ISO 37105:2019

DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 37105
ISO/TC 268 Secretariat: AFNOR
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2018-07-09 2018-10-01
Sustainable cities and communities — Descriptive
framework for cities and communities
Développement durable des collectivités — Cadre descriptif pour les villes et les collectivités
ICS: 13.020.20
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ISO/DIS 37105:2018(E)
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PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2018

ISO/DIS 37105:2018(E)
© ISO 2018
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ii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

ISO/DIS 37105:2018(E)
Contents
Foreword . v
Introduction. vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 1
4 Descriptive Framework of Cities and Communities . 2
4.1 General description of the City . 2
4.2 Cities as Ecosystems . 2
4.3 How the Descriptive Framework supports governance and transformation . 3
4.4 Basic elements of the Descriptive Framework for Cities and Communities . 3
4.4.1 Structure (system) . 3
4.4.2 Interactions (system) . 4
4.4.3 Society (system) . 4
4.5 Structure (system) . 4
4.5.1 Environment . 4
4.5.2 Infrastructures . 5
4.5.3 Built Domain . 10
4.5.4 The Three Subsystems of the Structure . 11
4.6 Interactions (system) . 11
4.6.1 Functions . 11
4.6.2 Economy . 11
4.6.3 Culture . 11
4.6.4 Information . 12
4.7 Society (system) . 13
4.7.1 Citizens . 13
4.7.2 Government . 13
5 A Foundation Ontology for the Descriptive Framework of Cities and Communities . 13
5.1 The Descriptive Framework as a Basis for the City Anatomy Ontology . 13
5.2 Ontologies taxonomies and controlled vocabularies . 13
5.3 Descriptive Framework City Anatomy Foundation Ontology Design Principles . 14
5.3.1 Basic Competency Questions of the Descriptive Framework City Anatomy
Foundation Ontology (CAO) . 15
5.3.2 Strategic Design Objectives of the Descriptive Framework City Anatomy Ontology
(CAO) . 15
5.3.3 The city as a “system of systems” . 16
5.4 Structure system . 18
5.4.1 Environment . 19
5.4.2 Infrastructures . 20
5.4.3 Built domain . 22
5.5 Interactions system . 24
5.5.1 City Indicators . 27
5.6 Society system . 30
5.7 City Dynamics as City Processes. 34
Annex A (informative) Applying the Descriptive Framework to Core Organizing Activities
for Cities: Governance, Evaluation, and Transformation . 37
A.1 Governance . 37
A.2 Evaluation . 38
A.3 City Transformation and Knowledge Sharing . 39
iii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

ISO/DIS 37105:2018(E)
Annex B (informative) Developing guidelines for multi-purpose public spaces with
physiological performance described by the Descriptive Framework . 41
B.1 Elaboration of the Descriptive Framework City Anatomy Ontology Classes . 43
B.2 Elaboration of the CAO Classes (in the Descriptive Framework) . 43
B.2.1 The city as a system of systems . 43
B.2.2 The Structure system . 44
B.2.3 The Interactions system. 49
B.2.4 The Society system . 53
B.2.5 City dynamics and City processes . 54
Bibliography . 57
iv © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

ISO/DIS 37105:2018(E)
1 Foreword
2 ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
3 bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
4 through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
5 committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
6 organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
7 collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
8 electrotechnical standardization.
9 The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
10 described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
11 different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
12 editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
13 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
14 patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any
15 patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on
16 the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
17 Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
18 constitute an endorsement.
19 For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
20 expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World
21 Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL:
22 www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
23 This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 268, Smart and Sustainable Cities and
24 Communities.
25 This is the first edition of this standard.
26 A list of all parts in the ISO 37100 series can be found on the ISO website.
v © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

ISO/DIS 37105:2018(E)
27 Introduction
28 The Descriptive Framework for Cities and Communities detailed in this document helps city and
29 community stakeholders define a common language to describe cities and communities. This Framework
30 can facilitate the sharing of ideas, data and solutions within, and also between, cities. The Descriptive
31 Framework, which can also be referred to as the city anatomy, serves as a basic blueprint to facilitate the
32 integration of operating systems and services within a city or community. Ultimately, the Descriptive
33 Framework can be the basis of a formal ontology—or knowledge model—which can be useful for helping
34 to plan and implement city operating solutions, particularly for those cities operating solutions and
35 services that may require digital machine-readable information.
36 A city or community is a system of systems and interactions that fosters emergent human behaviour. It
37 can be seen as an arrangement of, and set of relationships between, the multiple layers of a permanent
38 human settlement, with an administrative and legal status supported by laws and generally recognized
39 throughout the world. Rather than being static, discreet entities, cities or communities often have porous
40 and sometimes ambiguous borders (politically, economically, environmentally, and socially) and can thus
41 often be difficult to describe. The structure, interactions, and societal aspects of a city or community are
42 also integral parts of all wider systems of systems extending beyond the city borders. However, more
43 than half the world’s population now lives in cities or communities and many of humanity’s chronic
44 challenges are faced in cities or communities. A common descriptive framework for cities o
...