes — Wire ropes — Care and
maintenance, inspection and discard
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue — Câbles — Entretien
et maintenance, inspection et dépose

Reference number
©
ISO 2010
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ii © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Terms and definitions. 2
4 Care and maintenance. 3
4.1 General. 3
4.2 Rope replacement. 3
4.3 Offloading and storing the rope . 5
4.4 Condition of the rope prior to installation. 5
4.5 Installing the rope. 5
4.6 Running-in the new rope. 8
4.7 Maintaining the rope. 9
4.8 Maintenance of rope-related parts of the crane . 9
5 Inspection . 10
5.1 General. 10
5.2 Daily visual inspection . 10
5.3 Periodic inspection. 10
5.4 Inspection following an incident . 13
5.5 Inspection following period with crane out of operation. 13
5.6 Non-destructive testing. 13
6 Discard criteria. 14
6.1 General. 14
6.2 Visible broken wires . 14
6.3 Decrease in rope diameter. 17
6.4 Fracture of strands . 19
6.5 Corrosion. 19
6.6 Deformation and damage. 20
Annex A (informative) Key areas requiring particular close inspection. 23
Annex B (informative) Typical modes of deterioration. 25
Annex C (informative) Internal examination of rope. 34
Annex D (informative) Typical examples of inspection record. 37
Annex E (informative) Useful information on rope deterioration and discard criteria. 39
Annex F (informative) Combined effect assessment of rope condition and severity rating — One
method . 42
Annex G (informative) Examples of cross-sections of ropes and corresponding rope category
number (RCN). 45
Annex H (informative) Guidance on assessment and rating of external corrosion . 51
Bibliography . 53

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 4309 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 96, Cranes, Subcommittee SC 3, Selection of wire
ropes.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 4309:2004), which has been technically revised.
It also incorporates the Amendment ISO 4309:2004/Amd.1:2008.

iv © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

Introduction
A wire rope on a crane is regarded as an expendable component, requiring replacement when the results of
inspection indicate that its condition has diminished to the point where further use would be unwise from a
safety standpoint.
By following well-established principles, such as those detailed in this International Standard, along with any
additional specific instructions provided by the manufacturer of the crane or hoist and/or by the manufacturer
of the rope, this point should never be exceeded.
In addition to encompassing the guidance on storage, handling, installation and maintenance, which was first
introduced in the last revision, this International Standard also provides discard criteria for those running ropes
which are subjected to multi-layer spooling, where both field experience and testing demonstrate that
deterioration is significantly greater at the cross-over zones on the drum, than at any other section of rope in
the system.
It also provides more realistic discard criteria covering decrease in rope diameter and corrosion, and gives
one method for assessing the combined effect of deterioration at any position in the rope.
When correctly applied, the discard criteria given in this International Standard are aimed at retaining an
adequate safety margin. Failure to recognize them can be extremely harmful, dangerous and damaging.
To assist those who are responsible for “care and maintenance” as distinct from those who are responsible for
“inspection and discard”, the procedures are conveniently separated.

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4309:2010(E)

Cranes — Wire ropes — Care and maintenance,
inspection and discard
1 Scope
This International Standard establishes general principles for the care and maintenance, and inspection and
discard of steel wire ropes used on cranes and hoists.
This International Standard is applicable to those ropes used on the following types of cranes, the majority of
which are defined in ISO 4306-1:
a) cable and portal cable cranes;
b) cantilever cranes (pillar jib, wall or walking);
c) deck cranes;
d) derrick and guy derrick cranes;
e) derrick cranes with rigid bracing;
f) floating cranes;
g) mobile cranes;
h) overhead travelling cranes;
i) portal or semi-portal bridge cranes;
j) portal or semi-portal cranes;
k) railway cranes;
l) tower cranes;
m) offshore cranes, i.e. cranes mounted on a fixed structure supported by the sea bed or on a floating unit
supported by buoyancy forces.
This International Standard applies to rope on cranes used for hook, grabbing, magnet, ladle, excavator or
stacking duties, whether operated manually, electrically or hydraulically.
This International Standard also applies to rope used on hoists and hoist blocks.
In view of the fact that the exclusive use of synthetic sheaves or metal sheaves incorporating synthetic linings
is not recommended when single-layer spooling at the drum, due to the inevitability of wire breaks occurring
internally in large numbers before there is any visible evidence of any wire breaks or signs of substantial wear
on the periphery of the rope, no discard criteria are given for this combination.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 17893, Steel wire ropes — Vocabulary, designation and classification
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 17893 and the following apply.
3.1
nominal diameter
d
diameter by which the rope is designated
3.2
measured diameter
actual diameter
d
m
average of two measurements, taken at right angles to one another, of the diameter that circumscribes the
rope cross-section
3.3
reference diameter
d
ref
measured diameter of a section of rope that is not subject to bending, taken directly after the rope has been
broken in
NOTE This diameter is used as the baseline for uniform decrease in diameter.
3.4
cross-over zone
that portion of rope coincident with a crossing over of one wrap by another as the rope traverses the drum or
rises from one layer to the next at the drum flange
3.5
wrap
one revolution of rope around a drum
3.6
reel
flanged spool on which rope is wound for shipment or storage
3.7
wire rope periodic inspection
in-depth visual inspection of the rope plus measurement of the rope and, if practicable, an assessment of its
internal condition
NOTE This is sometimes referred to as a “thorough examination”.
3.8
competent person
〈wire rope inspection〉 person having such knowledge and experience of wire ropes on cranes and hoists as is
necessary for that person to assess the condition of the rope, make a judgement as to whether it may remain
in service and stipulate the maximum time interval between inspections
2 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

3.9
valley wire break
wire break that occurs at the inter-strand contact point or valley area between two outer strands
NOTE Outer wire breaks that also occur within the rope anywhere between one valley area and the next, including
any strand-core breaks, may also be regarded as valley wire breaks.
3.10
severity rating
amount of deterioration expressed as a per cent towards discard
NOTE The rating may relate to either an individual mode of deterioration, e.g. broken wires or decrease in diameter,
or the combined effect of more than one mode of deterioration, e.g. broken wires and decrease in diameter.
4 Care and maintenance
4.1 General
In the absence of any instructions provided by the manufacturer of the crane in his manual and/or any
provided by the manufacturer or supplier of the rope, the general principles given in 4.2 to 4.7 shall be
followed.
4.2 Rope replacement
Unless an alternative rope has been approved of by the crane manufacturer, rope manufacturer or other
competent person, only one of the correct length, diameter, construction, type and direction of lay and
strength (i.e. minimum breaking force), as specified by the crane manufacturer, shall be installed on the crane.
A record of the rope change shall be placed on file.
In the case of larger diameter rotation-resistant ropes, it may be necessary to apply additional means of
securing the rope ends, e.g. through the use of steel straps, particularly when preparing samples for test.
If the length of rope required for use is to be cut from a longer length, such as a bulk manufactured reel of
rope, servings shall be applied at both sides of the intended cutting point to prevent the rope from unlaying (i.e.
unravelling) after the cut has been made.
Figure 1 is an example of how a single-layer rope should be served before cutting. For rotation-resistant and
parallel-closed ropes, multiple length servings may be necessary. Ropes that are only lightly preformed are
more likely to unlay (i.e. unravel) after cutting, if inadequate or insufficient servings are applied.
NOTE Serving is sometimes referred to as “seizing”.
Unless an alternative rope termination has been approved of by the crane manufacturer, rope manufacturer or
other competent person, only one of a type, as specified by the crane manufacturer in his manual, shall be
used to attach a rope to a drum, hook block or anchor point on the machinery structure.

L = 2d minimum
Figure 1 — Application of serving prior to cutting of single-layer type rope

4 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

4.3 Offloading and storing the rope
To avoid accidents and/or damage to the rope itself, ropes should be offloaded with care.
Reels or coils of rope shall not be dropped, neither shall they be struck by a metal hook or fork of a lift truck or
any other external force that could damage or deform the rope.
Ropes should be stored in a cool, dry building and should not be allowed to be in contact with the floor. They
should not be stored where they are likely to be affected by chemicals, chemical fumes, steam or other
corrosive agents.
If outdoor storage cannot be avoided, ropes should be covered so that moisture cannot induce corrosion.
Ropes in storage shall be checked periodically for any signs of deterioration such as surface corrosion and, if
deemed necessary by a competent person, dressed with a suitable preservative or lubricant which is
compatible with the rope manufacturing lubricant.
In warm environments, the reel shall be periodically rotated one half-turn to prevent drainage of lubricant from
the rope.
4.4 Condition of the rope prior to installation
Before installing the rope, and preferably on receipt, the rope and its certificate should be checked to ensure
that the rope is in accordance with that ordered.
The strength of the rope to be installed shall not be lower than that specified by the crane manufacturer.
The diameter of the new rope shall be measured with the rope under no tension and the value recorded.
Check the condition of all sheave and drum grooves to ensure that they are capable of accepting the size of
the new rope, do not contain any irregularities, such as corrugations, and have sufficient remaining thickness
to safely support the rope.
For optimal performance, the effective sheave groove diameter should be larger than the nominal rope
diameter by about 5 % to 10 %, and ideally, at least 1 % greater than the actual diameter of the new rope.
4.5 Installing the rope
When uncoiling and/or installing a wire rope, every precaution shall be taken to avoid inducing turn into, or out
of, the rope. Allowing this to occur can result in the formation of loops, kinks or bends in the rope, rendering it
unfit for use.
In order to prevent any of these developing, the rope should be paid out in a straight line with a minimum of
slack being allowed to occur (see Figure 2).
Rope supplied in a coil should be placed on a turntable and paid out straight; however, where the coiled
length is short, the outer rope end may be made free and the remainder of the rope rolled along the ground
[see Figure 2 a)].
A rope shall never be paid out by throwing off wraps when the coil or reel is flat on the ground or by rolling the
reel along the ground (see Figure 3).
For those lengths of rope supplied on a reel, place the supply reel and its supporting stand or cradle as far
away from the crane or hoist as possible, in order to limit any fleet angle effects to an absolute minimum, thus
avoiding any undesirable rotational effects.
Protect the rope from any potential ingress or grit or other contaminants by running it on suitable matting (e.g.
used conveyor belting), rather than allowing it to run directly on the ground.
Be aware that a revolving reel of rope can have a high inertia, in which case it needs to be controlled in order
to slowly pay out the rope. For smaller reels, this is usually achieved by employing a single brake (see
Figure 4). Larger reels have significant inertia once they start to revolve and might need to be substantially
braked.
As far as practically possible, ensure that the rope always bends in the same direction during installation, i.e.
pay out the rope from the top of the supply reel to the top of the drum on the crane or hoist (referred to as “top
to top”), or from the underneath of the supply reel to the underneath of the drum on the crane or hoist (referred
to as “bottom to bottom”). For an example of “bottom to bottom”, see Figure 4.

a)  From a coil
b)  From a reel
Figure 2 — Correct procedures for uncoiling a wire rope
6 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

a)  From a coil
b)  From a reel
Figure 3 — Incorrect procedures for uncoiling a wire rope (continued)

c)  From the reel
Figure 3 — Incorrect procedures for uncoiling a wire rope

Figure 4 — Example of transfer of wire rope from bottom
of reel to bottom of drum with control of rope tension
For those ropes that are subjected to multi-layer spooling, apply a back-tension to the rope during installation
that is equivalent to about 2 1/2 % to 5 % of the minimum breaking force of the rope. This helps to ensure that
the rope on the bottom layer is tightly wound, forming a firm base for succeeding layers.
Follow the crane manufacturer's instructions for the securing of the ends of the rope at the drum and outboard
anchorages.
Protect the rope from rubbing against any part of the crane or hoist during installation.
4.6 Running-in the new rope
Before bringing the rope into full operation on the crane, the user shall ensure that all limiting and indicating
devices associated with the operation of the crane are correctly functioning.
In order to allow the components of the rope to better adjust to the normal operating conditions, the user shall
operate the crane at reduced speed and loading [i.e. down to 10 % of the Working Load Limit (WLL)] for a
number of operational cycles.
8 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

4.7 Maintaining the rope
Maintenance of the rope shall be carried out relative to the type of crane, its frequency of use, the
environmental conditions and the type of rope.
During the life of the rope, and before it shows any signs of dryness or corrosion, particularly over those
lengths which travel through sheaves and enter and exit the drum and those sections which are coincident
with a compensating sheave, the rope shall be dressed from time to time, as determined by a competent
person. In some cases, it may be necessary to clean the rope before applying the dressing in order for it to be
effective.
The rope dressing shall be compatible with the original lubricant applied by the rope manufacturer and shall
have penetrating characteristics. If the type of rope dressing is not identified in the crane manual, the user
shall seek guidance from the supplier of the rope or the wire rope manufacturer.
A shorter rope life is likely to result from a lack of maintenance, particularly if the crane or hoist is used in a
corrosive environment or, for whatever reason, no rope dressing can be applied. In such cases, the period
between inspections shall be reduced accordingly.
In order to avoid any localized deterioration, which might otherwise originate from a broken wire which
protrudes excessively from the rope and overlies others when that portion travels through a sheave, it may be
removed by gripping the protruding end(s) and bending the wire backwards and forwards (see Figure 5), until
it eventually breaks (which is, invariably, in the valley position between the strands). When a broken wire is
removed from the rope as part of a maintenance exercise, its location should be recorded for the information
of the rope inspector. If such action is taken, this should be counted as one broken wire and taken into
account when assessing the condition of the rope in relation to the discard criteria for broken wires.
When broken wires are evident close to or at the termination, but the rope is unaffected elsewhere along its
length, the rope may be shortened and the terminal fitting may be re-fitted. Before doing so, the remaining
length of wire rope should be checked to ensure that the required minimum number of wraps would remain on
the drum with the crane at its most extreme operating limit.

Figure 5 — Removal of protruding wire
4.8 Maintenance of rope-related parts of the crane
In addition to following the instructions contained in the crane manual, winding drums and sheaves should be
periodically checked to ensure that they rotate freely in their bearings.
Stiff or jammed sheaves or rollers wear heavily and unevenly, causing severe abrasion of the rope. Ineffective
compensating sheaves can give rise to unequal loading in the rope reeving.
5 Inspection
5.1 General
In the absence of any instructions provided by the manufacturer of the crane in his manual and/or any
provided by the manufacturer or supplier of the rope, the general principles for inspection given in 5.2 to 5.5
shall be followed.
5.2 Daily visual inspection
At least the intended working section of rope for that particular day shall be observed with the objective of
detecting any general deterioration or mechanical damage. This shall include the points of attachment of the
rope to the crane (see Figure A.2).
The rope should also be checked to ensure that it is sitting correctly on the drum and over the sheave(s) and
has not been displaced from its normal operating position.
Any appreciable change in condition shall be reported and the rope examined by a competent person in
accordance with 5.3.
If, at any time, the rigging arrangement is modified, such as when the crane has been moved to a new site
and re-rigged, the rope shall be subjected to a visual inspection as described in this subclause.
NOTE The driver/operator of the crane can be appointed to carry out daily checks to the extent that he is sufficiently
trained and considered competent to carry out this action.
5.3 Periodic inspection
5.3.1 General
Periodic inspections shall be carried out by a competent person.
The information gained from a periodic inspection is used to assist in deciding whether a crane rope
a) can safely remain in service and by which latest time it shall undergo its next periodic inspection, or
b) needs to be withdrawn immediately or within a specified timeframe.
Through an appropriate assessment method, i.e. by counting, visual means and/or measurement, the severity
of deterioration shall be assessed and expressed either as a percentage (e.g. 20 %, 40 %, 60 %, 80 % or
100 %) of the particular individual discard criteria or in words (e.g. slight, medium, high, very high or discard).
Any damage that might have occurred to the rope prior to it being run in and entering service shall be
assessed by a competent person and observations shall be recorded.
A list of the more common modes of deterioration and whether each one can be readily quantified (i.e. by
counting or measuring) or has to be subjectively assessed (i.e. by visual means) by the competent person is
given in Table 1.
10 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

Table 1 — Modes of deterioration and assessment methods
Mode of deterioration Assessment method
Number of visible broken wires (including those which are randomly
distributed, localized groupings, valley wire breaks and those that are at, or By counting
in the vicinity of, the termination)
Decrease in rope diameter (resulting from external wear/abrasion, internal
By measurement
wear and core deterioration)
Fracture of strand(s) Visual
Corrosion (external, internal and fretting) Visual
Deformation Visual and by measurement (wave only)
Mechanical damage Visual
Heat damage (including electric arcing) Visual
For some examples of typical modes of deterioration, see Annex B.
5.3.2 Frequency
The frequency of the periodic inspection shall be determined by the competent person, who shall take account
of at least the following:
a) the statutory requirements covering the application in the country of use;
b) the type of crane and the environmental conditions in which it operates;
c) the classification group of the mechanism;
d) the results of previous inspection(s);
e) experience gained from inspecting ropes on comparable cranes;
f) the length of time the rope has been in service;
g) the frequency of use.
NOTE 1 The competent person can find it prudent to initiate or recommend more frequent periodic inspections than
those required by legislation. This decision can be influenced by the type and frequency of operation. Also, depending on
the condition of the rope at any time and/or whether there is any change in circumstances, such as an incident or change
in operating conditions, the competent person can deem it necessary to reduce or recommend the reduction of the interval
between periodic inspections.
NOTE 2 Generally, ropes develop broken wires at a greater rate later on in the life of a rope than in the early stages.
NOTE 3 For two examples of rate of increase in broken wires over time, see Figure 6.
Key
X time, in cycles
Y number of randomly distributed broken wires per unit length
1 rope 1
2 rope 2
Figure 6 — Examples of rate of increase in broken wires
5.3.3 Extent of inspection
Each rope shall be inspected along its entire length.
However, in the case of a long length, and at the discretion of the competent person, the working length plus
at least five wraps on the drum may be inspected. In such a case, and where a greater working length is
subsequently foreseen after the previous inspection and prior to the next one, that additional length should
also be inspected before the additional length of rope is used.
Particular care, however, shall be taken at the following critical areas and locations:
a) drum anchorage;
b) any section at, and in the vicinity of, a rope termination;
c) any section that travels through one or more sheaves;
d) any section that travels through a safe load indicator which incorporates sheaves;
e) any section that travels through the hook block;
f) in the case of cranes performing a repetitive operation, any part of the rope that lies over a sheave while
the crane is in a loaded condition;
g) that part of the rope which lies over a compensating sheave;
h) any section that travels through a spooling device;
i) those sections that spool on the drum, particularly cross-over zones that are associated with multi-layer
spooling;
j) any section that is subjected to abrasion by external features (e.g. hatch combings);
k) any part of rope that is exposed to heat.
NOTE For areas requiring particular close inspection, see Annex A.
12 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

If the competent person judges it necessary to open up the rope to establish if there is any detrimental internal
deterioration, this should be done with extreme care to avoid damaging the rope (see Annex C).
5.3.4 Inspection at, or in the vicinity of, a termination
The rope shall be inspected in the vicinity of the termination, particularly where it enters the termination, as
this location is vulnerable to the onset of wire breaks due to vibration and other dynamic effects and,
depending on the state of the environment, corrosion. Some probing with a spike may be carried out to
establish if there is any looseness in any of the wires, suggesting the existence of a broken wire within the
termination. The termination itself should also be inspected for any excessive amounts of distortion and wear.
Additionally, ferrules used in the securing of eyes or loops shall be visually inspected for any cracks in the
material and for evidence of any possible slippage between the ferrule and the rope.
Detachable terminations such as symmetrical wedge sockets shall be inspected for evidence of any broken
wires in the vicinity of the entry of the rope into the termination and checked to see that the termination has
been correctly assembled.
Eye splices shall be checked to see that the serving is only over the tapered section of the splice, thus
allowing the remainder of the splice to be visually inspected for broken wires.
5.3.5 Inspection record
After each periodic inspection, the competent person shall provide a rope inspection record (for typical
examples, see Annex D), and state a maximum time interval that shall not be exceeded before the next
periodic inspection takes place.
Preferably, a running record (see D.2), should be maintained.
5.4 Inspection following an incident
If an incident has occurred that might have caused damage to a rope and/or its termination, the rope and/or its
termination shall be inspected as described for a periodic inspection (see 5.3), prior to re-commencement of
work or as required by the competent person.
NOTE Where a twin rope hoisting system is employed, it is often necessary to replace both ropes even if only one
has reached discard, because the new rope is larger than the one remaining and also has a different elongation property,
both of which have an effect on the respective amounts of rope being paid out from the drum.
5.5 Inspection following period with crane out of operation
If the crane has been out of operation for more than three months, the rope(s) shall undergo a periodic
inspection, as described in 5.3, prior to re-commencement of work.
5.6 Non-destructive testing
Non-destructive testing (NDT) by electro-magnetic means may be used as an aid to visual inspection to
determine the location of those sections of rope which could be suffering deterioration. If it is the intention to
carry out NDT by electro-magnetic means at some point during the life of the rope, it should be subjected to
an initial examination as soon as possible/practicable in the lifetime of the rope (which might be at rope
manufacture, during installation of the rope or, preferably, after the rope has been installed) to serve as a
reference point (sometimes referred to as “rope signature”) for future comparison.
6 Discard criteria
6.1 General
In the absence of any instructions provided by the manufacturer of the crane in his manual or any provided by
the supplier or manufacturer of the rope, the individual discard criteria as given in 6.2 to 6.6 shall apply (for
useful background information in support of these criteria, see Annex E).
As deterioration often results from a combination of different modes at the same position in the rope, the
competent person shall assess the “combined effect”, one method of which is described in Annex F.
If, for whatever reason, there is a noticeable change in the rate of deterioration of the rope, the reason for this
shall be investigated and, wherever possible, corrective action taken. In extreme cases, the competent person
may decide to discard the rope or amend the discard criteria, for example by reducing the allowable number of
visible broken wires.
In those instances where a long length of rope has suffered deterioration over a relatively short section, the
competent person may decide that it is not necessary to discard the whole length of rope, provided that the
affected section can be satisfactorily removed and the remaining length is in a serviceable condition.
6.2 Visible broken wires
6.2.1 Criteria for visible broken wires
The discard criteria for the various natures of visible broken wire shall be as specified in Table 2.
Table 2 — Discard criteria for visible broken wires
Nature of visible broken wire Discard criteria
1 Wire breaks occurring randomly in sections of rope See Table 3 for single-layer and parallel-closed ropes
which run through one or more steel sheaves and and Table 4 for rotation-resistant ropes.
spool on and off the drum when single-layer spooling
or occurring at sections of rope which are coincident
a
with cross-over zones when multi-layer spooling
2 Localized grouping of wire breaks in sections of rope If grouping is concentrated in one or two neighbouring
which do not spool on and off the drum strands it might be necessary to discard the rope,
even if the number is lower than the values over a
length of 6d, which are given in Tables 3 and 4.
b
3 Two or more wire breaks in a rope lay length
Valley wire breaks
(approximately equivalent to a length of 6d)
Wire breaks at a termination Two or more wire breaks
a
For typical example, see Figure B.13.
b
For typical example, see Figure 7 and Figure B.14.

6.2.2 Use of Tables 3 and 4 and Rope Category Number
If the rope is a single-layer or parallel-closed rope, as shown in Annex G, apply the corresponding Rope
Category Number (RCN) and read off the discard values in Table 3 for broken wires over a length of 6d and
30d. If the construction is not shown in Annex G, determine the total number of load-bearing wires in the rope
(by adding together all of the wires in the outer layer of strands except for any filler wires) and read off the
discard values in Table 3 for broken wires over a length of 6d and 30d for the appropriate conditions.
If the rope is a rotation-resistant rope, as shown in Annex G, apply the corresponding RCN and read off the
discard values in Table 4 for broken wires over a length of 6d and 30d. If the construction is not shown in
14 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

Annex G, determine the number of outer strands and the total number of load-bearing wires in the outer layer
of strands in the rope (by adding together all of the wires in the outer layer of strands except for any filler
wires) and read off the discard values in Table 4 for broken wires over a length of 6d and 30d for the
appropriate conditions.
6.2.3 Wire breaks other than those resulting from service
As a consequence of shipping, storage, handling, installation and manufacturing, an individual wire can be
broken. As such, isolated wire breaks are not attributed to deterioration resulting from in-service operation,
such as bending fatigue on which the values in Tables 3 and 4 are largely based; they would not normally be
counted when inspecting the rope for broken wires. Their existence, however, if discovered, should be
recorded, as this can assist future inspections.
In the event that such broken wires are found to have their ends protruding from the rope and it is considered
that leaving them unattended might lead to the development of some potential localized deterioration, they
should be removed (for removal, see 4.7).

Figure 7 — Flexing a rope can often expose broken wires hidden in
valleys between strands
6.2.4 Single-layer and parallel-closed ropes
Table 3 — Number of wire breaks, reached or exceeded, of visible broken wires
occurring in single-layer and parallel-closed ropes, signalling discard of rope

b
Number of visible broken outer wires
Sections of rope working in steel sheaves Sections of rope spooling

Rope c
and/or spooling on a single-layer drum
on a multi-layer drum
Total number of
category
load-bearing wires in
(wire breaks randomly distributed)
number
the outer layer of
d
All classes
a Classes M1 to M4 or class unknown
RCN
strands in the rope
(see Ordinary lay Lang lay Ordinary and Lang lay
n
Annex G)
Over a Over a Over a Over a Over a Over a
length length length length length length of

e e e e e e
of 6d of 30d of 6d of 30d of 6d  30d
01 n u 50 2 4 1 2 4 8
02 51 u n u 75 3 6 2 3 6 12
03 76 u n u 100 4 8 2 4 8 16
04 101 u n u 120 5 10 2 5 10 20
05 121 u n u 140 6 11 3 6 12 22
06 141 u n u 160 6 13 3 6 12 26
07 161 u n u 180 7 14 4 7 14 28
08 181 u n u 200 8 16 4 8 16 32
09 201 u n u 220 9 18 4 9 18 36
10 221 u n u 240 10 19 5 10 20 38
11 24 u n u 260 10 21 5 10 20 42
12 261 u n u 280 11 22 6 11 22 44
13 281 u n u 300 12 24 6 12 24 48
n > 300 0,04 × n 0,08 × n 0,02 × n 0,04 × n 0,08 × n 0,16 × n
NOTE Ropes having outer strands of Seale construction where the number of wires in each strand is 19 or less (e.g. 6 × 19 Seale)
are placed in this table two rows above that row in which the construction would normally be placed based on the number of load
bearing wires in the outer layer of strands.
a
For the purposes of this International Standard, filler wires are not regarded as load-bearing wires and are not included in the
values of n.
b
A broken wire has two ends (counted as one wire).
c
The values apply to deterioration that occurs at the cross-over zones and interference between wraps due to fleet angle effects
(and not to those sections of rope which only work in sheaves and do not spool on the drum).
d
Twice the number of broken wires listed may be applied to ropes on mechanisms whose classification is known to be M5 to M8.
e
d = nominal diameter of rope.
16 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

6.2.5 Rotation-resistant ropes
Table 4 — Number of wire breaks, reached or exceeded, of visible broken wires
occurring in rotation-resistant rope, signalling discard of rope
b
Number of outer Number of visible broken outer wires
strands and total
Rope category Sections of rope working in steel
number of load-
number sheaves and/or spooling on a single- Sections of rope spooling
bearing wires in
c
on a multi-layer drum
layer drum
the outer layer of
RCN
(wire breaks randomly distributed)
strands in the
a
(see Annex G)
rope
Over a length Over a length Over a length Over a length
d d d d
of 6d of 30d of 6d of 30d
n
4 strands
21 2 4 2 4
n u 100
3 or 4 strands
22 2 4 4 8
n W 100
At least 11 o
...


NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 4309
Quatrième édition
2010-08-01
Appareils de levage à charge
suspendue — Câbles — Entretien
et maintenance, inspection et dépose
Cranes — Wire ropes — Care and maintenance, inspection and discard

Numéro de référence
©
ISO 2010
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Publié en Suisse
ii © ISO 2010 – Tous droits réservés

Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .iv
Introduction.v
1 Domaine d'application .1
2 Références normatives.2
3 Termes et définitions .2
4 Entretien et maintenance.3
4.1 Généralités .3
4.2 Remplacement du câble .3
4.3 Déchargement et stockage du câble .5
4.4 Condition du câble avant la pose .5
4.5 Pose du câble .5
4.6 Rodage du nouveau câble.9
4.7 Entretien du câble .9
4.8 Entretien des parties de l'appareil de levage liées au câble.10
5 Inspection.10
5.1 Généralités .10
5.2 Inspection visuelle quotidienne.10
5.3 Inspection périodique .10
5.4 Inspection suite à un incident.13
5.5 Inspection suite à une période de mise hors service de l'appareil de levage .13
5.6 Essais non destructifs .13
6 Critères de dépose .14
6.1 Généralités .14
6.2 Fils cassés visibles .14
6.3 Diminution du diamètre du câble.18
6.4 Rupture de torons .19
6.5 Corrosion.19
6.6 Déformation et dommage .20
Annexe A (informative) Zones nécessitant une inspection approfondie.23
Annexe B (informative) Modes de détérioration types.25
Annexe C (informative) Examen interne d'un câble .34
Annexe D (informative) Exemples types de rapport d'inspection .38
Annexe E (informative) Informations utiles sur les critères de détérioration et de dépose des
câbles.40
Annexe F (informative) Évaluation des effets cumulés des conditions d'utilisation du câble et des
degrés de sévérité — Une méthode .43
Annexe G (informative) Exemples de sections de câbles et du numéro de catégorie de câble
correspondant (RCN) .46
Annexe H (informative) Lignes directrices pour l'estimation et l'évaluation de la corrosion externe .52
Bibliographie.54

Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes nationaux de
normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est en général confiée
aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire partie du
comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non
gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux. L'ISO collabore étroitement avec
la Commission électrotechnique internationale (CEI) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les Normes internationales sont rédigées conformément aux règles données dans les Directives ISO/CEI,
Partie 2.
La tâche principale des comités techniques est d'élaborer les Normes internationales. Les projets de Normes
internationales adoptés par les comités techniques sont soumis aux comités membres pour vote. Leur
publication comme Normes internationales requiert l'approbation de 75 % au moins des comités membres
votants.
L'attention est appelée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l'objet de
droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L'ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne
pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence.
L'ISO 4309 a été élaborée par le comité technique ISO/TC 96, Appareils de levage à charge suspendue,
sous-comité SC 3, Choix des câbles.
Cette quatrième édition annule et remplace la troisième édition (ISO 4309:2004) qui a fait l'objet d'une révision
technique. Elle incorpore également l'Amendement de l'ISO 4309:2004/Amd.1:2008.
iv © ISO 2010 – Tous droits réservés

Introduction
Dans un appareil de levage, le câble est considéré comme un élément consommable, appelé à être remplacé
quand l'inspection montre que son état s'est détérioré à un point tel qu'il serait imprudent de continuer à
l'utiliser.
En suivant des principes clairement établis, tels que ceux détaillés dans la présente Norme internationale,
ainsi que les instructions spécifiques supplémentaires fournies par le fabricant de l'appareil de levage ou du
palan et/ou par le fabricant du câble, ce point ne devrait jamais être dépassé.
En plus des recommandations sur le stockage, la manutention, l'installation et la maintenance fournies pour la
première fois dans l'édition précédente, la présente Norme internationale définit des critères de dépose pour
les câbles en service à enroulement multicouche, lorsque l'expérience sur le terrain et les essais démontrent
que la détérioration est considérablement plus importante dans les zones de dérive qu'au niveau de toute
autre section du câble dans le système.
Elle définit également des critères de dépose plus réalistes portant sur la diminution du diamètre du câble et
la corrosion et décrit une méthode permettant d'évaluer l'effet combiné/cumulé de la détérioration en tout
endroit du câble.
Lorsqu'ils sont correctement appliqués, les critères de dépose donnés dans la présente Norme internationale
permettent de conserver une bonne marge de sécurité. Le non-respect de ces critères peut engendrer des
situations extrêmement nocives, dangereuses ou endommageantes.
Par commodité pour les personnes chargées de l'entretien et de la maintenance, en tant qu'elles sont
distinctes des personnes chargées du contrôle et de la dépose, les procédures les concernant sont données
séparément.
NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 4309:2010(F)

Appareils de levage à charge suspendue — Câbles —
Entretien et maintenance, inspection et dépose
1 Domaine d'application
La présente Norme internationale établit des principes généraux pour l'entretien et la maintenance,
l'inspection et la dépose de câbles en acier utilisés sur des appareils de levage et des palans.
La présente Norme internationale est applicable aux câbles utilisés sur les types suivants d'appareils de
levage, dont la plupart sont définis dans l'ISO 4306-1:
a) blondins et ponts portiques à câbles;
b) grues à potence (sur colonne, murales, vélocipèdes);
c) grues de bord;
d) grues-derricks et grues-derricks à haubans;
e) grues-derricks à appui rigide;
f) grues flottantes;
g) grues mobiles;
h) ponts roulants;
i) ponts portiques ou semi-portiques;
j) grues sur portique ou semi-portique;
k) grues sur voie ferrée;
l) grues à tour;
m) grues offshore, c'est-à-dire grues montées sur une structure fixe prenant appui sur le fond marin ou sur
une unité flottante supportée par la poussée hydrostatique.
La présente Norme internationale est applicable aux câbles qui sont utilisés sur des appareils de levage à
crochet, à benne preneuse, à électroporteur ou qui sont utilisés pour la coulée, l'excavation ou le gerbage,
qu'ils soient actionnés manuellement, électriquement ou hydrauliquement.
Elle est également applicable aux câbles utilisés sur les palans et les moufles.
Étant donné que l'utilisation de poulies synthétiques ou métalliques à revêtement intérieur de la gorge
synthétique n'est pas recommandée en cas d'enroulement monocouche sur le tambour, en raison des
nombreuses ruptures de fils qui peuvent se produire à l'intérieur du câble sans qu'il y ait de ruptures visibles ni
de signes d'usure importante à la périphérie du câble, aucun critère de dépose fiable ne peut être donné pour
cette combinaison.
2 Références normatives
Les documents de référence suivants sont indispensables pour l'application du présent document. Pour les
références datées, seule l'édition citée s'applique. Pour les références non datées, la dernière édition du
document de référence s'applique (y compris les éventuels amendements).
ISO 17893, Câbles en acier — Vocabulaire, désignation et classification
3 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions donnés dans l'ISO 17893 ainsi que les
suivants s'appliquent.
3.1
diamètre nominal
d
diamètre par lequel un câble est désigné
3.2
diamètre mesuré
diamètre réel
d
m
moyenne de deux mesures du diamètre, réalisées perpendiculairement l'une par rapport à l'autre, sur une
section droite du câble
3.3
diamètre de référence
d
ref
diamètre mesuré d'une section de câble qui n'est pas soumise à la flexion, pris directement après que le câble
a été cassé
3.4
zone de dérive
partie d'un câble coïncidant avec la dérive d'une couche de câble sur une autre au fur et à mesure que le
câble s'enroule autour du tambour ou passe d'une couche à la couche suivante au niveau du rebord du
tambour
3.5
couche
un tour de câble sur le tambour
3.6
touret
support sur lequel est enroulé le câble pour le transport ou le stockage
3.7
inspection périodique du câble
inspection visuelle approfondie du câble, plus mesurage du câble et, si possible, évaluation de l'état interne
du câble
NOTE Ces inspections sont parfois aussi appelées «examens approfondis».
3.8
personne compétente
〈inspection du câble〉 personne ayant une connaissance et une expérience suffisantes des câbles utilisés sur
les appareils de levage et les palans pour évaluer l'état du câble, décider si le câble peut ou non rester en
service et spécifier l'intervalle de temps maximal entre les inspections
2 © ISO 2010 – Tous droits réservés

3.9
rupture de fil au droit d'un sillon
rupture de fil qui se produit au point de contact entre torons ou en zone de sillon entre deux torons extérieurs
NOTE Les ruptures de fils extérieurs qui se produisent aussi sur le câble n'importe où entre une zone de sillon et la
suivante, y compris toute rupture d'âme de toron, peuvent aussi être considérées comme des ruptures de fil au droit d'un
sillon.
3.10
degré de sévérité
importance de détérioration exprimée en pourcentage du critère de dépose
NOTE Ce degré peut se rapporter soit à un mode de détérioration particulier, par exemple ruptures de fils ou
diminution de diamètre, ou à des effets combinés de plus d'un mode de détérioration, par exemple ruptures de fils et
diminution de diamètre.
4 Entretien et maintenance
4.1 Généralités
En l'absence de toute instruction fournie par le fabricant dans le manuel de l'appareil de levage et/ou dans
tout autre document fourni par le fabricant ou le fournisseur du câble, les principes généraux donnés de 4.2 à
4.7 doivent être suivis.
4.2 Remplacement du câble
N'installer sur l'appareil de levage qu'un câble de longueur, de diamètre, de composition, de type, de sens de
câblage et de résistance (c'est-à-dire charge minimale de rupture) appropriés tels que spécifiés par le
fabricant de l'appareil de levage, sauf si un autre câble a été approuvé par le fabricant de l'appareil de levage,
le fabricant du câble ou toute autre personne compétente. Un enregistrement du changement de câble doit
être classé dans un dossier.
Dans le cas de câbles anti-giratoires de grand diamètre, il peut être nécessaire d'utiliser des moyens
supplémentaires pour fixer les extrémités du câble, par exemple à l'aide de feuillards de cerclage en acier, en
particulier lors de la préparation des échantillons pour les essais.
Si la longueur de câble nécessaire est prélevée sur un câble de plus grande longueur, par exemple sur un
touret de câble en vrac, une ligature doit être pratiquée de part et d'autre de la coupure pour éviter de
détoronner (c'est-à-dire détorsader) le câble à partir de l'extrémité.
La Figure 1 constitue un exemple de la façon dont il convient de ligaturer un câble monocouche avant la
coupe. Pour les câbles anti-giratoires et disposés en parallèle, plusieurs longueurs de ligatures peuvent être
nécessaires. Les câbles qui sont seulement légèrement préformés sont plus facile à détorsader (c'est-à-dire
détoronner) après coupe si des ligatures inappropriées ou insuffisantes sont effectuées.
NOTE En anglais, «ligature» se dit «serving», mais parfois également «seizing».
Utiliser uniquement une terminaison telle que spécifiée dans le manuel de l'appareil de levage pour fixer un
câble à un tambour, à un moufle ou à un point d'ancrage sur la structure de la machine, sauf si une autre
terminaison de câble a été approuvée par le fabricant de l'appareil de levage, le fabricant du câble ou toute
autre personne compétente.
L = 2d minimum
Figure 1 — Application d'une ligature avant la coupe d'un câble de type monocouche
4 © ISO 2010 – Tous droits réservés

4.3 Déchargement et stockage du câble
Pour éviter tout accident et/ou endommagement du câble proprement dit, il convient de décharger les câbles
avec soin.
Les tourets ou les bobines de câbles ne doivent pas chuter sur le sol. Ils ne doivent pas être mis en contact
avec un crochet métallique ou une fourche de chariot élévateur et ils ne doivent pas être soumis à une force
externe susceptible d'endommager ou de déformer le câble.
Il convient que les câbles soient stockés dans un bâtiment frais et sec sans être posés à même le sol. Il
convient de ne pas les stocker dans des lieux où ils risquent d'être en contact avec des produits chimiques,
des fumées chimiques, de la vapeur ou d'autres agents corrosifs.
Si le stockage à l'extérieur des câbles ne peut être évité, il convient de les couvrir pour les protéger contre
toute humidité susceptible de déclencher de la corrosion.
Les câbles entreposés doivent être examinés périodiquement afin de vérifier la présence de signes de
détérioration telle qu'une corrosion superficielle et, si une personne compétente le juge nécessaire, un agent
conservateur ou un lubrifiant approprié compatible avec le lubrifiant d'origine des câbles doit leur être appliqué.
Dans des environnements chauds, le touret doit être périodiquement tourné d'un demi-tour pour éviter le
drainage du lubrifiant du câble.
4.4 Condition du câble avant la pose
Avant d'installer le câble, et de préférence lors de sa réception, il convient de contrôler le câble et son
certificat afin de s'assurer que le câble est conforme à la commande.
La résistance du câble à installer ne doit pas être inférieure à celle spécifiée par le fabricant de l'appareil de
levage.
Le diamètre du nouveau câble doit être mesuré lorsque celui-ci n'est soumis à aucune tension et la valeur doit
être enregistrée.
Vérifier l'état des gorges de toutes les poulies et de tous les tambours afin de s'assurer qu'elles peuvent
recevoir le diamètre du nouveau câble, qu'elles sont exemptes de toute irrégularité telle que des ondulations
et que leur épaisseur est encore suffisante pour supporter le câble en toute sécurité.
Pour garantir des performances optimales, il convient que le diamètre effectif des gorges des poulies dépasse
de 5 % à 10 % environ le diamètre nominal du câble et théoriquement d'au moins 1 % le diamètre réel du
nouveau câble.
4.5 Pose du câble
Lors du tirage et/ou de la pose d'un câble, toutes les précautions nécessaires doivent être prises pour ne pas
le détordre ou augmenter sa torsion. Faute de ces précautions, il peut se former des boucles, des nodosités
ou des coudes dans le câble, qui le rendraient inapte à l'utilisation.
À cet effet, il convient de dérouler le câble sans mou et de le tirer en ligne droite (voir la Figure 2).
Il convient de placer un câble en bobine sur un touret et de le tirer en ligne droite; toutefois, si la bobine
présente une courte longueur, il est permis de libérer l'extrémité extérieure de la bobine et d'enrouler le reste
du câble au sol [voir la Figure 2 a)].
Un câble ne doit jamais être tiré en effectuant des tours lorsque la bobine ou le touret est à plat sur le sol ou
en faisant rouler le touret sur le sol (voir la Figure 3).
Pour les longueurs de câble en bobine, placer le touret et son support ou son châssis aussi loin que possible
de l'appareil de levage ou du palan afin de limiter au strict minimum tout angle de déflexion, évitant ainsi toute
rotation indésirable.
Protéger le câble de toute impureté ou autres contaminants en le déplaçant sur un support approprié (par
exemple en utilisant un convoyeur à courroie) plutôt que de permettre son déplacement directement sur le sol.
Il est à noter qu'un tambour rotatif peut présenter une forte inertie et qu'il doit par conséquent être contrôlé
pour que le câble soit tiré lentement. Pour des bobines plus petites, cela est généralement réalisé en utilisant
un simple frein (voir la Figure 4). Les bobines plus grandes ont une inertie significative une fois qu'elles sont
en rotation et peuvent nécessiter d'être freinées de manière importante.

a)  À partir d'une bobine
b)  À partir d'un touret
Figure 2 — Procédures correctes de déroulement d'un câble
6 © ISO 2010 – Tous droits réservés

a)  À partir d'une bobine
b)  À partir d'un touret
Figure 3 — Procédures incorrectes de déroulement d'un câble (suite)
c)  À partir d'un touret
Figure 3 — Procédures incorrectes de déroulement d'un câble

Figure 4 — Exemple de transfert du câble à partir du bas du touret au bas du tambour,
avec contrôle de la tension du câble
Dans la mesure du possible, s'assurer que le câble est toujours plié dans le même sens au cours de
l'installation, c'est-à-dire tirer le câble du haut du touret vers le haut du tambour sur l'appareil de levage ou le
palan (désigné par «du haut vers le haut») ou du bas du touret vers le bas du tambour sur l'appareil de levage
ou le palan (désigné par «du bas au bas»). Pour un exemple de tirage «du bas au bas», voir la Figure 4.
Pour les câbles faisant l'objet d'un enroulement multicouche, au cours de l'installation, appliquer au câble une
contre-tension équivalant à 2,5 % à 5 % environ de la charge minimale de rupture du câble. Cela permet de
s'assurer que le câble est bien enroulé sur la couche inférieure, formant ainsi une base ferme pour les
couches suivantes.
Suivre les instructions du fabricant de l'appareil de levage pour la fixation des extrémités du câble au niveau
du tambour et des points d'attache extérieurs.
Protéger le câble afin de l'empêcher de frotter contre une partie de l'appareil de levage ou du palan durant
l'installation.
8 © ISO 2010 – Tous droits réservés

4.6 Rodage du nouveau câble
Avant la mise en service du câble sur l'appareil de levage, l'utilisateur doit vérifier que tous les dispositifs de
sécurité/limitation associés au fonctionnement en toute sécurité de l'appareil de levage fonctionnent
correctement.
Afin de permettre aux éléments constitutifs du câble de mieux s'ajuster aux conditions normales de
fonctionnement, l'utilisateur de l'appareil de levage doit faire fonctionner l'appareil de levage à vitesse réduite
et sous une faible charge (c'est-à-dire une charge réduite jusqu'à 10 % de la charge maximale d'utilisation)
pendant un certain nombre de cycles de manœuvres.
4.7 Entretien du câble
L'entretien du câble doit être effectué en fonction du type d'appareil de levage, de sa fréquence d'emploi, des
conditions ambiantes et du type de câble.
Pendant la durée de vie du câble, et avant qu'il ne présente des signes de manque de lubrifiant ou de
corrosion, notamment dans les zones de passage sur les poulies et d'entrée et de sortie du tambour et dans
les sections qui sont en relation avec une poulie de compensation, le câble doit être lubrifié de temps à autre,
à des intervalles déterminés par une personne compétente. Dans certains cas, il peut être nécessaire de
nettoyer le câble avant d'appliquer le lubrifiant pour garantir son efficacité.
Le lubrifiant d'entretien doit être compatible avec le lubrifiant d'origine appliqué lors de la fabrication du câble
et doit présenter des caractéristiques de pénétration. Si le type de lubrifiant de câble n'est pas identifié dans le
manuel de l'appareil de levage, l'utilisateur doit demander conseil au fournisseur ou au fabricant du câble.
Une durée de vie plus courte du câble peut résulter d'un manque d'entretien, notamment si l'appareil de
levage ou le palan travaille en milieu corrosif ou si, pour une raison quelconque, aucun lubrifiant ne peut être
utilisé. Dans de tels cas, la période entre les inspections doit être réduite en conséquence.
Afin d'éviter toute détérioration localisée, susceptible d'être provoquée par un fil cassé qui dépasse
excessivement du câble et chevauche d'autres fils lorsque cette partie du câble passe sur une poulie, il est
possible de saisir l'extrémité ou les extrémités du fil qui dépassent et de plier le fil vers l'arrière et vers l'avant
(voir la Figure 5) jusqu'à ce qu'il casse (ce qui se produira invariablement au niveau des sillons entre les
torons). Lorsqu'un fil cassé est retiré du câble lors d'une opération de maintenance, il convient que son
emplacement soit enregistré aux fins d'information de l'inspecteur du câble. Si une telle action est entreprise,
il convient de compter ce fil comme un fil cassé et d'en tenir compte lors de l'évaluation de l'état du câble par
rapport aux critères de dépose pour les fils cassés.
Lorsque l'on constate des ruptures de fils à proximité ou au niveau de la terminaison, mais que le câble est
intact partout ailleurs sur toute sa longueur, le câble peut être raccourci et refixé sur la terminaison. Avant de
faire cela, il convient de vérifier la longueur restante de câble pour s'assurer qu'il restera sur le tambour le
nombre minimal requis d'enroulements, lorsque l'appareil de levage est à sa limite extrême de fonctionnement.

Figure 5 — Élimination d'un fil cassé
4.8 Entretien des parties de l'appareil de levage liées au câble
Outre le respect des instructions contenues dans le manuel de l'appareil de levage, il convient de vérifier
périodiquement les tambours et les poulies pour s'assurer que tous ces éléments tournent correctement dans
leurs paliers.
Les poulies ou galets tournant mal ou bloqués s'usent fortement et inégalement, provoquant une importante
usure des câbles par frottement. Les poulies de compensation bloquées peuvent provoquer une charge
inégale sur les brins de câbles.
5 Inspection
5.1 Généralités
En l'absence d'instructions dans le manuel de l'appareil de levage et/ou dans tout autre document fourni par
le fabricant ou le fournisseur du câble, les principes généraux concernant l'inspection donnés de 5.2 à 5.5
doivent être suivis.
5.2 Inspection visuelle quotidienne
Dans la mesure du possible, toutes les parties visibles des câbles doivent être examinées quotidiennement
afin de déterminer d'éventuels signes de détérioration générale ou de détérioration mécanique. Ces examens
doivent également porter sur les points d'attache du câble avec l'appareil de levage (voir la Figure A.2).
Il convient de vérifier également le câble afin de s'assurer qu'il est correctement logé sur le tambour et sur la
ou les poulie(s) et qu'il n'a pas été déplacé par rapport à sa position normale de fonctionnement.
Tout changement notable de l'état du câble doit être signalé et suivi d'un examen effectué par une personne
compétente, conformément à 5.3.
Si, à un moment donné, le gréement est modifié, comme dans le cas où l'appareil de levage est déplacé vers
un nouveau site et remonté, le câble doit faire l'objet d'une inspection visuelle telle que décrite ci-dessus.
NOTE Le conducteur/l'opérateur de l'appareil de levage peut être désigné pour effectuer les vérifications
quotidiennes, dans la mesure où il a reçu une formation suffisante et est considéré comme compétent pour remplir cette
tâche.
5.3 Inspection périodique
5.3.1 Généralités
Les inspections périodiques doivent être effectuées par une personne compétente.
Les informations obtenues lors d'une inspection périodique sont utilisées pour décider si le câble d'un appareil
de levage
a) peut rester en service en toute sécurité jusqu'à l'inspection périodique suivante, ou
b) doit être retiré immédiatement ou dans un intervalle de temps spécifié.
Au moyen d'une méthode d'évaluation appropriée, c'est-à-dire par comptage, moyens visuels et/ou mesurage,
la sévérité de la détérioration doit être évaluée et exprimée soit comme un pourcentage (par exemple: 20 %,
40 %, 60 %, 80 %, 100 %) du critère particulier de dépose soit par des termes (par exemple légère, moyenne,
élevée, très élevée, dépose).
Il convient que tout endommagement ayant pu se produire sur le câble avant qu'il soit enroulé et mis en
service soit évalué par une personne compétente et que les observations soient enregistrées.
10 © ISO 2010 – Tous droits réservés

Le Tableau 1 fournit une liste des modes de détérioration les plus courants et indique comment chacun de
ces modes peut être rapidement quantifié (c'est-à-dire par comptage ou mesurage) ou subjectivement évalué
(c'est-à-dire visuellement) par la personne compétente.
Tableau 1 — Modes de détérioration et méthodes d'évaluation
Mode de détérioration Méthode d'évaluation
Nombre de fils cassés visibles (y compris ceux répartis de manière Comptage
aléatoire, concentrations de fils cassés, ruptures de fils au niveau des
sillons et à proximité ou au niveau de la terminaison)
Diminution du diamètre du câble (due à une usure externe, à une usure Mesurage
interne et à une détérioration de l'âme)
Rupture de toron(s) Examen visuel
Corrosion (externe, interne et contact) Examen visuel
Déformation Examen visuel + mesurage
(déformation en tire-bouchon uniquement)
Dommage mécanique Examen visuel
Détérioration due à la chaleur (y compris la formation d'un arc électrique) Examen visuel

Pour des exemples types de modes de détérioration, voir l'Annexe B.
5.3.2 Fréquence
La fréquence de l'inspection périodique doit être déterminée par la personne compétente qui doit au moins
tenir compte de ce qui suit:
a) les conditions légales requises concernant l'appareil de levage dans le pays où il est utilisé;
b) le type d'appareil de levage et ses conditions d'utilisation;
c) le groupe de classification du mécanisme;
d) les résultats de l'inspection ou des inspections antérieures;
e) l'expérience tirée de l'inspection des câbles sur des appareils de levage comparables;
f) le temps pendant lequel le câble a été utilisé;
g) la fréquence d'utilisation.
NOTE 1 Il est possible que, par prudence, la personne compétente prescrive ou recommande des inspections
périodiques plus fréquentes que celles requises par la législation. Cette décision peut être influencée par le type et la
fréquence de fonctionnement. Par ailleurs, en fonction de l'état du câble à tout moment et/ou en cas de changement de
situation, tel qu'un incident ou une variation des conditions de fonctionnement, la personne compétente peut juger
nécessaire d'augmenter ou recommander de réduire la fréquence des inspections.
NOTE 2 En général, le nombre de fils cassés augmente au fur et à mesure que le câble vieillit.
NOTE 3 La Figure 6 montre deux exemples de progression dans le temps du nombre de fils cassés.
Légende
X temps, en cycles
Y nombre de fils cassés répartis de façon aléatoire par unité de longueur
1 câble 1
2 câble 2
Figure 6 — Exemples de progression du nombre de fils cassés
5.3.3 Étendue de l'inspection
Chaque câble doit être examiné sur toute sa longueur.
Cependant, dans le cas d'une grande longueur, et à la discrétion de la personne compétente, l'inspection peut
couvrir la longueur utile, plus au moins cinq couches sur le tambour. Dans un tel cas, et lorsqu'une longueur
utile plus grande est par la suite envisagée suite à l'inspection préalable et avant la suivante, il convient que la
longueur supplémentaire soit également inspectée avant que la longueur supplémentaire du câble soit utilisée.
Une attention particulière doit cependant être prêtée aux zones et emplacements critiques suivants:
a) les points d'attache du tambour;
b) toutes les sections situées au niveau et à proximité d'une terminaison du câble;
c) toutes les sections de câble qui passent sur une ou des poulie(s);
d) toutes les sections de câble qui passent sur un indicateur de charge de sécurité comportant des poulies;
e) toutes les sections de câble qui passent sur le moufle à crochet;
f) pour les appareils de levage effectuant un travail répétitif, tous les points de passage du câble sur une
poulie lorsque l'appareil de levage est sous charge;
g) les sections de câble qui passent sur des poulies de compensation;
h) toutes les sections de câble qui passent sur un dispositif d'enroulement;
i) les sections qui s'enroulent sur un tambour, notamment les zones de dérive associées à un enroulement
multicouche;
j) toutes les sections qui sont soumises à l'abrasion par des éléments externes (par exemple hiloires);
k) toutes les parties du câble exposées à la chaleur.
NOTE Pour les zones nécessitant une inspection approfondie, voir l'Annexe A.
12 © ISO 2010 – Tous droits réservés

Si la personne compétente juge qu'il est nécessaire d'ouvrir le câble pour vérifier l'existence d'une éventuelle
détérioration interne, il convient que cette opération soit effectuée avec le plus grand soin afin d'éviter
d'endommager le câble (voir l'Annexe C).
5.3.4 Inspection au niveau ou à proximité d'une terminaison
Le câble doit être examiné à proximité de la terminaison, notamment à l'endroit où il pénètre dans la
terminaison, cette zone étant vulnérable en termes de ruptures de fils dues aux vibrations et autres effets
dynamiques et, selon les conditions ambiantes, à la corrosion. Il se peut qu'un sondage soit nécessaire pour
déterminer un éventuel relâchement de fils, suggérant l'existence d'un fil cassé dans la terminaison. Il
convient d'examiner également la terminaison proprement dite afin de vérifier s'il n'y a pas de déformation et
d'usure excessives.
En outre, les manchons utilisés dans les boucles et les œillets doivent être examinés visuellement afin de
déceler d'éventuelles fissures dans le matériau et un éventuel glissement entre la douille et le câble.
Les boîtes à coin symétriques, tels que les serre-câbles, doivent être examinées afin de vérifier si des fils sont
cassés à proximité de l'entrée du câble dans la terminaison et si la terminaison a été correctement montée.
Les raccords d'extrémité réalisés par épissure doivent être examinés afin de vérifier si la ligature se situe
uniquement au-dessus de la partie conique de l'épissure, permettant ainsi de vérifier la présence éventuelle
de fils cassés sur l'épissure.
5.3.5 Rapport d'inspection
À l'issue de chaque inspection périodique, la personne compétente doit fournir un rapport d'inspection du
câble (des exemples types sont donnés à l'Annexe D), et spécifier un intervalle de temps maximal qui ne doit
pas être dépassé avant le déroulement de l'inspection périodique suivante.
De préférence, il convient de tenir à jour un rapport de maintenance (voir D.2).
5.4 Inspection suite à un incident
Si un incident ayant pu endommager le câble et/ou sa terminaison s'est produit, le câble et/ou sa terminaison
doit être examiné comme pour une inspection périodique (voir 5.3) avant la remise en service, ou de la façon
spécifiée par la personne compétente.
NOTE Lorsqu'un système de levage à câbles jumelés est utilisé, il est souvent nécessaire de remplacer les deux
câbles même si un seul a atteint le stade de dépose du fait que le nouveau câble sera plus gros que celui restant et aura
également des propriétés d'allongement différentes, ces deux raisons affectant les longueurs respectives de câbles étant
dévidées du tambour.
5.5 Inspection suite à une période de mise hors service de l'appareil de levage
Si l'appareil de levage a été mis hors service pendant plus de trois mois, le(s) câble(s) doit subir une
inspection périodique comme décrit en 5.3, avant la remise en service.
5.6 Essais non destructifs
Des essais non destructifs réalisés par des techniques électromagnétiques peuvent être utilisés en
complément de l'inspection visuelle pour permettre de déterminer les sections de câble qui ont pu subir une
détérioration. S'il est prévu de réaliser des essais non destructifs par des techniques électromagnétiques à un
moment donné au cours de la vie du câble, il convient de soumettre le câble à une première inspection dès
que possible/réalisable durant la durée de vie du câble (ce peut être lors de la fabrication du câble, durant son
installation ou, de préférence, après son installation), afin que cela puisse servir de point de référence (parfois
assimilé au marquage du câble) pour une comparaison ultérieure.
6 Critères de dépose
6.1 Généralités
En l'absence d'instructions dans le manuel fourni par le fabricant de l'appareil de levage et/ou dans tout autre
document fourni par le fabricant ou le fournisseur du câble, les critères individuels de dépose donnés de 5.2 à
5.6 doivent être appliqués (pour des informations de base venant à l'appui de ces critères, se reporter à
l'Annexe E).
Dans la mesure où la détérioration résulte souvent d'une combinaison de différents modes au niveau d'une
même position dans le câble, il convient que la personne compétente évalue l'effet «cumulé». Une des
méthodes pour ce faire est décrite dans l'Annexe F.
Si, pour une raison quelconque, on constate un changement important du degré de détérioration du câble, la
cause doit en être recherchée et, dans la mesure du possible, une action corrective doit être entreprise. Dans
des cas extrêmes, la personne compétente peut décider de déposer le câble ou de modifier les critères de
dépose, par exemple en réduisant le nombre admissible de fils cassés visibles.
Dans le cas où une grande longueur de câble a été détériorée sur une section relativement courte, la
personne compétente peut décider de ne pas déposer toute la longueur du câble, à condition que la section
affectée puisse être enlevée de façon satisfaisante et que la longueur restante soit apte au service.
6.2 Fils cassés visibles
6.2.1 Critères de fils cassés visibles
Les critères de dépose pour les divers cas de fils cassés visibles doivent être ceux spécifiés dans le
Tableau 2.
Tableau 2 — Critères de dépose pour cas de fils cassés visibles
Nature des fils cassés visibles Critère de dépose
1 Ruptures de fils qui se produisent de façon aléatoire dans Voir le Tableau 3 pour les câbles à une couche et
des sections de câble passant sur une ou plusieurs poulies, disposés en parallèle et le Tableau 4 pour les câbles
dans des sections de câble à enroulement et enroulement anti-giratoires.
monocouche sur le tambour, ou dans des sections de câble
coïncidant avec les zones de dérive en cas d'enroulement
a
multicouche
2 Concentrations de fils cassés dans des sections de câble Si les fils cassés sont concentrés dans un ou deux
qui ne s'enroulent pas et ne se déroulent pas sur le torons voisins, la dépose du câble peut s'avérer
tambour nécessaire, même si le nombre est inférieur aux
valeurs données dans les Tableaux 3 et 4, sur une
longueur de 6d.
b
3 Au moins deux ruptures de fils dans un pas de
Ruptures de fils au niveau du sillon
câblage (à peu près équivalent à une longueur de
6d).
4 Ruptures de fils au niveau d'une terminaison Au moins deux ruptures de fils.
a
Voir la Figure B.13 pour un exemple type.
b
Voir la Figure 7 et la Figure B.14 pour un exemple type.

6.2.2 Utilisation des Tableaux 3 et 4 et des numéros de catégorie de câbles (RCN)
Si le câble fait partie des câbles à une couche ou des câbles disposés en parallèle indiqués dans l'Annexe G,
appliquer le numéro de catégorie de câble (RCN) correspondant et lire les critères de dépose indiqués dans le
14 © ISO 2010 – Tous droits réservés

Tableau 3 pour les fils cassés sur une longueur de 6d et 30d. Si la composition n'est pas indiquée dans
l'Annexe G, déterminer le nombre total de fils porteurs dans le câble (en faisant la somme de tous les fils dans
la couche extérieure de torons, à l'exception des fils de remplissage) et lire les critères de dépose dans le
Tableau 3 pour les fils cassés sur une longueur de 6d et 30d pour les conditions appropriées.
Si le câble fait partie des câbles anti-giratoires indiqués dans l'Annexe G, appliquer le RCN correspondant et
lire les critères de dépose indiqués dans le Tableau 4 pour les fils cassés sur une longueur de 6d et 30d. Si la
composition n'est pas indiquée dans l'Annexe G, déterminer le nombre de torons extérieurs et le nombre total
de fils porteurs dans la couche extérieure de torons dans le câble (en faisant la somme de tous les fils dans la
couche extérieure de torons, à l'exception des fils de remplissage) et lire les critères de dépose dans le
Tableau 4 pour les fils cassés sur une longueur de 6d et 30d pour les conditions appropriées.
6.2.3 Ruptures de câbles autres que celles résultant de l'utilisation
Du fait du transport, du stockage, de la manutention, de l'installation et de la fabrication, un fil isolé peut être
cassé. À ce titre, les ruptures de fil isolées ne sont pas considérées comme des détériorations résultant des
opérations en service, telles que la fatigue en flexion sur laquelle les valeurs des Tableaux 3 et 4 sont
largement fondées. Elles ne devraient normalement pas être prises en compte lors d'une inspection du câble
au titre de la rupture de fils. Cependant, il convient que leur existence, si elle est découverte, soit enregistrée
car cela peut aider pour des inspections futures.
Dans l'éventualité où de tels fils cassés sont trouvés et que leurs extrémités dé
...

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Frequently Asked Questions

ISO 4309:2010 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Its full title is "Cranes - Wire ropes - Care and maintenance, inspection and discard". This standard covers: ISO 4309:2010 establishes general principles for the care and maintenance, and inspection and discard of steel wire ropes used on cranes and hoists. It is applicable to those ropes used on the following types of cranes, the majority of which are defined in ISO 4306‑1: cable and portal cable cranes; cantilever cranes (pillar jib, wall or walking); deck cranes; derrick and guy derrick cranes; derrick cranes with rigid bracing; floating cranes; mobile cranes; overhead travelling cranes; portal or semi-portal bridge cranes; portal or semi-portal cranes; railway cranes; tower cranes; offshore cranes.

ISO 4309:2010 establishes general principles for the care and maintenance, and inspection and discard of steel wire ropes used on cranes and hoists. It is applicable to those ropes used on the following types of cranes, the majority of which are defined in ISO 4306‑1: cable and portal cable cranes; cantilever cranes (pillar jib, wall or walking); deck cranes; derrick and guy derrick cranes; derrick cranes with rigid bracing; floating cranes; mobile cranes; overhead travelling cranes; portal or semi-portal bridge cranes; portal or semi-portal cranes; railway cranes; tower cranes; offshore cranes.

ISO 4309:2010 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 53.020.30 - Accessories for lifting equipment. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.

ISO 4309:2010 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ISO 4309:2017, ISO 4309:2004/Amd 1:2008, ISO 4309:2004. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.

You can purchase ISO 4309:2010 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of ISO standards.

記事のタイトル:ISO 4309:2010 - クレーン-ワイヤーロープ-のケアとメンテナンス、検査と廃話 記事内容:ISO 4309:2010は、クレーンやホイストに使用される鋼ワイヤーロープのケアとメンテナンス、検査と廃棄に関する一般的な原則を確立しています。この規格は、ISO 4306-1で定義されたさまざまなタイプのクレーンに使用されるロープに適用されます。ケーブルとポータルケーブルクレーン、カンチレバークレーン、デッキクレーン、デリッククレーン、フローティングクレーン、モービルクレーン、オーバーヘッドクレーン、ポータルまたはセミポータルブリッジクレーン、ポータルまたはセミポータルクレーン、鉄道クレーン、タワークレーン、オフショアクレーンなどが含まれます。

The article discusses ISO 4309:2010, which provides guidelines for the care and maintenance, inspection, and discard of steel wire ropes used on cranes and hoists. The standard applies to various types of cranes, including cable and portal cable cranes, cantilever cranes, deck cranes, derrick cranes, floating cranes, mobile cranes, overhead travelling cranes, portal or semi-portal bridge cranes, railway cranes, tower cranes, and offshore cranes.

제목 : ISO 4309:2010 - 크레인 - 와이어 로프 - 관리 및 유지보수, 검사 및 폐기 내용 : ISO 4309:2010은 크레인과 호이스트에 사용되는 강철 와이어 로프의 관리와 유지보수, 검사 및 폐기에 대한 일반적인 원칙을 제시한다. 이는 ISO 4306-1에 정의된 다양한 유형의 크레인에 사용되는 로프에 적용된다. 이에는 케이블과 포탈 케이블 크레인, 캉틸레버 크레인, 데크 크레인, 뎁 크레인, 뎁 스트럭처가 있는 뎁 크레인, 부유 크레인, 이동 크레인, 오버헤드가있는 이동 크레인, 포탈 또는 반 포탈 브리지 크레인, 포탈 또는 반 포탈 크레인, 철도 크레인, 타워 크레인, 해상 크레인 등이 포함된다.