Information and documentation — Records management processes — Metadata for records — Part 1: Principles

ISO 23081-1:2017 covers the principles that underpin and govern records management metadata. These principles are applicable to: - records and their metadata; - all processes that affect them; - any system in which they reside; - any organization that is responsible for their management.

Information et documentation — Processus de gestion des documents d'activité — Métadonnées pour les documents d'activité — Partie 1: Principes

ISO 23081-1:2017 couvre les principes de base qui régissent les métadonnées liées à la gestion des documents d'activité. Ces principes s'appliquent: - aux documents d'activité et à leurs métadonnées; - à tout processus qui les affecte; - à tout système dans lequel ils se trouvent; - à tout organisme responsable de leur gestion.

Informatika in dokumentacija - Procesi upravljanja zapisov - Metapodatki za zapise - 1. del: Načela

Ta dokument zajema načela, ki podpirajo in urejajo metapodatke za upravljanje zapisov. Ta načela se uporabljajo za:
— zapise in njihove metapodatke;
— vse procese, ki vplivajo nanje;
— vse sisteme, v katerih se hranijo;
— vse organizacije, ki so odgovorne za njihovo upravljanje.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Oct-2017
Current Stage
9093 - International Standard confirmed
Start Date
25-May-2023
Completion Date
13-Dec-2025

Relations

Standard
ISO 23081-1:2018
English language
27 pages
sale 10% off
Preview
sale 10% off
Preview
e-Library read for
1 day
Standard
ISO 23081-1:2017 - Information and documentation — Records management processes — Metadata for records — Part 1: Principles Released:10/31/2017
English language
21 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview
Standard
ISO 23081-1:2017 - Information et documentation — Processus de gestion des documents d'activité — Métadonnées pour les documents d'activité — Partie 1: Principes Released:2/12/2018
French language
23 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)


SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2018
1DGRPHãþD
SIST ISO 23081-1:2010
,QIRUPDWLNDLQGRNXPHQWDFLMD3URFHVLXSUDYOMDQMD]DSLVRY0HWDSRGDWNL]D]DSLVH
GHO1DþHOD
Information and documentation -- Records management processes -- Metadata for
records -- Part 1: Principles
Information et documentation -- Processus de gestion des enregistrements --
Métadonnées pour les enregistrements -- Partie 1: Principes
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 23081-1:2017
ICS:
01.140.20 Informacijske vede Information sciences
35.240.30 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in information,
informatiki, dokumentiranju in documentation and
založništvu publishing
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 23081-1
Second edition
2017-10
Information and documentation —
Records management processes —
Metadata for records —
Part 1:
Principles
Information et documentation — Processus de gestion des
enregistrements — Métadonnées pour les enregistrements —
Partie 1: Principes
Reference number
©
ISO 2017
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Records management metadata . 2
5 Perspectives and purpose of records management metadata . 3
5.1 Purpose and benefits of records management metadata . 3
5.2 Records management metadata that should be applied in an organization . 4
5.2.1 General. 4
5.2.2 Metadata at the point of record capture . 4
5.2.3 Metadata after record capture . 5
6 Roles and responsibilities . 5
7 Records management metadata in relation to other metadata areas .6
7.1 General . 6
7.2 Metadata for e-business . 6
7.3 Metadata for preservation . 6
7.4 Metadata for resource description . 6
7.5 Metadata for resource discovery . 7
7.6 Metadata for rights management. 7
7.7 Metadata for sustainability across system boundaries . 7
8 Management of metadata . 7
8.1 General . 7
8.2 Levels of application of metadata . 7
8.3 Points throughout the existence of records when metadata should be created
and applied . 8
8.4 Processes of metadata management . 8
8.4.1 General. 8
8.4.2 Defining policies and methods . 8
8.4.3 Creating and maintaining metadata . 8
8.4.4 Creating and maintaining structures for managing metadata . 8
8.4.5 Determining when and how metadata should be captured . 9
8.4.6 Documenting and enforcing standard definitions . 9
8.4.7 Access to metadata . . . 9
8.4.8 Storing metadata . 9
8.4.9 Description . . . 9
8.4.10 Maintenance of metadata .10
8.5 Metadata structures .10
8.6 Role of systems .11
9 Types of metadata required to support ISO 15489-1.11
9.1 Introduction to metadata types .11
9.2 Metadata about records .12
9.2.1 Metadata about records at the point of record capture .12
9.2.2 Metadata about records after record capture .13
9.2.3 Metadata supporting the accessibility of records .13
9.2.4 Metadata supporting the security of records .14
9.3 Metadata about the business rules, policies and mandates .15
9.3.1 Metadata about business rules, policies and mandates at the point of
record capture .15
9.3.2 Metadata about business rules, policies and mandates after record capture .16
9.4 Agent metadata.16
9.4.1 Agent metadata at point of record capture .16
9.4.2 Metadata about agents after record capture .17
9.5 Business process metadata .17
9.5.1 Business process metadata at point of record capture .17
9.5.2 Metadata about business processes after record capture .18
9.6 Metadata about records management processes .18
9.6.1 Metadata about records management processes at the point of record capture .18
9.6.2 Metadata about records management processes after record capture .19
Bibliography .21
iv © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html
This document was prepared by ISO/TC 46, Information and documentation, Subcommittee SC 11,
Archives/records management.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 23081-1:2006), which has been
technically revised.
A list of all the parts of ISO 23081 can be found on the ISO website.
Introduction
ISO 23081 sets a framework for creating, managing and using records management metadata and
explains the principles that govern them.
This document gives guidelines for understanding, implementing and using metadata within the
framework of ISO 15489. It addresses the relevance of records management metadata in business
processes and the different roles and types of metadata that support business and records management
processes. It also sets a framework for managing those metadata.
NOTE In this part of ISO 23081, business and business activity are used as broad terms, not restricted to
commercial activity, but including public administration, non-profit and other activities.
It does not define a mandatory set of records management metadata to be implemented, since these
metadata will differ in detail according to organizational or specific requirements for jurisdiction.
However, it assesses the main existing metadata sets in line with the requirements of ISO 15489.
ISO 23081-2 and ISO 23081-3 are more explanatory and provide practical guidance on implementation
issues and how to assess records management metadata sets against the principles in this document.
vi © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23081-1:2017(E)
Information and documentation — Records management
processes — Metadata for records —
Part 1:
Principles
1 Scope
This document covers the principles that underpin and govern records management metadata. These
principles are applicable to:
— records and their metadata;
— all processes that affect them;
— any system in which they reside;
— any organization that is responsible for their management.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 15489-1:2016, Information and documentation — Records management — Part 1: Concepts and
principles
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 15489-1 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
agent
individual, workgroup or organization responsible for, or involved in record creation, capture and/or
records management processes
Note 1 to entry: Technological tools such as software applications can be considered agents if they routinely
perform records processes.
3.2
aggregation
any accumulation of record entities at a level above record object
[SOURCE: ISO 16175-2:2011]
3.3
attribute
characteristic of an object or entity
[SOURCE: ISO 23081-2:2009, 3.2]
3.4
business activity
all the functions, activities and transactions of an organisation and its employeesNote 1 to entry:
Includes public administration as well as commercial business.
[SOURCE: ISO 16175-2:2011, modified]
3.5
capture
process of lodging a document or digital object into a records management system and assigning
metadata to describe the record and place it in context
[SOURCE: ISO 16175-3:2010, modified]
3.6
encoding scheme
controlled list of all the acceptable values in natural language and/or as a syntax-encoded text string
designed for machine processing
3.7
entity
concrete or abstract thing that exists, did exist, or might exist, including associations among those things
3.8
fixity
state of quality of being fixed, that is, protected against unauthorised alteration or disposition
[SOURCE: ISO 16175-3:2010, modified]
3.9
metadata for records
structured or semi-structured information, which enables the creation, management, and use of
records through time and within and across domains
[SOURCE: ISO 15489-1:2016, 3.12]
3.10
metadata schema
logical plan showing the relationships between metadata elements, normally through establishing
rules for the use and management of metadata specifically as regards the semantics, the syntax and the
optionality (obligation level) of values
4 Records management metadata
Metadata management is an inextricable part of records management, serving a variety of functions and
purposes. In a records management context, metadata for records are defined as structured or semi-
structured information which enables the creation, management, and use of records through time and
within and across domains. (ISO 15489-1:2016, 3.12). Each domain represents an area of intellectual
discourse and of social and/or organizational activity with a distinctive or limited group of people who
share certain values and knowledge. Metadata for records can be used to identify, authenticate and
contextualize records and the people, processes and systems that create, manage, maintain and use
them and the policies that govern them (see 9.1).
Initially, metadata define the record at its point of capture, fixing the record into its business context
and establishing management control over it. During the existence of records or their aggregates,
2 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

new layers of metadata will be added, because of new uses in other business or usage contexts. This
means that metadata continue to accrue, over time. Information relating to the context of the records
management and the business processes in which the records are used continues to accumulate
as the record is managed and used. The record may also undergo structural changes or changes to
its appearance. Metadata can be sourced or re-used by multiple systems and for multiple purposes.
Metadata applied to records during their active life may also continue to apply when they cease to be
required for current business purposes but are retained for ongoing research or other values.
Metadata ensure authenticity, reliability, usability and integrity over time and enable the management
and understanding of information objects, whether these are physical, analogue or digital. However,
metadata also should be managed.
Records management has always involved the management of metadata. However, the digital
environment requires a different expression of traditional requirements and different mechanisms for
identifying, capturing, attributing and using metadata. In the digital environment, authoritative records
are those accompanied by metadata defining their critical characteristics. These characteristics must
be explicitly documented rather than being implicit, as in some paper-based processes. In the digital
environment, it is essential to ensure that the creation and capture of records management metadata
are implemented in systems that create, manage and use records. Conversely, the digital environment
presents new opportunities for defining and creating metadata and ensuring the complete,
contemporaneous capture of records. These records can be evidence of transactions or themselves be
transactions.
5 Perspectives and purpose of records management metadata
5.1 Purpose and benefits of records management metadata
Metadata support business and records management processes by:
a) protecting records as evidence and ensuring their accessibility and usability through time;
b) facilitating the ability to understand records;
c) supporting and ensuring the evidential value of records;
d) helping to ensure the authenticity, reliability and integrity of records;
e) supporting and managing access, privacy and rights;
f) supporting efficient retrieval;
g) supporting reuse and repurposing of records
h) supporting interoperability strategies by enabling authoritative capture of records created in
diverse technical and business environments and their sustainability for as long as required;
i) providing logical links between records and the context of their creation, and maintaining them in
a structured, reliable and meaningful way;
j) supporting the identification of the technological environment in which digital records were
created or captured, and the management of the technological environment in which they are
maintained in order that authentic records can be reproduced as long as they are needed;
k) supporting efficient and successful migration of records from one environment or computer
platform to another or any other preservation strategy.
5.2 Records management metadata that should be applied in an organization
5.2.1 General
Organizations should make decisions on which of the metadata requirements outlined in this document
are necessary in any or all organizational systems. These decisions will be dependent on:
a) business needs;
b) the regulatory environment;
c) risks affecting business operations.
This assessment may identify which types of metadata need to be applied in different areas of the
organization, depending on business risks or needs.
Different perspectives on records management metadata are possible and may coexist. These include:
1) the business perspective, where records management metadata support business processes;
2) the records management perspective, where metadata capture the characteristics of records and
their business context, and support their management over time;
3) the use perspective within or outside the records creating business context, where metadata
enable the retrieval, understandability and interpretation of records.
Broader levels of contextual detail may be required to understand and use records through time,
particularly their use in business environments outside those in which they were created.
Records management metadata consist of:
i) metadata that document the business context in which records are created or captured, as well as
the content, structure and appearance of those records;
ii) metadata that document records management and business processes in which records are
subsequently used, including any changes to the content, structure and appearance.
5.2.2 Metadata at the point of record capture
Metadata at the point of record capture include information about the context of record creation,
the business context, the agents involved and metadata about the content, appearance, structure
and technical attributes of the records themselves. They allow records to be used in an application
or information system and make them readable, usable and understandable. The context of records
includes information about the business processes in which they are created. These metadata will allow
users to understand the reliability of the record-creating authority, the environment in which records
were created, the purpose or business activity being undertaken and their relationships with other
records or aggregations. The metadata documenting the business context should be an integral part of
the records produced by the records creator and they should be captured at the same time as records
are captured into the records system.
The structure of a record consists of:
a) its physical or technical structure;
b) its logical structure, i.e. the relationships between the data elements comprising the record.
These aspects are as important as the content itself. Metadata about technical aspects should describe
the system with which records are created or captured, and the technical characteristics of the digital
components of which they are comprised.
4 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

5.2.3 Metadata after record capture
All records management processes performed upon a record, or on an aggregation of records, should
be documented. In order to preserve records and guarantee their authenticity, reliability, usability and
integrity over time, it is necessary to create metadata that facilitate the triggering or documentation
of these records management processes (in this document referred to as “process metadata”). These
metadata should include information about the management processes that have been or will be
applied to each record. The level of detail for documenting records management processes will vary
according to predetermined management needs. Metadata about records management processes can
be applied throughout the record’s existence. Records management processes also create and use
technical metadata for the rendering and reproduction of digital records, which should be recorded.
Additionally, any changes in the record content, context and structure caused by management activities
should be captured.
Business processes that access records should also be documented in the metadata throughout the
record’s life. Such business uses include associating records with actions, action triggers and other
records.
All metadata about the record and those accruing in its management and use also form a record: the
metadata record that also should be managed. It is essential to keep this metadata record at least for
as long as the original record exists. In the case of disposition of records, either by transfer of custody
or ownership, or by destruction, some metadata about them may still be needed to account for their
existence, management and disposition.
6 Roles and responsibilities
Roles and responsibilities with respect to records management metadata should be defined, assigned
and promulgated throughout the organization. Where a specific need to create and capture records
management metadata is identified, it should be clear who is responsible for taking the necessary
action (ISO 15489-1:2016, 6.3).
These responsibilities are a subset of the roles and responsibilities for carrying out business and
records management processes and should be assigned to all employees in the organization who create,
capture or manage metadata. This includes records professionals, allied information professionals,
executives, business unit managers, systems administrators and others who create or capture records
and associated metadata as part of their work. Specific leadership, responsibility and accountability
for the management of metadata should be assigned to a person with appropriate authority within the
organization and should be reflected in job descriptions, policies and similar statements.
Such responsibilities include the following.
a) Records professionals are responsible for the reliability, authenticity, usability and integrity
of metadata associated with records, and for training users on capturing, managing and using
metadata. Records professionals participate in the definition of metadata requirements, develop
related policies and strategies, and monitor the process of metadata creation.
b) All agents are accountable for ensuring the accuracy and completeness of the records management
metadata for which they are responsible.
c) Executives are responsible for ensuring that internal controls are in place so that customers,
auditors, courts, and other authorized users can rely on the information that the organization
produces. Executives are responsible for supporting the use of records management metadata and
related policies throughout the organization.
d) Information technology personnel are responsible for the reliability, usability and integrity of the
systems used to capture and maintain metadata. They are responsible for ensuring that all records
management metadata are linked to the related records and that these links are persistently
maintained.
Training programs should support the performance of these responsibilities. Audit procedures should
monitor their performance.
7 Records management metadata in relation to other metadata areas
7.1 General
Metadata may be created, captured and managed for a single, particular purpose or for multiple
business purposes. These purposes may include e-business, preservation, resource description,
resource discovery and rights management. Records management metadata can be shared by all
of these purposes. For example, metadata at the point of record capture may inherit and extend the
resource description and may be used for resource discovery. Records management metadata can be
inherited or extracted from workflow systems, standard office software, e-mail systems and other
business systems.
Neither point of record capture metadata nor process-related metadata for records management can
exist in isolation. It is therefore appropriate and necessary to consider the creation and capture of
metadata for records management within this broader context to ensure that appropriate links and
relationships are established and metadata are neither duplicated nor unnecessarily produced.
7.2 Metadata for e-business
Metadata help enable e-business, including e-commerce and e-government. Metadata about all stages of
the e-business processes can be captured. This encompasses the location of a product, service, provider
and customer, the agreement of business terms and conditions, digital signatures and the business
process transactions themselves. These metadata provide information about the business context and
may therefore overlap with contextual metadata (see 9.2.1) as well as structural and storage metadata
(see 9.2.1), security metadata (see 9.2.4), and some accessibility metadata (see 9.2.3).
7.3 Metadata for preservation
The preservation of information, especially digital information, for continued access is the concern of
records management, library and archives communities. Information technology is relatively volatile
in comparison with print-to-paper technology. Technical metadata are required to meet the challenge
of constantly changing technology. Additional structural and storage metadata (see 9.2.1) and some
metadata about records management processes (see 9.6) are needed to support preservation. This
includes metadata about records management processes including access and security, migration,
conversion and transfer activities to ensure not only the accessibility of records through time, but also
their continued authenticity, reliability, usability and integrity.
7.4 Metadata for resource description
One of the primary uses of metadata is for the description of resources. These resources might be books,
journals, videos, documents, images and artefacts. They also include records transferred into archival
custody. The metadata should identify the resource and can include the title, creator(s), date(s), unique
identifier, relationship to other resources (e.g. within the same series) and its extent (e.g. size or length).
Some of these metadata elements are also used in a records management context. They are similar to,
and may overlap with, elements of the initial metadata at the point of record capture documenting a
record’s content. However, descriptive metadata for records management and archival purposes are
generally broader than standard resource description metadata and can include other elements such
as, for example, contextual metadata.
There is a strong relationship between the type of metadata outlined and the archival description.
Archival institutions use metadata to describe archival records in order to preserve their meaning
over time, to place them in their records management and administrative contexts and to facilitate
their use and management. Therefore, the existing standards of archival description, such as ISAD/G
and ISAAR(CPF), have an extensive overlap with records management metadata, because both are
6 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

concerned with documenting business context and management processes. Archival management,
including archival description, is a complementary and continuing activity for those records that
are identified as having archival value. Functionality to enable the migration of metadata between
organizational records systems and archival control systems is therefore recommended.
7.5 Metadata for resource discovery
Metadata for resource discovery, i.e. information retrieval, overlap with and extend beyond descriptive
metadata (see 7.4). Business units, knowledge managers, librarians and the public all depend on
metadata to retrieve information. Indexing, classification and location metadata are examples that
support resource discovery. Such metadata also support records management objectives to facilitate
the discovery of records resources. In a records management context, these metadata are primarily
related to accessibility metadata (see 9.2.3).
7.6 Metadata for rights management
Rights management can be considered to be a particular type or aspect of e-business, since it is
concerned with the management of the rights over and use of an agent’s information resources. It
encompasses the description, valuation, trading, monitoring and tracking of those rights and requires
metadata that describe the three key entities involved in the use of information resources. These three
entities are the parties involved (e.g. creator, publisher and consumer); the content in all its forms; and
the rights themselves (e.g. permissions, constraints and rewards for use).
7.7 Metadata for sustainability across system boundaries
To ensure that records remain authoritative when migrated or exchanged between systems, metadata
definition is required. Decisions about specifically which metadata elements are needed to support
the ongoing business may vary between jurisdictions and particular circumstances, for example an
appraisal process may determine that only a subset of recordkeeping process metadata should be
transferred to an archival system.
8 Management of metadata
8.1 General
Two areas of metadata management can be distinguished:
a) creating, capturing and managing the records management metadata;
b) creating, implementing, maintaining and managing the rules that govern these processes and the
structures that accommodate them in metadata schema.
8.2 Levels of application of metadata
The metadata described in this clause can be applied at different levels, such as to
a) individual records,
b) aggregations of records and/or
c) entire records systems,
depending on organizational needs and requirements. Records systems should be designed to capture
metadata at whatever levels are organizationally appropriate. It should be noted that, while certain
forms of metadata, such as a title, may need to be applied to every record in a system, other metadata
may be applied at a broader level of aggregation than the individual record.
8.3 Points throughout the existence of records when metadata should be created
and applied
Creating and applying metadata to records can and should occur at multiple points throughout their
existence.
Much of the metadata described in this clause should be created during the record’s capture, registration
and classification processes, as described in ISO 15489-1:2016, 9.2 (creating records), 9.3 (capturing
records), 9.4 (records classification and indexing) and 9.5 (access control). This defines the record at its
point of capture, fixing it into its business context and enabling the management processes to take place.
Metadata creation and capture should continue after records generation. Metadata should be updated
as records participating in transactions become related to others, as management needs change and
when records systems are transferred from one organization to another. Metadata should reflect these
changing circumstances. This is referred to as process metadata (see 5.2.3).
Capture and maintenance of these metadata should occur as a normal part of business and records
management operations.
NOTE Metadata schemas for records, as outlined in ISO 15489-1:2016, 8.2, consolidate requirements of other
key records controls which can facilitate much of the metadata attribution and inheritance processes required in
Clause 9 of this document.
8.4 Processes of metadata management
8.4.1 General
Management of metadata entails the same processes as described in ISO 15489-1:2016, Clause 9:
creation, capture, classification, indexing, access, storage, use and reuse, migration and conversion,
disposition, definition of policies, strategies and methods.
8.4.2 Defining policies and methods
Agents, including records professionals, should define and document policies and rules for managing
metadata and should articulate requirements for metadata structures in line with their business
requirements. These policies and rules encompass issues such as assigning responsibilities, what
metadata should be created and captured, when and from what sources, what metadata structures will
be valid, and what standards and what supporting systems should be used.
8.4.3 Creating and maintaining metadata
Records professionals should identify what metadata need to be created and captured when creating
and maintaining records. The process of metadata creation at the time of record creation should be
monitored and documented. Whenever possible such processes should be automated.
Metadata about creating or altering metadata about a record should also be defined and maintained.
They will support appropriate and consistent documentation of changes in the metadata record.
8.4.4 Creating and maintaining structures for managing metadata
Structures for capturing, storing and managing metadata (see 8.6) should be developed and defined to
reflect records and records management requirements.
Relationships between metadata elements, and between them and the information objects they
describe should be persistent. These relationships should be correctly and persistently maintained
over time with particular attention given to changes caused through migration, conversion and other
preservation measures.
8 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

8.4.5 Determining when and how metadata should be captured
Agents, including records professionals, should identify what metadata to capture, when to capture
them, and from what sources. These metadata requirements should be based on the records
management processes defined in ISO 15489-1:2016, Clause 9. Part of this activity is also to determine
how metadata should be captured (manually or automatically).
8.4.6 Documenting and enforcing standard definitions
Agents, including records professionals, should document the rules and policies on consistent use of
content standards, structures, terms and other related, relevant issues. They should ensure that those
metadata structures, terms, entity descriptions, and attributes are used in a consistent way.
8.4.7 Access to metadata
Access to metadata should be limited to authorized persons and managed with approved policies and
rules. Access and permissions rules should be in place. Agents should also define a policy and rules
for interoperability of records management metadata in order to facilitate exchange and retrieval of
records across information systems, organizations or jurisdictions.
There should be a mechanism to track and document access or usage, and any alterations or additions
made to metadata.
8.4.8 Storing metadata
Agents, including records professionals, should decide upon the way metadata should be stored. Such
decisions should take into account persistent linkage between metadata and the objects to which they
relate or belong. Metadata can be stored together with the records or separately in a database(s), or
both. Management criteria, such as costs and performance, may affect decisions on how metadata will
be stored.
8.4.9 Description
The process of managing metadata is ongoing for as long as records and their relevant aggregates exist.
To retain meaningful, reliable and usable records, new metadata should be added where necessary.
This should be done through time and across domains, for example, when functions of one organization
and the relevant parts of its records system are transferred to another. This can entail adaptation by
the receiving organization of its existing metadata structures. Organizations should define procedures
and policies for documenting these changes.
Several layers can be distinguished with an ever-expanding scope, depending on how widely records
will be shared and used. Records are managed in systems, these systems are managed by organizations
and these organizations are part of a broader context (a business sector, a government, a nation, the
public or a society). At each of these levels, metadata should provide enough information about the
records to make them understandable and accessible to the community concerned.
In time, the original environment will change or disappear and the intellectual discourse and knowledge
will evolve. These types of changes require translation of the original context of the creation of records
into this newer environment. This, too, will be done through metadata. Over time, this activity will be
taken over by individuals in successor organizations who were not present at the point of creation.
ISO 23081-1:20
...


INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 23081-1
Second edition
2017-10
Information and documentation —
Records management processes —
Metadata for records —
Part 1:
Principles
Information et documentation — Processus de gestion des
enregistrements — Métadonnées pour les enregistrements —
Partie 1: Principes
Reference number
©
ISO 2017
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Records management metadata . 2
5 Perspectives and purpose of records management metadata . 3
5.1 Purpose and benefits of records management metadata . 3
5.2 Records management metadata that should be applied in an organization . 4
5.2.1 General. 4
5.2.2 Metadata at the point of record capture . 4
5.2.3 Metadata after record capture . 5
6 Roles and responsibilities . 5
7 Records management metadata in relation to other metadata areas .6
7.1 General . 6
7.2 Metadata for e-business . 6
7.3 Metadata for preservation . 6
7.4 Metadata for resource description . 6
7.5 Metadata for resource discovery . 7
7.6 Metadata for rights management. 7
7.7 Metadata for sustainability across system boundaries . 7
8 Management of metadata . 7
8.1 General . 7
8.2 Levels of application of metadata . 7
8.3 Points throughout the existence of records when metadata should be created
and applied . 8
8.4 Processes of metadata management . 8
8.4.1 General. 8
8.4.2 Defining policies and methods . 8
8.4.3 Creating and maintaining metadata . 8
8.4.4 Creating and maintaining structures for managing metadata . 8
8.4.5 Determining when and how metadata should be captured . 9
8.4.6 Documenting and enforcing standard definitions . 9
8.4.7 Access to metadata . . . 9
8.4.8 Storing metadata . 9
8.4.9 Description . . . 9
8.4.10 Maintenance of metadata .10
8.5 Metadata structures .10
8.6 Role of systems .11
9 Types of metadata required to support ISO 15489-1.11
9.1 Introduction to metadata types .11
9.2 Metadata about records .12
9.2.1 Metadata about records at the point of record capture .12
9.2.2 Metadata about records after record capture .13
9.2.3 Metadata supporting the accessibility of records .13
9.2.4 Metadata supporting the security of records .14
9.3 Metadata about the business rules, policies and mandates .15
9.3.1 Metadata about business rules, policies and mandates at the point of
record capture .15
9.3.2 Metadata about business rules, policies and mandates after record capture .16
9.4 Agent metadata.16
9.4.1 Agent metadata at point of record capture .16
9.4.2 Metadata about agents after record capture .17
9.5 Business process metadata .17
9.5.1 Business process metadata at point of record capture .17
9.5.2 Metadata about business processes after record capture .18
9.6 Metadata about records management processes .18
9.6.1 Metadata about records management processes at the point of record capture .18
9.6.2 Metadata about records management processes after record capture .19
Bibliography .21
iv © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html
This document was prepared by ISO/TC 46, Information and documentation, Subcommittee SC 11,
Archives/records management.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 23081-1:2006), which has been
technically revised.
A list of all the parts of ISO 23081 can be found on the ISO website.
Introduction
ISO 23081 sets a framework for creating, managing and using records management metadata and
explains the principles that govern them.
This document gives guidelines for understanding, implementing and using metadata within the
framework of ISO 15489. It addresses the relevance of records management metadata in business
processes and the different roles and types of metadata that support business and records management
processes. It also sets a framework for managing those metadata.
NOTE In this part of ISO 23081, business and business activity are used as broad terms, not restricted to
commercial activity, but including public administration, non-profit and other activities.
It does not define a mandatory set of records management metadata to be implemented, since these
metadata will differ in detail according to organizational or specific requirements for jurisdiction.
However, it assesses the main existing metadata sets in line with the requirements of ISO 15489.
ISO 23081-2 and ISO 23081-3 are more explanatory and provide practical guidance on implementation
issues and how to assess records management metadata sets against the principles in this document.
vi © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23081-1:2017(E)
Information and documentation — Records management
processes — Metadata for records —
Part 1:
Principles
1 Scope
This document covers the principles that underpin and govern records management metadata. These
principles are applicable to:
— records and their metadata;
— all processes that affect them;
— any system in which they reside;
— any organization that is responsible for their management.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 15489-1:2016, Information and documentation — Records management — Part 1: Concepts and
principles
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 15489-1 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
agent
individual, workgroup or organization responsible for, or involved in record creation, capture and/or
records management processes
Note 1 to entry: Technological tools such as software applications can be considered agents if they routinely
perform records processes.
3.2
aggregation
any accumulation of record entities at a level above record object
[SOURCE: ISO 16175-2:2011]
3.3
attribute
characteristic of an object or entity
[SOURCE: ISO 23081-2:2009, 3.2]
3.4
business activity
all the functions, activities and transactions of an organisation and its employeesNote 1 to entry:
Includes public administration as well as commercial business.
[SOURCE: ISO 16175-2:2011, modified]
3.5
capture
process of lodging a document or digital object into a records management system and assigning
metadata to describe the record and place it in context
[SOURCE: ISO 16175-3:2010, modified]
3.6
encoding scheme
controlled list of all the acceptable values in natural language and/or as a syntax-encoded text string
designed for machine processing
3.7
entity
concrete or abstract thing that exists, did exist, or might exist, including associations among those things
3.8
fixity
state of quality of being fixed, that is, protected against unauthorised alteration or disposition
[SOURCE: ISO 16175-3:2010, modified]
3.9
metadata for records
structured or semi-structured information, which enables the creation, management, and use of
records through time and within and across domains
[SOURCE: ISO 15489-1:2016, 3.12]
3.10
metadata schema
logical plan showing the relationships between metadata elements, normally through establishing
rules for the use and management of metadata specifically as regards the semantics, the syntax and the
optionality (obligation level) of values
4 Records management metadata
Metadata management is an inextricable part of records management, serving a variety of functions and
purposes. In a records management context, metadata for records are defined as structured or semi-
structured information which enables the creation, management, and use of records through time and
within and across domains. (ISO 15489-1:2016, 3.12). Each domain represents an area of intellectual
discourse and of social and/or organizational activity with a distinctive or limited group of people who
share certain values and knowledge. Metadata for records can be used to identify, authenticate and
contextualize records and the people, processes and systems that create, manage, maintain and use
them and the policies that govern them (see 9.1).
Initially, metadata define the record at its point of capture, fixing the record into its business context
and establishing management control over it. During the existence of records or their aggregates,
2 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

new layers of metadata will be added, because of new uses in other business or usage contexts. This
means that metadata continue to accrue, over time. Information relating to the context of the records
management and the business processes in which the records are used continues to accumulate
as the record is managed and used. The record may also undergo structural changes or changes to
its appearance. Metadata can be sourced or re-used by multiple systems and for multiple purposes.
Metadata applied to records during their active life may also continue to apply when they cease to be
required for current business purposes but are retained for ongoing research or other values.
Metadata ensure authenticity, reliability, usability and integrity over time and enable the management
and understanding of information objects, whether these are physical, analogue or digital. However,
metadata also should be managed.
Records management has always involved the management of metadata. However, the digital
environment requires a different expression of traditional requirements and different mechanisms for
identifying, capturing, attributing and using metadata. In the digital environment, authoritative records
are those accompanied by metadata defining their critical characteristics. These characteristics must
be explicitly documented rather than being implicit, as in some paper-based processes. In the digital
environment, it is essential to ensure that the creation and capture of records management metadata
are implemented in systems that create, manage and use records. Conversely, the digital environment
presents new opportunities for defining and creating metadata and ensuring the complete,
contemporaneous capture of records. These records can be evidence of transactions or themselves be
transactions.
5 Perspectives and purpose of records management metadata
5.1 Purpose and benefits of records management metadata
Metadata support business and records management processes by:
a) protecting records as evidence and ensuring their accessibility and usability through time;
b) facilitating the ability to understand records;
c) supporting and ensuring the evidential value of records;
d) helping to ensure the authenticity, reliability and integrity of records;
e) supporting and managing access, privacy and rights;
f) supporting efficient retrieval;
g) supporting reuse and repurposing of records
h) supporting interoperability strategies by enabling authoritative capture of records created in
diverse technical and business environments and their sustainability for as long as required;
i) providing logical links between records and the context of their creation, and maintaining them in
a structured, reliable and meaningful way;
j) supporting the identification of the technological environment in which digital records were
created or captured, and the management of the technological environment in which they are
maintained in order that authentic records can be reproduced as long as they are needed;
k) supporting efficient and successful migration of records from one environment or computer
platform to another or any other preservation strategy.
5.2 Records management metadata that should be applied in an organization
5.2.1 General
Organizations should make decisions on which of the metadata requirements outlined in this document
are necessary in any or all organizational systems. These decisions will be dependent on:
a) business needs;
b) the regulatory environment;
c) risks affecting business operations.
This assessment may identify which types of metadata need to be applied in different areas of the
organization, depending on business risks or needs.
Different perspectives on records management metadata are possible and may coexist. These include:
1) the business perspective, where records management metadata support business processes;
2) the records management perspective, where metadata capture the characteristics of records and
their business context, and support their management over time;
3) the use perspective within or outside the records creating business context, where metadata
enable the retrieval, understandability and interpretation of records.
Broader levels of contextual detail may be required to understand and use records through time,
particularly their use in business environments outside those in which they were created.
Records management metadata consist of:
i) metadata that document the business context in which records are created or captured, as well as
the content, structure and appearance of those records;
ii) metadata that document records management and business processes in which records are
subsequently used, including any changes to the content, structure and appearance.
5.2.2 Metadata at the point of record capture
Metadata at the point of record capture include information about the context of record creation,
the business context, the agents involved and metadata about the content, appearance, structure
and technical attributes of the records themselves. They allow records to be used in an application
or information system and make them readable, usable and understandable. The context of records
includes information about the business processes in which they are created. These metadata will allow
users to understand the reliability of the record-creating authority, the environment in which records
were created, the purpose or business activity being undertaken and their relationships with other
records or aggregations. The metadata documenting the business context should be an integral part of
the records produced by the records creator and they should be captured at the same time as records
are captured into the records system.
The structure of a record consists of:
a) its physical or technical structure;
b) its logical structure, i.e. the relationships between the data elements comprising the record.
These aspects are as important as the content itself. Metadata about technical aspects should describe
the system with which records are created or captured, and the technical characteristics of the digital
components of which they are comprised.
4 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

5.2.3 Metadata after record capture
All records management processes performed upon a record, or on an aggregation of records, should
be documented. In order to preserve records and guarantee their authenticity, reliability, usability and
integrity over time, it is necessary to create metadata that facilitate the triggering or documentation
of these records management processes (in this document referred to as “process metadata”). These
metadata should include information about the management processes that have been or will be
applied to each record. The level of detail for documenting records management processes will vary
according to predetermined management needs. Metadata about records management processes can
be applied throughout the record’s existence. Records management processes also create and use
technical metadata for the rendering and reproduction of digital records, which should be recorded.
Additionally, any changes in the record content, context and structure caused by management activities
should be captured.
Business processes that access records should also be documented in the metadata throughout the
record’s life. Such business uses include associating records with actions, action triggers and other
records.
All metadata about the record and those accruing in its management and use also form a record: the
metadata record that also should be managed. It is essential to keep this metadata record at least for
as long as the original record exists. In the case of disposition of records, either by transfer of custody
or ownership, or by destruction, some metadata about them may still be needed to account for their
existence, management and disposition.
6 Roles and responsibilities
Roles and responsibilities with respect to records management metadata should be defined, assigned
and promulgated throughout the organization. Where a specific need to create and capture records
management metadata is identified, it should be clear who is responsible for taking the necessary
action (ISO 15489-1:2016, 6.3).
These responsibilities are a subset of the roles and responsibilities for carrying out business and
records management processes and should be assigned to all employees in the organization who create,
capture or manage metadata. This includes records professionals, allied information professionals,
executives, business unit managers, systems administrators and others who create or capture records
and associated metadata as part of their work. Specific leadership, responsibility and accountability
for the management of metadata should be assigned to a person with appropriate authority within the
organization and should be reflected in job descriptions, policies and similar statements.
Such responsibilities include the following.
a) Records professionals are responsible for the reliability, authenticity, usability and integrity
of metadata associated with records, and for training users on capturing, managing and using
metadata. Records professionals participate in the definition of metadata requirements, develop
related policies and strategies, and monitor the process of metadata creation.
b) All agents are accountable for ensuring the accuracy and completeness of the records management
metadata for which they are responsible.
c) Executives are responsible for ensuring that internal controls are in place so that customers,
auditors, courts, and other authorized users can rely on the information that the organization
produces. Executives are responsible for supporting the use of records management metadata and
related policies throughout the organization.
d) Information technology personnel are responsible for the reliability, usability and integrity of the
systems used to capture and maintain metadata. They are responsible for ensuring that all records
management metadata are linked to the related records and that these links are persistently
maintained.
Training programs should support the performance of these responsibilities. Audit procedures should
monitor their performance.
7 Records management metadata in relation to other metadata areas
7.1 General
Metadata may be created, captured and managed for a single, particular purpose or for multiple
business purposes. These purposes may include e-business, preservation, resource description,
resource discovery and rights management. Records management metadata can be shared by all
of these purposes. For example, metadata at the point of record capture may inherit and extend the
resource description and may be used for resource discovery. Records management metadata can be
inherited or extracted from workflow systems, standard office software, e-mail systems and other
business systems.
Neither point of record capture metadata nor process-related metadata for records management can
exist in isolation. It is therefore appropriate and necessary to consider the creation and capture of
metadata for records management within this broader context to ensure that appropriate links and
relationships are established and metadata are neither duplicated nor unnecessarily produced.
7.2 Metadata for e-business
Metadata help enable e-business, including e-commerce and e-government. Metadata about all stages of
the e-business processes can be captured. This encompasses the location of a product, service, provider
and customer, the agreement of business terms and conditions, digital signatures and the business
process transactions themselves. These metadata provide information about the business context and
may therefore overlap with contextual metadata (see 9.2.1) as well as structural and storage metadata
(see 9.2.1), security metadata (see 9.2.4), and some accessibility metadata (see 9.2.3).
7.3 Metadata for preservation
The preservation of information, especially digital information, for continued access is the concern of
records management, library and archives communities. Information technology is relatively volatile
in comparison with print-to-paper technology. Technical metadata are required to meet the challenge
of constantly changing technology. Additional structural and storage metadata (see 9.2.1) and some
metadata about records management processes (see 9.6) are needed to support preservation. This
includes metadata about records management processes including access and security, migration,
conversion and transfer activities to ensure not only the accessibility of records through time, but also
their continued authenticity, reliability, usability and integrity.
7.4 Metadata for resource description
One of the primary uses of metadata is for the description of resources. These resources might be books,
journals, videos, documents, images and artefacts. They also include records transferred into archival
custody. The metadata should identify the resource and can include the title, creator(s), date(s), unique
identifier, relationship to other resources (e.g. within the same series) and its extent (e.g. size or length).
Some of these metadata elements are also used in a records management context. They are similar to,
and may overlap with, elements of the initial metadata at the point of record capture documenting a
record’s content. However, descriptive metadata for records management and archival purposes are
generally broader than standard resource description metadata and can include other elements such
as, for example, contextual metadata.
There is a strong relationship between the type of metadata outlined and the archival description.
Archival institutions use metadata to describe archival records in order to preserve their meaning
over time, to place them in their records management and administrative contexts and to facilitate
their use and management. Therefore, the existing standards of archival description, such as ISAD/G
and ISAAR(CPF), have an extensive overlap with records management metadata, because both are
6 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

concerned with documenting business context and management processes. Archival management,
including archival description, is a complementary and continuing activity for those records that
are identified as having archival value. Functionality to enable the migration of metadata between
organizational records systems and archival control systems is therefore recommended.
7.5 Metadata for resource discovery
Metadata for resource discovery, i.e. information retrieval, overlap with and extend beyond descriptive
metadata (see 7.4). Business units, knowledge managers, librarians and the public all depend on
metadata to retrieve information. Indexing, classification and location metadata are examples that
support resource discovery. Such metadata also support records management objectives to facilitate
the discovery of records resources. In a records management context, these metadata are primarily
related to accessibility metadata (see 9.2.3).
7.6 Metadata for rights management
Rights management can be considered to be a particular type or aspect of e-business, since it is
concerned with the management of the rights over and use of an agent’s information resources. It
encompasses the description, valuation, trading, monitoring and tracking of those rights and requires
metadata that describe the three key entities involved in the use of information resources. These three
entities are the parties involved (e.g. creator, publisher and consumer); the content in all its forms; and
the rights themselves (e.g. permissions, constraints and rewards for use).
7.7 Metadata for sustainability across system boundaries
To ensure that records remain authoritative when migrated or exchanged between systems, metadata
definition is required. Decisions about specifically which metadata elements are needed to support
the ongoing business may vary between jurisdictions and particular circumstances, for example an
appraisal process may determine that only a subset of recordkeeping process metadata should be
transferred to an archival system.
8 Management of metadata
8.1 General
Two areas of metadata management can be distinguished:
a) creating, capturing and managing the records management metadata;
b) creating, implementing, maintaining and managing the rules that govern these processes and the
structures that accommodate them in metadata schema.
8.2 Levels of application of metadata
The metadata described in this clause can be applied at different levels, such as to
a) individual records,
b) aggregations of records and/or
c) entire records systems,
depending on organizational needs and requirements. Records systems should be designed to capture
metadata at whatever levels are organizationally appropriate. It should be noted that, while certain
forms of metadata, such as a title, may need to be applied to every record in a system, other metadata
may be applied at a broader level of aggregation than the individual record.
8.3 Points throughout the existence of records when metadata should be created
and applied
Creating and applying metadata to records can and should occur at multiple points throughout their
existence.
Much of the metadata described in this clause should be created during the record’s capture, registration
and classification processes, as described in ISO 15489-1:2016, 9.2 (creating records), 9.3 (capturing
records), 9.4 (records classification and indexing) and 9.5 (access control). This defines the record at its
point of capture, fixing it into its business context and enabling the management processes to take place.
Metadata creation and capture should continue after records generation. Metadata should be updated
as records participating in transactions become related to others, as management needs change and
when records systems are transferred from one organization to another. Metadata should reflect these
changing circumstances. This is referred to as process metadata (see 5.2.3).
Capture and maintenance of these metadata should occur as a normal part of business and records
management operations.
NOTE Metadata schemas for records, as outlined in ISO 15489-1:2016, 8.2, consolidate requirements of other
key records controls which can facilitate much of the metadata attribution and inheritance processes required in
Clause 9 of this document.
8.4 Processes of metadata management
8.4.1 General
Management of metadata entails the same processes as described in ISO 15489-1:2016, Clause 9:
creation, capture, classification, indexing, access, storage, use and reuse, migration and conversion,
disposition, definition of policies, strategies and methods.
8.4.2 Defining policies and methods
Agents, including records professionals, should define and document policies and rules for managing
metadata and should articulate requirements for metadata structures in line with their business
requirements. These policies and rules encompass issues such as assigning responsibilities, what
metadata should be created and captured, when and from what sources, what metadata structures will
be valid, and what standards and what supporting systems should be used.
8.4.3 Creating and maintaining metadata
Records professionals should identify what metadata need to be created and captured when creating
and maintaining records. The process of metadata creation at the time of record creation should be
monitored and documented. Whenever possible such processes should be automated.
Metadata about creating or altering metadata about a record should also be defined and maintained.
They will support appropriate and consistent documentation of changes in the metadata record.
8.4.4 Creating and maintaining structures for managing metadata
Structures for capturing, storing and managing metadata (see 8.6) should be developed and defined to
reflect records and records management requirements.
Relationships between metadata elements, and between them and the information objects they
describe should be persistent. These relationships should be correctly and persistently maintained
over time with particular attention given to changes caused through migration, conversion and other
preservation measures.
8 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

8.4.5 Determining when and how metadata should be captured
Agents, including records professionals, should identify what metadata to capture, when to capture
them, and from what sources. These metadata requirements should be based on the records
management processes defined in ISO 15489-1:2016, Clause 9. Part of this activity is also to determine
how metadata should be captured (manually or automatically).
8.4.6 Documenting and enforcing standard definitions
Agents, including records professionals, should document the rules and policies on consistent use of
content standards, structures, terms and other related, relevant issues. They should ensure that those
metadata structures, terms, entity descriptions, and attributes are used in a consistent way.
8.4.7 Access to metadata
Access to metadata should be limited to authorized persons and managed with approved policies and
rules. Access and permissions rules should be in place. Agents should also define a policy and rules
for interoperability of records management metadata in order to facilitate exchange and retrieval of
records across information systems, organizations or jurisdictions.
There should be a mechanism to track and document access or usage, and any alterations or additions
made to metadata.
8.4.8 Storing metadata
Agents, including records professionals, should decide upon the way metadata should be stored. Such
decisions should take into account persistent linkage between metadata and the objects to which they
relate or belong. Metadata can be stored together with the records or separately in a database(s), or
both. Management criteria, such as costs and performance, may affect decisions on how metadata will
be stored.
8.4.9 Description
The process of managing metadata is ongoing for as long as records and their relevant aggregates exist.
To retain meaningful, reliable and usable records, new metadata should be added where necessary.
This should be done through time and across domains, for example, when functions of one organization
and the relevant parts of its records system are transferred to another. This can entail adaptation by
the receiving organization of its existing metadata structures. Organizations should define procedures
and policies for documenting these changes.
Several layers can be distinguished with an ever-expanding scope, depending on how widely records
will be shared and used. Records are managed in systems, these systems are managed by organizations
and these organizations are part of a broader context (a business sector, a government, a nation, the
public or a society). At each of these levels, metadata should provide enough information about the
records to make them understandable and accessible to the community concerned.
In time, the original environment will change or disappear and the intellectual discourse and knowledge
will evolve. These types of changes require translation of the original context of the creation of records
into this newer environment. This, too, will be done through metadata. Over time, this activity will be
taken over by individuals in successor organizations who were not present at the point of creation.
8.4.10 Maintenance of metadata
8.4.10.1 Processes and methods
Several methods and techniques are available to organize and maintain metadata and metadata
structures. The recommended method is to use metadata schema (see 8.5). Processes included in
maintenance are the following.
a) Monitoring to ensure data integrity in maintaining metadata.
b) Security measures controlling access to metadata, such as authorization rules between agents or
systems and the entities or objects to which they have access. These include agents with authority
to change metadata structures.
c) Recovery mechanisms in the case of system failure.
d) Backup procedures.
e) Migration through information technology environments or changes to or update of systems
managing records management metadata.
8.4.10.2 Authenticity and fixity of metadata
Records management metadata are as much subject to authenticity rules or criteria as the records
to which they are linked in order to make them trustworthy. Agents should therefore document all
policies and rules relating to metadata and developments therein. Changes in structures for metadata,
either conceptual or physical, should also be documented.
An important element for ensuring authenticity of metadata and proper metadata management over
time is the requirement that captured metadata be fixed. Records
...


NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 23081-1
Deuxième édition
2017-10
Information et documentation —
Processus de gestion des documents
d'activité — Métadonnées pour les
documents d'activité —
Partie 1:
Principes
Information and documentation — Records management processes
— Metadata for records —
Part 1: Principles
Numéro de référence
©
ISO 2017
DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT
© ISO 2017, Publié en Suisse
Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée
sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie, l’affichage sur
l’internet ou sur un Intranet, sans autorisation écrite préalable. Les demandes d’autorisation peuvent être adressées à l’ISO à
l’adresse ci-après ou au comité membre de l’ISO dans le pays du demandeur.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2017 – Tous droits réservés

Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .v
Introduction .vi
1 Domaine d'application . 1
2 Références normatives . 1
3 Termes et définitions . 1
4 Métadonnées de gestion des documents d’activité . 2
5 Mise en perspective et finalités des métadonnées de gestion des documents d’activité .3
5.1 Finalités et bénéfices des métadonnées de gestion des documents d’activité . 3
5.2 Métadonnées de gestion des documents d’activité à appliquer dans un organisme . 4
5.2.1 Généralités . 4
5.2.2 Métadonnées au moment de la capture du document d’activité . 5
5.2.3 Métadonnées après la capture d’un document d’activité . 5
6 Rôles et responsabilités . 5
7 Métadonnées de gestion des documents d’activité en relation avec d’autres
domaines de métadonnées . 6
7.1 Généralités . 6
7.2 Métadonnées pour les échanges électroniques . 7
7.3 Métadonnées destinées à la conservation . 7
7.4 Métadonnées pour la description des ressources . 7
7.5 Métadonnées pour la recherche de ressources . 7
7.6 Métadonnées pour la gestion des droits . 8
7.7 Métadonnées pour la pérennité au-delà des frontières du système . 8
8 Gestion des métadonnées . 8
8.1 Généralités . 8
8.2 Niveaux d’application des métadonnées . 8
8.3 Moments dans le cycle de vie des documents d’activité où il convient de créer et
d’appliquer des métadonnées . 8
8.4 Processus de gestion des métadonnées . 9
8.4.1 Généralités . 9
8.4.2 Définition des procédures et des méthodes . 9
8.4.3 Création et maintenance des métadonnées . 9
8.4.4 Création et maintenance des structures de gestion des métadonnées. 9
8.4.5 Déterminer le moment où il convient de capturer les métadonnées et la
façon de procéder.10
8.4.6 Documentation et mise en application des définitions de la norme .10
8.4.7 Accès aux métadonnées .10
8.4.8 Stockage des métadonnées .10
8.4.9 Description . . .10
8.4.10 Maintenance des métadonnées .11
8.5 Structures de métadonnées .11
8.6 Rôle des systèmes .12
9 Types de métadonnées requis à l’appui de l’ISO 15489-1 .13
9.1 Présentation des types de métadonnées .13
9.2 Métadonnées des documents d’activité .14
9.2.1 Métadonnées des documents d’activité au moment de leur capture .14
9.2.2 Métadonnées sur les documents d’activité après leur capture .15
9.2.3 Métadonnées qui sous-tendent l’accès aux documents d’activité . .15
9.2.4 Métadonnées pour la sécurité des documents d’activité .16
9.3 Métadonnées sur les règles, les procédures et les missions liées aux métiers .17
9.3.1 Métadonnées sur les règles, les procédures et les missions au moment de
la capture du document d'activité .17
9.3.2 Métadonnées sur les règles, les procédures et les missions après la
capture des documents d’activité .18
9.4 Métadonnées sur les acteurs .18
9.4.1 Métadonnées sur les acteurs au moment de la capture du document d'activité .18
9.4.2 Métadonnées sur les acteurs après la capture des documents d'activité .19
9.5 Métadonnées des processus métier.19
9.5.1 Métadonnées des processus métier au moment de la capture du
document d’activité .19
9.5.2 Métadonnées sur les processus après la capture des documents d’activité .20
9.6 Métadonnées sur les processus de gestion des documents d’activité .20
9.6.1 Métadonnées sur les processus de gestion des documents d’activité au
moment de la capture du document d’activité .20
9.6.2 Métadonnées sur les processus de gestion des documents d’activité après
la capture du document d’activité.21
Bibliographie .23
iv © ISO 2017 – Tous droits réservés

Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes
nationaux de normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est
en général confiée aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude
a le droit de faire partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales,
gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux.
L'ISO collabore étroitement avec la Commission électrotechnique internationale (IEC) en ce qui
concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les procédures utilisées pour élaborer le présent document et celles destinées à sa mise à jour sont
décrites dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1. Il convient, en particulier de prendre note des différents
critères d'approbation requis pour les différents types de documents ISO. Le présent document a été
rédigé conformément aux règles de rédaction données dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2 (voir www
.iso .org/ directives).
L'attention est attirée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l'objet de
droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L'ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable
de ne pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence. Les détails concernant
les références aux droits de propriété intellectuelle ou autres droits analogues identifiés lors de
l'élaboration du document sont indiqués dans l'Introduction et/ou dans la liste des déclarations de
brevets reçues par l'ISO (voir www .iso .org/ brevets).
Les appellations commerciales éventuellement mentionnées dans le présent document sont données
pour information, par souci de commodité, à l’intention des utilisateurs et ne sauraient constituer un
engagement.
Pour une explication de la nature volontaire des normes, la signification des termes et expressions
spécifiques de l'ISO liés à l'évaluation de la conformité, ou pour toute information au sujet de l'adhésion
de l'ISO aux principes de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) concernant les obstacles
techniques au commerce (OTC), voir le lien suivant: www .iso .org/ iso/ fr/ avant -propos .html.
Le présent document a été élaboré par le comité technique ISO/TC 46, Information et documentation,
sous-comité SC 11, Archives/Gestion des documents d'activité.
Cette deuxième édition annule et remplace la première édition (ISO 23081-1:2006) qui a fait l’objet
d’une révision technique.
Une liste de toutes les parties de la série ISO 23081 se trouve sur le site Web de l’ISO.
Introduction
L'ISO 23801 établit un cadre permettant de créer, gérer et utiliser les métadonnées associées à la gestion
des documents d’activité et explique les principes qui les régissent.
Le présent document fournit des lignes directrices pour comprendre, mettre en œuvre et utiliser les
métadonnées dans le cadre de l'ISO 15489. Il aborde la pertinence des métadonnées liées à la gestion
des documents d’activité dans les processus métiers et les différents rôles et types de métadonnées à
l’appui. Il établit aussi un cadre de gestion de ces métadonnées.
NOTE Dans la présente partie de l'ISO 23081, « professionnel » et « activités professionnelles » sont utilisés
au sens large et non limités aux seules activités commerciales, mais ils comprennent l’administration publique,
les activités non lucratives et autres.
Il ne définit pas un jeu obligatoire de métadonnées pour mettre en œuvre un système de gestion des
documents d’activité, puisque le choix des métadonnées varie en fonction des impératifs spécifiques
d’ordre organisationnel ou juridique. Toutefois, il évalue les principaux jeux existants de métadonnées
pour répondre aux exigences de l'ISO 15489.
L'ISO 23081-2 et l'ISO 23081-3 sont plus explicatives et constituent des lignes directrices pratiques sur
les aspects de mise en œuvre et la façon d’évaluer les jeux de métadonnées par rapport aux principes du
présent document.
vi © ISO 2017 – Tous droits réservés

NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 23081-1:2017(F)
Information et documentation — Processus de gestion des
documents d'activité — Métadonnées pour les documents
d'activité —
Partie 1:
Principes
1 Domaine d'application
Le présent document couvre les principes de base qui régissent les métadonnées liées à la gestion des
documents d’activité. Ces principes s'appliquent:
— aux documents d'activité et à leurs métadonnées;
— à tout processus qui les affecte;
— à tout système dans lequel ils se trouvent;
— à tout organisme responsable de leur gestion.
2 Références normatives
Les documents suivants cités dans le texte constituent, pour tout ou partie de leur contenu, des
exigences du présent document. Pour les références datées, seule l’édition citée s’applique. Pour les
références non datées, la dernière édition du document de référence s'applique (y compris les éventuels
amendements).
ISO 15489-1:2016, Information et documentation — Gestion des documents d’activité — Partie 1: Concepts
et principes
3 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions donnés dans l’ISO 15489-1 ainsi que les
suivants s'appliquent.
L'ISO et l'IEC tiennent à jour des bases de données terminologiques destinées à être utilisées en
normalisation, consultables aux adresses suivantes:
— ISO Online browsing platform: disponible à l'adresse https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: disponible à l’adresse http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
acteur
personne, groupe de travail ou organisme responsable ou impliqué dans la création d’un document
d'activité, sa capture et/ou dans les processus liés à la gestion des documents d’activité
Note 1 à l'article: Des outils technologiques, tels que des applications logicielles, peuvent être considérés comme
des acteurs s'ils exécutent régulièrement des processus liés aux documents d'activité.
3.2
agrégation
toute accumulation d'entités document d'activité à un niveau supérieur à l'objet document d'activité
[SOURCE: ISO 16175-2:2011]
3.3
attribut
caractéristique d'un objet ou d'une entité
[SOURCE: ISO 23081-2:2009, 3.2]
3.4
activité professionnelle
ensemble des fonctions, activités et transactions d'un organisme et de ses employés
Note 1 à l'article: Elle inclut l'administration publique ainsi que les activités commerciales.
[SOURCE: ISO 16175-2:2011, modifiée]
3.5
capture
processus de dépôt d'un document ou d'un objet numérique dans un système de gestion des documents
d'activité et d'assignation de métadonnées pour décrire le document d'activité et le situer dans son
contexte
[SOURCE: ISO 16175-3:2010, modifiée]
3.6
schéma d’encodage
liste contrôlée de toutes les valeurs acceptables en langage naturel et/ou en tant que chaîne de
caractères encodée conçue pour le traitement par machine
3.7
entité
chose concrète ou abstraite qui existe, a existé ou peut exister, y compris des associations entre de
telles choses
3.8
intégrité
qualité de ce qui est fixe, c'est-à-dire protégé contre toute altération ou élimination non autorisée
[SOURCE: ISO 16175-3:2010, modifiée]
3.9
métadonnées de gestion des documents d'activité
informations structurées ou semi-structurées, qui permettent la création, la gestion et l'utilisation de
documents d'activité dans le temps, au sein de divers domaines et entre ces domaines
[SOURCE: ISO 15489-1:2016, 3.12]
3.10
référentiel de métadonnées
plan logique qui montre les relations entre les éléments de métadonnées, habituellement par
l’établissement de règles d’utilisation et de gestion des métadonnées qui portent en particulier sur la
sémantique, la syntaxe et la condition des valeurs (niveau d’obligation)
4 Métadonnées de gestion des documents d’activité
La gestion des métadonnées constitue une partie indissociable de la gestion des documents d’activité
servant diverses fonctions et divers objectifs. Dans le cadre de la gestion des documents d'activité, les
2 © ISO 2017 – Tous droits réservés

métadonnées de gestion des documents d'activité sont définies comme des informations structurées
ou semi-structurées, qui permettent la création, la gestion et l'utilisation de documents d'activité
dans le temps, au sein de divers domaines et entre ces domaines (ISO 15489-1:2016, 3.12). Chaque
domaine représente une aire du savoir intellectuel et de l’activité sociale et/ou organisationnelle d’un
groupe distinct ou limité de personnes partageant certaines valeurs et savoirs. Les métadonnées de
gestion des documents d’activité peuvent servir à identifier, authentifier, contextualiser des documents
d’activité et des personnes, des processus et des systèmes qui créent, gèrent, maintiennent et utilisent
ces documents, ainsi que les règles qui les régissent (voir 9.1).
Initialement, les métadonnées définissent le document d’activité au moment de sa capture, l’inscrivant
dans son contexte d’activité et établissant le mode de contrôle de sa gestion. Au cours de l’existence des
documents d’activité ou de leurs agrégats, de nouvelles couches de métadonnées viendront s’ajouter
en raison de nouvelles utilisations dans d’autres contextes métiers ou d’autres usages. Cela signifie
que les métadonnées continuent à s'accumuler au fil du temps. Des informations relatives au contexte
de gestion des documents d’activité et des processus métiers dans lesquels ils sont utilisés continuent
à s'accumuler au fil de la gestion et de l'utilisation des documents d'activité. Le document d'activité
peut également subir des modifications affectant sa structure ou son apparence. Les métadonnées
peuvent avoir pour origine de multiples systèmes qui les utiliseront à nouveau à de nombreuses fins.
Les métadonnées qui s’appliquent aux documents d’activité au long de leur cycle de vie active peuvent
aussi garder une utilité lorsqu’ils ne sont plus nécessaires à la gestion courante des affaires, mais sont
conservés pour des recherches ultérieures ou d’autres fonctions.
Les métadonnées assurent l’authenticité, la fiabilité, l’exploitabilité et l’intégrité dans le temps des
objets d’information, qu’ils soient physiques, analogiques ou numériques, et en permettent la gestion et
la compréhension. Mais il convient également de gérer ces métadonnées.
La gestion des documents d’activité a toujours impliqué la gestion de métadonnées. Toutefois,
l’environnement numérique requiert une expression différente des spécifications habituelles et
des mécanismes différents pour identifier, capturer, attribuer et utiliser ces métadonnées. Dans
l’environnement numérique, les documents d’activité qui feront autorité sont ceux qui seront
accompagnés de métadonnées qui en définissent les caractéristiques essentielles. Il importe que ces
caractéristiques soient documentées explicitement plutôt que demeurer implicites comme c’est le cas
de certains processus fondés sur le document papier. Dans l’environnement numérique, il est essentiel
de s’assurer que la création et la capture des métadonnées de gestion des documents d’activité soient
mises en œuvre dans les systèmes qui créent, gèrent et utilisent ces documents d’activité. En revanche,
l’environnement numérique offre de nouvelles occasions pour définir et créer des métadonnées et
assurer la capture complète et simultanée des documents d’activités. Ces derniers peuvent constituer
des preuves de transactions ou être eux-mêmes des transactions.
5 Mise en perspective et finalités des métadonnées de gestion des documents
d’activité
5.1 Finalités et bénéfices des métadonnées de gestion des documents d’activité
Les métadonnées sont indispensables à la gestion des affaires et aux processus liés à la gestion des
documents d’activité car elles
a) assurent la valeur de preuve des documents d’activité et assurent leur accessibilité et exploitabilité
dans le temps;
b) facilitent la capacité à comprendre les documents d’activité;
c) apportent et assurent la valeur de preuve des documents d’activité;
d) concourent à assurer l’authenticité, la fiabilité et l’intégrité des documents d’activité;
e) prennent en compte et gèrent l’accès, la confidentialité et les droits;
f) assurent un repérage efficace;
g) assurent la réutilisation et la réaffectation des documents d'activité;
h) garantissent les stratégies d’interopérabilité en permettant la capture contrôlée des documents
d’activité, créés dans des contextes techniques et métiers divers, et leur pérennité aussi longtemps
que nécessaire;
i) fournissent des liens logiques entre les documents d’activité et le contexte de leur création, puis les
maintiennent de façon structurée, fiable et compréhensible;
j) prennent en compte l’identification de l’environnement technologique dans lequel les documents
d’activité numériques ont été créés ou capturés et la gestion de l’environnement technologique dans
lequel ils sont maintenus afin que les documents d’activité authentiques puissent être reproduits
aussi longtemps que de besoin;
k) assurent une migration efficace et satisfaisante des documents d’activité d’un environnement ou
d’une plate-forme informatique vers un(e) autre ou toute autre stratégie de conservation.
5.2 Métadonnées de gestion des documents d’activité à appliquer dans un organisme
5.2.1 Généralités
Il convient que les organismes arbitrent les exigences concernant les métadonnées décrites dans le
présent document nécessaires à leur(s) système(s) organisationnel(s). Ces décisions dépendent
a) des besoins de l’organisme;
b) de son environnement réglementaire;
c) des risques affectant son fonctionnement.
Ces évaluations permettent d’identifier les types de métadonnées qu’il est nécessaire d’appliquer dans
les différents départements de l’organisme en fonction des risques ou des besoins de l’organisme.
Différents points de vue sur les métadonnées de gestion des documents d’activité sont possibles et
peuvent coexister. Ils comprennent
1) le point de vue de l’organisme, pour lequel les métadonnées de gestion des documents d’activité
sous-tendent les processus métiers;
2) le point de vue du responsable de la gestion des documents d’activité, pour lequel les
métadonnées capturent les caractéristiques et le contexte des documents d’activité, et en garantissent
la gestion dans le temps;
3) le point de vue de l’utilisation, interne ou externe au contexte de création des documents
d’activité, les métadonnées permettant le repérage, la compréhension et l’interprétation de ces derniers.
Des niveaux plus étendus de précisions sur le contexte peuvent être requis pour comprendre et utiliser
les documents d’activité dans le temps, en particulier dans des environnements différents de ceux de
leur création.
Les métadonnées de gestion des documents d’activité consistent en
i) métadonnées qui documentent le contexte dans lequel les documents d’activité sont créés ou
capturés ainsi que le contenu, la structure et l’apparence de ces derniers;
ii) métadonnées qui documentent la gestion des documents d’activité et les processus métiers dans
lesquels les documents d’activité sont utilisés par la suite, y compris toute modification de contenu,
de structure et d’apparence.
4 © ISO 2017 – Tous droits réservés

5.2.2 Métadonnées au moment de la capture du document d’activité
Au moment de la capture du document d’activité, les métadonnées comprennent les informations sur
le contexte de la création de ce document, le contexte métier, les acteurs impliqués et les métadonnées
liées au contenu, à l’apparence, à la structure et aux attributs techniques des documents d’activité eux-
mêmes. Elles permettent d’utiliser les documents d’activité dans une application ou dans un système
d’information et de les rendre lisibles, utilisables et compréhensibles. Le contexte des documents
d’activité comprend aussi les informations sur les processus métiers dont ils sont issus. Ces métadonnées
permettront aux utilisateurs d’appréhender la fiabilité de l’autorité de création des documents d’activité,
l’environnement dans lequel ils ont été créés, l’objectif visé ou l’activité de l’entreprise et leurs relations
avec d’autres documents d’activité ou agrégats. Il convient que les métadonnées qui documentent le
contexte des activités fassent partie intégrante des documents d’activité produits par leur créateur
et soient capturées en même temps que ces documents dans le système de gestion des documents
d’activité.
La structure d’un document d’activité est constituée de
a) sa structure physique ou technique;
b) sa structure logique, c’est-à-dire les relations entre les éléments de données qui le composent.
Ces aspects sont aussi importants que le contenu lui-même. Il convient que les métadonnées qui
concernent les aspects techniques décrivent le système dans lequel les documents d’activité sont créés
ou capturés ainsi que les caractéristiques techniques de leurs composantes numériques.
5.2.3 Métadonnées après la capture d’un document d’activité
Il convient de documenter tous les processus de gestion des documents d’activité dont a fait l’objet un
document ou un agrégat de documents d’activité. Afin de conserver les documents d’activité et d’en
garantir l’authenticité, la fiabilité, l’exploitabilité et l’intégrité dans le temps, il est nécessaire de créer
des métadonnées qui favorisent le déclenchement ou la documentation de ces processus de gestion
des documents d’activité (dénommées dans le présent document « métadonnées de processus »). Ces
métadonnées doivent comprendre les informations sur les processus de gestion qui ont été ou seront
appliqués à chaque document d’activité. Le niveau de détail destiné à documenter les processus de
gestion des documents d’activité variera en fonction des impératifs prédéterminés de gestion. Les
métadonnées relatives aux processus de gestion des documents d’activité peuvent être appliquées tout
au long de la vie du document d’activité. Les processus de gestion des documents d’activité créent et
utilisent également des métadonnées techniques pour la présentation et la reproduction des documents
d’activité numériques qu’il convient d’enregistrer. En outre, il convient de capturer toute modification
du contenu, du contexte et de la structure d’un document d’activité induite par les activités de gestion.
Il convient également de documenter les processus métiers qui accèdent/demandent l’accès aux
documents d’activité dans les métadonnées tout au long de la vie de ces derniers. Ces pratiques
comprennent l’association des documents d’activité à des actions, à des déclenchements d’actions et à
d’autres documents d’activité.
Toutes les métadonnées ayant trait au document d’activité, ainsi que celles qui s’ajoutent au cours de
sa gestion et de son utilisation, forment aussi un document d’activité, le document des métadonnées
qu’il convient aussi de gérer. Il est essentiel de conserver ce document de métadonnées au moins aussi
longtemps que le document d’activité d’origine existe. Dans le cas de l’élimination des documents
d’activité, soit par transfert de dépôt ou de propriété, soit par destruction, il est possible que certaines
métadonnées les concernant demeurent nécessaires pour en justifier l’existence, la gestion et
l’élimination.
6 Rôles et responsabilités
Il convient de définir, d’attribuer et de répartir les rôles et les responsabilités liés aux métadonnées de
gestion des documents d’activité au sein de l’organisme. Lorsqu'un besoin spécifique de création et de
capture de métadonnées de gestion des documents d'activité est identifié, il convient que la personne
responsable de prendre les mesures nécessaires soit clairement désignée (ISO 15489-1:2016, 6.3).
Ces responsabilités constituent un sous-ensemble des rôles et responsabilités censés mener à bien les
processus métiers et de gestion des documents d’activité. Aussi convient-il de les confier au personnel
de l’organisme qui crée, capture ou gère les métadonnées. Ce sont les professionnels de la gestion des
documents d'activité, les autres professionnels de l’information, les cadres supérieurs, les responsables
de département, les administrateurs de systèmes et tout autre collaborateur qui crée ou capture les
documents d’activité et les métadonnées associées dans le cadre de leurs fonctions. Il convient que
la conduite, la responsabilité et le suivi de la gestion des métadonnées soient confiés à une personne
habilitée au sein de l’organisme et il convient que ces missions figurent dans la fiche du poste, le
règlement intérieur et les dispositions similaires.
Ces responsabilités sont les suivantes.
a) Les professionnels de la gestion des documents d’activité sont responsables de la fiabilité, de
l’authenticité, de l’exploitabilité et de l’intégrité des métadonnées associées aux documents
d’activité, ainsi que de la formation des utilisateurs à la capture, la gestion et l’utilisation des
métadonnées. Les professionnels de la gestion des documents d’activité participent à la définition
des métadonnées requises, mettent au point les dispositions et stratégies correspondantes et
contrôlent le processus de création de ces métadonnées.
b) Tous les acteurs sont chargés d’assurer l’exactitude et l’exhaustivité des métadonnées de gestion
des documents d’activité dont ils ont la responsabilité.
c) Les cadres supérieurs sont responsables de la mise en place des contrôles internes de sorte que
les utilisateurs, les auditeurs, les juristes et tout autre utilisateur autorisé puissent se fier aux
informations produites par l'organisme. Ces cadres ont également la responsabilité de garantir
l’utilisation des métadonnées de gestion des documents d'activité et des règles associées au sein de
leur organisme.
d) Les professionnels des technologies de l’information sont responsables de la fiabilité, de
l’exploitabilité et de l’intégrité des systèmes servant à capturer et à maintenir les métadonnées. Ils
ont la responsabilité de s’assurer que toutes les métadonnées de gestion des documents d’activité
sont bien reliées aux documents d’activité correspondants et que ces liens sont maintenus en
permanence.
Il convient d’inscrire aux programmes de formation ces fonctions de responsabilité. Il convient que des
procédures d’audit en contrôlent la mise en application.
7 Métadonnées de gestion des documents d’activité en relation avec d’autres
domaines de métadonnées
7.1 Généralités
Les métadonnées peuvent être créées, capturées et gérées dans un but unique, particulier, ou pour de
multiples objectifs. Ces objectifs peuvent comprendre les échanges électroniques, la conservation, la
description de la ressource, la découverte de la ressource et la gestion des droits. Dans tous ces cas,
les métadonnées de gestion des documents d’activité peuvent être partagées. Par exemple, il se peut
que les métadonnées au moment de la capture du document d’activité héritent de la description de la
ressource et l’enrichissent, puis servent à sa découverte. Les métadonnées de gestion des documents
d’activité peuvent être héritées ou extraites de systèmes d’automatisation des processus, de logiciels
standard de bureautique, de systèmes de messagerie électronique et d’autres systèmes de gestion.
Ni les métadonnées au moment de la capture ni les métadonnées associées aux processus de gestion
des documents d’activité ne peuvent exister isolément. Il est donc opportun et nécessaire d’examiner la
création et la capture des métadonnées destinées à la gestion des documents d’activité dans ce contexte
élargi pour s’assurer que les liens et les relations appropriés sont établis et que les métadonnées ne sont
ni dupliquées ni produites inutilement.
6 © ISO 2017 – Tous droits réservés

7.2 Métadonnées pour les échanges électroniques
Les métadonnées facilitent les échanges électroniques, dont le commerce et l’administration
électroniques. Il est possible de capturer des métadonnées à toutes les étapes des échanges
électroniques. Elles englobent la localisation d’un produit, d’un service, d’un fournisseur et d’un client,
l’accord sur les modalités et les conditions des échanges, les signatures numériques et les transactions
des processus métier elles-mêmes. Ces métadonnées fournissent les informations sur le contexte
métier. Elles peuvent donc recouvrir les métadonnées contextuelles (voir 9.2.1), aussi bien que les
métadonnées structurelles et de stockage (voir 9.2.1), les métadonnées liées à la sécurité (voir 9.2.4) et
certaines métadonnées d’accès (voir 9.2.3).
7.3 Métadonnées destinées à la conservation
La conservation des informations, en particulier des informations numériques, pour un accès pérenne,
est du ressort de la gestion des documents d’activité, des communautés des bibliothèques et des
archives. Les technologies de l’information sont relativement instables en comparaison des technologies
liées au support papier. Des métadonnées techniques sont nécessaires pour répondre au défi des
technologies en constante évolution. Des métadonnées supplémentaires structurelles et de stockage
(voir 9.2.1) et certaines métadonnées relatives aux processus de gestion des documents d’activité (voir
9.6) sont nécessaires à l’appui de la conservation. Ces métadonnées comprennent les métadonnées du
processus de gestion des documents d’activité dont l’accès et la sécurité, la migration, la conservation
et les actions de transfert pour assurer non seulement l’accès aux documents d’activité dans le temps,
mais aussi leur authenticité, fiabilité, exploitabilité et intégrité, de manière continue.
7.4 Métadonnées pour la description des ressources
L’un des usages fondamentaux des métadonnées est destiné à la description de ressources. Ces
ressources peuvent être des livres, des journaux, des vidéos, des documents, des images ou des objets.
Elles comprennent aussi des documents d’activité versés dans des dépôts d’archives. Il convient que les
métadonnées identifient la ressource; elles peuvent comprendre le titre, l’auteur ou les auteurs, la ou
les dates, l’identifiant unique, les relations avec d’autres ressources (par exemple dans les mêmes séries
thématiques) et sa dimension (par exemple taille ou longueur). Certains de ces éléments de métadonnées
sont aussi utilisés dans un contexte de gestion des documents d’activité. Ils sont similaires, tout en
pouvant les chevaucher, aux éléments des métadonnées initiales au moment de la capture du document
d’activité documentant le contenu de celui-ci. Toutefois, les métadonnées descriptives liées à la gestion
des documents d’activité et à l’archivage sont généralement plus étendues que les métadonnées standard
de description de la ressource et elles peuvent comporter d’autres éléments comme par exemple des
métadonnées contextuelles.
Il existe une forte relation entre le type de métadonnées décrites et la description archivistique. Pour
décrire leurs fonds, les services d’archives utilisent des métadonnées afin d’en conserver la signification
dans le temps, de les placer dans leurs contextes administratifs et de gestion des documents d’activité,
et d’en faciliter l’utilisation et la gestion. Par conséquent, les standards existants de description
archivistique, tels qu’ISAD(G) et ISAAR(CPF), recouvrent en grande partie les métadonnées de
gestion des documents d’activité car ces deux standards concernent la documentation sur le contexte
métier et les processus de gestion. La gestion des archives, dont la description, constitue une activité
complémentaire et continue des documents d’activité perçus comme ayant valeur d’archive historique.
Par conséquent, il est recommandé de mettre en place une fonctionnalité permettant la migration des
métadonnées entre les systèmes d’organisation des documents d’activité et les systèmes de gestion des
archives.
7.5 Métadonnées pour la recherche de ressources
Les métadonnées associées à la recherche des ressources, c’est-à-dire le repérage des informations,
recouvrent les métadonnées descriptives et les complètent (voir 7.4). Les entités opérationnelles, les
gestionnaires des connaissances, les bibliothécaires et le public dépendent tous des métadonnées liées
au repérage des informations. Les métadonnées d'indexation, de classement et de localisation sont des
exemples qui aident à la recherche de ressources. Ces métadonnées vont également dans le sens des
objectifs de gestion des documents d’activité en facilitant la recherche des ressources de documents
d’activité. Dans un contexte de gestion des documents d’activité, ces métadonnées sont essentiellement
liées aux métadonnées qui permettent l’accès aux ressources (voir 9.2.3).
7.6 Métadonnées pour la gestion des droits
La gestion des droits peut être considérée comme un type ou un aspect particulier des échanges
électroniques, dès lors que ces derniers sont liés à la gestion des droits en général et à l’utilisation des
ressources d’information d’un acteur. Elle englobe la description, l’évaluation, les négociations, le suivi
et la traçabilité de ces droits et nécessite des métadonnées qui décrivent les trois entités clés concernées
par l’utilisation des ressources d’information. Ces trois entités sont les personnes impliquées (par
exemple auteur, éditeur et utilisateur), le contenu sous toutes ses formes et les droits eux-mêmes (par
exemple les habilitations, les contraintes et les droits d’utilisation).
7.7 Métadonnées pour la pérennité au-delà des frontières du système
Pour s'assurer que les documents d'activité font encore autorité après leur migration ou leur échange
entre systèmes, une définition des métadonnées est nécessaire. Les décisions concernant les éléments
de métadonnées qui sont spécifiquement nécessaires à la poursuite des activités peuvent varier
selon les juridictions et les circonstances particulières; par exemple, un processus d'évaluation peut
déterminer qu'il convient de ne transférer qu'un sous-ensemble des métadonnées liées au processus de
conservation des documents d'activité à un système d'archivage.
8 Gestion des métadonnées
8.1 Généralités
On peut distinguer deux aspects dans la gestion des métadonnées:
a) création, capture et gestion des métadonnées de gestion des documents d’activité;
b) création, mise en œuvre, maintenance et gestion des règles qui régissent ces processus et les
structures qui les intègrent dans le référentiel de métadonnées.
8.2 Niveaux d’application des métadonnées
Les métadonnées décrites dans le présent paragraphe peuvent s’appliquer à différents niveaux
comme aux
a) documents d’activité isolés;
b) agrégats de documents d'activité et/ou
c) systèmes documentaires complets,
en fonction des besoins et des impératifs organisationnels. Il convient de concevoir des systèmes de
gestion des documents d’activité capturant les métadonnées à quelque niveau approprié d’organisation
que ce soit. Il convient de noter que certaines formes de métadonnées, comme le titre, peuvent devoir
s’appliquer à chaque document d’activité dans un système, alors que d’autres peuvent s’appliquer à un
niveau d’agrégation plus large que le document d’activité isolé.
8.3 Moments dans le cycle de vie des documents d’activité où il convient de créer et
d’appliquer des métadonnées
Créer et appliquer des métadonnées à des documents d’activité peut intervenir à plusieurs reprises au
cours de leur cycle de vie.
8 © ISO 2017 – Tous droits réservés

Il convient que la plupart des métadonnées décrites dans le présent paragraphe soient créées durant
les processus de capture, d’enregistrement et de classement du document d’activité, comme décrit
dans l’ISO 15489-1:2016, 9.2 (création de documents d'activité), 9.3 (capture des documents d'activité),
9.4 (classification et indexation des documents d'activité) et 9.5 (contrôle d'accès). Cette démarche
permet de définir le document d’activité au moment de sa capture, de le placer dans son contexte et de
mettre en place des processus de gestion.
Il convient de poursuivre la création et la capture de métadonnées après avoir généré les documents
d’activité. Il convient de mettre à jour les métadonnées puisque les documents d’activité contribuent
aux transactions qui les relient les uns aux autres, par exemple lorsque les besoins de gestion changent
et lorsque les systèmes documentaires sont transférés d’un organisme à un autre. Il convient que les
métadonnées reflètent ces changements conjoncturels. Il est fait référence à ces métadonnées en tant
que métadonnées de processus (voir 5.2.3).
Il convient que la capture et la gestion de ces métadonnées interviennent dans le cadre habituel de
l’activité et des opérations de gestion des métadonnées.
NOTE Les référentiels de métadonn
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

Loading comments...