IEC/IEEE 63195-1:2022

IEC/IEEE 63195-1 ®
Edition 1.0 2022-05
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Assessment of power density of human exposure to radio frequency fields from
wireless devices in close proximity to the head and body (frequency range of
6 GHz to 300 GHz) –
Part 1: Measurement procedure
Évaluation de la densité de puissance de l'exposition humaine aux champs
radiofréquences provenant de dispositifs sans fil à proximité immédiate de la
tête et du corps (plage de fréquences de 6 GHz à 300 GHz) –
Partie 1: Procédure de mesure
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IEC/IEEE 63195-1 ®
Edition 1.0 2022-05
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Assessment of power density of human exposure to radio frequency fields from

wireless devices in close proximity to the head and body (frequency range of

6 GHz to 300 GHz) –
Part 1: Measurement procedure
Évaluation de la densité de puissance de l'exposition humaine aux champs

radiofréquences provenant de dispositifs sans fil à proximité immédiate de la

tête et du corps (plage de fréquences de 6 GHz à 300 GHz) –

Partie 1: Procédure de mesure
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 17.220.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-0123-7

– 2 – IEC/IEEE 63195-1:2022 © IEC/IEEE 2022
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 9
INTRODUCTION . 11
1 Scope . 12
2 Normative references . 13
3 Terms and definitions . 13
3.1 Exposure metrics and parameters . 13
3.2 Spatial, physical, and geometrical parameters associated with exposure
metrics . 16
3.3 Measurement instrumentation, field probe, and data-processing parameters . 17
3.4 RF power parameters . 20
3.5 Test device technical operating and antenna parameters . 21
3.6 Test device physical configurations . 23
3.7 Uncertainty parameters . 24
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 25
4.1 Symbols . 25
4.1.1 Physical quantities . 25
4.1.2 Constants . 26
4.2 Abbreviated terms . 26
5 Quick start guide and application of this document . 27
5.1 Quick start guide . 27
5.2 Application of this document . 30
5.3 Stipulations . 30
6 Measurement system and laboratory requirements . 30
6.1 General requirements . 30
6.2 Laboratory requirements . 31
6.3 Field probe requirements . 32
6.4 Measurement instrumentation requirements . 32
6.5 Scanning system requirements . 33
6.5.1 Single-probe systems . 33
6.5.2 Multiple field-probe systems . 33
6.6 Device holder requirements . 34
6.7 Post-processing quantities, procedures, and requirements . 35
6.7.1 Formulas for calculation of sPD . 35
6.7.2 Post-processing procedure . 37
6.7.3 Requirements . 38
7 Protocol for PD assessment . 39
7.1 General . 39
7.2 Measurement preparation . 39
7.2.1 Relative system check . 39
7.2.2 DUT requirements . 39
7.2.3 DUT preparation . 40
7.2.4 Selecting evaluation surfaces . 41
7.3 Tests to be performed . 44
7.3.1 General . 44
7.3.2 Tests to be performed when supported by simulations of the antenna
array . 46
7.3.3 Tests to be performed by measurements of the antenna array . 48

7.4 Measurement procedure . 48
7.4.1 General measurement procedure . 48
7.4.2 Power density assessment methods . 49
7.4.3 Power scaling for operating mode and channel . 51
7.4.4 Correction for DUT drift . 53
7.5 Exposure combining. 54
7.5.1 General . 54
7.5.2 Combining power density and SAR results . 55
8 Uncertainty estimation . 58
8.1 General . 58
8.2 Requirements for uncertainty evaluations . 58
8.3 Description of uncertainty models . 58
8.4 Uncertainty terms dependent on the measurement system . 59
8.4.1 CAL – Calibration of the measurement equipment . 59
8.4.2 COR – Probe correction . 59
8.4.3 FRS – Frequency response . 59
8.4.4 SCC – Sensor cross coupling . 60
8.4.5 ISO – Isotropy . 61
8.4.6 LIN – System linearity error . 61
8.4.7 PSC – Probe scattering . 61
8.4.8 PPO – Probe positioning offset . 62
8.4.9 PPR – Probe positioning repeatability . 62
8.4.10 SMO – Sensor mechanical offset . 63
8.4.11 PSR – Probe spatial resolution . 63
8.4.12 FLD – Field impedance dependence (ratio |E|/|H|) . 63
8.4.13 MED – Measurement drift . 63
8.4.14 APN – Amplitude and phase noise . 64
8.4.15 TR – Measurement area truncation . 64
8.4.16 DAQ – Data acquisition . 64
8.4.17 SMP – Sampling . 64
8.4.18 REC – Field reconstruction . 64
8.4.19 SNR – Signal-to-noise ratio . 65
8.4.20 TRA – Forward transformation and backward transformation . 65
8.4.21 SCA – Power density scaling . 66
8.4.22 SAV – Spatial averaging . 66
8.4.23 COM – Exposure combining . 66
8.5 Uncertainty terms dependent on the DUT and environmental factors . 66
8.5.1 PC – Probe coupling with DUT . 66
8.5.2 MOD – Modulation response . 67
8.5.3 IT – Integration time . 67
8.5.4 RT – Response time . 68
8.5.5 DH – Device holder influence . 68
8.5.6 DA – DUT alignment . 68
8.5.7 AC – RF ambient conditions . 68
8.5.8 TEM – Laboratory temperature. 68
8.5.9 REF – Reflections in laboratory . 69
8.5.10 MSI – Measurement system immunity/secondary reception . 69
8.5.11 DRI – DUT drift . 69
8.6 Combined and expanded uncertainty . 69

– 4 – IEC/IEEE 63195-1:2022 © IEC/IEEE 2022
9 Measurement report . 73
9.1 General . 73
9.2 Items to be recorded in measurement reports . 73
Annex A (normative) Measurement system check and system validation tests . 76
A.1 Overview . 76
A.2 Normalization to total radiated power . 77
A.2.1 General . 77
A.2.2 Option 1: Accepted power measurement . 77
A.2.3 Option 2: Total radiated power measurement . 81
A.3 Relative system check . 82
A.3.1 Purpose . 82
A.3.2 Antenna and test conditions . 82
A.3.3 Procedure . 83
A.3.4 Acceptance criteria . 83
A.4 Absolute system check . 85
A.4.1 Purpose . 85
A.4.2 Antenna and test conditions . 85
A.4.3 Procedure . 85
A.4.4 Acceptance criteria . 85
A.5 System validation . 86
A.5.1 Purpose . 86
A.5.2 Procedure . 86
A.5.3 Validation of modulation response . 87
A.5.4 Acceptance criteria . 87
Annex B (normative) Antennas for system check and system validation tests . 89
B.1 General . 89
B.2 Pyramidal horn antennas for system checks . 90
B.3 Cavity-fed dipole arrays for system validation . 91
B.3.1 Description . 91
B.3.2 Numerical target values for cavity-fed dipole arrays . 94
B.3.3 Field and power density distribution patterns . 94
B.3.4 Far-field radiation patterns . 99
B.4 Pyramidal horns with slot arrays for system validation . 101
B.4.1 Description . 101
B.4.2 Numerical target values for pyramidal horns loaded with a slot array . 103
B.4.3 Field and power density distribution patterns . 104
B.4.4 Far-field radiation patterns . 109
B.5 Antenna validation procedure . 110
B.5.1 General . 110
B.5.2 Objectives, scope, and usage specifications . 111
B.5.3 Antenna design. 111
B.5.4 Numerical targets . 111
B.5.5 Reference antennas calibration . 111
B.5.6 Antenna verification and life expectation . 111
B.5.7 Uncertainty budget considerations . 111
B.6 Validation procedure for wideband signals . 112
B.6.1 General . 112
B.6.2 Validation signals . 112
B.6.3 Validation antennas and setup . 112

B.6.4 Target values for validation antennas transmitting wideband signals . 112
B.6.5 Wideband signal uncertainty . 112
B.6.6 Validation procedure . 113
Annex C (normative) Calibration and characterization of measurement probes . 114
C.1 General . 114
C.2 Calibration of waveguide probes . 114
C.2.1 General . 114
C.2.2 Sensitivity . 114
C.2.3 Linearity . 114
C.2.4 Lower detection limit . 115
C.2.5 Isotropy . 115
C.2.6 Response time . 115
C.3 Calibration for isotropic scalar E-field or H-field probes . 115
C.3.1 General . 115
C.3.2 Sensitivity . 115
C.3.3 Isotropy . 115
C.3.4 Linearity . 116
C.3.5 Lower detection limit . 116
C.3.6 Response time . 116
C.4 Calibration of phasor E-field or H-field probes . 116
C.4.1 General . 116
C.4.2 Sensitivity . 116
C.4.3 Isotropy . 117
C.4.4 Linearity . 117
C.4.5 Lower detection limit . 117
C.5 Calibration uncertainty parameters. 117
C.5.1 General . 117
C.5.2 Input power to the antenna . 117
C.5.3 Mismatch effect (input power measurement) . 117
C.5.4 Gain and offset distance . 118
C.5.5 Signal spectrum . 118
C.5.6 Setup stability . 118
C.5.7 Uncertainty for field impedance variations . 119
C.6 Uncertainty budget template . 119
Annex D (informative) Information on use of square or circular shapes for power
density averaging area in conformity evaluations . 121
D.1 General . 121
D.2 Method using computational analysis . 121
D.3 Areas averaged with square and circular shapes on planar evaluation
surface . 121
D.4 Areas averaged with square and circular shapes on nonplanar evaluation
surface . 123
Annex E (informative) Reconstruction algorithms . 125
E.1 General . 125
E.2 Methodologies to extract local field components and power densities . 125
E.2.1 General . 125
E.2.2 Phase-less approaches . 126
E.2.3 Approaches using E-field polarization ellipse measurements . 126
E.2.4 Direct near-field measurements . 126

– 6 – IEC/IEEE 63195-1:2022 © IEC/IEEE 2022
E.3 Forward transformation (propagation) of the fields . 127
E.3.1 General . 127
E.3.2 Field expansion methods . 128
E.3.3 Field integral equation methods . 128
E.4 Backward transformation (propagation) of the fields . 129
E.4.1 General . 129
E.4.2 Field expansion methods – the plane wave expansion . 129
E.4.3 Inverse source methods . 130
E.5 Analytical reference functions . 131
Annex F (normative) Interlaboratory comparisons . 133
F.1 Purpose . 133
F.2 Reference devices . 133
F.3 Power setup . 133
F.4 Interlaboratory comparison – procedure . 133
Annex G (informative) PD test and verification example . 134
G.1 Purpose . 134
G.2 DUT overview . 134
G.3 Test system verification . 134
G.4 Test setup . 134
G.5 Power density results . 134
G.6 Combined exposure (Total Exposure Ratio) . 134
Annex H (informative) Applicability of plane-wave equivalent approximations . 135
H.1 Objective . 135
H.2 Method . 135
H.3 Results . 135
H.4 Discussion . 137
Annex I (informative) Rationales for concepts and methods applied in this document
and IEC/IEEE 63195-2 . 138
I.1 Frequency range . 138
I.2 Calculation of sPD . 138
I.2.1 Application of the Poynting vector for calculation of incident power
density . 138
I.2.2 Averaging area . 139
Bibliography . 140

Figure 1 – Quick Start Guide . 29
Figure 2 – Simplified view of a generic measurement setup involving the use of
reconstruction algorithms . 38
Figure 3 – Cross-sectional view of SAM phantom for SAR evaluations at the reference
plane, as described in IEC/IEEE 62209-1528:2020 . 42
Figure 4 – Cross-sectional view of SAM virtual phantom for PD evaluations at the
reference plane (shell thickness is 2 mm everywhere, including at the pinna) . 42
Figure 5 – Example reference coordinate system for the left-ear ERP of the SAM
phantom . 44
Figure 6 – Example reference points and vertical and horizontal lines on a DUT . 44
Figure 7 – Flow chart for test procedure in 7.3 . 46
Figure 8 – Flow chart for general measurement procedure in 7.4.1 . 49
Figure 9 – Flow chart for power density assessment methods in 7.4.2 . 50

Figure 10 – SAR and power density evaluation at a point r . 57
Figure 11 – Combining SAR (top) and power density (bottom) for the SAM phantom . 57
Figure A.1 – Recommended accepted power measurement setup for relative system
check, absolute system check and system validation . 78
Figure A.2 – Equipment setup for measurement of forward power P and forward
f
coupled power P . 78
fc
Figure A.3 – Equipment setup for measuring the shorted reverse coupled power P . 78
rcs
Figure A.4 – Equipment setup for measuring the power with the reference antenna . 79
Figure A.5 – Port numbering for the S-parameter measurements of the directional
coupler . 80
Figure B.1 – Main dimensions for the cavity-fed dipole arrays – 30 GHz design . 92
Figure B.2 – 10 GHz patterns of |E | and Re{S} for the cavity-fed dipole arrays
total total
at distances of a) 2 mm, b) 5 mm, c) 10 mm, and d) 50 mm from the upper surface of

the dielectric substrate . 95
Figure B.3 – 30 GHz patterns of |E | and Re{S} for the cavity-fed dipole arrays
total total
at distances of a) 2 mm, b) 5 mm, c) 10 mm, and d) 50 mm from the upper surface of
the dielectric substrate . 96
Figure B.4 – 60 GHz patterns of |E | and Re{S} for the cavity-fed dipole arrays
total total
at distances of a) 2 mm, b) 5 mm, c) 10 mm, and d) 50 mm from the upper surface of
the dielectric substrate . 97
Figure B.5 – 90 GHz patterns of |E | and Re{S} for the cavity-fed dipole arrays
total total
at distances of a) 2 mm, b) 5 mm, c) 10 mm, and d) 50 mm from the upper surface of
the dielectric substrate . 98
Figure B.6 – Far-field radiation patterns of a) 10 GHz, b) 30 GHz, c) 60 GHz, and d) 90
GHz cavity-fed dipole arrays . 100
Figure B.7 – Main dimensions for the 0,15 mm stainless steel stencil with slot array . 101
Figure B.8 – Main dimensions for the pyramidal horn antennas. 102
Figure B.9 – 10 GHz patterns of |E | and Re{S} for the pyramidal horn loaded
total total
with a slot array at distances of a) 2 mm, b) 5 mm, c) 10 mm, and d) 50 mm from the
upper surface of the slot array . 105
Figure B.10 – 30 GHz patterns of |E | and Re{S} for the pyramidal horn loaded
total total
with a slot array at distances of a) 2 mm, b) 5 mm, c) 10 mm, and d) 50 mm from the
upper surface of the slot array . 106
Figure B.11 – 60 GHz patterns of |E | and Re{S} for the pyramidal horn loaded
total total
with a slot array at distances of a) 2 mm, b) 5 mm, c) 10 mm, and d) 50 mm from the
upper surface of the slot array . 107
Figure B.12 – 90 GHz patterns of |E | and Re{S} for the pyramidal horn loaded
total total
with a slot array at distances of a) 2 mm, b) 5 mm, c) 10 mm, and d) 50 mm from the
upper surface of the slot array . 108
Figure B.13 – Far-field radiation patterns of a) 10 GHz, b) 30 GHz, c) 60 GHz, and d)
90 GHz pyramidal horn loaded with a slot array . 110
Figure D.1 – Schematic view of the assessment of the variation of sPD using square
shape by rotating AUT (antenna under test) . 121
Figure D.2 – Comparison of psPD averaged using square versus circular shaped areas
on planar evaluation surfaces . 122
Figure D.3 – Example PD distributions with device next to ear evaluation surface . 123
Figure D.4 – Comparison of psPD averaged using cube cross-section (square-like)
versus sphere cross-section (circular-like) shaped areas for device next to ear
evaluation surface . 124

– 8 – IEC/IEEE 63195-1:2022 © IEC/IEEE 2022
Figure E.1 – Simulation (left) and forward transformation from measurements applying
methods described in [29] (right) of power density in the xz-plane (above) and yz-plane
(below) at a distance of 2 mm for a cavity-fed dipole array at 30 GHz (see Annex B) . 127
Figure H.1 – psPD / psPD as function of distance (in units of λ) from cavity-fed
pwe tot
dipole array (CDA##G, left-side) and pyramidal horn with slot arrays (SH##G, right-
side) operating at 10 GHz, 30 GHz, 60 GHz, and 90 GHz . 137

Table 1 – Evaluation plan check-list . 28
Table 2 – Minimum evaluation distance between the DUT antenna and the evaluation
surface for which the plane wave equivalent approximation applies . 50
Table 3 – Template of measurement uncertainty for power density measurements . 70
Table 4 – Example measurement uncertainty budget for power density measurement
results . 72
Table A.1 – Example of power measurement uncertainty . 81
Table A.2 – Communication signals for modulation response test . 87
Table B.1 – Target values for pyramidal horn antennas at different frequencies . 90
Table B.2 – Main dimensions for the cavity-fed dipole arrays at each frequency of
interest . 91
Table B.3 – Geometrical parameters of the cavity-fed dipole arrays at each frequency
of interest . 93
Table B.4 – Substrate and metallic block parameters for the cavity-fed dipole arrays at
each frequency of interest . 93
Table B.5 – Target values for the cavity-fed dipole arrays at 10 GHz, 30 GHz, 60 GHz,
and 90 GHz . 94
Table B.6 – Main dimensions for the stencil with slot array for each frequency . 102
Table B.7 – Primary dimensions for the corresponding pyramidal horns at each
frequency . 103
Table B.8 – Target values for the pyramidal horns loaded with slot arrays at 10 GHz,
30 GHz, 60 GHz, and 90 GHz . 104
Table C.1 – Uncertainty analysis of the probe calibration . 119
Table D.1 – Phase shift values for the array antenna . 123
Table E.1 – List of analytical reference functions and associated psPD target values . 131
n+
Table E.2 – List of analytical reference functions and associated psPD target
tot+
values . 132
Table E.3 – List of analytical reference functions and associated psPD target
mod+
values . 132

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ASSESSMENT OF POWER DENSITY OF HUMAN EXPOSURE TO RADIO
FREQUENCY FIELDS FROM WIRELESS DEVICES IN CLOSE PROXIMITY
TO THE HEAD AND BODY (FREQUENCY RANGE OF 6 GHz TO 300 GHz) –

Part 1: Measurement procedure
FOREWORD
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