IEC 61512-3:2008

IEC 61512-3
Edition 1.0 2008-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Batch control –
Part 3: General and site recipe models and representation

Contrôle-commande des processus de fabrication par lots –
Partie 3: Modèles et représentation des recettes générales et des recettes de site

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IEC 61512-3
Edition 1.0 2008-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Batch control –
Part 3: General and site recipe models and representation

Contrôle-commande des processus de fabrication par lots –
Partie 3: Modèles et représentation des recettes générales et des recettes de site

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
XB
CODE PRIX
ICS 25.040.40; 35.240.50 ISBN 2-8318-9872-2
– 2 – 61512-3 © IEC:2008
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.6
INTRODUCTION.8
1 Scope.9
2 Normative references .9
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations .9
3.1 Terms and definitions .9
3.2 Abbreviation .10
4 Recipe description.10
4.1 Recipe types .10
4.2 General and site recipe description .10
4.2.1 Manufacturing information .10
4.2.2 Multiple site definitions .10
4.2.3 Expansion and collapsing of the recipe type hierarchy.11
4.3 Equipment-independent recipes .11
4.3.1 Equipment-independent recipe subtypes .11
4.3.2 Activities of equipment-independent recipes .11
4.3.3 Input to trial or pilot production .12
4.3.4 Output from trial or pilot production .13
4.3.5 Control of equipment-independent recipes.13
4.3.6 Equipment-independent recipe definition .14
4.3.7 Equipment-independent recipe variants .14
4.3.8 Source of scheduling information.14
4.3.9 Equipment-independent recipes and business information.14
4.3.10 Equipment-independent recipes for capability comparison.15
4.3.11 Equipment-independent recipes as facility design specifications.15
4.4 General recipes.15
4.4.1 Enterprise-wide definition .15
4.4.2 Purpose of a general recipe.16
4.4.3 General recipe information .16
4.5 Site recipes .17
4.5.1 Site-specific recipes .17
4.5.2 Site recipe definition.17
4.5.3 Site recipe policies .18
4.6 Product families and product grades.18
4.6.1 Product definition .18
4.6.2 Product families.18
4.6.3 Product grades .18
5 Equipment-independent recipe contents .19
5.1 Recipe information .19
5.2 Recipe life cycle states.19
5.3 Recipe header.19
5.4 Recipe formula .19
5.5 Recipe procedure .19
5.5.1 Process model.19
5.5.2 Process hierarchy.20
5.5.3 Ideal procedure for manufacture .20

61512-3 © IEC:2008 – 3 –
5.5.4 Process stage.20
5.5.5 Process operation.21
5.5.6 Process action.21
5.5.7 Definition of equipment requirements.21
5.5.8 Process stage guidelines.21
5.5.9 Process operation guidelines.22
5.5.10 Process action guidelines .23
5.5.11 Process action types .24
5.6 Equipment requirements.27
5.6.1 Requirements of final manufacturing equipment .27
5.6.2 Equipment selection .27
5.6.3 Constraining target equipment.27
5.6.4 Managing equipment requirement definitions .27
5.7 Other information .27
5.8 Life cycle states .28
6 Equipment-independent recipe object model .28
6.1 General .28
6.2 Modelling techniques.28
6.3 Object model .28
6.4 Object relationships.29
6.5 Object model elements .30
6.5.1 Attributes.30
6.5.2 Equipment-independent recipe .30
6.5.3 Equipment requirement.30
6.5.4 Equipment requirement element .30
6.5.5 Equipment requirement library.31
6.5.6 General recipe.31
6.5.7 Material definition .31
6.5.8 Material definition library .31
6.5.9 Other information.31
6.5.10 Percent input .31
6.5.11 Percent output.31
6.5.12 Process procedure .31
6.5.13 Process action.31
6.5.14 Process element.32
6.5.15 Process element library .32
6.5.16 Process element link .32
6.5.17 Process element specification .32
6.5.18 Process input .32
6.5.19 Process operation.32
6.5.20 Process output .32
6.5.21 Process parameter .32
6.5.22 Process stage.32
6.5.23 Site recipe .32
7 Equipment-independent recipe representation.32
7.1 Process procedure chart .32
7.2 Process procedure chart notation .33
7.2.1 Symbols and links.33
7.2.2 Process procedure chart symbols .34

– 4 – 61512-3 © IEC:2008
7.2.3 Link types.37
7.2.4 Rules for valid PPCs.39
7.3 Process hierarchy .40
7.3.1 Process operation and process action depiction .40
7.3.2 Table representation.41
7.3.3 Graphical and table view equivalence.43
7.3.4 Non-procedural equipment-independent recipe information .44
7.3.5 Equipment-independent recipe formula.44
7.3.6 Material balance .44
7.3.7 Equipment requirements.44
7.3.8 Header and other information .44
8 Transformation of equipment-independent recipes to master recipes.45
8.1 Source of information for master recipes .45
8.2 Element mapping .45
8.3 Stage-to-unit procedure mapping .45
8.4 Transform components.46
8.4.1 Master recipe component .46
8.4.2 Transform components for material transfers.46
8.4.3 Unit startup and shutdown components .46
8.4.4 Alternate master recipe transform components .47
8.5 Transformation tasks.47
8.5.1 Equipment determination .47
8.5.2 Using non-procedural information in transformation .47
8.5.3 Creating the master recipe .48
8.6 Transformation mapping.48
8.6.1 Multiple possible mapping levels .48
8.6.2 Process action to master recipe phase mapping .48
8.6.3 Process action to master recipe operation mapping .49
8.6.4 Process action to master recipe unit procedure mapping .49
8.6.5 Transformation through process operations .50
8.6.6 Transformation through process stages .51
Annex A (informative) General and site recipe benefits .53
Annex B (informative) General and site recipes in the enterprise .54
Annex C (informative) Usage questions .59
Bibliography.63

Figure 1 – Recipe hierarchy example .11
Figure 2 – Pilot plant creation of equipment-independent recipe .12
Figure 3 – Equipment-independent recipe from pilot plant development .13
Figure 4 – Site recipe, BOM, and BOR information overlaps .15
Figure 5 – General recipes in a typical development function.16
Figure 6 – Equipment-independent recipe procedure definition .20
Figure 7 – Non-persistent process actions .24
Figure 8 – Equipment-independent recipe object model .29
Figure 9 – Example stage PPC for an equipment-independent recipe .33
Figure 10 – Recipe process element symbols .34
Figure 11 – Annotation for stage or operation elements .35

61512-3 © IEC:2008 – 5 –
Figure 12 – Equipment requirement indication .35
Figure 13 – Example process annotation indication.35
Figure 14 – Process input symbol .35
Figure 15 – Process input symbol with material identification.36
Figure 16 – Sample process input symbol representing multiple materials .36
Figure 17 – Process intermediate symbol.36
Figure 18 – Unidentified intermediate material symbol .37
Figure 19 – Process output symbol .37
Figure 20 – Process output symbol with material information .37
Figure 21 – Order of execution symbol.38
Figure 22 – Start of parallel execution symbol.38
Figure 23 – End of parallel execution.38
Figure 24 – Start of optional parallel execution symbol .38
Figure 25 – Alternate execution paths for optional parallel execution .39
Figure 26 – End of optional parallel execution.39
Figure 27 – Graphical representation example .41
Figure 28 – Sequence order annotations for table representation .42
Figure 29 – Sample process operation as graphic.43
Figure 30 – Sample graphic showing sequential paths .43
Figure 31 – Possible general-to-master recipe mappings .46
Figure 32 – Transform through process actions .48
Figure 33 – Mapping of a process action to one or more operations.49
Figure 34 – Mapping of a process action to one or more unit procedures .50
Figure 35 – Mapping of a process operation to one or more operations .51
Figure 36 – Mapping of a process stage to one or more unit procedures.52
Figure B.1 – Information sets in a manufacturing enterprise.54
Figure C.1 – Typical overlap of information between a site recipe, a bill of material,
and a bill of resources .62

Table 1 – Process action properties .24
Table 2 – Persistent process action table format example.25
Table 3 – Material addition process action examples .25
Table 4 – Material removal process action examples .26
Table 5 – Energy addition process action examples.26
Table 6 – Energy removal process action examples.26
Table 7 – Life cycle states .28
Table 8 – Table format for process operations and process actions .41
Table 9 – Sample process operation in table.44
Table B.1 – Information elements .57
Table B.2 – Planning levels and recipes .58

– 6 – 61512-3 © IEC:2008
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
BATCH CONTROL –
Part 3: General and site recipe models
and representation
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
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with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
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3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
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5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 61512-3 has been prepared by subcommittee 65A: System
aspects, of IEC technical committee 65: Industrial-process measurement, control and
automation.
This first edition cancels and replaces IEC/PAS 61512-3, published in 2004.
This part of IEC 61512 is to be used in conjunction with IEC 61512-1 and IEC 61512-2.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
CDV Report on voting
65A/496/CDV 65A/503/RVC
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.

61512-3 © IEC:2008 – 7 –
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The list of all the parts of the IEC 61512 series, under the general title Batch Control, can be
found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in
the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
– 8 – 61512-3 © IEC:2008
INTRODUCTION
IEC 61512-1 provides models and terminology applicable to batch control, IEC 61512-2
addresses data structures and guidelines for languages. This part of IEC 61512 defines
additional information on general and site recipes. Clause 4 of this part of IEC 61512 contains
definitions of general and site recipes in greater detail than in IEC 61512-1. Clause 5 defines
detailed description of the contents of general and site recipes. Clause 6 defines a data model
that identifies objects and relationships that were addressed in Clauses 4 and 5. Clause 7
defines a method for depiction of general and site recipes that can be used for both simple
and complex processing requirements, using both a tabular and a graphical notation. Clause
8 describes some aspects of general or site to master recipe transformation. The annexes
provide complementary information.
Although this part of IEC 61512 is intended primarily for batch processes, it may have
considerable value for other types of processes as well.

61512-3 © IEC:2008 – 9 –
BATCH CONTROL –
Part 3: General and site recipe models
and representation
1 Scope
This part of IEC 61512 on Batch Control defines a model for general and site recipes; the
activities that describe the use of general and site recipes within a company and across
companies; a representation of general and site recipes; and a data model of general and site
recipes.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60050-351:2006, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Part 351: Control
technology
IEC 61512-1:1997, Batch Control – Part 1: Models and terminology
IEC 61512-2: 2001, Batch Control – Part 2: Data structures and guidelines for languages
IEC 62264-1: 2003, Enterprise-control system integration – Part 1: Models and terminology
IEC 62264-2: 2004, Enterprise-control system integration – Part 2: Object model attributes
ISO/IEC 19501, Information technology - Open Distributed Processing - Unified Modeling
Language (UML) Version 1.4.2
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 61512-1,
IEC 61512-2 and IEC 60050-351, as well as the following, apply.
3.1.1
equipment-independent recipe
recipe type that defines general requirements for equipment but is not specifically tailored for
a precise class or size of equipment.
3.1.2
master recipe transform component
part of a master recipe that is used in the transformation of an equipment-independent recipe
into a complete master recipe.

– 10 – 61512-3 © IEC:2008
3.1.3
process procedure chart
a graphical representation of equipment-independent recipes that is defined in this part of
IEC 61512.
3.1.4
product family
a set of produced materials that are related by manufacturing process or business policy.
3.1.5
product grades
collections of similarly produced materials with variations in properties.
3.2 Abbreviation
PPC - Process Procedure Chart
4 Recipe description
4.1 Recipe types
As defined in the recipe model of IEC 61512-1, a recipe is an entity that contains the minimum
set of information that uniquely defines the manufacturing requirements for a specific product.
Recipes provide a way to describe products and how those products are produced.
Four types of recipes are defined in IEC 61512-1: general recipe, site recipe, master recipe,
and control recipe. There are substantial differences between general/site and master/control
recipes. General/site recipes describe the equipment-independent processing requirements to
make a specific product. Master/control recipes describe the specific actions required with
specific equipment to make a batch of product.
Additional information on the four recipe types is defined in IEC 61512-1.
4.2 General and site recipe description
4.2.1 Manufacturing information
General and site recipes are sources of information for the development of process cell-
specific master recipes. Their purpose is to describe manufacturing information without regard
to specific manufacturing equipment. They describe, in manufacturing terms, the materials,
equipment requirements, chemical transformations, and physical transformations required to
manufacture a product.
4.2.2 Multiple site definitions
General and site recipes are intended to define processing requirements that can be carried
out in differently constructed process cells and that can be valid in multiple areas and multiple
sites, as shown in Figure 1. In some circumstances, general recipes can even be used to
convey product-manufacturing information across multiple enterprises.

61512-3 © IEC:2008 – 11 –
One general recipe per produced material,
maintained at the enterprise level.
Enterprise For example, 1 000 company-wide products.
One site recipe per site and produced material,
maintained at the site for local materials,
language, or segment of production.
For example, 10 000 site recipes for 10 sites.
Site Site Site
One master recipe per process cell
and produced material.
For example, 50 000 master recipes for
5 process cells per site.
One control recipe per batch.
For example, 1 000 000 batches per year.
Describes the custom options and formula
values for one specific batch of product.
Process Process Process
cell cell cell
IEC  901/08
Figure 1 – Recipe hierarchy example
There are generally fewer general and site recipes in a manufacturing enterprise than master
recipes.
EXAMPLE A small specialty chemical company may have 1 000 general recipes, and 10 000 site recipes for 10
production sites. The company may have 50 000 master recipes, assuming an average of 5 process cells per site
that can manufacture the products. Large companies may have thousands of products and millions of master
recipes. A single change to a general recipe may result in changes to hundreds of master recipes.
4.2.3 Expansion and collapsing of the recipe type hierarchy
The general and site recipe hierarchy can be expanded or collapsed to meet an enterprise’s
needs.
EXAMPLE A company may only have general recipes and not site recipes. Alternately, a company may include
another level of equipment-independent recipes below the site recipe that is specific to an area within a site.
4.3 Equipment-independent recipes
4.3.1 Equipment-independent recipe subtypes
General and site recipes are subtypes of a general class of equipment-independent recipes.
They have the same structure, information, and display, but they differ by their use within a
company, based on company policies.
4.3.2 Activities of equipment-independent recipes
There are multiple possible implementations of equipment-independent recipes within a
company. Two commonly used approaches are defined here, one in which equipment-
independent recipes are used as input to trial or pilot plant production, another in which
equipment-independent recipes are generated as a result of trial or pilot plant production.
These approaches are defined for product manufacturing; they do not necessarily apply to

– 12 – 61512-3 © IEC:2008
other areas of the enterprise, such as research and development (R&D), but the concepts can
be beneficial in other areas.
In the examples, the recipes are identified as general recipes, but they can be any type of
equipment-independent recipe.
Development of equipment-independent recipes is typically iterative so there will be feedback
loops throughout the development cycle. For simplicity, the multiple feedback loops have not
been shown in Figures 2 and 3.
4.3.3 Input to trial or pilot production
Figure 2 illustrates the activities associated with the generation and use of equipment-
independent recipes as an input to trial or pilot plant production.
In this usage scenario, a company generates equipment-independent recipes that are the
definitions given to the trial or pilot plant operation. The equipment-independent recipes are
converted to master recipes that match the pilot plant equipment layout and the process is
scaled up and validated.
Develop
product synthesis
description
R and D
Global material Other global
product synthesis
specifications specifications
description
Create
Global equipment
Global process
general
property definitions
action definitions
recipe
Modify
General
general
recipe
recipe
Convert and
Trial facility
Trial master
validate in
mapping rules
recipe
trial facility
Approved
general
recipe
IEC  902/08
Figure 2 – Pilot plant creation of equipment-independent recipe

61512-3 © IEC:2008 – 13 –
4.3.4 Output from trial or pilot production
An alternate method for equipment-independent recipes development is the creation of an
equipment-independent recipe after the scale-up and verification of the process in a trial or
pilot facility, as shown in Figure 3. In this model, a final equipment-independent recipe is
generated after the scale up and verification of the process in a trial or pilot facility. This
equipment-independent recipe is usually constructed using the final trial master recipe as the
process description.
Note that because of clarity of the process description inherent in formal equipment-
independent recipes, it can be advantageous in some circumstances to use the same
structure as an input to the pilot plant, even if it is not identified as a recipe.
Develop
product synthesis
description
R and D
product synthesis
description
Convert and
Trial facility
validate in
mapping rules
trial facility
Trial
master
recipe
Other global
Global material
specifications
specifications
Create
Global equipment
Global process
general
property definitions
action definitions
recipe
Approved
general
recipe
IEC  903/08
Figure 3 – Equipment-independent recipe from pilot plant development
4.3.5 Control of equipment-independent recipes
Equipment-independent recipes are usually tightly controlled because they represent the
valuable, proprietary, and unique intellectual capital of a company. It is important that
equipment-independent recipes be managed with formal procedures and adequate safeguards
for change control.
– 14 – 61512-3 © IEC:2008
4.3.6 Equipment-independent recipe definition
An equipment-independent recipe defines a single set of processing requirements for the
production of an intended material or materials.
EXAMPLE The produced material may be products, co-products, and by-products.
4.3.7 Equipment-independent recipe variants
There can be multiple variants of an equipment-independent recipe for a produced material
that describe alternate synthesis paths or alternate formula materials. Each variant is
described in a separate equipment-independent recipe. An identification method is usually
used to indicate the relationship among the multiple variant recipes for the produced material.
EXAMPLE Multiple equipment-independent recipes may be used to make a wood-based glue product. Different
recipes would be used based on the time of the year or species of trees used. All of the general recipes would
specify the same final product, but could be identified by variant.
4.3.8 Source of scheduling information
Equipment-independent recipes, and in particular site recipes, provide a source for scheduling
and planning information for a corporation. A site recipe defines all of the processing
materials required to make a product, or a portion of a product, at a site. It also contains
information about the resources required to make the product; information that can be useful
for production and resource scheduling.
Equipment-independent recipes, and in particular site recipes, provide a source for site
scheduling and planning information, including:
a) information about materials required to make a product, or a portion of a product;
b) information about the resources required to make the product.
In cases where site recipes are not used (e.g., all sites use the same general recipe), then for
purposes of scheduling, the general recipe can be considered a site recipe.
Master recipes are needed for detailed scheduling of process cells and units, because these
schedules require knowledge of the specific equipment required.
4.3.9 Equipment-independent recipes and business information
Recipes correspond to product production rules, as defined in IEC 62264-1. General and site
recipes correspond to equipment-independent product production rules; master and control
recipes correspond to equipment-specific product production rules.
Because a site recipe can be defined for many process cells, with different structures, it is
often used as a basis for site planning information, as specified in IEC 62264-1.
There is an overlap of the information contained in a site recipe and the Bill Of Materials
(BOM) used in business systems to manage and schedule materials. This overlap is identified
as a manufacturing bill in IEC 62264-1, and is made up of the site recipes’ process inputs.
The site recipe can be the source of information for the manufacturing bill. See Figure 4.
There is an overlap of information in a site recipe and the Bill Of Resources (BOR) used in
business systems to schedule production. The overlap is defined as Process and Product
Segments in IEC 62264-1 and can correspond to the site recipe’s process stages and process
operations.
61512-3 © IEC:2008 – 15 –
...