IEC 62391-1:2022

IEC 62391-1 ®
Edition 3.0 2022-10
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Fixed electric double-layer capacitors for use in electric and electronic
equipment –
Part 1: Generic specification
Condensateurs électriques fixes à double couche utilisés dans les équipements
électriques et électroniques –
Partie 1: Spécification générique

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IEC 62391-1 ®
Edition 3.0 2022-10
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Fixed electric double-layer capacitors for use in electric and electronic

equipment –
Part 1: Generic specification
Condensateurs électriques fixes à double couche utilisés dans les équipements

électriques et électroniques –

Partie 1: Spécification générique

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 31.060.10 ISBN 978-2-8322-5729-6

– 2 – IEC 62391-1:2022 © IEC 2022
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 7
1 Scope . 9
2 Normative references . 9
3 Terms and definitions . 10
4 General requirements . 15
4.1 Unit and symbols . 15
4.2 Preferred values and class . 15
4.2.1 General . 15
4.2.2 Preferred values of nominal capacitance . 15
4.2.3 Class . 15
4.3 Marking . 15
4.3.1 General . 15
4.3.2 Coding . 15
5 General provisions for tests and measurement procedures . 16
5.1 General . 16
5.2 Test and measurement requirements . 16
5.2.1 Test conditions . 16
5.2.2 Measurement conditions . 16
5.2.3 Voltage treatment . 16
5.2.4 Thermal treatment . 16
5.3 Drying . 16
5.4 Storage . 17
5.4.1 Storage at high temperature . 17
5.4.2 Storage at low temperature . 17
6 Electrical tests and measurements . 17
6.1 Measurement method 1 for capacitance and internal resistance (constant
current discharge) . 17
6.1.1 Basic circuit for measuring . 17
6.1.2 Measuring equipment . 18
6.1.3 Measurement procedure . 19
6.1.4 Calculation methods for capacitance . 21
6.1.5 Calculation methods for internal resistance. 22
6.1.6 Conditions to be prescribed in the detail specification . 23
6.2 Measurement method 2 for capacitance and internal resistance . 23
6.2.1 Constant resistance charging method for capacitance measurement . 23
6.2.2 AC internal resistance measurement method . 24
6.3 Leakage current . 24
6.3.1 Measurement method . 24
6.3.2 Items to be specified in the detail specification . 26
6.4 Maintain voltage. 26
6.4.1 Measurement method . 26
6.4.2 Calculation of voltage maintenance rate . 27
6.4.3 Conditions to be prescribed in the detail specification . 27
7 Mechanical tests and measurements . 27
7.1 Visual examination and check of dimensions . 27
7.1.1 Visual examination . 27

7.1.2 Dimensions (gauging) . 27
7.1.3 Dimensions (detail) . 28
7.2 Robustness of terminations . 28
7.2.1 Test Ua1 – Tensile . 28
7.2.2 Test Ub – Bending (half of the sample) . 28
7.2.3 Test Uc – Torsion (remaining sample) . 28
7.2.4 Test Ud – Torque (for terminations with threaded studs or screws and
for integral mounting devices) . 28
7.2.5 Visual examination . 29
7.3 Vibration . 29
7.3.1 Initial measurement . 29
7.3.2 Test . 29
7.3.3 Final measurement and requirements . 29
8 Environmental and climatic tests . 29
8.1 Rapid change of temperature . 29
8.1.1 Initial measurement . 29
8.1.2 Test . 29
8.1.3 Final inspection, measurements and requirements. 29
8.2 Damp heat, steady state . 30
8.2.1 Initial measurement . 30
8.2.2 Test . 30
8.2.3 Final measurement . 30
8.3 Endurance . 30
8.3.1 Initial measurements . 30
8.3.2 Test . 30
8.3.3 Final measurement, inspection and requirements . 30
8.4 Characteristics at high and low temperature . 31
8.4.1 General . 31
8.4.2 Test procedure . 31
8.4.3 Dry heat . 31
8.4.4 Cold. 31
8.4.5 Final measurement and requirements . 31
9 Tests related to component assembly . 31
9.1 Resistance to soldering heat . 31
9.1.1 Preconditioning and initial measurement . 31
9.1.2 Test . 31
9.1.3 Recovery . 32
9.1.4 Final inspection, measurements and requirements. 32
9.2 Solderability . 32
9.2.1 General . 32
9.2.2 Preconditioning . 32
9.2.3 Capacitors with leads . 32
9.2.4 Surface mount capacitors . 33
9.3 Component solvent resistance . 33
9.3.1 Initial measurements . 33
9.3.2 Test . 33
9.3.3 Requirements . 33
9.4 Solvent resistance of marking . 34
9.4.1 Test . 34

– 4 – IEC 62391-1:2022 © IEC 2022
9.4.2 Requirements . 34
10 Tests related to safety . 34
10.1 Passive flammability . 34
10.1.1 Test procedure . 34
10.1.2 Requirements . 34
10.2 Pressure relief (if applicable) . 35
10.2.1 Test . 35
10.2.2 Requirements . 35
11 Quality assessment procedures . 35
Annex A (normative) Classification according to capacitance and internal resistance . 36
A.1 General . 36
A.2 Classification by capacitance and internal resistance . 36
Annex B (informative) Measurement method of capacitance and low resistance by low
frequency AC method (reference) . 38
B.1 General . 38
B.2 Measurement system . 38
B.3 Calculation of capacitance . 38
B.4 Measurement conditions . 39
Annex C (informative) Thermal equilibrium time of capacitors . 40
C.1 General . 40
C.2 Thermal equilibrium time of capacitors . 40
Annex D (informative) Charging/discharging efficiency and measurement current . 42
D.1 General . 42
D.2 Charging efficiency, discharging efficiency, and current . 42
D.2.1 Calculation assuming full charge and discharge . 42
D.2.2 Calculation assuming incomplete charging and discharging due to
internal resistance . 43
Annex E (informative) Procedures for setting the measurement current of capacitor
with uncertain nominal internal resistance . 46
E.1 General . 46
E.2 Current setting procedures for measurement of capacitor . 46
E.3 Example of a current setting for determining capacitor characteristics . 46
Annex F (informative) Policy on uncertainty of measurement and inset limits . 47
F.1 Objective . 47
F.2 Calculation of measurement uncertainty . 47
F.3 Policy . 47
F.4 Calculation of inset and outset limits . 47
F.5 Examples . 48
F.5.1 General . 48
F.5.2 Example 1: Resistor measurement . 48
F.5.3 Example 2: Resistor measurement . 48
F.5.4 Example 3: Transistor measurement (gain) . 48
F.5.5 Example 4: Comparison between initial and final measurement results . 48
Annex Q (normative) Quality assessment procedures . 49
Q.1 General . 49
Q.1.1 Overview . 49
Q.1.2 Applicability of qualification approval . 49
Q.1.3 Applicability of capability approval . 49

Q.1.4 Applicability of technology approval . 50
Q.2 Primary stage of manufacture . 50
Q.3 Subcontracting . 50
Q.4 Structurally similar components . 50
Q.5 Qualification approval procedures . 50
Q.5.1 Eligibility for qualification approval . 50
Q.5.2 Application for qualification approval . 51
Q.5.3 Test procedure for qualification approval . 51
Q.5.4 Granting of qualification approval . 51
Q.5.5 Maintenance of qualification approval . 51
Q.5.6 Quality conformance inspection . 51
Q.6 Capability approval procedures . 51
Q.6.1 General . 51
Q.6.2 Eligibility for capability approval . 52
Q.6.3 Application for capability approval . 52
Q.6.4 Description of capability . 52
Q.6.5 Demonstration and verification of capability . 53
Q.6.6 Programme for capability approval . 53
Q.6.7 Capability approval test report . 54
Q.6.8 Abstract of description of capability . 54
Q.6.9 Modifications likely to affect the capability approval . 54
Q.6.10 Initial capability approval . 54
Q.6.11 Granting of capability approval . 55
Q.6.12 Maintenance of capability approval . 55
Q.6.13 Extension of capability approval . 56
Q.6.14 Quality conformance inspection . 56
Q.7 Rework and repair. 56
Q.7.1 Rework . 56
Q.7.2 Repair . 57
Q.8 Release for delivery . 57
Q.8.1 General . 57
Q.8.2 Release for delivery under qualification approval before the completion
of group B tests . 57
Q.9 Certified test records of released lots . 57
Q.10 Delayed delivery . 57
Q.11 Alternative test methods . 57
Q.12 Manufacture outside the geographical limits of IECQ CBs . 57
Q.13 Unchecked parameters . 57
Q.14 Technology approval procedures . 58
Q.14.1 General . 58
Q.14.2 Eligibility for technology approval . 58
Q.14.3 Application of technology approval . 58
Q.14.4 Description of technology . 58
Q.14.5 Demonstration and verification of the technology . 58
Q.14.6 Granting of technology approval . 58
Q.14.7 Maintenance of technology approval . 58
Q.14.8 Quality conformance inspection . 58
Q.14.9 Failure rate level determination. 59
Q.14.10 Outgoing quality level . 59

– 6 – IEC 62391-1:2022 © IEC 2022
Annex X (informative) Cross-references to IEC 62391-1:2015 . 60
Bibliography . 61

Figure 1 − Basic circuit for measuring . 18
Figure 2 – Voltage–time characteristics between capacitor terminals in capacitance
and internal resistance measurement . 19
Figure 3 − Circuit for constant resistance charging method . 23
Figure 4 − Circuit for AC resistance method . 24
Figure 5 – Circuit for measuring leakage currents . 25
Figure 6 − Diagram of current and voltage changes at the time of measuring the
leakage current . 26
Figure 7 − Maintain voltage test diagram . 27
Figure A.1 – Conceptual rendering orientated by characteristics in each classification . 37
Figure B.1 – Capacitance measurement system by the low frequency AC method . 38
Figure C.1 – Thermal equilibrium times of capacitors (from 85 °C to 25 °C) . 40
Figure C.2 – Thermal equilibrium times of capacitors (from −40 °C to 25 °C) . 41
Figure C.3 – Capacitor core temperature change with respect to time . 41
Figure Q.1 – General scheme for capability approval . 52

Table 1 – Measurement conditions for measurement method 1A . 20
Table 2 – Measurement conditions for measurement method 1B . 21
Table 3 – Tensile force . 28
Table 4 – Torque . 29
Table 5 – Severities and requirements . 35
Table A.1 – Electrical performance and measurement method by class . 37
Table E.1 – Example of setting current for measurement of capacitor . 46
Table X.1 – Cross-references to the previous edition . 60

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
FIXED ELECTRIC DOUBLE-LAYER CAPACITORS
FOR USE IN ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT –

Part 1: Generic specification
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
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3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
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6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 62391-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 40: Capacitors and resistors for
electronic equipment. It is an International Standard.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2015. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) The document has been completely restructured to comply with the ISO/IEC Directives,
Part 2; a new technical categorization of test methods has been introduced and the test
methods have been reorganized according to these new categories; tables, figures and
references have been revised accordingly.
b) Calculation formula of charging/discharging efficiency in Annex D were divided into two
cases: "Calculation assuming full charge and discharge" and "Calculation assuming
incomplete charging and discharging due to internal resistance".

– 8 – IEC 62391-1:2022 © IEC 2022
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
40/2966/FDIS 40/2976/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
A list of all parts in the IEC 62391 series, published under the general title Fixed electric
double-layer capacitors for use in electric and electronic equipment, can be found on the IEC
website.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/standardsdev/publications.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The "colour inside" logo on the cover page of this document indicates that it
contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its
contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.

FIXED ELECTRIC DOUBLE-LAYER CAPACITORS
FOR USE IN ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT –

Part 1: Generic specification
1 Scope
This part of IEC 62391 applies to fixed electric double-layer capacitors (hereafter referred to as
capacitors) mainly used in DC circuits of electric and electronic equipment.
This part of IEC 62391 establishes standard terms, inspection procedures and methods of test
for use in sectional and detail specifications of electronic components for quality assessment
or any other purpose.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60062, Marking codes for resistors and capacitors
IEC 60063, Preferred number series for resistors and capacitors
IEC 60068-1:2013, Environmental testing – Part 1: General and guidance
IEC 60068-2-1:2007, Environmental testing – Part 2-1: Tests – Tests A: Cold
IEC 60068-2-2:2007, Environmental testing – Part 2-2: Tests – Tests B: Dry Heat
IEC 60068-2-6, Environmental testing – Part 2-6: Tests – Test Fc: Vibration (sinusoidal)
IEC 60068-2-14, Environmental testing – Part 2-14: Tests – Test N: Change of temperature
IEC 60068-2-20, Environmental testing – Part 2-20: Tests – Test Ta and Tb: Test methods for
solderability and resistance to soldering heat of devices of with leads
IEC 60068-2-21, Environmental testing – Part 2-21: Tests – Test U: Robustness of terminations
and integral mounting devices
IEC 60068-2-45:1980, Environmental testing – Part 2-45: Tests – Test XA and guidance:
Immersion in cleaning solvents
IEC 60068-2-45:1980/AMD1:1993)
IEC 60068-2-58, Environmental testing – Part 2-58: Tests – Test Td: Test methods for
solderability, resistance to dissolution of metallization and to soldering heat of surface mounting
devices (SMD)
IEC 60068-2-69, Environmental testing – Part 2-69: Tests – Test Te/ Tc: Solderability testing
of electronic components and printed boards by the wetting balance (force measurement)
method
– 10 – IEC 62391-1:2022 © IEC 2022
IEC 60068-2-78, Environmental testing – Part 2-78: Tests – Test Cab: Damp heat, steady state
IEC 60294, Measurement of the dimensions of a cylindrical component with axial terminations
IEC 60695-11-5, Fire hazard testing – Part 11-5: Test flames – Needle-flame test method –
Apparatus, confirmatory test arrangement and guidance
IEC 60717, Method for the determination of the space required by capacitors and resistors with
unidirectional terminations
IEC 61193-2, Quality assessment systems – Part 2: Selection and use of sampling plans for
inspection of electronic components and packages
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document and the subordinate specifications, the following terms and
definitions apply:
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
active flammability
flammability (self-ignition) caused by internal heating of the component
Note 1 to entry: Active flammability can be caused by sparking due to insufficient internal contact for example.
3.2
category of passive flammability
category given by the maximum burning time after a specified time of flame application
3.3
category temperature range
range of ambient temperatures for which the capacitor has been designed to operate
continuously
Note 1 to entry: This is given by the lower category temperature and the upper category temperature.
3.4
category voltage
U
C
maximum voltage which may be applied continuously to a capacitor at its upper category
temperature
Note 1 to entry: This term is not used in the document and is given for information only.
3.5
class
classification of the capacitor by the capacitance value and the internal resistance value
depending upon the application
3.6
DC capacitor
capacitor designed essentially for application with direct voltage

Note 1 to entry: A DC capacitor can be unsuitable for use on AC supplies.
Note 2 to entry: This term is not used in the document and is given for information only.
3.7
family
group of components that predominantly displays a particular physical
attribute and/or fulfils a defined function
3.8
inset limits
tightened limits resulting from an allowance applied to the specified limits of a parameter to
take into account all influence quantities on the indication of a measuring instrument so as to
ensure that out of limit devices are not accepted due to measurement errors
3.9
insulated capacitor
capacitor in which all terminations of a section may be raised to a potential different (but not
less than the rated voltage) from that of any conducting surface with which the case is liable to
come into contact in normal use
Note 1 to entry: This term is not used in the document and is given for information only.
3.10
internal resistance
resistance component in an equivalent series circuit of capacitance and resistance of a
capacitor
Note 1 to entry: The internal resistance is given in ohms (Ω).
3.11
IR drop
voltage drop between the capacitor terminals that is generated at the start of discharge and
quantified by the product of the discharge current and the internal resistance of the capacitor
Note 1 to entry: This term is not used in the document and is given for information only.
3.12
leakage current
value of the current that flows through a capacitor after a charge for a fixed period of time
Note 1 to entry: Leakage current is given in amperes (A).
Note 2 to entry: Usually, it is the sum of the current for charging the capacitor, which decreases exponentially with
time, and the dark current (leakage current in the original sense) of the capacitor itself.
3.13
lower category temperature
minimum ambient temperature for which a capacitor has been designed to operate continuously
3.14
maintain voltage
self-discharge
voltage held while being left for a fixed period of time under no load after a charge for a fixed
period of time
3.15
mass
all fixed parts of the capacitor
Note 1 to entry: This term is not used in the document and is given for information only.

– 12 – IEC 62391-1:2022 © IEC 2022
3.16
maximum storage temperature
maximum ambient temperature which the capacitor withstands in the non-operating condition
without damage
Note 1 to entry: This term is not used in the document and is given for information only.
[SOURCE: IEC 60384-1:2021, 3.11, modified – Note 1 to entry has been added.]
3.17
maximum temperature of a capacitor
temperature at the hottest point of its external surface
Note 1 to entry: The terminations are
...