ISO 14302:2022

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 14302
Second edition
2022-06
Space systems — Electromagnetic
compatibility requirements
Systèmes spatiaux — Exigences relatives à la compatibilité
électromagnétique
Reference number
ISO 14302:2022(E)
© ISO 2022

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ISO 14302:2022(E)
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© ISO 2022
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Published in Switzerland
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ISO 14302:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 1
3.1 Terms and definitions . 1
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 3
4 Requirements . 5
4.1 General system requirements . 5
4.1.1 General . 5
4.1.2 System-level EMC programme . 5
4.1.3 Equipment/subsystem criticality categories . 8
4.1.4 Safety margins . 8
4.2 Specific system requirements . . 8
4.2.1 External electromagnetic environment . 8
4.2.2 Intrasystem EMC . 8
4.2.3 EMI control . 8
4.2.4 Grounding and wiring design . 8
4.2.5 Electrical bonding . 9
4.2.6 Antenna-to-antenna (RF) compatibility . 10
4.2.7 Lightning . 10
4.2.8 Spacecraft and electrostatic charging . 10
4.2.9 Hazards of electromagnetic radiation .12
4.2.10 Life cycle considerations .12
4.2.11 External grounds .12
4.2.12 Spacecraft d.c. magnetic emissions .12
4.2.13 Electric propulsion systems .12
4.3 Equipment-level EMI requirements . 13
4.3.1 General .13
4.3.2 Power bus conducted interference, time and frequency domain, source
induced .13
4.3.3 Power bus conducted interference, load induced, frequency domain .13
4.3.4 Power bus load-induced switching transient emissions. 14
4.3.5 Power bus load-induced time domain ripple. 15
4.3.6 Signal cable conducted interference, frequency domain . .15
4.3.7 Antenna connection port spurious emissions . 15
4.3.8 Magnetic field radiated emissions . 15
4.3.9 Radiated electric field emissions . 15
4.3.10 Immunity to audio frequency power-line ripple . 15
4.3.11 Immunity to power-line switching transients . 15
4.3.12 Immunity to the conducted effects of radiated electromagnetic fields . 16
4.3.13 Immunity to audio frequency radiated magnetic fields . 16
4.3.14 Immunity to radiated electromagnetic fields . 16
4.3.15 Immunity to magnetic fields induced signals to cabling . 16
4.3.16 Control of antenna port immunity to out-of-band interference . 16
4.3.17 Immunity to electrostatic discharge . 16
4.3.18 Passive Intermodulation (PIM) . 16
4.3.19 Multipaction . 16
5 Verification .16
5.1 General system requirements . 16
5.1.1 General . 16
5.1.2 System-level electromagnetic effects verification plan (EMEVP) . 17
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ISO 14302:2022(E)
5.1.3 Electromagnetic effects verification report (EMEVR) . 17
5.1.4 Safety margin demonstration of critical/EED circuit . 17
5.2 Specific system requirements . . 18
5.2.1 External electromagnetic environment . 18
5.2.2 Intrasystem electromagnetic compatibility . 18
5.2.3 Electromagnetic interference control . 18
5.2.4 Grounding and wiring design . 18
5.2.5 Electrical bonding . 18
5.2.6 Antenna-to-antenna (RF) compatibility . 19
5.2.7 Lightning . 19
5.2.8 Spacecraft and static charging. 19
5.2.9 Hazards of electromagnetic radiation . 20
5.2.10 Life cycle . 20
5.2.11 External grounds .20
5.2.12 Spacecraft d.c. magnetic emissions . 20
5.3 Equipment-level EMI testing . 20
5.3.1 General .20
5.3.2 Power bus conducted interference, time and frequency domain, source
induced . 21
5.3.3 Power bus conducted interference, load induced, frequency domain . 21
5.3.4 Power bus load-induced switching transients . 21
5.3.5 Power bus load-induced time domain ripple. 21
5.3.6 Signal cable conducted interference, frequency domain . . 21
5.3.7 Antenna connection port spurious emissions .22
5.3.8 Magnetic field radiated emissions . 22
5.3.9 Radiated electric field emissions . 22
5.3.10 Immunity to audio frequency power-line ripple .22
5.3.11 Immunity to power-line switching transients .22
5.3.12 Immunity to the conducted effects of radiated electromagnetic fields .22
5.3.13 Immunity to audio frequency radiated magnetic fields .22
5.3.14 Immunity to radiated electromagnetic fields .22
5.3.15 Immunity to magnetic fields induced signals to cabling .22
5.3.16 Control of antenna port immunity to out-of-band interference .22
5.3.17 Immunity to electrostatic discharge . 22
Annex A (informative) Rationale behind requirements and tests .24
Bibliography .46
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ISO 14302:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 20, Aircraft and space vehicles,
Subcommittee SC 14, Space systems and operations.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 14302:2002), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— updating related standard documents such as AIAA, ECSS, MIL-STD and etc., considering with
new work has been accomplished over the past 10 years in this field within the US AIAA and ECSS.
Particularly in space - there are many more orbiting transmitters and receivers exploiting the EM
spectrum for earth observation, communications etc.;
— the inclusion of EMC flow chart to clarify timeline for EMC plan, design, analysis and test/evaluation
phase of project;
— the inclusion of technical requirements for multipaction, intermodulation and electrostatic
discharge with consideration of changes of electronic equipment with higher speed digital devices,
data bus & clock frequencies, and switch mode Power supplies by PWM signalling;
— updating of technical requirements, taking into account that equipment is still being qualified or
qualified by similarity to heritage specifications from the 80's.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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ISO 14302:2022(E)
Introduction
This document addresses the equipment-level requirements, verification and rationale of system-level
compatibility concerns used in the development and procurement of complete space systems.
This document includes requirements at all the following levels:
— general system requirements;
— specific system requirements;
— equipment-level electromagnetic interference requirements.
The equipment-level requirements are summarized in Tables 1 and 2.
This document does not include detailed design requirements. Instead, engineering issues to be
addressed during execution of the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) control programme are
presented. Requirements in this document may be tailored based on contractual agreements.
This document references civilian equipment-level electromagnetic interference (EMI) test methods
to minimize cost and allow the use of standard test methods. This document does not contain EMI
test limits. Test limits should be developed based on the environment, power quality definition and
operational requirements.
Annex A presents the rationale behind each requirement/test technique, guidance for meeting
requirements and test procedures where an acceptable reference is not available. Use of Annex A is
advised in order to allow for optimal tailoring of this document for individual programmes.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14302:2022(E)
Space systems — Electromagnetic compatibility
requirements
1 Scope
This document contains a process to establish performance requirements for the purpose of ensuring
space systems electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). The engineering issues to be addressed in order
to achieve system-level EMC are identified herein, with guidance and rationale towards achieving
specification conformance. The method for the derivation of typical equipment-level requirements from
a space-system-level requirement is illustrated. This document also aids in the selection of tailored
requirements for a specific mission (see Annex A).
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 7137:1995, Aircraft — Environmental conditions and test procedures for airborne equipment
IEC 61000-4-2, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 4-2: Testing and measurement techniques —
Electrostatic discharge immunity test
ISO 24637, Space systems — Electromagnetic interference (EMI) test reporting requirements
ECSS-E-20-01A, Multipaction Design and Test
Aerospace Report No. TOR-2014-02198, Standard/Handbook for Multipactor Breakdown Prevention in
Spacecraft Components
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1.1
break-out box
non-flight piece of test support equipment that is connected in-line with a cable that accommodates
external connection (usually binding posts) of instrumentation or series/parallel test networks to the
wiring in that cable
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ISO 14302:2022(E)
3.1.2
complete space system
suite of equipment, subsystems, skills, and techniques capable of performing or supporting an
operational role
Note 1 to entry: A complete space system includes related facilities, equipment, subsystems, materials, services,
and personnel required for its operation to the degree that it can be considered self-sufficient within its
operational or support environment.
Note 2 to entry: The complete space system normally refers to the spacecraft or launch vehicle itself.
3.1.3
dead-facing
removal of power from a circuit prior to mating/de-mating of the circuit interface (usually to prevent
arcing or inadvertent short circuits)
3.1.4
electromagnetic compatibility
EMC
ability of a space equipment or system to function satisfactorily in its intended electromagnetic
environment without introducing intolerable electromagnetic disturbances to anything in that
environment
3.1.5
electromagnetic interference
EMI
degradation of the performance of a space equipment (3.1.6), transmission, channel, or system caused
by an electromagnetic disturbance
3.1.6
equipment
integrated set of parts, and components
Note 1 to entry: An equipment accomplishes a specific function.
Note 2 to entry: An equipment is self-contained and classified as such for the purposes of separate manufacture,
procurement, drawings, specification, storage, issue, maintenance, or use.
SOURCE: ISO 10795 3.93
3.1.7
faying surface
prepared conductive surface of sufficient area and conductivity that, when joined under pressure
contact, ensures a low electrical bond impedance for the required life of the connection
3.1.8
floating
status of a circuit isolated from another one, which is characterized by a resistance of strong value in
parallel with a capacity.
Note 1 to entry: In low frequency, the circuit is actually high impedance; it is not the case in HF considering the
parasitic capacitor. “Floating” is therefore to use for a frequency domain that it is then necessary to specify.
3.1.9
immunity
ability of a device, equipment (3.1.6), or system to perform without degradation in the presence of an
electromagnetic disturbance
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ISO 14302:2022(E)
3.1.10
internal charging
phenomenon caused by penetration of high-energy electrons through spacecraft structures and/
or component walls so that these particles are incident on ungrounded metallic or dielectric internal
surfaces
3.1.11
line impedance stabilization network
LISN
network inserted in the supply mains lead of an apparatus to be tested which provides, in a given
frequency range, specified source or load impedance for the measurement of disturbance currents and
voltages and which may isolate the apparatus from the supply mains in that frequency range
3.1.12
power quality requirement
requirement developed for the space system that defines the conducted voltage and current noise (from
load regulation, spikes, sags, etc.) the power user can expect
3.1.13
procuring authority
agency or organization funding or administering a contract for the development of the space system
3.1.14
radio frequency interference
RFI
degradation of the reception of a wanted signal caused by a radio frequency disturbance
3.1.15
safety margin
ratio of circuit threshold of susceptibility (3.1.18) to induced circuit noise under worse-case expected
environmental conditions (intrasystem and intersystem)
3.1.16
subsystem
set of interdependent elements constituted to achieve a given objective by performing a specified
function, but that does not, on its own, satisfy the customer's requirement
Note 1 to entry: Generally, a piece of equipment is housed within a single enclosure, while a subsystem may
consist of several interconnected units.
Note 2 to entry: ISO 10795 3.231, modified — Note 1 to entry added.
3.1.17
susceptibility
correct operation of electrical equipment (3.1.6), referred to as the victim, in the presence of unplanned
electromagnetic disturbances
Note 1 to entry: A victim is a component/subsystem that is susceptible to interference.
3.1.18
suppression
act of eliminating electromagnetic noise through the process of filtering, shielding, or other methods
that reduce the impact of noise on a system
3.2 Abbreviated terms
ACS attitude control system
BCI bulk current injection
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ISO 14302:2022(E)
CDR critical design review
CE conducted emissions
CISPR International Special Committee on Radio Interference
COTS commercial off-the-shelf
CS conducted susceptibility
DSO digital storage oscilloscope
EED electro-explosive device
EGSE electrical ground support equipment
EMCAB electromagnetic compatibility advisory board
EME electromagnetic environment
EMEVP electromagnetic effects verification plan
EMEVR electromagnetic effects verification report
EMISM electromagnetic interference safety margin
ESD electrostatic discharge
EUT equipment under test
FMEA failure mode effects analysis
GEO geosynchronous Earth orbit
HF high frequency
ICD interface control document
LEO low Earth orbit
Mil-Std military standard
NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration
PDR preliminary design review
RDR requirements definition review
RE radiated emissions
RF radio frequency
RFP request for proposal
r.m.s. root-mean-square
RS radiated susceptibility
r.s.s. root-sum-square
SAE Society of Automotive Engineers
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ISO 14302:2022(E)
SMPS switched mode power supply
TTL transistor-to-transistor logic
UHF ultrahigh frequency
VHF very high frequency
VLF very low frequency
4 Requirements
4.1 General system requirements
4.1.1 General
The space system shall be electromagnetically compatible among all equipment/subsystems within the
space system and with the self-induced and defined external electromagnetic environment during all
phases of its mission.
4.1.2 System-level EMC programme
4.1.2.1 General
The procuring authority and prime contractor shall establish an overall EMC programme based
on requirements of this document, the statement of work, space system specification, and other
applicable contractual documents. The purpose of the EMC programme is to ensure space-system-
level compatibility with minimum impact to programme, cost, schedule, and operational capabilities.
An EMC programme shall include EMC control documentation and an EMC advisory board (EMCAB).
The EMC staff responsible for these functions should be appropriate to the size and complexity of
the programme. Typical programme milestones and their corresponding EMC data/deliverables are
provided in Annex A (see Table A.1). Commercial space programmes having historically successful EMC
control and management programmes in place may submit documentation to the procuring authority
for an alternate means of equipment-level conformance, providing that the system-level interface
requirements of this document are met.
When viewed from the perspective of a specific program or project context, the requirements defined
in this document may be tailored to match the actual requirements of the particular program or
project. Tailoring of requirements shall be undertaken in consultation with the procuring agency where
applicable.
NOTE Tailoring is a process by which individual requirements or specifications, st
...