IEC 60060-3:2006

INTERNATIONAL IEC


STANDARD 60060-3



First edition
2006-02

High-voltage test techniques –
Part 3:
Definitions and requirements
for on-site testing


Reference number
IEC 60060-3:2006(E)

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INTERNATIONAL IEC


STANDARD 60060-3





First edition
2006-02


High-voltage test techniques –
Part 3:
Definitions and requirements
for on-site testing

 IEC 2006  Copyright - all rights reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
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For price, see current catalogue

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– 2 – 60060-3  IEC:2006(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.4
INTRODUCTION.6
1 Scope.7
2 Normative references .7
3 Terms and definitions .7
4 Common tests and checks on a measuring system .12
4.1 Acceptance test.12
4.2 Performance test.12
4.3 Performance check.12
4.4 Record of performance.13
5 Tests with direct voltage.13
5.1 General .13
5.2 Definitions for direct voltage tests.13
5.3 Test voltage .14
5.4 Measurement of the test voltage.14
5.5 Tests and checks on measuring systems.15
5.6 Withstand voltage test procedure .15
6 Tests with alternating voltage .15
6.1 General .15
6.2 Definitions for alternating voltage tests.15
6.3 Test voltage .16
6.4 Measurement of the test voltage.17
6.5 Tests and checks on measuring systems.18
6.6 Withstand voltage test procedure .18
7 Tests with lightning impulse voltage .18
7.1 General .18
7.2 Definitions for lightning impulse voltage tests .18
7.3 Test voltage .21
7.4 Measurement of the test voltage and determination of the impulse voltage
shape .22
7.5 Tests and checks on measuring systems.22
7.6 Withstand voltage test procedures.23
8 Tests with switching impulse voltage .23
8.1 General .23
8.2 Definitions for switching impulse voltage tests.23
8.3 Test voltage .26
8.4 Measurement of the test voltage and determination of the impulse shape.26
8.5 Tests and checks on measuring systems.27
8.6 Withstand voltage test procedures.27
9 Tests with very low frequency voltages.28
9.1 General .28
9.2 Definitions for very low frequency voltage tests .28
9.3 Test voltage .29
9.4 Measurement of the test voltage.29
9.5 Tests and checks on measuring systems.30
9.6 Test procedure .30

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60060-3  IEC:2006(E) – 3 –
10 Tests with damped alternating voltages .30
10.1 General .30
10.2 Definitions for damped alternating voltage tests .30
10.3 Test voltage .31
10.4 Measurement of the test voltage.32
10.5 Tests and checks on measuring systems.32
10.6 Test procedure .33


Figure 1 – Aperiodic lightning impulse .19
Figure 2 – Oscillating lightning impulse.20
Figure 3 – Aperiodic switching impulse .24
Figure 4 – Oscillating switching impulse.25
Figure 5 – Damped alternating voltage (f = 1 kHz, D = 0,2) .31
r f

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INTERNATIONAL ELECTROECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________

HIGH-VOLTAGE TEST TECHNIQUES –

Part 3: Definitions and requirements for on-site testing


FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
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4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60060-3 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 42: High-
voltage testing techniques.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
42/203/FDIS 42/204/RVD

Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
Terms used throughout this standard which have been defined in Clause 3 are written in bold
type.

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60060-3  IEC:2006(E) – 5 –
IEC 60060 consists of the following parts, under the general title High-voltage test techniques:
Part 1: General definitions and test requirements
Part 2: Measuring systems
Part 3: Definitions and requirements for on-site testing
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in
the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed;
• withdrawn;
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.

A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.

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– 6 – 60060-3  IEC:2006(E)
INTRODUCTION
The requirements specified in IEC 60060-1 and IEC 60060-2 cannot always be achieved
during on-site tests, due to a variety of external factors not present in factory and laboratory
tests such as external electric and magnetic fields, weather conditions, etc.
On-site high-voltage tests are required:
– as withstand tests as part of a commissioning procedure on equipment to demonstrate that
transport from manufacturer to site, and the erection on-site complies with manufacturer’s
specification;
– as withstand tests after on-site repair, to demonstrate that the equipment has been
successfully repaired, and is in a suitable condition to return to service;
– for diagnostic purposes, e.g. PD measurement, to demonstrate if the insulation is still free
from dangerous defects, and as an indication of life expectation.

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60060-3  IEC:2006(E) – 7 –
HIGH-VOLTAGE TEST TECHNIQUES –

Part 3: Definitions and requirements for on-site testing



1 Scope
This part of IEC 60060 is applicable to the following on-site test voltages and in service
stresses, which are in relation to IEC 60060-1:
– direct voltage;
– alternating voltage;
– lightning impulse voltage of aperiodic or oscillating shape;
– switching impulse voltage of aperiodic or oscillating shape.
For special tests the following voltages are used:
– very low frequency voltage;
– damped alternating voltage.
This standard is applicable to equipment with a highest voltage U greater than 1 kV. The
m
selection of on-site test voltages, test procedures and test voltage levels for apparatus,
equipment or installations is under the responsibility of the relevant technical committee.
For special applications, on-site test voltages different from those described in this standard
may be specified by the relevant technical committee.
NOTE 1 The different voltage waveforms listed above do not necessarily provide equal stress on the test object.
NOTE 2 The selection of the test voltage levels should take the larger tolerances and measuring uncertainties
into account.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60060-1:1989, High-voltage test techniques – Part 1: General definitions and test
requirements
IEC 60060-2:1994, High-voltage test techniques – Part 2: Measuring systems
IEC 60071-1:1993, Insulation co-ordination – Part 1: Definitions, principles and rules
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. For all other
definitions relating to testing procedures, see IEC 60060-1, and for those relating to
measuring systems, see IEC 60060-2. Definitions of parameters are given in the relevant
clauses of this standard.
3.1
on-site test
test at the place of use of the apparatus, equipment or installation that is to be tested, and
with the test object as far as possible in its service condition

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3.2
impulse voltage
intentionally applied aperiodic or oscillating transient voltage, which usually rises rapidly to a
peak value and then its enveloping curve falls more slowly to zero
(IEC 60060-1:1989, Term 3, modified)
3.3
lightning and switching impulse voltages
a distinction is made between lightning and switching impulse voltages on the basis of
duration of the front. Impulses with front duration up to 20 µs are defined as lightning
impulse voltages and those with longer fronts are defined as switching impulse voltages
Generally, switching impulse voltages are also characterized by total durations
considerably longer than those of lightning impulse voltages.
(IEC 60060-1:1989, Term 3.1)
3.4
characteristics of the test voltage
those characteristics specified in this standard for designating the different types of voltage
excursion that define the test voltage
(IEC 60060-1:1989, Term 4.2)
3.5
prospective characteristics of a test voltage
the characteristics which would have been obtained if no disruptive discharge had occurred.
When a prospective characteristic is used, this shall always be stated
(IEC 60060-1:1989, Term 4.2.1)
3.6
actual characteristics of a test voltage
characteristics that occur during the test at the terminals of the test object
(IEC 60060-1:1989, Term 4.2.2)
3.7
value of the test voltage
as defined in the relevant clauses of the present standard
(IEC 60060-1:1989, Term 4.2.3)
3.8
classification of insulation in test objects
insulation systems of apparatus and high-voltage structures must basically be classified into
self-restoring and non-self-restoring insulation and may consist of external and/or
internal insulation
(IEC 60060-1:1989, Term 5)
3.8.1
external insulation
distances in atmospheric air, and the surfaces in contact with atmospheric air of solid
insulation of the equipment which are subject to dielectric stresses and to the effects of
atmospheric and other external conditions such as pollution, humidity, vermin, etc.
(IEC 60071-1:1993, Term 3.2)

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60060-3  IEC:2006(E) – 9 –
3.8.2
internal insulation
internal solid, liquid or gaseous insulation, which are protected from the effects of atmospheric
and other external conditions
(IEC 60071-1:1993, Term 3.3)
3.8.3
self-restoring insulation
insulation that completely recovers its insulating properties after a certain time interval
following a disruptive discharge caused by the application of a test voltage
(IEC 60071-1:1993, Term 3.4, modified)
3.8.4
non-self-restoring insulation
insulation that loses its insulating properties, or does not recover them completely, after a
disruptive discharge caused by the application of a test voltage
(IEC 60071-1:1993, term 3.5, modified)
NOTE In high-voltage apparatus, parts of both self-restoring and non-self-restoring insulation often operate in
combination and some parts may be degraded by repeated or continued voltage applications. The behaviour of the
insulation in this respect should be taken into account by the relevant technical committee when specifying the test
procedures to be applied.
3.9
measuring systems and their components
3.9.1
measuring system
complete set of devices suitable for performing a high-voltage measurement
(IEC 60060-2:1994, Term 3.1.1, modified)
NOTE 1 A measuring system is usually comprised of the following components: a converting device with the
leads required for connecting this device to the test object and the connections to earth, a transmission system
connecting the output terminals of the device to the indicating or recording instruments with its attenuating,
terminating and adapting impedance or networks, and indicating or recording instruments together with any
connections to the HV source.
These components can be arranged in one compact unit together with the HV source. This usually applies to
portable test equipment for medium-voltage apparatus.
NOTE 2 Measuring systems which are based on non-conventional principles are acceptable if they meet the
accuracy requirements specified in this standard.
NOTE 3 The environment in which a measuring system functions, its clearances to live and earthed structures
and the presence of electric or magnetic fields may significantly affect its accuracy.
3.9.2
record of performance of a measuring system
detailed record, established by the user, describing the system and containing evidence that
the requirements given in this standard have been met. This evidence shall include the results
of the initial acceptance test and the schedule and results of each subsequent performance
test and performance check
(IEC 60060-2:1994, Term 3.1.2)
3.9.3
approved measuring system
a measuring system that is shown to comply with the requirements of this standard by:
– an initial performance test;
– successive performance checks and performance tests;
– inclusion of the results of these tests in the record of performance.

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The system is approved only for the arrangements and operating conditions included in its
record of performance
(IEC 60060-2:1994, Term 3.1.3, modified)
3.9.4
reference measuring system
measuring system having sufficient accuracy and stability for use in the approval
(calibration) of other systems by making simultaneous comparative measurements with
specific types of waveform and ranges of voltage or current
(IEC 60060-2:1994, Term 3.1.4)
NOTE A reference measuring system (maintained in accordance with the requirements of IEC 60060-2:1994) can
be used as an approved measuring system but the converse is not true.
3.9.5
converting device
device for converting the high voltage to be measured into another quantity, compatible with
the indicating or recording instrument. Usually voltage dividers or high-voltage measuring
impedances are used
(IEC 60060-2:1994, Term 3.2, modified)
NOTE Other examples of converting devices are voltage transformers, optical sensors and electric-field probes.
3.9.6
transmission system
set of devices that transfers the output signal of a converting device to an indicating and/or
recording instrument
NOTE 1 A transmission system generally consists of a coaxial cable with its terminating impedances, but it may
include attenuators or other devices connected between the converting device and the instrument. For example, an
optical link includes the transmitter, the optical cable and the receiver as well as related amplifiers.
NOTE 2 A transmission system may be partially or completely included in the converting device.
(IEC 60060-2:1994, Term 3.3)
3.9.7
indicating or recording instrument
device intended to display or provide a record of the value of a measurand or a derived
quantity
(IEC 60060-2:1994, Term 3.4)
3.9.8
scale factor of a measuring system
factor by which the value of the instrument reading is to be multiplied to obtain the value of
the input quantity. The assigned scale factor is that determined at the most recent
performance test
NOTE 1 For many measuring systems the value of the input quantity is displayed directly (i.e., the scale factor of
the measuring system is unity).
NOTE 2 A measuring system may have more than one scale factor, for example, it may have different scale
factors for different frequency ranges or impulse shapes.
(IEC 60060-2:1994, Term 3.5, modified)
3.9.9
dynamic behaviour of a measuring system
behaviour of the measuring system in case of a transient change of the input quantity
described by the step response or the amplitude/frequency response

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60060-3  IEC:2006(E) – 11 –
3.9.10
uncertainty of a measurement
parameter, associated with the result of a measurement that characterizes the dispersion of
the values that could reasonably be attributed to the measurand
3.9.11
tolerance
permitted difference between the measured value and the specified value – to be
distinguished from measuring errors, which are the differences between the measured values
and the true values
NOTE 1 The measured test voltage is required to lie within the stated tolerance of the specified test level. Test
levels are specified by the relevant technical committee. The true value is not exactly known; it is estimated to lie
within the range of the measurement uncertainty with the stated coverage probability. The true, but unknown,
value may thus lie outside the tolerance range, especially in the case when the measured value is close to the
limits of the tolerance range and its uncertainty is partially outside.
NOTE 2 The measured value is the displayed value multiplied by the scale factor. The true value is unknown and
would be the mean value of an infinitely large number of identical measurements.
3.9.12
rated measuring voltage
maximum level of voltage of specified frequency or waveform for which a measuring system
can be used, and for which it is within the uncertainty limits given in this standard
(IEC 60060-2:1994, term 3.9.1, modified)
3.9.13
operating voltage or current range
range of voltage or current of specified frequency or waveform in which a measuring system
can be used, and for which it is within the uncertainty limits given in this standard
(IEC 60060-2:1994, Term 3.9.2, modified)
NOTE The limits of the operating range are chosen by the user and verified by the performance tests specified in
IEC 60060-2.
3.9.14
operating time (for direct or alternating voltages)
time during which the measuring system can operate at its rated measuring voltage and for
which it is within the uncertainty limits given in this standard
(IEC 60060-2:1994, Term 3.9.3, modified)
3.9.15
maximum rate of application
of impulse voltages with a specified waveform, at which the measuring system can operate
within the uncertainty limits given in this standard for a specified time at its rated measuring
voltage or rated measuring current
(IEC 60060-2:1994, Term 3.9.4, modified)
3.9.16
acceptance test
a test on a device or measuring system before it is accepted for use. The acceptance test
includes type tests (performed on a device of the same design) and routine tests (performed
on every device) to assess its specific characteristics, for example, measurement of
temperature coefficient of an element, withstand test, etc. In addition, the acceptance test on
a measuring system includes the first performance test
(IEC 60060-2:1994, Term 3.10.1)

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3.9.17
performance test
test on a complete measuring system to characterize it for operating conditions on-site
3.9.18
performance check
procedure to ensure that the most recent performance test is still valid. The performance
check is carried out on-site
(IEC 60060-2:1994, Term 3.10.3, modified)
3.9.19
reference record (for impulse voltage measurement only)
record taken under specified conditions in a performance test and retained for comparison
with records to be taken in future tests or checks under similar conditions
(IEC 60060-2:1994, Term 3.10.4)
4 Common tests and checks on a measuring system
4.1 Acceptance test
Acceptance tests on components of a measuring system shall be performed in accordance
with the specification of IEC 60060-2.
4.2 Performance test
The performance test for the on-site measuring system shall be made in accordance with
IEC 60060-2. The test can be carried out under any conditions as long as evidence is given
that the measuring system can perform correctly under conditions found on-site.
The test shall be made when a performance check shows that the assigned scale factor has
change
...