CISPR TR 16-3:2020
(Main)Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 3: CISPR technical reports
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 3: CISPR technical reports
CISPR TR 16-3:2020 is available as CISPR TR 16-3:2020 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.
CISPR 16-3:2020 is a collection of technical reports (Clause 4) that serve as background and supporting information for the various other standards and technical reports in CISPR 16 series. In addition, background information is provided on the history of CISPR, as well as a historical reference on the measurement of interference power from household and similar appliances in the VHF range (Clause 5). Over the years, CISPR prepared a number of recommendations and reports that have significant technical merit but were not generally available. Reports and recommendations were for some time published in CISPR 7 and CISPR 8. At its meeting in Campinas, Brazil, in 1988, CISPR subcommittee A agreed on the table of contents of CISPR 16-3, and to publish the reports for posterity by giving the reports a permanent place in CISPR 16-3. With the reorganization of CISPR 16 in 2003, the significance of CISPR limits material was moved to CISPR 16-4-3, whereas recommendations on statistics of disturbance complaints and on the report on the determination of limits were moved to CISPR 16‑4-4:2007. The contents of Amendment 1 (2002) of CISPR 16-3:2000 were moved to CISPR 16-4-1. NOTE As a consolidated collection of independent technical reports, this document can contain symbols that have differing meanings from one clause to the next. Attempts have been made to minimize this to the extent possible at the time of editing. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2015. This edition constitutes a technical revision. The main technical change with respect to the previous edition consists of the addition of detailed background information on the large loop antenna system (LLAS) and its measurement method in general and on the models and equations which apply to calculate the reference validation factor and conversion factor curves.
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CISPR TR 16-3 ®
Edition 4.0 2020-10
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods –
Part 3: CISPR technical reports
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
your local IEC member National Committee for further information.
IEC Central Office Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
3, rue de Varembé info@iec.ch
CH-1211 Geneva 20 www.iec.ch
Switzerland
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigendum or an amendment might have been published.
IEC publications search - webstore.iec.ch/advsearchform Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a The world's leading online dictionary on electrotechnology,
variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical containing more than 22 000 terminological entries in English
committee,…). It also gives information on projects, replaced and French, with equivalent terms in 16 additional languages.
and withdrawn publications. Also known as the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary
(IEV) online.
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details all new publications released. Available online and 67 000 electrotechnical terminology entries in English and
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IEC publications issued between 2002 and 2015. Some
IEC Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc entries have been collected from earlier publications of IEC
If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or TC 37, 77, 86 and CISPR.
need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service
Centre: sales@iec.ch.
CISPR TR 16-3 ®
Edition 4.0 2020-10
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods –
Part 3: CISPR technical reports
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 33.100.10; 33.100.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-8957-0
– 2 – CISPR TR 16-3:2020 IEC 2020
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 16
1 Scope . 18
2 Normative references . 18
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 19
3.1 Terms and definitions. 19
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 22
4 Technical reports . 23
4.1 Correlation between measurements made with apparatus having
characteristics differing from CISPR characteristics and measurements
made with CISPR apparatus . 23
4.1.1 General . 23
4.1.2 Critical interference-measuring instrument parameters . 23
4.1.3 Impulse interference – correlation factors . 25
4.1.4 Random noise . 27
4.1.5 The root mean square (RMS) detector . 27
4.1.6 Discussion . 27
4.1.7 Application to typical noise sources . 27
4.1.8 Conclusions . 28
4.2 Interference simulators . 29
4.2.1 General . 29
4.2.2 Types of interference signals . 29
4.2.3 Circuits for simulating broadband interference . 30
4.3 Relationship between limits for open-area test site and the reverberation
chamber . 34
4.3.1 General . 34
4.3.2 Correlation between measurement results of the reverberation chamber
and OATS . 34
4.3.3 Limits for use with the reverberation chamber method . 35
4.3.4 Procedure for the determination of the reverberation chamber limit . 35
4.4 Characterization and classification of the asymmetrical disturbance source
induced in telephone subscriber lines by AM broadcasting transmitters in
the LW, MW and SW bands . 36
4.4.1 General . 36
4.4.2 Experimental characterization . 36
4.4.3 Prediction models and classification . 46
4.4.4 Characterization of the immunity-test disturbance source . 50
4.5 Predictability of radiation in vertical directions at frequencies above 30 MHz . 57
4.5.1 Summary . 57
4.5.2 Range of application . 58
4.5.3 General . 58
4.5.4 Method used to calculate field patterns in the vertical plane . 60
4.5.5 Limitations of predictability of radiation at elevated angles. 61
4.5.6 Differences between the fields over a real ground and the fields over a
perfect conductor . 89
4.5.7 Uncertainty ranges . 95
4.5.8 Conclusions . 97
4.6 The predictability of radiation in vertical directions at frequencies up to
30 MHz . 98
4.6.1 Range of application . 98
4.6.2 General . 99
4.6.3 Method of calculation of the vertical radiation patterns. 100
4.6.4 The source models . 100
4.6.5 Electrical constants of the ground . 102
4.6.6 Predictability of radiation in vertical directions . 102
4.6.7 Conclusions . 110
4.6.8 Figures associated with predictability of radiation in vertical directions . 111
4.7 Correlation between amplitude probability distribution (APD) characteristics
of disturbance and performance of digital communication systems . 146
4.7.1 General . 146
4.7.2 Influence on a wireless LAN system . 146
4.7.3 Influence on a Bluetooth system . 149
4.7.4 Influence on a W-CDMA system . 153
4.7.5 Influence on Personal Handy Phone System (PHS) . 156
4.7.6 Quantitative correlation between noise parameters and system
performance . 160
4.7.7 Quantitative correlation between noise parameters of repetition pulse
and system performance of PHS and W-CDMA (BER) . 163
4.8 Background material on the definition of the RMS-average weighting
detector for measuring receivers . 166
4.8.1 General – purpose of weighted measurement of disturbance . 166
4.8.2 General principle of weighting – the CISPR quasi-peak detector . 167
4.8.3 Other detectors defined in CISPR 16-1-1 . 167
4.8.4 Procedures for measuring pulse weighting characteristics of digital
radiocommunications services . 168
4.8.5 Theoretical studies . 171
4.8.6 Experimental results . 173
4.8.7 Effects of spread-spectrum clock interference on wideband
radiocommunication signal reception . 191
4.8.8 Analysis of the various weighting characteristics and proposal of a
weighting detector . 192
4.8.9 Properties of the RMS-average weighting detector . 194
4.9 Common mode absorption devices (CMAD) . 196
4.9.1 General . 196
4.9.2 CMAD as a two-port device . 198
4.9.3 Measurement of CMAD . 202
4.10 Background on the definition of the FFT-based receiver . 212
4.10.1 General . 212
4.10.2 Tuned selective voltmeters and spectrum analyzers . 213
4.10.3 General principle of a tuned selective voltmeter . 213
4.10.4 FFT-based receivers – digital signal processing . 214
4.10.5 Measurement errors specific to FFT processing . 218
4.10.6 FFT-based receivers – examples . 220
4.11 Parameters of signals at telecommunication ports. 233
4.11.1 General . 233
4.11.2 Estimation of common mode disturbance levels . 234
4.12 Background on CDNE equipment and measurement method . 235
– 4 – CISPR TR 16-3:2020 IEC 2020
4.12.1 General . 235
4.12.2 Historical overview . 236
4.12.3 From CDN to CDNE . 240
4.13 Background on LLAS, validation and measurement method . 243
4.13.1 General . 243
4.13.2 Historical overview . 243
4.13.3 Models and equations for the LLAS method . 244
5 Background and history of CISPR . 244
5.1 The history of CISPR . 244
5.1.1 T
...
CISPR TR 16-3 ®
Edition 4.0 2020-10
REDLINE VERSION
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods –
Part 3: CISPR technical reports
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
your local IEC member National Committee for further information.
IEC Central Office Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
3, rue de Varembé info@iec.ch
CH-1211 Geneva 20 www.iec.ch
Switzerland
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigendum or an amendment might have been published.
IEC publications search - webstore.iec.ch/advsearchform Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a The world's leading online dictionary on electrotechnology,
variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical containing more than 22 000 terminological entries in English
committee,…). It also gives information on projects, replaced and French, with equivalent terms in 16 additional languages.
and withdrawn publications. Also known as the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary
(IEV) online.
IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published IEC Glossary - std.iec.ch/glossary
details all new publications released. Available online and 67 000 electrotechnical terminology entries in English and
once a month by email. French extracted from the Terms and Definitions clause of
IEC publications issued since 2002. Some entries have been
IEC Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc collected from earlier publications of IEC TC 37, 77, 86 and
If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or CISPR.
need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service
Centre: sales@iec.ch.
CISPR TR 16-3 ®
Edition 4.0 2020-10
REDLINE VERSION
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods –
Part 3: CISPR technical reports
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 33.100.10; 33.100.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-8985-3
– 2 – CISPR TR 16-3:2020 RLV IEC 2020
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 16
1 Scope . 18
2 Normative references . 18
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 19
3.1 Terms and definitions. 19
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 23
4 Technical reports . 24
4.1 Correlation between measurements made with apparatus having
characteristics differing from CISPR characteristics and measurements
made with CISPR apparatus . 24
4.1.1 General . 24
4.1.2 Critical interference-measuring instrument parameters . 24
4.1.3 Impulse interference – correlation factors . 26
4.1.4 Random noise . 28
4.1.5 The root mean square (RMS) detector . 28
4.1.6 Discussion . 28
4.1.7 Application to typical noise sources . 28
4.1.8 Conclusions . 29
4.2 Interference simulators . 30
4.2.1 General . 30
4.2.2 Types of interference signals . 30
4.2.3 Circuits for simulating broadband interference . 31
4.3 Relationship between limits for open-area test site and the reverberation
chamber . 35
4.3.1 General . 35
4.3.2 Correlation between measurement results of the reverberation chamber
and OATS . 35
4.3.3 Limits for use with the reverberation chamber method . 36
4.3.4 Procedure for the determination of the reverberation chamber limit . 36
4.4 Characterization and classification of the asymmetrical disturbance source
induced in telephone subscriber lines by AM broadcasting transmitters in
the LW, MW and SW bands . 37
4.4.1 General . 37
4.4.2 Experimental characterization . 37
4.4.3 Prediction models and classification . 47
4.4.4 Characterization of the immunity-test disturbance source . 51
4.5 Predictability of radiation in vertical directions at frequencies above 30 MHz . 58
4.5.1 Summary . 58
4.5.2 Range of application . 59
4.5.3 General . 59
4.5.4 Method used to calculate field patterns in the vertical plane . 61
4.5.5 Limitations of predictability of radiation at elevated angles. 62
4.5.6 Differences between the fields over a real ground and the fields over a
perfect conductor . 90
4.5.7 Uncertainty ranges . 96
4.5.8 Conclusions . 98
4.6 The predictability of radiation in vertical directions at frequencies up to
30 MHz . 99
4.6.1 Range of application . 99
4.6.2 General . 100
4.6.3 Method of calculation of the vertical radiation patterns. 101
4.6.4 The source models . 101
4.6.5 Electrical constants of the ground . 103
4.6.6 Predictability of radiation in vertical directions . 103
4.6.7 Conclusions . 111
4.6.8 Figures associated with predictability of radiation in vertical directions . 112
4.7 Correlation between amplitude probability distribution (APD) characteristics
of disturbance and performance of digital communication systems . 147
4.7.1 General . 147
4.7.2 Influence on a wireless LAN system . 147
4.7.3 Influence on a Bluetooth system . 150
4.7.4 Influence on a W-CDMA system . 154
4.7.5 Influence on Personal Handy Phone System (PHS) . 157
4.7.6 Quantitative correlation between noise parameters and system
performance . 161
4.7.7 Quantitative correlation between noise parameters of repetition pulse
and system performance of PHS and W-CDMA (BER) . 164
4.8 Background material on the definition of the RMS-average weighting
detector for measuring receivers . 167
4.8.1 General – purpose of weighted measurement of disturbance . 167
4.8.2 General principle of weighting – the CISPR quasi-peak detector . 168
4.8.3 Other detectors defined in CISPR 16-1-1 . 168
4.8.4 Procedures for measuring pulse weighting characteristics of digital
radiocommunications services . 169
4.8.5 Theoretical studies . 172
4.8.6 Experimental results . 174
4.8.7 Effects of spread-spectrum clock interference on wideband
radiocommunication signal reception . 192
4.8.8 Analysis of the various weighting characteristics and proposal of a
weighting detector . 193
4.8.9 Properties of the RMS-average weighting detector . 195
4.9 Common mode absorption devices (CMAD) . 197
4.9.1 General . 197
4.9.2 CMAD as a two-port device . 199
4.9.3 Measurement of CMAD . 203
4.10 Background on the definition of the FFT-based receiver . 213
4.10.1 General . 213
4.10.2 Tuned selective voltmeters and spectrum analyzers . 214
4.10.3 General principle of a tuned selective voltmeter . 214
4.10.4 FFT-based receivers – digital signal processing . 215
4.10.5 Measurement errors specific to FFT processing . 219
4.10.6 FFT-based receivers – examples . 221
4.11 Parameters of signals at telecommunication ports. 234
4.11.1 General . 234
4.11.2 Estimation of common mode disturbance levels . 235
4.12 Background on CDNE equipment and measurement method . 236
– 4 – CISPR TR 16-3:2020 RLV IEC 2020
4.12.1 General . 236
4.12.2 Historical overview . 237
4.12.3 From CDN to CDNE . 241
4.13 Background on LLAS, validation and measurement method . 244
4.13.1 General . 244
4.13.2 Historical overview . 244
4.13.3 Models and equations for the LLAS method . 245
5 Background and history of CISPR . 245
5.1 The history of CISPR .
...
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