CISPR 16-1-4:2010

CISPR 16-1-4 ®
Edition 3.1 2012-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
COMITÉ INTERNATIONAL SPÉCIAL DES PERTURBATIONS RADIOÉLECTRIQUES

BASIC EMC PUBLICATION
PUBLICATION FONDAMENTALE EN CEM

Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods –
Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Antennas and test
sites for radiated disturbance measurements

Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils de mesure des perturbations
radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques –
Partie 1-4: Appareils de mesure des perturbations radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux
perturbations radioélectriques – Antennes et emplacements d’essai pour les mesures
des perturbations rayonnées
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CISPR 16-1-4 ®
Edition 3.1 2012-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE

COMITÉ INTERNATIONAL SPÉCIAL DES PERTURBATIONS RADIOÉLECTRIQUES

BASIC EMC PUBLICATION
PUBLICATION FONDAMENTALE EN CEM

Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods –

Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Antennas and test

sites for radiated disturbance measurements

Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils de mesure des perturbations

radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques –

Partie 1-4: Appareils de mesure des perturbations radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux

perturbations radioélectriques – Antennes et emplacements d’essai pour les mesures

des perturbations rayonnées
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
CODE PRIX CU
ICS 33.100.10; 33.100.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-0213-5

– 2 – CISPR 16-1-4  IEC:2010+A1:2012

CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 7

INTRODUCTION (to Amendment 1) . 9

1 Scope . 10

2 Normative references. 10

3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations . 11

3.1 Terms and definitions . 11
3.2 Abbreviations . 14
4 Antennas for measurement of radiated radio disturbance . 15
4.1 General . 15
4.2 Physical parameter for radiated emission measurements . 15
4.3 Frequency range 9 kHz to 150 kHz . 16
4.3.1 General . 16
4.3.2 Magnetic antenna . 16
4.3.3 Shielding of loop antenna . 16
4.4 Frequency range 150 kHz to 30 MHz . 16
4.4.1 Electric antenna . 16
4.4.2 Magnetic antenna . 17
4.4.3 Balance/cross-polar performance of antennas . 17
4.5 Frequency range 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz . 17
4.5.1 General . 17
4.5.2 Low-uncertainty antenna for use if there is an alleged non-compliance
to the E-field limit . 17
4.5.3 Antenna characteristics . 17
4.5.4 Balance of antenna . 20
4.5.5 Cross-polar response of antenna . 21
4.6 Frequency range 1 GHz to 18 GHz . 21
4.7 Special antenna arrangements – Loop antenna system . 22
5 Test sites for measurement of radio disturbance field strength for the frequency
range of 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz . 22
5.1 General . 22
5.2 OATS . 23

5.2.1 General . 23
5.2.2 Weather protection enclosure . 23
5.2.3 Obstruction-free area . 23
5.2.4 Ambient radio frequency environment of a test site . 26
5.2.5 Ground plane . 26
5.2.6 OATS validation procedure . 26
5.3 Test site Suitability for of other ground-plane test sites . 30
5.3.1 General Other ground-plane test sites . 30
5.3.2 Normalized site attenuation for alternative test sites Test sites without
ground plane (FAR) . 31
5.3.3 Site attenuation . 34
5.3.4 Conducting ground plane . 34

CISPR 16-1-4  IEC:2010+A1:2012 – 3 –

5.4 Test site suitability without ground plane validation . 36

5.4.1 Measurement considerations for free space test sites, as realized by

fully-absorber-lined shielded enclosures General . 36

5.4.2 Site performance Overview of test site validations . 37

5.4.3 Site validation criteria Principles and values of the NSA method

for OATS and SAC . 46

5.4.4 Reference site method for OATS and SAC . 54

5.4.5 Validation of an OATS by the NSA method . 59

5.4.6 Validation of a weather-protection-enclosed OATS or a SAC . 62

5.4.7 Site validation for FARs . 65

5.5 Evaluation of set-up table and antenna tower . 54
5.5.1 General . 74
5.5.2 Evaluation procedure for set-up table influences . 74
6 Reverberating chamber for total radiated power measurement . 76
6.1 General . 76
6.2 Chamber . 76
6.2.1 Chamber size and shape. 76
6.2.2 Door, openings in walls, and mounting brackets . 76
6.2.3 Stirrers . 77
6.2.4 Test for the efficiency of the stirrers . 77
6.2.5 Coupling attenuation . 78
7 TEM cells for immunity to radiated disturbance measurement . 79
8 Test sites for measurement of radio disturbance field strength for the frequency
range 1 GHz to 18 GHz . 79
8.1 General . 79
8.2 Reference test site . 79
8.3 Validation of the test site. 79
8.3.1 General . 79
8.3.2 Acceptance criterion for site validation . 80
8.3.3 Site validation procedures – Evaluation of S . 81
VSWR
8.4 Alternative test sites . 93
9 Common mode absorption devices. 93
9.1 General . 93
9.2 CMAD S-parameter measurements . 93

9.3 CMAD test jig . 93
9.4 Measurement method using the TRL calibration . 95
9.5 Specification of ferrite clamp-type CMAD . 97
9.6 CMAD performance (degradation) check using spectrum analyzer
and tracking generator . 97

Annex A (normative) Parameters of antennas . 100
Annex B (normative) Monopole (1 m rod) antenna performance equations
and characterization of the associated antenna matching network . 107
Annex C (normative) Loop antenna system for magnetic field induced-current
measurements in the frequency range of 9 kHz to 30 MHz . 112
Annex D (normative) Construction details for open area test sites in the frequency
range of 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz (see Clause 5) . 121
Annex E (normative) Validation procedure of the open area test site for the frequency
range of 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz (see Clause 5) (Void) . 125

– 4 – CISPR 16-1-4  IEC:2010+A1:2012

Annex F (informative) Basis for 4 dB site acceptability criterion (see Clause 5) . 133

Annex G (informative) Examples of uncertainty budgets for site validation of a COMTS

using RSM with a calibrated antenna pair . 135

Bibliography . 138

Figure 1 – Schematic of radiation from EUT reaching an LPDA antenna directly and via
ϕ, at the reflected ray. 18
ground reflections on a 3 m site, showing the half beamwidth,

Figure 2 – Obstruction-free area of a test site with a turntable (see 5.2.3) . 24

Figure 3 – Obstruction-free area with stationary EUT (see 5.2.3) . 25
Figure 4 – Configuration of equipment for measuring site attenuation in horizontal
polarization (see 5.2.6 and Annex E) . 28
Figure 5 – Configuration of equipment for measuring site attenuation in vertical
polarization using tuned dipoles (see 5.2.6 and Annex E) . 29
Figure 6 – Typical antenna positions for alternative test site – Vertical polarization NSA
measurements . 32
Figure 7 – Typical antenna positions for alternative test site – Horizontal polarization
NSA measurements . 33
Figure 8 – Typical antenna positions for alternative test site – Vertical polarization NSA
measurements for a smaller EUT . 33
Figure 9 – Typical antenna positions for alternative test site – Horizontal polarization
NSA measurements for a smaller EUT . 34
Figure 10 – Graph of theoretical free-space NSA as a function of the frequency for
different measurement distances (see Equation (10)) . 39
Figure 11 – Measurement positions for the site validation procedure . 41
Figure 12 – Example of one measurement position and antenna tilt for the site validation
procedure . 42
Figure 13 – Typical free-space reference site attenuation measurement set-up . 45
Figure 14 – Position of the antenna relative to the edge above a rectangle set-up table
(top view) . 76
Figure 15 – Antenna position above the set-up table (side view) . 76
Figure 16 – Example of a typical paddle stirrer . 77
Figure 17 – Range of coupling attenuation as a function of frequency for a chamber
using the stirrer shown in Figure 16 . 78
Figure 18 – Transmit antenna E-plane radiation pattern example

(this example is for informative purposes only) . 82
Figure 19 – Transmit antenna H-plane radiation pattern
(this example is for informative purposes only) . 83
Figure 20 – S measurement positions in a horizontal plane
VSWR
(see 8.3.3.2.2 for description) . 84
Figure 21 – S positions (height requirements) . 86
VSWR
Figure 22 – Conditional test position requirements . 92
Figure 23 – Definition of the reference planes inside the test jig . 94
Figure 24 – The four configurations for the TRL calibration . 96
Figure 25 – Limits for the magnitude of S , measured according to provisions of 9.1 to 9.3 . 97
Figure 26 – Example of a 50 Ω adaptor construction in the vertical flange of the jig . 98
Figure 27 – Example of a matching adaptor with balun or transformer . 99
Figure 28 – Example of a matching adaptor with resistive matching network . 99

CISPR 16-1-4  IEC:2010+A1:2012 – 5 –

Figure 29 – Configuration of equipment for measuring site attenuation in horizontal

polarization . 50

Figure 30 – Configuration of equipment for measuring site attenuation in vertical

polarization using tuned dipoles . 51

Figure 31 – Test point locations for 3 m test distance . 56

Figure 32 – Paired test point locations for all test distances . 58

Figure 33 – Example of paired test point selection for a test distance of 10 m . 58

Figure 34 – Illustration of an investigation of influence of antenna mast on A . 59

APR
Figure 35 – Typical antenna positions for a weather-protected OATS or a SAC –

Vertical polarization validation measurements . 63
Figure 36 – Typical antenna positions for a weather-protected OATS or a SAC –
Horizontal polarization validation measurements . 64
Figure 37 – Typical antenna positions for a weather-protected OATS or a SAC –
Vertical polarization validation measurements for a smaller EUT . 64
Figure 38 – Typical antenna positions for a weather-protected OATS or a SAC –
Horizontal polarization validation measurements for a smaller EUT . 65
Figure 39 – Measurement positions for FAR site validation . 67
Figure 40 – Example of one measurement position and antenna tilt
for FAR site validation . 68
Figure 41 – Typical quasi free-space reference SA measurement set-up. 71
Figure 42 – Theoretical free-space NSA as a function of frequency for different
measurement distances . 73
Figure A.1 – Short dipole antenna factors for R = 50 Ω . 103
L
Figure B.1 – Method using network analyzer . 109
Figure B.2 – Method using measuring receiver and signal generator . 110
Figure B.3 – Example of capacitor mounting in dummy antenna . 110
Figure C.1 – The loop-antenna system, consisting of three mutually perpendicular
large-loop antennas . 113
Figure C.2 – A large-loop antenna containing two opposite slits, positioned
symmetrically with respect to the current probe C . 114
Figure C.3 – Construction of the antenna slit . 115
Figure C.4 – Example of antenna-slit construction using a strap of printed circuit board
to obtain a rigid construction . 115
Figure C.5 – Construction for the metal box containing the current probe . 116

Figure C.6 – Example showing the routing of several cables from an EUT to ensure that
there is no capacitive coupling from the leads to the loop. 116
Figure C.7 – The eight positions of the balun-dipole during validation
of the large-loop antenna . 117
Figure C.8 – Validation factor for a large loop-antenna of 2 m diameter . 117
Figure C.9 – Construction of the balun-dipole . 118
Figure C.10 – Conversion factors C [for conversion into dB(µA/m)] and C
dA dV
(for conversion into dB(µV/m)) for two standardized measuring distances d . 119
Figure C.11 – Sensitivity S of a large-loop antenna with diameter D relative
D
to a large-loop antenna having a diameter of 2 m . 119
Figure D.1 – The Rayleigh criterion for roughness in the ground plane . 122

– 6 – CISPR 16-1-4  IEC:2010+A1:2012

Table 1 – Normalized site attenuation (recommended geometries for tuned half-wave

dipoles with horizontal polarization) . 35

Table 2 – Normalized site attenuation* (recommended geometries for broadband

antennas) . 36

Table 3 – Maximum dimensions of test volume versus test distance . 39

Table 4 – Frequency ranges and step sizes . 42

Table 5 – S test position designations . 87
VSWR
Table 6 – S reporting requirements . 92

VSWR
Table 7 – Site validation methods applicable for OATS, OATS-based, SAC

and FAR site types . 37
Table 8 – Theoretical normalized site attenuation, A – Recommended geometries
N
for tuned half-wave dipoles, with horizontal polarization . 47
Table 9 – Theoretical normalized site attenuation, A – Recommended geometries
N
for tuned half-wave dipoles, vertical polarization . 48
Table 10 – Theoretical normalized site attenuation, A – Recommended geometries
N
for broadband antennas . 49
Table 11 – Mutual impedance correction factors for NSA test using resonant tunable
dipoles spaced 3 m apart . 52
Table 12 – Example template for A data sets . 54
APR
Table 13 – RSM frequency steps . 55
Table 14 – Maximum dimensions of test volume versus test distance . 65
Table 15 – Frequency ranges and step sizes for FAR site validation . 68
Table D.1 – Maximum roughness for 3 m, 10 m and 30 m measurement distances . 122
a
Table E.1 – Normalized site attenuation – Recommended geometries for broadband
antennas . 129
Table E.2 – Normalized site attenuation – Recommended geometries for tuned half-
wave dipoles, horizontal polarization . 130
Table E.3 – Normalized site attenuation – Recommended geometries for tuned half-
wave dipoles – vertical polarization . 131
Table E.4 – Mutual coupling correction factors for geometry using resonant tunable
dipoles spaced 3 m apart . 132
Table F.1 – Error budget . 133
Table G.1 – Antenna pair reference site attenuation calibration
using the averaging technique . 135
Table G.2 – Antenna pair reference site attenuation calibration using REFTS . 136

Table G.3 – COMTS validation using an antenna pair reference site attenuation . 137

CISPR 16-1-4  IEC:2010+A1:2012 – 7 –

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION

INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
___________
SPECIFICATION FOR RADIO DISTURBANCE AND IMMUNITY

MEASURING APPARATUS AND METHODS –

Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus –

Antennas and test sites for radiated disturbance measurements

FOREWORD
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This consolidated version of CISPR 16-1-4 consists of the third edition (2010)
[documents CISPR/A/885/FDIS and CISPR/A/891/RVD], its amendment 1 (2012)
[documents CISPR/A/995/FDIS and CISPR/A/1005/RVD] and its corrigendum of December
2010. It bears the edition number 3.1.
The technical content is therefore identical to the base edition and its amendment and
has been prepared for user convenience. A vertical line in the margin shows where the
base publication has been modified by amendment 1. Additions and deletions are
displayed in red, with deletions being struck through.

– 8 – CISPR 16-1-4  IEC:2010+A1:2012

International Standard CISPR 16-1-4 has been prepared by CISPR subcommittee A: Radio-

interference measurements and statistical methods.

This edition includes the following significant technical change with respect to the previous

edition: provisions are added to address evaluation of a set-up table in the frequency range

above 1 GHz.
It has the status of a basic EMC publication in accordance with IEC Guide 107,

Electromagnetic compatibility – Guide to the drafting of electromagnetic compatibility

publications.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts of CISPR 16 series, under the general title Specification for radio disturbance
and immunity measuring apparatus and methods, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of the base publication and its amendments will
remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under
"http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the
publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
IMPORTANT –
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding
of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.

CISPR 16-1-4  IEC:2010+A1:2012 – 9 –

INTRODUCTION
(to Amendment 1)
This amendment introduces the Reference Site Method (RSM). In addition to introducing new

content, Clause 5 is significantly restructured. To aid the reader in navigating this amendment,
the following table provides a comparison of subclauses in the existing Edition 3.0 with those in
this amendment. This introduction will be removed before the subsequent edition is published.

Comparison of Clause 5 between original Edition 3.0 and Amendment 1

Original Edition 3.0 Amendment 1

5 Test sites for the measurement of radio 5 Test sites for the measurement of radio
disturbance field strength for the frequency disturbance field strength for the frequency
range of 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz range of 30 MHz to 1000 MHz
5.1 General 5.1 General
5.2 OATS 5.2 OATS
5.2.1 General 5.2.1 General
5.2.2 Weather protection enclosure 5.2.2 Weather protection enclosure
5.2.3 Obstruction-free area 5.2.3 Obstruction-free area
5.2.4 Ambient radio frequency environment of a test 5.2.4 Ambient radio frequency environment of a
site test site
5.2.5 Ground plane 5.2.5 Ground plane
5.2.6 OATS validation procedure
5.3 Test site suitability for other ground-plane test 5.3 Suitability of other test sites
sites
5.3.1 General 5.3.1 Other ground-plane test sites
5.3.2 Normalized site attenuation for alternative test 5.3.2 Test sites without ground plane (FAR)
sites
5.3.3 Site attenuation
5.3.4 Conducting ground plane
5.4 Test site suitability without ground plane 5.4 Test site validation
5.4.1 Measurement considerations for free space 5.4.1 General
test sites, as realized by fully-absorber-lined
shielded enclosures
5.4.2 Site performance 5.4.2 Overview of test site validations
5.4.3 Site validation criteria 5.4.3 Principles and values of the NSA method for
OATS and SAC
5.4.4 Reference site method for OATS and SAC

5.4.5 Validation of an OATS by the NSA method
5.4.6 Validation of a weather-protection-enclosed
OATS or a SAC
5.4.7 Site validation for FARs
5.5 Evaluation of set-up table and antenna tower 5.5 Evaluation of set-up table and antenna tower
5.5.1 General 5.5.1 General
5.5.2 Evaluation procedure for set-up table 5.5.2 Evaluation procedure for set-up table
influences influences
– 10 – CISPR 16-1-4  IEC:2010+A1:2012

SPECIFICATION FOR RADIO DISTURBANCE AND IMMUNITY

MEASURING APPARATUS AND METHODS –

Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus –

Antennas and test sites for radiated disturbance measurements

1 Scope
This part of CISPR 16 specifies the characteristics and performance of equipment for the
measurement of radiated disturbances in the frequency range 9 kHz to 18 GHz. Specifications
for antennas and test sites are included.
NOTE In accordance with IEC Guide 107, CISPR 16-1-4 is a basic EMC publication for use by product committees
of the IEC. As stated in Guide 107, product committees are responsible for determining the applicability of the EMC
standard. CISPR and its sub-committees are prepared to co-operate with product committees in the evaluation of
the value of particular EMC tests for specific products.
The requirements of this publication apply at all frequencies and for all levels of radiated
disturbances within the CISPR indicating range of the measuring equipment.
Methods of measurement are covered in Part 2-3, and further information on radio disturbance
is given in Part 3 of CISPR 16. Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling are covered in
Part 4 of CISPR 16.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For
dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of
the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
CISPR 16-1-1, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Measuring
apparatus
CISPR 16-1-5:2003, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 1-5: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Antenna
calibration test sites for 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz

CISPR 16-2-3, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 2-3: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity – Radiated
disturbance measurements
CISPR/TR 16-3:2003, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
and methods – Part 3: CISPR technical reports
Amendment 1(2005)
Amendment 2(2006)
CISPR 16-4-2, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 4-2: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling – Uncertainty in EMC
measurements
IEC 60050-161, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Chapter 161:
Electromagnetic compatibility
CISPR 16-1-4  IEC:2010+A1:2012 – 11 –

IEC 61000-4-20, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-20: Testing and measurement

techniques – Emission and immunity testing in transverse electromagnetic (TEM) waveguides

3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations

For the purposes of this document, the following terms, definitions and abbreviations apply, as

well as those of CISPR 16-1-1, CISPR 16-1-5, and IEC 60050-161.

3.1 Terms and definitions
3.1.1
antenna
that part of a transmitting or receiving system that is designed to radiate or to receive
electromagnetic waves in a specified way
NOTE 1 In the context of this standard, the balun is a part of the antenna.
NOTE 2 This term covers various devices such as the wire antenna, free-space-resonant dipole, hybrid antenna
and horn antenna.
3.1.2
balun
passive electrical network for the transformation from a balanced to an unbalanced trans-
mission line or device or vice versa
3.1.3
calibration test site
CALTS
open area test site with metallic ground plane and tightly specified site attenuation performance
in horizontal and vertical E-field (electric field) polarization
NOTE 1 A CALTS is used for determining the free-space antenna factor of an antenna.
NOTE 2 Site attenuation measurements of a CALTS are used for comparison to corresponding site attenuation
measurements of a compliance test site, in order to evaluate the performance of the compliance test site.
3.1.4
common mode absorption device
CMAD
device that may be applied on cables leaving the test volume in radiated emission
measurements to reduce the compliance uncertainty
3.1.5
compliance test site
COMTS
environment that assures valid, repeatable measurement results of the disturbance field
strength from equipment under test for comparison to a compliance limit
3.1.6
cross-polar response
measure of the rejection by the antenna of the cross-polarized field, when the antenna is
rotated in a linearly polarized electromagnetic field that is uniform in phase and amplitude over
the aperture of the antenna under test
3.1.7
fully-anechoic room
FAR
shielded enclosure, the internal surfaces of which are lined with radio-frequency-energy
absorbing material (i.e. RF absorber) that absorbs electromagnetic energy in the frequency
range of interest
– 12 – CISPR 16-1-4  IEC:2010+A1:2012

3.1.8
free-space-resonant dipole
wire antenna consisting of two straight colinear conductors of equal length, placed end to end,

separated by a small gap, with each conductor approximately a quarter-wavelength long such

that at the specified frequency, the input impedance of the wire antenna measured across the

gap is pure real when the dipole is located in the free space

NOTE 1 In the context of this standard, this wire antenna connected t
...

CISPR 16-1-4 ®
Edition 3.2 2017-01
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
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INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
COMITÉ INTERNATIONAL SPÉCIAL DES PERTURBTIONS RADIOÉLECTRIQUES

BASIC EMC PUBLICATION
PUBLICATION FONDAMENTALE EN CEM

Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods –
Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Antennas and
test sites for radiated disturbance measurements

Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils de mesure des perturbations
radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques –
Partie 1-4: Appareils de mesure des perturbations radioélectriques et de
l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques – Antennes et emplacements
d'essai pour les mesures des perturbations rayonnées

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CISPR 16-1-4 ®
Edition 3.2 2017-01
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE

COMITÉ INTERNATIONAL SPÉCIAL DES PERTURBATIONS

RADIOÉLECTRIQUES
BASIC EMC PUBLICATION
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and

methods –
Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Antennas and

test sites for radiated disturbance measurements

Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils de mesure des perturbations

radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques –

Partie 1-4: Appareils de mesure des perturbations radioélectriques et de

l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques – Antennes et emplacements

d'essai pour les mesures des perturbations rayonnées

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 33.100.10; 33.100.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-3861-5

CISPR 16-1-4 ®
Edition 3.2 2017-01
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
REDLINE VERSION
VERSION REDLINE
colour
inside
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
COMITÉ INTERNATIONAL SPÉCIAL DES PERTURBATIONS RADIOÉLECTRIQUES

BASIC EMC PUBLICATION
PUBLICATION FONDAMENTALE EN CEM
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods –
Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Antennas and
test sites for radiated disturbance measurements

Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils de mesure des perturbations
radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques –
Partie 1-4: Appareils de mesure des perturbations radioélectriques et de
l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques – Antennes et emplacements
d'essai pour les mesures des perturbations rayonnées

– 2 – CISPR 16-1-4:2010+AMD1:2012
+AMD2:2017 CSV  IEC 2017
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 7
INTRODUCTION (to Amendment 1) . 9
1 Scope . 10
2 Normative references. 10
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations . 11
3.1 Terms and definitions . 11
3.2 Abbreviations . 15
4 Antennas for measurement of radiated radio disturbance . 16
4.1 General . 16
4.2 Physical parameter for radiated emission measurements . 16
4.3 Frequency range 9 kHz to 150 kHz . 16
4.3.1 General . 16
4.3.2 Magnetic antenna . 16
4.3.3 Shielding of loop antenna . 17
4.4 Frequency range 150 kHz to 30 MHz . 17
4.4.1 Electric antenna . 17
4.4.2 Magnetic antenna . 17
4.4.3 Balance/cross-polar performance of antennas . 17
4.5 Frequency range 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz . 17
4.5.1 General . 17
4.5.2 Low-uncertainty antenna for use if there is an alleged non-compliance
to the E-field limit . 18
4.5.3 Antenna characteristics . 18
4.5.4 Balance of antenna . 20
4.5.5 Cross-polar response of antenna . 21
4.6 Frequency range 1 GHz to 18 GHz . 22
4.6.1 General . 22
4.6.2 Receive antenna . 23
4.7 Special antenna arrangements – Loop antenna system . 25
5 Test sites for measurement of radio disturbance field strength for the frequency
range of 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz . 25
5.1 General . 25
5.2 OATS . 26
5.2.1 General . 26
5.2.2 Weather protection enclosure . 26
5.2.3 Obstruction-free area . 26
5.2.4 Ambient radio frequency environment of a test site . 29
5.2.5 Ground plane . 29
5.2.6 OATS validation procedure .
5.3 Test site Suitability for of other ground-plane test sites . 34
5.3.1 General Other ground-plane test sites . 34
5.3.2 Normalized site attenuation for alternative test sites Test sites without
ground plane (FAR) . 35
5.3.3 Site attenuation .
5.3.4 Conducting ground plane .
5.4 Test site suitability without ground plane validation . 40

+AMD2:2017 CSV  IEC 2017
5.4.1 Measurement considerations for free space test sites, as realized by
fully-absorber-lined shielded enclosures General . 40
5.4.2 Site performance Overview of test site validations . 40
5.4.3 Site validation criteria Principles and values of the NSA method for
OATS and SAC . 49
5.4.4 Reference site method for OATS and SAC . 56
5.4.5 Validation of an OATS by the NSA method . 62
5.4.6 Validation of a weather-protection-enclosed OATS or a SAC . 65
5.4.7 Site validation for FARs . 68
5.5 Evaluation of set-up table and antenna tower . 76
5.5.1 General . 76
5.5.2 Evaluation procedure for set-up table influences . 76
6 Reverberating chamber for total radiated power measurement . 78
6.1 General . 78
6.2 Chamber . 78
6.2.1 Chamber size and shape. 78
6.2.2 Door, openings in walls, and mounting brackets . 78
6.2.3 Stirrers . 79
6.2.4 Test for the efficiency of the stirrers . 79
6.2.5 Coupling attenuation . 80
7 TEM cells for immunity to radiated disturbance measurement . 81
8 Test sites for measurement of radio disturbance field strength for the frequency
range 1 GHz to 18 GHz . 81
8.1 General . 81
8.2 Reference test site . 81
8.3 Validation of the test site. 81
8.3.1 General . 81
8.3.2 Acceptance criterion for site validation . 82
8.3.3 Site validation procedures – Evaluation of S . 83
VSWR
8.4 Alternative test sites . 96
9 Common mode absorption devices. 96
9.1 General . 96
9.2 CMAD S-parameter measurements . 96
9.3 CMAD test jig . 96
9.4 Measurement method using the TRL calibration . 98
9.5 Specification of ferrite clamp-type CMAD . 100
9.6 CMAD performance (degradation) check using spectrum analyzer and
tracking generator . 100
Annex A (normative) Parameters of antennas . 103
Annex B (normative) Monopole (1 m rod) antenna performance equations and
characterization of the associated antenna matching network . 110
Annex C (normative) Loop antenna system for magnetic field induced-current
measurements in the frequency range of 9 kHz to 30 MHz . 115
Annex D (normative) Construction details for open area test sites in the frequency
range of 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz (see Clause 5) . 124
Annex E (normative) Validation procedure of the open area test site for the frequency
range of 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz (see Clause 5) (Void) . 128
Annex F (informative) Basis for 4 dB site acceptability criterion (see Clause 5) . 136
Annex G (informative) Examples of uncertainty budgets for site validation of a COMTS
using RSM with a calibrated antenna pair . 138

– 4 – CISPR 16-1-4:2010+AMD1:2012
+AMD2:2017 CSV  IEC 2017
Bibliography . 141

Figure 1 – Schematic of radiation from EUT reaching an LPDA antenna directly and via
ground reflections on a 3 m site, showing the half beamwidth, ϕ, at the reflected ray. 19
Figure 2 – Obstruction-free area of a test site with a turntable (see 5.2.3) . 26
Figure 3 – Obstruction-free area with stationary EUT (see 5.2.3) . 27
Figure 4 – Configuration of equipment for measuring site attenuation in horizontal
polarization (see 5.2.6 and Annex E) .
Figure 5 – Configuration of equipment for measuring site attenuation in vertical
polarization using tuned dipoles (see 5.2.6 and Annex E) .
Figure 6 – Typical antenna positions for alternative test site – Vertical polarization NSA
measurements .
Figure 7 – Typical antenna positions for alternative test site – Horizontal polarization
NSA measurements .
Figure 8 – Typical antenna positions for alternative test site – Vertical polarization NSA
measurements for a smaller EUT .
Figure 9 – Typical antenna positions for alternative test site – Horizontal polarization
NSA measurements for a smaller EUT .
Figure 10 – Graph of theoretical free-space NSA as a function of the frequency for
different measurement distances (see Equation (10)) .
Figure 11 – Measurement positions for the site validation procedure .
Figure 12 – Example of one measurement position and antenna tilt for the site validation
procedure .
Figure 13 – Typical free-space reference site attenuation measurement set-up .
Figure 14 – Position of the antenna relative to the edge above a rectangle set-up
table (top view) . 59
Figure 15 – Antenna position above the set-up table (side view) . 59
Figure 16 – Example of a typical paddle stirrer . 60
Figure 17 – Range of coupling attenuation as a function of frequency for a chamber
using the stirrer shown in Figure 16 . 61
Figure 18 – Transmit antenna E-plane radiation pattern example (this example is for
informative purposes only) . 65
Figure 19 – Transmit antenna H-plane radiation pattern (this example is for informative
purposes only) . 66
Figure 20 – S measurement positions in a horizontal plane (see 8.3.3.2.2 for
VSWR
description) . 67
Figure 21 – S positions (height requirements) . 69
VSWR
Figure 22 – Conditional test position requirements . 75
Figure 23 – Definition of the reference planes inside the test jig . 77
Figure 24 – The four configurations for the TRL calibration . 79
Figure 25 – Limits for the magnitude of S , measured according to provisions
of 9.1 to 9.3 . 80
Figure 26 – Example of a 50 Ω adaptor construction in the vertical flange of the jig . 81
Figure 27 – Example of a matching adaptor with balun or transformer . 82
Figure 28 – Example of a matching adaptor with resistive matching network . 82
Figure 29 – Configuration of equipment for measuring site attenuation in horizontal
polarization . 34

+AMD2:2017 CSV  IEC 2017
Figure 30 – Configuration of equipment for measuring site attenuation in vertical
polarization using tuned dipoles . 35
Figure 31 – Test point locations for 3 m test distance . 39
Figure 32 – Paired test point locations for all test distances . 41
Figure 33 – Example of paired test point selection for a test distance of 10 m . 42
Figure 34 – Illustration of an investigation of influence of antenna mast on A . 42
APR
Figure 35 – Typical antenna positions for a weather-protected OATS or a SAC –
Vertical polarization validation measurements . 47
Figure 36 – Typical antenna positions for a weather-protected OATS or a SAC –
Horizontal polarization validation measurements . 47
Figure 37 – Typical antenna positions for a weather-protected OATS or a SAC –
Vertical polarization validation measurements for a smaller EUT . 48
Figure 38 – Typical antenna positions for a weather-protected OATS or a SAC –
Horizontal polarization validation measurements for a smaller EUT . 48
Figure 39 – Measurement positions for FAR site validation . 50
Figure 40 – Example of one measurement position and antenna tilt for FAR site
validation . 51
Figure 41 – Typical quasi free-space reference SA measurement set-up. 54
Figure 42 – Theoretical free-space NSA as a function of frequency for different
measurement distances [see Equation (38)] . 56
Figure 43 – RX antenna E-plane radiation pattern example with limit for 3 m distance
and 2 m EUT width . 23
Figure 44 – Determination of maximum useable EUT width using half power beam-
width . 24
Figure 45 – Determination of maximum useable EUT height using half power
beam-width . 24
Figure A.1 – Short dipole antenna factors for R = 50 Ω . 86
L
Figure B.1 – Method using network analyzer . 92
Figure B.2 – Method using measuring receiver and signal generator . 93
Figure B.3 – Example of capacitor mounting in dummy antenna . 93
Figure C.1 – The loop-antenna system, consisting of three mutually perpendicular large-
loop antennas . 96
Figure C.2 – A large-loop antenna containing two opposite slits, positioned

symmetrically with respect to the current probe C . 97
Figure C.3 – Construction of the antenna slit . 98
Figure C.4 – Example of antenna-slit construction using a strap of printed circuit board
to obtain a rigid construction . 98
Figure C.5 – Construction for the metal box containing the current probe . 99
Figure C.6 – Example showing the routing of several cables from an EUT to ensure that
there is no capacitive coupling from the leads to the loop. 99
Figure C.7 – The eight positions of the balun-dipole during validation of the large-loop
antenna . 100
Figure C.8 – Validation factor for a large loop-antenna of 2 m diameter . 100
Figure C.9 – Construction of the balun-dipole . 101
Figure C.10 – Conversion factors C [for conversion into dB(µA/m)] and C (for
dA dV
conversion into dB(µV/m)) for two standardized measuring distances d . 102
Figure C.11 – Sensitivity S of a large-loop antenna with diameter D relative to a large-
D
loop antenna having a diameter of 2 m . 102

– 6 – CISPR 16-1-4:2010+AMD1:2012
+AMD2:2017 CSV  IEC 2017
Figure D.1 – The Rayleigh criterion for roughness in the ground plane . 105

Table 1 – Normalized site attenuation (recommended geometries for tuned half-wave
dipoles with horizontal polarization) .
Table 2 – Normalized site attenuation* (recommended geometries for broadband
antennas) .
Table 3 – Maximum dimensions of test volume versus test distance .
Table 4 – Frequency ranges and step sizes .
Table 5 – S test position designations . 70
VSWR
Table 6 – S reporting requirements . 75
VSWR
Table 7 – Site validation methods applicable for OATS, OATS-based, SAC and FAR
site types . 29
Table 8 – Theoretical normalized site attenuation, A – Recommended geometries for
N
tuned half-wave dipoles, with horizontal polarization . 31
Table 9 – Theoretical normalized site attenuation, A – Recommended geometries for
N
tuned half-wave dipoles, vertical polarization . 32
a
Table 10 – Theoretical normalized site attenuation , A – Recommended geometries
N
for broadband antennas . 33
Table 11 – Mutual impedance correction factors for NSA test using resonant tunable
dipoles spaced 3 m apart . 36
Table 12 – Example template for A data sets . 38
APR
Table 13 – RSM frequency steps . 38
Table 14 – Maximum dimensions of test volume versus test distance . 49
Table 15 – Frequency ranges and step sizes for FAR site validation . 51
Table D.1 – Maximum roughness for 3 m, 10 m and 30 m measurement distances . 105
a
Table E.1 – Normalized site attenuation – Recommended geometries for broadband
antennas .
Table E.2 – Normalized site attenuation – Recommended geometries for tuned half-
wave dipoles, horizontal polarization .
Table E.3 – Normalized site attenuation – Recommended geometries for tuned half-
wave dipoles – vertical polarization .
Table E.4 – Mutual coupling correction factors for geometry using resonant tunable
dipoles spaced 3 m apart .
Table F.1 – Error budget . 112
Table G.1 – Antenna pair reference site attenuation calibration using the averaging
technique . 114
Table G.2 – Antenna pair reference site attenuation calibration using REFTS . 115
Table G.3 – COMTS validation using an antenna pair reference site attenuation . 116

+AMD2:2017 CSV  IEC 2017
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
___________
SPECIFICATION FOR RADIO DISTURBANCE AND IMMUNITY
MEASURING APPARATUS AND METHODS –
Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus –
Antennas and test sites for radiated disturbance measurements
FOREWORD
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5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
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6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
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9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights
This consolidated version of the official IEC Standard and its amendments has been prepared
for user convenience.
CISPR 16-1-4 edition 3.2 contains the third edition (2010-04) [documents CISPR/A/885/FDIS and
CISPR/A/891/RVD] and its corrigendum (2010-12), its amendment 1 (2012-07) [documents
CISPR/A/995/FDIS and CISPR/A/1005/RVD] and its amendment 2 (2017-01) [documents CISPR/
A/1994/FDIS and CISPR/A/1203/RVD].
In this Redline version, a vertical line in the margin shows where the technical content is
modified by amendments 1 and 2. Additions are in green text, deletions are in strikethrough red
text. A separate Final version with all changes accepted is available in this publication.

– 8 – CISPR 16-1-4:2010+AMD1:2012
+AMD2:2017 CSV  IEC 2017
International Standard CISPR 16-1-4 has been prepared by CISPR subcommittee A: Radio-
interference measurements and statistical methods.
This edition includes the following significant technical change with respect to the previous
edition: provisions are added to address evaluation of a set-up table in the frequency range
above 1 GHz.
It has the status of a basic EMC publication in accordance with IEC Guide 107,
Electromagnetic compatibility – Guide to the drafting of electromagnetic compatibility
publications.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts of CISPR 16 series, under the general title Specification for radio disturbance
and immunity measuring apparatus and methods, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of the base publication and its amendments will
remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under
"http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the
publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding
of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.

+AMD2:2017 CSV  IEC 2017
INTRODUCTION
(to Amendment 1)
This amendment introduces the Reference Site Method (RSM). In addition to introducing new
content, Clause 5 is significantly restructured. To aid the reader in navigating this amendment,
the following table provides a comparison of subclauses in the existing Edition 3.0 with those in
this amendment. This introduction will be removed before the subsequent edition is published.
Comparison of Clause 5 between original Edition 3.0 and Amendment 1
Original Edition 3.0 Amendment 1
5 Test sites for the measurement of radio 5 Test sites for the measurement of radio
disturbance field strength for the frequency disturbance field strength for the frequency
range of 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz range of 30 MHz to 1000 MHz
5.1 General 5.1 General
5.2 OATS 5.2 OATS
5.2.1 General 5.2.1 General
5.2.2 Weather protection enclosure 5.2.2 Weather protection enclosure
5.2.3 Obstruction-free area 5.2.3 Obstruction-free area
5.2.4 Ambient radio frequency environment of a test 5.2.4 Ambient radio frequency environment of a
site test site
5.2.5 Ground plane 5.2.5 Ground plane
5.2.6 OATS validation procedure
5.3 Test site suitability for other ground-plane test 5.3 Suitability of other test sites
sites
5.3.1 General 5.3.1 Other ground-plane test sites
5.3.2 Normalized site attenuation for alternative test 5.3.2 Test sites without ground plane (FAR)
sites
5.3.3 Site attenuation
5.3.4 Conducting ground plane
5.4 Test site suitability without ground plane 5.4 Test site validation
5.4.1 Measurement considerations for free space 5.4.1 General
test sites, as realized by fully-absorber-lined
shielded enclosures
5.4.2 Site performance 5.4.2 Overview of test site validations
5.4.3 Site validation criteria 5.4.3 Principles and values of the NSA method for
OATS and SAC
5.4.4 Reference site method for OATS and SAC
5.4.5 Validation of an OATS by the NSA method
5.4.6 Validation of a weather-protection-enclosed
OATS or a SAC
5.4.7 Site validation for FARs
5.5 Evaluation of set-up table and antenna tower 5.5 Evaluation of set-up table and antenna tower
5.5.1 General 5.5.1 General
5.5.2 Evaluation procedure for set-up table 5.5.2 Evaluation procedure for set-up table
influences influences
– 10 – CISPR 16-1-4:2010+AMD1:2012
+AMD2:2017 CSV  IEC 2017
SPECIFICATION FOR RADIO DISTURBANCE AND IMMUNITY
MEASURING APPARATUS AND METHODS –

Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus –
Antennas and test sites for radiated disturbance measurements

1 Scope
This part of CISPR 16 specifies the characteristics and performance of equipment for the
measurement of radiated disturbances in the frequency range 9 kHz to 18 GHz. Specifications
for antennas and test sites are included.
NOTE In accordance with IEC Guide 107, CISPR 16-1-4 is a basic EMC publication for use by product committees
of the IEC. As stated in Guide 107, product committees are responsible for determining the applicability of the EMC
standard. CISPR and its sub-committees are prepared to co-operate with product committees in the evaluation of
the value of particular EMC tests for specific products.
The requirements of this publication apply at all frequencies and for all levels of radiated
disturbances within the CISPR indicating range of the measuring equipment.
Methods of measurement are covered in Part 2-3, and further information on radio disturbance
is given in Part 3 of CISPR 16. Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling are covered in
Part 4 of CISPR 16.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For
dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of
the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
CISPR 16-1-1, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Measuring
apparatus
CISPR 16-1-5:2003, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 1-5: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Antenna
calibration test sites for 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz
CISPR 16-1-6:2014, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 1-6: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – EMC antenna
calibration
CISPR 16-1-6:2014/AMD1:2016
CISPR 16-2-3:2010, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 2-3: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity – Radiated
disturbance measurements
CISPR/TR 16-3:2003, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
and methods – Part 3: CISPR technical reports
Amendment 1(2005)
Amendment 2(2006)
CISPR 16-4-2, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 4-2: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling – Uncertainty in EMC
measurements
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