Refrigerants — Designation and safety classification

ISO 817:2014 provides an unambiguous system for assigning designations to refrigerants. It also establishes a system for assigning a safety classification to refrigerants based on toxicity and flammability data, and provides a means of determining the refrigerant concentration limit.

Fluides frigorigènes — Désignation et classification de sécurité

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Published
Publication Date
27-May-2014
Current Stage
9599 - Withdrawal of International Standard
Due Date
27-Nov-2024
Completion Date
27-Nov-2024
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FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 817
ISO/TC 86/SC 8
Refrigerants — Designation and safety
Secretariat: ANSI
classification
Voting begins on:
2012-09-03
Fluides frigorigènes — Désignation et classification de sécurité
Voting terminates on:
2012-11-03
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO­
ISO/FDIS 817:2012(E)
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN­
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
©
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. ISO 2012

ISO/FDIS 817:2012(E)
Copyright notice
This ISO document is a Draft International Standard and is copyright­protected by ISO. Except as
permitted under the applicable laws of the user’s country, neither this ISO draft nor any extract
from it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission being secured.
Requests for permission to reproduce should be addressed to either ISO at the address below or ISO’s
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E­mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Reproduction may be subject to royalty payments or a licensing agreement.
Violators may be prosecuted.
ii © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

ISO/FDIS 817:2012(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non­governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies
casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 817 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 86, Refrigeration and air-conditioning,
Subcommittee SC 8, Refrigerants and refrigeration lubricants.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 817:2005), which has been technically revised.
FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 817:2012(E)
Refrigerants — Designation and safety classification
1 Scope
This International Standard provides an unambiguous system for assigning designations to refrigerants.
It also establishes a system for assigning a safety classification to refrigerants based on toxicity and
flammability data and provides a means of determining the refrigerant concentration limit. Tables listing
the refrigerant designations, safety classifications and the refrigerant concentration limits are included.
2  Terms, definitions, abbreviated terms and symbols
2.1  Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
2.1.1
acute toxicity
adverse health effect(s) from a single, short­term exposure, as might occur during an accidental release
of refrigerants
2.1.2
acute-toxicity exposure limit
ATEL
maximum recommended refrigerant concentration determined in accordance with this International
Standard and intended to reduce the risks of acute toxicity hazards to humans in the event of a
refrigerant release
2.1.3
anaesthetic effect
impairment of the ability to perceive pain and other sensory stimulation
2.1.4
approximate lethal concentration
ALC
concentration of a refrigerant, that was lethal to even a single test animal but to less than 50 % of the
animals in that group when tested by the same conditions as for an LC test
2.1.5
azeotrope
blend composed of two or more refrigerants whose equilibrium vapour and liquid phase compositions
are the same at a given pressure, but may be different at other conditions
2.1.6
blends
mixtures composed of two or more refrigerants
2.1.7
burning velocity
S
u
maximum velocity at which a laminar flame propagates in a normal direction relative to the unburned
gas ahead of it
NOTE This value is expressed in centimetres per second.
ISO/FDIS 817:2012(E)
2.1.8
central nervous system effect
CNS
treatment-related depression, distraction, stimulation, or other behavioural modification to a degree
that could represent an impairment of the ability to escape
2.1.9
chronic toxicity
adverse health effect(s) from long­term repeated exposures
2.1.10
combustion
exothermal reaction between an oxidant component (combustive) and a reducer (combustible fuel)
2.1.11
compound
substance composed of two or more atoms chemically bonded in definite proportions
2.1.12
critical point
conditions above which distinct liquid and gas phases do not exist
2.1.13
cyclic compound
organic compound whose structure is characterized by a closed ring of atoms
2.1.14
effective concentration 50 %
EC
concentration of a refrigerant, that has caused a biological effect to 50 % of exposed animals in a test for
anaesthetic or other effects
NOTE This value is typically a calculated value from experimental data.
2.1.15
elevated temperature flame limit
ETFL
minimum concentration by volume percent of the refrigerant that is capable of propagating a flame
through a homogeneous mixture of the refrigerant and air under test conditions specified in subclause
5.1.2 at 60,0°C and 101,3 kPa
2.1.16
equivalence ratio
fraction of the combustible in the mixture divided by the combustible fraction at the stoichiometric conditions
NOTE 1 Can be written as (combustible fraction) / (combustible fraction) .
st
NOTE 2 Used in the determination of burning velocity.
NOTE 3 Lean mixtures have an equivalence ratio lower than one and rich mixtures have an equivalence ratio
greater than one.
2.1.17
flame
space where combustion takes place, resulting in a temperature increase and light emission
2 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

ISO/FDIS 817:2012(E)
2.1.18
flame propagation
combustion, causing a continuous flame which moves upward and outward from the point of ignition
without help from the point of ignition without help from the ignition source
NOTE Flame propagation as applied in the test method for determining LFL and flammability classification
is specified in B.1.7. Flame propagation as applied in the test method for determining burning velocity is
described in Annex C.
2.1.19
flammable
property of a mixture in which a flame is capable of self-propagating for a certain distance
NOTE 1 In its large sense, it characterizes relatively how easy it is for a chemical substance to be ignited and to
sustain the combustion. In a more restrained manner, as used in the studies related to the ignition and burning
of some products, it designates the capability of a product to burn and sustain a flame reaction under specified
test conditions. A combustible-oxidant mixture is not always flammable but restricted to a continuous range of
compositions or flammability range.
NOTE 2 The related noun is “flammability”.
2.1.20
fractionation
change in composition of a blend by preferential evaporation of the more volatile component(s) or
condensation of the less volatile component(s)
2.1.21
heat of combustion
HOC
heat evolved from a specified reaction of a substance with oxygen as determined in accordance with 5.1.2.5
NOTE The heat of combustion for this International Standard is expressed as a positive value for exothermic
reactions in energy per unit mass (kJ/kg).
2.1.22
isomers
two or more compounds having the same chemical composition with differing molecular configurations
NOTE Isomers will have different properties.
EXAMPLE An example is R­600 (CH CH CH CH ) with a boiling point of 0 °C and R­600a (CH(CH ) CH ) with
3 2 2 3 3 2 3
a boiling point of –12°C. Both of these compounds contain four carbon and 10 hydrogen atoms.
2.1.23
lethal concentration 50 %
LC
concentration that is lethal to 50 % of the test animals
2.1.24
lower flammability limit
LFL
minimum concentration of the refrigerant that is capable of propagating a flame through a homogeneous
mixture of the refrigerant and air under test conditions specified in 5.1.2 at 23,0 °C and 101,3 kPa
NOTE The LFL is expressed as refrigerant percentage by volume.
2.1.25
lowest observed adverse effect level
LOAEL
lowest concentration of a refrigerant that has caused any observed adverse effect in one or more test animals
ISO/FDIS 817:2012(E)
2.1.26
no observed adverse effect level
NOAEL
highest concentration of a refrigerant at which no adverse effect has been observed in any of the exposed
animal population
2.1.27
nominal composition
nominal formulation
bulk manufactured composition of the refrigerant, which includes the gas and liquid phases
NOTE 1 Composition of the refrigerant blends as listed in Tables 6 and 7, column 2
NOTE 2 When a container is 80 % or more liquid filled, the liquid composition may be considered the
nominal composition.
2.1.28
occupational exposure limit
time­weighted average concentration for a normal eight­hour work day and a 40­hour work week to
which nearly all workers can be repeatedly exposed without adverse effect, based on the OSHA PEL,
ACGIH TLV­TWA, AIHA WEEL, MAK or consistent value
2.1.29
olefin
unsaturated chemical compound containing at least one carbon­to­carbon double bond
2.1.30
organic compound, saturated
organic, carbon­containing compound that has only single bonds between carbon atoms
2.1.31
organic compound, unsaturated
organic, carbon­containing compound containing at least one double or triple bond between carbon atoms
2.1.32
oxygen deprivation limit
ODL
concentration of a refrigerant or other gas that results in insufficient oxygen for normal breathing
2.1.33
propagation velocity of flame
velocity at which the flame propagates in the space
NOTE In this test method, it refers to the linear velocity at which the flame travels the tube.
2.1.34
quenching
effect of extinction of the flame as it approaches a surface due to heat conduction losses, absorption of
active chemical species and viscous effects on the surface
2.1.35
refrigerant
fluid used for heat transfer in a refrigerating system, which absorbs heat at a low temperature and a
low pressure of the fluid and rejects it at a higher temperature and a higher pressure of the fluid usually
involving changes of the phase of the fluid
2.1.36
refrigerant concentration limit
RCL
maximum refrigerant concentration, in air, determined in accordance with this International Standard
and established to reduce the risks of acute toxicity, asphyxiation, and flammability hazards
4 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

ISO/FDIS 817:2012(E)
2.1.37
relative molar mass
mass numerically equal to the molecular mass expressed in grams per mole, except that it is dimensionless
2.1.38
stoichiometric concentration for combustion
C
st
concentration of a fuel in a fuel–air mixture that contains exactly the necessary quantity of air (21 % O /
79 % N by volume) needed for the complete oxidation of all the compounds present
2.1.39
threshold limit value-time weighted average
TLV-TWA
time weighted average concentration for a normal eight­hour workday and a 40­hour workweek, to
which nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed, day after day, without adverse effect
2.1.40
workplace environmental exposure limit
WEEL
occupational exposure limit set by the American Industrial Hygiene Association
2.1.41
worst-case formulation
WCF
composition that results from application of the tolerances to the nominal composition resulting in the
most toxic or the most flammable formulation
NOTE For toxicity this is the composition with the highest concentration of the component(s) in the vapour
or liquid phase for which the exposure limit is less than 400 ppm by volume (see F.6.2). For flammability this is the
most flammable composition (i.e. if not flammable, the composition that most closely approaches the flammable
region; or if flammable, the composition that produces the lowest value for the LFL and for burning velocity the
composition that produces the highest S ).
u
2.1.42
worst-case fractionated formulation
WCFF
composition produced during fractionation of the worst­case formulation that results in the most toxic
or most flammable formulation
NOTE For toxicity this is the composition with the highest concentration of the component(s) in the vapour
or liquid phase for which the exposure limit is less than 400 ppm by volume. For flammability this is the most
flammable composition (i.e. if not flammable, the composition that most closely approaches the flammable
region; or if flammable, the composition that produces the lowest value for the LFL and for burning velocity the
composition that produces the highest S ).
u
2.1.43
zeotrope
blend composed of two or more refrigerants whose equilibrium vapour and liquid phase compositions
are not the same at a given pressure
2.2  Abbreviated terms
ALC approximate lethal concentration
ATEL acute­toxicity exposure limit
CNS central nervous system effect
EC effective concentration 50 %
ISO/FDIS 817:2012(E)
ETFL elevated temperature flame limit
HOC heat of combustion
LC lethal concentration 50 %
LFL lower flammability limit
LOAEL lowest observed adverse effect level
NOAEL no observed adverse effect level
ODL oxygen deprivation limit
PEL permissible exposure limit
RCL refrigerant concentration limit
RCL RCL expressed as grams per cubic metre
M
RCL RCL expressed as
...


INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 817
Third edition
2014-05-15
Refrigerants — Designation and safety
classification
Fluides frigorigènes — Désignation et classification de sécurité
Reference number
©
ISO 2014
© ISO 2014
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions, abbreviated terms and symbols . 1
3.1 Terms and definitions . 1
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 6
3.3 Symbols . 7
4 Numbering of refrigerants . 7
5 Designation prefixes .11
5.1 General prefixes .11
5.2 Composition-designating prefixes .11
6 Safety classifications .12
6.1 General .12
6.2 Matrix diagram of safety group classification system .14
7 Refrigerant classifications .14
8 Refrigerant concentration limit (RCL) .14
8.1 General .14
8.2 Data for calculations .17
8.3 Contaminants and impurities.18
8.4 Conversion of units — Volumic mass and altitude adjustment .18
Annex A (informative) Examples of isomer designation .25
Annex B (normative) Details of testing for flammability and fractionation analysis .27
Annex C (informative) Method of test for burning velocity measurement of flammable gases .31
Annex D (normative) Calculation of RCL and ATEL for blends .54
Annex E (informative) Data used to determine safety classification and RCL values and data for
unclassified refrigerants .57
Annex F (normative) Application instructions .65
Bibliography .72
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directives
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any
patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on
the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patents
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 86, Refrigeration and air-conditioning,
Subcommittee SC 8, Refrigerants and refrigeration lubricants.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 817:2005), which has been technically
revised.
iv © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

Introduction
This third edition has been technically revised by the addition of new refrigerant designations and a
safety classification system based on toxicity and flammability data.
The safety classifications in this International Standard do not consider decomposition products or by-
products of combustion. Product and system safety standards (e.g. ISO 5149, IEC 60335-2-24, IEC 60335-
2-34, IEC 60335-2-40 and IEC 60335-2-89) address the prevention of ignition of refrigerant based on the
characteristics provided in this International Standard.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 817:2014(E)
Refrigerants — Designation and safety classification
1 Scope
This International Standard provides an unambiguous system for assigning designations to refrigerants.
It also establishes a system for assigning a safety classification to refrigerants based on toxicity and
flammability data, and provides a means of determining the refrigerant concentration limit. Tables
listing the refrigerant designations, safety classifications and the refrigerant concentration limits are
included based on data made available.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable to its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34, Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants
ASTM E681, Standard Test Method for Concentration Limits of Flammability of Chemicals (Vapours and
Gases)
3 Terms, definitions, abbreviated terms and symbols
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1.1
acute toxicity
adverse health effect(s) from a single, short-term exposure
3.1.2
acute-toxicity exposure limit
ATEL
maximum recommended refrigerant concentration determined in accordance with the established
systems and intended to reduce the risks of acute toxicity hazards to humans in the event of a refrigerant
release
Note 1 to entry: The systems are specified in this International Standard.
3.1.3
anaesthetic effect
impairment of the ability to perceive pain and other sensory stimulation
3.1.4
approximate lethal concentration
ALC
concentration of a refrigerant that is lethal to even a single test animal but to less than 50 % of the
animals in that group when tested by the same conditions as for an LC test
3.1.5
azeotrope
blend composed of two or more refrigerants whose equilibrium vapour and liquid phase compositions
are the same at a specific pressure, but may be different at other conditions
3.1.6
blend
mixture composed of two or more refrigerants
3.1.7
burning velocity
S
u
velocity, relative to the unburnt gas, at which a laminar flame propagates in a direction normal to the
flame front, at the concentration of refrigerant with air giving the maximum velocity
Note 1 to entry: This value is expressed in centimetres per second.
3.1.8
central nervous system effect
CNS
treatment-related depression, distraction, stimulation, or other behavioural modification to a degree
that could represent an impairment of the ability to escape from a hazard
3.1.9
chronic toxicity
adverse health effect(s) from long-term repeated exposures
3.1.10
combustion
exothermal reaction between an oxidant component (combustive) and a reducer (combustible fuel)
3.1.11
compound
substance composed of two or more atoms chemically bonded in definite proportions
3.1.12
critical point
point with conditions above which distinct liquid and gas phases do not exist
3.1.13
cyclic compound
organic compound whose structure is characterized by a closed ring of atoms
3.1.14
effective concentration 50 %
EC
concentration of a refrigerant, which causes a biological effect to 50 % of exposed animals in a test for
anaesthetic or other effects
Note 1 to entry: This value is typically a calculated value from experimental data.
3.1.15
elevated temperature flame limit
ETFL
minimum concentration by volumic ratio (volume per cent) of the refrigerant, which is capable of
propagating a flame through a homogeneous mixture of the refrigerant and air under the specified test
conditions at 60,0°C and 101,3 kPa
Note 1 to entry: The test conditions are specified in 6.1.3.
3.1.16
equivalence ratio
fraction of the combustible in the mixture divided by the combustible fraction at the stoichiometric
conditions
Note 1 to entry: It can be written as (combustible fraction)/(combustible fraction) .
st
2 © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

Note 2 to entry: It is used in the determination of burning velocity.
Note 3 to entry: Lean mixtures have an equivalence ratio lower than one and rich mixtures have an equivalence
ratio greater than one.
3.1.17
flame
collection of gases of a rapid combustion, generally visible due to the emission of light
3.1.18
flame propagation
combustion, causing a continuous flame which moves upward and outward from the point of ignition
without help from the ignition source
Note 1 to entry: Flame propagation as applied in the test method for determining LFL and flammability
classification is specified in B.1.7. Flame propagation as applied in the test method for determining burning
velocity is described in Annex C.
3.1.19
flammable
property of a mixture in which a flame is capable of self-propagating for a certain distance
3.1.20
fractionation
change in composition of a blend by preferential evaporation of the more volatile component(s) or
condensation of the less volatile component(s)
3.1.21
heat of combustion
HOC
heat evolved from a specified reaction of a substance with oxygen
Note 1 to entry: The heat of combustion is as determined in accordance with 6.1.3.7.
Note 2 to entry: The heat of combustion for this International Standard is expressed as a positive value for
exothermic reactions in energy per unit mass (kJ/kg).
3.1
...

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