ISO 37151:2024

International
Standard
ISO 37151
First edition
Smart community infrastructures —
2024-09
Principles and requirements for
performance metrics
Infrastructures communautaires intelligentes — Principes et
exigences pour la métrique des performances
Reference number
© ISO 2024
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ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Overview . 3
4.1 General .3
4.2 Possible uses .3
4.2.1 General .3
4.2.2 Support tool for community managers .4
4.2.3 Facilitation tool .4
5 Principles . 4
5.1 General .4
5.2 Ideal properties to be achieved .5
5.3 Relating community issues onto community infrastructure performances .5
5.4 Possible stakeholders to be considered .6
6 Requirements for common approach to identify metrics . 7
6.1 General requirements .7
6.2 Requirements for understanding the perspectives of key stakeholders for community
infrastructures .9
6.2.1 General .9
6.2.2 Residents perspective . . .9
6.2.3 Community managers perspective .9
6.2.4 Environmental perspective .9
6.3 Requirements for identifying the category of needs .10
6.3.1 General .10
6.3.2 Category of needs related to residents .10
6.3.3 Category of needs related to community managers .10
6.3.4 Category of needs related to the environment .10
6.4 Guidance for translating the categories of needs into performance characteristics .10
6.4.1 General .10
6.4.2 Performance characteristics related to residents .11
6.4.3 Performance characteristics related to community managers . 12
6.4.4 Performance characteristics from the environmental perspective . 13
6.5 Requirements for identifying indicators . 13
Annex A (informative) Examples of applicability of the step-wise approach to existing key
performance indicators for particular types of community infrastructure .15
Annex B (informative) Example of relating community issues onto community infrastructure
performances .44
Bibliography .48

iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
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The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
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This document was prepared by Technical Committee TC 268, Sustainable cities and communities,
Subcommittee SC 1, Smart community infrastructures.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

iv
Introduction
Communities have various goals to achieve, such as increasing the quality of life, economic growth, poverty
reduction, antipollution measures and congestion mitigation.
Community infrastructures such as energy, water, transportation, waste, information and communications
technology (ICT) and education infrastructure are fundamental to support the operations and activities of
communities. Investment in community infrastructure is an important enabler for communities in achieving
the internationally recognized community goals, e.g. the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals
[14] [15]
(SDGs) and promoting pro-poor growth . The demand for community infrastructure will continue to
expand significantly in the decades ahead, driven by major factors of change, such as population growth,
[16]
and urbanization. According to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) ,
total cumulative infrastructure requirements amount to about USD 53 trillion from 2010 to 2030.
It has long been argued that human activity is surpassing the capacity of the Earth. The imperative for
further growth of infrastructure (e.g. improving living standards and addressing resource efficiency)
sometimes conflicts with a path to sustainability. As a result, there is a need for community infrastructure
to contribute to sustainability and resilience of communities more effectively and efficiently by balancing
multiple perspectives and integrating decision making. Such solutions are often referred to as “smart.” A
number of plans and projects to build “smart cities” are currently underway. In addition, international trade
for community infrastructure products and services has increased including solution-providing services.
Standards are an important source of technological information. They help governments and businesses of
all shapes and sizes to work more efficiently, increase productivity, increase credibility and confidence, and
access new markets. For example, as they define the performances that products and services have to meet
in the global markets, standards help developing countries or small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)
take part fairly in international trade.
The purpose of standardization in the field of smart community infrastructure is to promote the international
trade of community infrastructure products and services and disseminate information about cutting-edge
technologies to improve sustainability in communities by establishing harmonized product standards. The
users and associated benefits of these metrics are illustrated in Figure 2.
This document gives principles and specifies requirements for community infrastructure performance
metrics and gives recommendations for analysis of community infrastructure.
This document is intended to be useful to the following individuals and groups:
— national and local governments;
— regional organizations;
— community planners;
— developers;
— community infrastructure operators (e.g. in the field of energy, water, transportation, waste, ICT);
— community infrastructure vendors (e.g. constructors, engineering firms, system integrators or
component manufacturers);
— non-governmental organizations (e.g. consumer groups);
— citizens.
Using a model of the community functions in Figure 1, this document focuses on assessing the performance
of the infrastructure layer and respects the societal or cultural diversity of communities as traits of each
community.
As illustrated in Figure 1:
— Functions of community infrastructures are fundamental to support the other two layers.

v
— Products and services of community infrastructures are more technology-oriented and more
internationally-tradable than those in other layers and therefore appropriate for international
standardization.
SOURCE ISO/TR 37150:2014
Figure 1 — Layers of a community
NOTE 1 Because of the diversity of communities, it is not realistic to apply "one-size-fits-all" solutions.
NOTE 2 This document considers not only built or constructed community infrastructures but also the utilization
of natural systems (i.e. green infrastructure which uses natural hydrologic features to manage water and provide
environmental and community benefits).
NOTE 3 This document recognizes two types of ICT:
a) community infrastructure ICT, e.g. telecommunication, common databases.
b) ICTs which are integrated within a facility or equipment as a means for control.
This document is focused on a), although b) is often a useful means to achieve smart communities or smart community
infrastructures.
NOTE 4 This document recognizes that solutions for similar problems in communities in different economic
situations (e.g. developed and developing countries) can call for different importance of metrics or performance
indicators of community infrastructures. This document is not a recommendation document for best practices. This
document does not make recommendations, e.g. replicating existing specific smart infrastructures or levelling them
up to the standards of such model projects at a large scale. It is left to the user whether to set targets or not when
applying this document.
NOTE 5 Although this document does not address principles or requirements specific to a particular type of
community infrastructure, compatibility of this document with existing International Standards for a particular type
of community infrastructure (e.g. ISO 24510, ISO 24511 and ISO 24512) was considered.

vi
International Standard ISO 37151:2024(en)
Smart community infrastructures — Principles and
requirements for performance metrics
1 Scope
This document specifies principles and requirements for the definition, identification, optimization and
harmonization of community infrastructure performance metrics. It provides recommendations for the
analysis of community infrastructure, including availability, interoperability, synergy, resilience, safety,
security and sustainability.
Community infrastructure includes, but is not limited to, energy, water, transportation, waste and ICT.
The principles and requirements of this document are applicable to communities of any size sharing
geographic areas that are planning, commissioning, managing, and assessing, all or any element of its
community infrastructure. However, the selection and the importance of metrics or (key) performance
indicators of community infrastructures are a result of the application of this document and depends on the
characteristics of each community.
In this document, the concept of smartness is addressed in terms of performance relevant to technologically
implementable solutions, in accordance with the sustainable development and resilience of communities.
NOTE This document does not address measurement, reporting or verification. For possible deliverables related
to this document, see ISO/TR 37150:2014, Clause 6. This document does not compare different communities, but
allows communities to assess community infrastructure more effectively.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
community
group of people with an arrangement of responsibilities, activities and relationships
Note 1 to entry: In the context of this document, a community has defined geographical boundaries.
Note 2 to entry: A city is a type of community
[SOURCE: ISO 37100:2016, 3.2.2, modified ─ "In many, but not all, contexts" in Note 1 to entry is changed to
"In the context of this document".]

3.2
community infrastructure
system of facilities, equipment and services that support the operations and activities of communities
Note 1 to entry: Such community infrastructure includes, but is not limited to, energy, water, transportation, waste
and information and communication technologies (ICT).
[SOURCE: ISO 37100:2016, 3.6.1]
3.3
smart community infrastructure
community infrastructure with enhanced technological performance that is designed, operated and
maintained to contribute to sustainable development and resilience of the community
3.4
sustainability
state of the global system, including environmental, social and economic aspects, in which the needs of the
present are met without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
Note 1 to entry: The environmental, social and economic aspects interact, are interdependent and are often referred
to as the three dimensions of sustainability.
Note 2 to entry: Sustainability is the goal of sustainable development (3.5).
[SOURCE: ISO Guide 82:2019, 3.1]
3.5
sustainable development
development that meets the environmental, social, and economic needs of the present without compromising
the ability of future generations to meet their own category of needs
[SOURCE: ISO Guide 82:2019, 3.2, modified — Note 1 to entry deleted.]
3.6
environment
surroundings in which an organization operates, including air, water, land, natural resources, flora, fauna,
humans, and their interrelationships
[SOURCE: ISO 14050:2020, 3.2.2]
3.7
environmental impact
change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an
organization's environmental aspects
[SOURCE: ISO 14001:2015, 3.2.4]
3.8
interoperability
ability of systems to provide services to and accept services from other systems and to use the services so
exchanged to enable them to operate effectively together
[SOURCE: ISO 21007-1:2005, 2.30]
3.9
life cycle
consecutive and interlinked stages of a product system, from raw material acquisition or generation from
natural resources to final disposal
[SOURCE: ISO 14044:2006, 3.1]
3.10
life-cycle cost
total investment in product development, manufacturing, test, distribution, operation, support, training,
and disposal
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC/IEEE 24765:2017, 3.2218]
3.11
metric
the defined measurement method and the measurement scale
[SOURCE: ISO/TR 37150:2014]
3.12
provider
person or organization involved in or associated with the delivery of products or services, or both
3.13
safety
freedom from unacceptable risk
3.14
indicator
quantitative, qualitative or descriptive measure
[SOURCE: ISO 15392:2019, 3.18]
4 Overview
4.1 General
This subclause provides an overview of Clause 4 to Clause 6 and the annexes of this document, while 4.2
describes possible uses of this document.
Clause 5 specifies the principles which provide the conceptual backbone to the definition, identification,
optimization, and harmonization of community infrastructure performance metrics and provides
understanding of the requirements and guidance in Clause 6.
Clause 6 provides the requirements and guidance for defining, identifying, optimizing and harmonizing
smart community infrastructure performance metrics. 6.1 introduces a step-wise approach to identify
community infrastructure performance metrics as a requirement. 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, and 6.5 provide requirements
and guidance for conducting each step of the approach required in 6.1.
Annex A provides examples of the applicability of the step-wise approach to existing key performance
indicators for specific types of community infrastructure.
Annex B provides an example of relating community issues onto community infrastructure performance.
4.2 Possible uses
4.2.1 General
This subclause describes non-exhaustive possible uses of this document. The users and associated benefits
of these metrics are illustrated in Figure 2.

SOURCE ISO/TR 37150:2014, modified.
Figure 2 — Users of the metrics and associated benefits
4.2.2 Support tool for community managers
This document is intended to be used as a support tool for community managers, for example:
— to align the relationship between community issues and infrastructure performances;
— to prioritize investments in new community infrastructure and areas for improvement in existing
community infrastructures among the different types of community infrastructures (e.g. to point out
where to reach the highest effectiveness for investments in the community infrastructure by taking
multiple perspectives into account);
— to identify metrics applied for the purpose of measurements of dynamic data that allow management
and feedback to improve the community in terms of utilization and sustainability.
4.2.3 Facilitation tool
This document is intended to be used as a facilitation tool for both owners and operators, and providers of
community infrastructure products and services, for example:
— to serve as a framework for discussion on the performances of community infrastructures to be
introduced;
— to provide a common language among multiple stakeholders, including owners and operators, and
providers of community infrastructure products and services, by helping identify performance
characteristics of community infrastructures to contribute to community priorities when they discuss
community issues and the introduction or improvement of community infrastructures;
— to help owners and operators compare multiple proposals of the introduction or improvement of
community infrastructure products and services from multiple providers in terms of performances;
NOTE This document does not require its users to set targets.
5 Principles
5.1 General
This clause specifies the principles which provide the conceptual foundation to the definition, identification,
optimization, and harmonization of community infrastructure performance metrics. 5.2 introduces the

ideal properties to be considered in the process of defining or identifying a set of community infrastructure
performance metrics. 5.3 requires relating performance characteristics to community issues and priorities.
5.4 addresses the stakeholders of communities to be considered in the definition, identification, optimization
and harmonization of community infrastructure performance metrics.
5.2 Ideal properties to be achieved
In the definition, identification, optimization or harmonization of community infrastructure performance
metrics, the following ideal properties of smart community infrastructure performance metrics should:
— be harmonized;
— include items useful for as many stakeholders as possible involved in trades of community infrastructure
products and services (e.g. local governments, developers, suppliers, investors and users);
— facilitate evaluation of the technical performance of community infrastructures, contributing to
sustainability and resilience of communities;
— be applicable to different stages of the development of communities and community infrastructures;
— reflect the dynamic properties of the community infrastructures;
— be selected with consideration for the synergies and trade-offs of multiple issues or aspects that a
community faces, such as environmental impacts and quality of community services. Addressing only a
single issue or aspect can be considered non-smart;
— focus on advanced features of community infrastructures such as interoperability, expandability and
efficiency rather than the status-quo;
— be applicable to a diverse range of communities (e.g. geographical location, sizes, economic structures,
levels of economic development, stages of infrastructure development) and a diversity of individuals
within communities by considering a full range of the population (e.g. age, gender, income, disability,
ethnicity);
— allow consideration of multiple community infrastructures (e.g. energy, water, transportation, waste,
ICT) that support the operations and activities of communities;
— allow technologically implementable solutions;
— allow a holistic perspective of multiple community infrastructures (more specifically, to consider
an integrated system which includes the interaction and coordination of multiple community
infrastructures);
— allow evaluation of the technical performance (e.g. efficiency, effectiveness) of community infrastructures
rather than characteristics of specific technologies;
— be based on transparent and scientific logic.
5.3 Relating community issues onto community infrastructure performances
In the definition, identification, optimization or harmonization of community infrastructure performance
metrics, performances characteristics to be measured should be related to community issues. This is
to ensure that the identified community infrastructure performance metrics represent the community
infrastructure performances that contribute to improve or cope with the community issues which are of
interest to the users of this document.
NOTE 1 Community issues are challenges that a community faces. The issues and their priorities are usually
different for different communities.
NOTE 2 Some indicators, e.g. indicators specified by ISO 37120 or SDGs, are useful to understand and align
community issues.
One possible method to relate community issues with community infrastructure performances is to prepare
a table showing the relationship between community infrastructure performance characteristics and
community issues as shown in Table 1. For more details see Annex B.
Table 1 — Schematic representation of the relationship between community infrastructure
performance characteristics and community issues
Community infrastructure Community issues
performance characteristics
Issue 1 Issue 2 Issue 3 Issue 4 Issue 5
Performance characteristics A *** ** *
Performance characteristics B ** ** *
Performance characteristics C * *** *
Performance characteristics D * *** *
NOTE The number of “*” indicates the degree of relations between the performance listed in the row and the
issue listed in the column.
5.4 Possible stakeholders to be considered
In general, a community has multiple stakeholders with multiple interests and it is not easy to meet all
of them through conventional approaches. For example, it is easy to increase the convenience of public
transportation by increasing the number of services. However, it is difficult to do so while reducing cost
and environmental impacts at the same time. Therefore, community infrastructure performance metrics
shall be identified in a well-balanced way which covers multiple perspectives of different stakeholders of
communities. In the identification of community infrastructure performance metrics, the interests of the
following stakeholders should be considered:
NOTE Key stakeholders of community infrastructures can be different for different users of this document
according to their interests and purposes.
— People or citizens: People or citizens of the community are one of the major users of community
infrastructure. Therefore, the diversity of perspectives of people or citizens is essential to identify
community infrastructure performance metrics.
— Industry or enterprises: Industries or enterprises which have, or plan to have, activities in the community
are another major type of user of community infrastructure. Therefore, their perspectives are essential
to identify community infrastructure performance metrics. In addition, interests of industries or
enterprises are also essential for community governors and planners because the performance of
community infrastructure is an important prerequisite to attract and bring industries or enterprises
which play an essential part in the economy and functions of a community.
— Municipalities: Municipalities are usually the administrators that regulate the operation of community
infrastructure.
— Infrastructure operators: Because infrastructure operators are the direct providers of community
infrastructure services, they are stakeholders to which community infrastructure performances are
closely related.
— Product, service, and solution providers: Although product, service, and solution providers are not
always the direct providers of community infrastructure services, they provide machines, components,
systems, services, and solutions which are necessary for infrastructure operators to provide community
infrastructure services. Thus, interests of these stakeholders are also essential to identify community
infrastructure performance metrics.
— Financial institutions and investors: As the construction and operation of community infrastructure
tend to be large-scale, long-span projects, the role of financial institutions and investors is essential. The
planned, expected, and achieved performances of community infrastructure will be important for this
group of stakeholders as part of the criteria for financing and investment.

— Academia and research institutions: R&D on infrastructure related to smart cities and communities
are very frequently conducted. Academia and research institutions play an important role in evaluating
community infrastructure.
6 Requirements for common approach to identify metrics
6.1 General requirements
The identification of community infrastructure performance metrics shall be conducted through a step-
wise approach described below in accordance with the principles introduced in Clause 5:
Step a) Understand the perspectives of key stakeholders for community infrastructures as described in 5.4;
Step b) Identify the categories of needs which are important from the perspectives determined in a);
Step c) Translate the categories of needs identified in b) into performance characteristics;
Step d) Identify indicators which are appropriate to measure each of the performance characteristics
identified in b) and c).
Table 2 illustrates the identification of community infrastructure performance metrics following this
approach.
In step a) of the above approach, perspectives shall be determined so that they represent multiple interests
of different stakeholders of communities including residents, community managers, and the environment or
the equivalent of these.
NOTE 1 The identified community infrastructure performance metrics using this approach can be different for
communities or for different users because the determinations of perspectives and identifications of the category of
needs can be different.
NOTE 2 Those stakeholders can be found according to ISO 37120 and ISO 26000.
NOTE 3 Indicators [step d)] and performance characteristics [step c)] as well as categories of needs [step b)] can be
interrelated in "n-by-m" correspondence.

Table 2 — Approach to identify community infrastructure performance metrics with examples of
performance characteristics
Step b) Step c)
Step a) The categories of needs Performance characteristics Step d)
Perspectives (minimum) (examples) Indicators
Residents Availability Temporal coverage XXX
(end-users,
Areal coverage XXX
beneficiaries,
Population coverage XXX
consumers)
Stability XXX
Accessibility Capability of being accessed and used by a wide XXX
range of people
Affordability Service price XXX
Safety and security Safety XXX
Cyber security and data privacy XXX
Physical security XXX
Quality of service Service capacity XXX
Easy procedure to understand and use XXX
Proper invoicing XXX
Community infrastructure-specific qualities XXX
Provision of information XXX
Community man- Operational Interoperability XXX
agers efficiency
Appropriate size of facilities XXX
Flexibility for the size of demands XXX
Operational efficiency XXX
Economic efficiency Total life-cycle cost XXX
Investment efficiency XXX
Performance Customer communication XXX
information
availability
Maintainability Appropriateness of maintenance XXX
Efficiency of maintenance XXX
Resilience Robustness XXX
Redundancy XXX
Substitutability XXX
Swiftness of recovery XXX
Environment Circularity Efficiency of energy consumption XXX
Efficiency of natural resource consumption XXX
Net amount of waste XXX
Mitigation of climate change Amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission XXX
Prevention of Amount of pollutant emission XXX
pollution
Level of sensory nuisance XXX
Conservation of Amount of green space XXX
ecosystem
Control of surface run-off and drainage XXX
Contribution to human and public health XXX
NOTE 1 A detailed description of “environment” is given in 6.2.4.
NOTE 2 Annex A provides examples of existing metrics.

6.2 Requirements for understanding the perspectives of key stakeholders for community
infrastructures
6.2.1 General
This document takes into account three perspectives of stakeholders, i.e. residents, community managers,
and environment from 6.1 step a). To facilitate field application of the required approach, multiple diverse
perspectives of community stakeholders are represented by one of these three conceptual stakeholders (See
Figure 3).
Figure 3 — Example of a model of multiple perspectives
6.2.2 Residents perspective
This perspective represents interests of users, consumers or beneficiaries of community infrastructure
services, e.g. people, citizens, visitors, industries or enterprises. This perspective focuses on the community
infrastructure performance characteristics which users directly sense and care about, e.g. accessibility,
safety and security of community infrastructures services.
NOTE This perspective addresses residents as the direct users of community infrastructure services. Residents
who suffer from side effects of the community infrastructure operation, e.g. environmental pollution including noise,
are addressed in the environmental perspective.
6.2.3 Community managers perspective
This perspective represents the interests of planners, providers or administrators of community
infrastructure services, e.g. municipalities and infrastructure operators.
This perspective focuses on the managerial performance category of needs with respect to providing
services which users usually do not care about, e.g. operational efficiency, maintainability, expandability of
community infrastructures.
6.2.4 Environmental perspective
This perspective represents environmental issues, e.g. resource limitations, pollution, ecosystem.

6.3 Requirements for identifying the category of needs
6.3.1 General
In step b) of the approach required in 6.1, the following categories of needs shall be considered as a minimum.
6.3.2 Category of needs related to residents
— Availability: the services are in place for the beneficiaries.
— Accessibility: beneficiaries have access to services regardless of their physical or mental conditions.
— Affordability: potential users can bear the expense of the service.
— Safety and security: the lives, bodies and properties of residents are not harmed or damaged by
community infrastructure performance disruptions or other incidents.
— Quality of service: a community infrastructure operator provides differentiated services beyond the
availability level.
6.3.3 Category of needs related to community managers
— Operational efficiency: the community infrastructure facility is designed with an appropriate size
meeting the community demands and the capacity is efficiently utilized.
— Economic efficiency: the investment in community infrastructures is viable from socio-economic
viewpoints.
— Performance information availability: performance information of community infrastructure is
available.
— Maintainability: community infrastructure systems are easy to maintain.
— Resilience: community infrastructure systems are designed to continue providing services in emergencies
and to quickly recover from damage and suspension of services.
6.3.4 Category of needs related to the environment
— Circularity: community infrastructure systems are designed to efficiently use natural resources such
as materials and energy, including reduction of the amount of waste through the circular economy
[13]
transition .
— Mitigation of climate change: community infrastructures are designed, operated, and maintained to
mitigate the effect on climate change.
— Prevention of pollution: infrastructure systems are designed, operated and maintained to decrease the
extent of pollution.
NOTE Pollution includes air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, vibration, noise, odour generated within
or released to the outside of the community.
— Conservation of ecosystems: community infrastructures are designed, operated and maintained to
conserve or to enhance the ecosystem(s).
6.4 Guidance for translating the categories of needs into performance characteristics
6.4.1 General
In step c) of the approach required in 6.1, the following performance characteristics can be considered.
NOTE There can be performance characteristics specific to the type of community infrastructure.

6.4.2 Performance characteristics related to residents
a) Performance characteristics for availability:
1) Temporal coverage: the available hours of community infrastructure services.
2) Areal coverage: the extent to which the community infrastructures physically cover the area of a
community.
3) Population coverage: the proportion of the population of a community that is served by the
community infrastructure.
4) Stability: the extent to which the community infrastructures operate without interruption.
b) Performance characteristics for accessibility:
1) Capability of being accessed and used by a wide range of people: the extent to which the community
infrastructures are accessible for people regardless of their individual language, disability, etc.
c) Performance characteristics for affordability:
1) Service price: the fee to use the community infrastructures.
d) Performance characteristics for safety and security:
1) Safety: the extent to which community infrastructures are designed, operated and maintained
to reduce risk to a tolerable level, which can vary among communities and types of community
infrastructures.
2) Cyber security and data privacy: the extent to which community infrastructures are designed,
operated, and maintained to protect information and control systems against unintended accesses,
manipulation or unintended distribution of data.
3) Physical security: the extent to which community infrastructures are designed, operated, and
maintained to protect people and properties against intentional attacks, e.g. terrorism, crimes, or
mischief.
e) Performance characteristics for quality of service:
1) Service capacity: the extent to which the community infrastructures have capacity to provide
services without causing congestion or a limitation on the amount of use.
2) Easy procedure to understand and use: the extent to which community infrastructures can be used
via relatively easy procedure, including user interface (e.g. supported by community governmental
services using electrical data basis to access, by adaptable to internationally recognized transaction
system).
3) Proper invoicing: the extent to which fees for community infrastructures are properly invoiced in
terms of amount, timing and quality of services.
4) Community infrastructure-specific qualities: attributes particularly relevant to an individual
community infrastructure, e.g. duration for transportation or taste of drinking water, personnel
mobility in the community.
5) Provision of information: the extent to which residents are provided with all relevant information
about community infrastructures, including scheduled suspension of operation, damage status,
evacuation information and expected recovery period in an emergency and information about
replacement services.
6.4.3 Performance characteristics related to community managers
a) Performance characteristics for operational efficiency:
1) Interoperability: the extent to which a community infrastructure provides services to and accepts
services from other community infrastructures and to use the exchanged services to enable them
to operate effectively together.
2) Appropriate size of facilities: the extent to which the physical size of the facilities is appropriate in
comparison with the amount of demand to be met.
EXAMPLE The total length of the pipe network of the civil water system or the capacity of a water
treatment plant.
3) Flexibility for the size of demands: the extent to which community infrastructures are designed,
operated, and maintained to flexibly adjust themsel
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