CISPR 16:1977/AMD2:1983
(Amendment)Amendment 2 - CISPR specification for radio interference measuring apparatus and measurement methods
Amendment 2 - CISPR specification for radio interference measuring apparatus and measurement methods
Amendement 2 - Spécification du CISPR pour les appareils et les méthodes de mesure des perturbations radioélectriques
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CISPR 17:2011 specifies methods to measure the radio interference suppression characteristics of passive EMC filtering devices used in power and signal lines, and in other circuits. The defined methods may also be applied to combinations of over-voltage protection devices and EMC filtering devices. The measurement method covers the frequency range from 9 kHz to several GHz depending on the device and test circuit. The standard describes procedures for laboratory tests (type tests) as well as factory tests. The suppression characteristics of EMC filters and components used for the suppression of EM disturbances, are a function of numerous variables such as impedance of the circuits to which they connect, operating voltage and current, and ambient temperature. This standard specifies uniform test methods that will enable comparison of filtering and suppression characteristics determined by test laboratories or specified by manufacturers. Measurement procedures are provided for unbiased and bias conditions. Measurements under bias conditions are performed to determine potential non-linear behaviour of the EMC filtering devices such as saturation effects in inductors with magnetic cores. This testing serves to show the usability in a specific application (such as frequency converters that produce high amplitudes of common mode pulse current and thus may drive inductors into saturation). Measurement under bias conditions may be omitted if the non-linear behaviour can be determined by other methods (e.g. separate saturation measurement of the inductors used). The first edition of CISPR 17 (1981) prescribed the measurement methods of insertion loss mainly for power-line filters. Today, however, many types of sophisticated EMC filters and suppression components can be found in various electronic devices. Those filters need to be characterized using standardized measurement methods. New methods for measurement of impedance and S-parameters for such EMI devices are included in this second edition.
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The second part of CISPR 16 specifies the methods of measurement of EMC phenomena in the frequency range 9kHz to 18 GHz. It deals with disturbance measurements and immunity measurements.
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Defines a new subclause on field-strength measurements in the frequency range 1 GHz to 18 GHz.
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Specifies the characteristics and performance of equipment for the measurement of radio disturbance voltages, currents and fields in the frequency range 9 Hz to 18 GHz. In addition, requirements are specified for specialized equipment for discontinuous disturbance measurements. The requirements include the measurement of broadband and narrowband types of radio disturbance. Replaces the second edition of CISPR 16 published in 1987.
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Prescribes methods of measurement of insertion loss of passive radio frequency suppression filters, which may consist of single elements, such as capacitors, inductors or resistors, or combinations of inductors, capacitors and resistors of either the lumped or distributed types. The methods include those for use in a laboratory or on a production line, utilizing fixed impedance terminations or "worst case" terminations, those to be used in situ or in model installations, and provides for voltage and current loading.
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IEC 61000-2-9: 2025 defines the high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) environment that is one of the consequences of a high-altitude nuclear explosion. There are two cases of nuclear detonations:
- high-altitude nuclear explosions;
- low-altitude nuclear explosions.
For civil systems, the most important case is the high-altitude nuclear explosion. In this case, the other effects of the nuclear explosion such as blast, ground shock, thermal and nuclear ionizing radiation are not present at the ground level. However, the electromagnetic pulse associated with the explosion can cause disruption of, and damage to, communications, electronic systems, electric power systems and other portions of the commercial critical infrastructures, thereby upsetting the stability of modern society. The object of this document is to establish a common reference for the HEMP environment in order to select realistic stresses to apply to victim equipment for evaluating their performance and in order to develop protection methods to minimize the impacts of the HEMP. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1996. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) updating the document to provide new information on the variation of the early-time HEMP on the earth's surface and to provide new information on the late-time HEMP;
b) adding a new informative Annex A which provides details concerning the development of the early- and late-time standard waveforms in the main body, an explanation of the advantages and disadvantages for the use of the double exponential waveform, and an explanation of the far field region for the early-time HEMP.
IEC 61000-2-9: 2025 has the status of a basic EMC publication in accordance with IEC Guide 107.
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