CISPR TR 16-3:2010

CISPR/TR 16-3
Edition 3.0 2010-08
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods –
Part 3: CISPR technical reports

CISPR/TR 16-3:2010(E)
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
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CISPR/TR 16-3
Edition 3.0 2010-08
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods –
Part 3: CISPR technical reports

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
PRICE CODE
XH
ICS 33.100.10; 33.100.20 ISBN 978-2-88912-147-2
– 2 – TR CISPR 16-3 © IEC:2010(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.14
1 Scope.16
2 Normative references .16
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations .17
3.1 Terms and definitions .17
3.2 Abbreviations .20
4 Technical reports.20
4.1 Correlation between measurements made with apparatus having
characteristics differing from CISPR characteristics and measurements made
with CISPR apparatus .20
4.1.1 General .20
4.1.2 Critical interference-measuring instrument parameters .21
4.1.3 Impulse interference – correlation factors .23
4.1.4 Random noise .25
4.1.5 The root mean square (rms) detector.25
4.1.6 Discussion.25
4.1.7 Application to typical noise sources .25
4.1.8 Conclusions.26
4.2 Interference simulators.27
4.2.1 General .27
4.2.2 Types of interference signals.27
4.2.3 Circuits for simulating broadband interference .28
4.3 Relationship between limits for open-area test site and the reverberation
chamber .32
4.3.1 General .32
4.3.2 Correlation between measurement results of the reverberation
chamber and OATS .32
4.3.3 Limits for use with the reverberation chamber method .33
4.3.4 Procedure for the determination of the reverberation chamber limit .33
4.4 Characterization and classification of the asymmetrical disturbance source
induced in telephone subscriber lines by AM broadcasting transmitters in
the LW, MW and SW bands.34
4.4.1 General .34
4.4.2 Experimental characterization.34
4.4.3 Prediction models and classification .44
4.4.4 Characterization of the immunity-test disturbance source .47
4.5 Predictability of radiation in vertical directions at frequencies above 30 MHz.55
4.5.1 Summary.55
4.5.2 Range of application.56
4.5.3 General .56
4.5.4 Method used to calculate field patterns in the vertical plane .58
4.5.5 Limitations of predictability of radiation at elevated angles .59
4.5.6 Differences between the fields over a real ground and the fields over
a perfect conductor.87
4.5.7 Uncertainty ranges .93
4.5.8 Conclusions.96

TR CISPR 16-3 © IEC:2010(E) – 3 –
4.6 The predictability of radiation in vertical directions at frequencies up to
30 MHz.97
4.6.1 Range of application.97
4.6.2 General .97
4.6.3 Method of calculation of the vertical radiation patterns .98
4.6.4 The source models .99
4.6.5 Electrical constants of the ground. 100
4.6.6 Predictability of radiation in vertical directions . 101
4.6.7 Conclusions.109
4.6.8 Figures associated with predictability of radiation in vertical
directions.110
4.7 Correlation between amplitude probability distribution (APD) characteristics
of disturbance and performance of digital communication systems . 139
4.7.1 General .139
4.7.2 Influence on a wireless LAN system .139
4.7.3 Influence on a Bluetooth system .142
4.7.4 Influence on a W-CDMA system .146
4.7.5 Influence on Personal Handy Phone System (PHS) .149
4.7.6 Quantitative correlation between noise parameters and system
performance .153
4.7.7 Quantitative correlation between noise parameters of repetition pulse
and system performance of PHS and W-CDMA (BER) . 157
4.8 Background material on the definition of the rms-average weighting detector
for measuring receivers .160
4.8.1 General – purpose of weighted measurement of disturbance . 160
4.8.2 General principle of weighting – the CISPR quasi-peak detector. 160
4.8.3 Other detectors defined in CISPR 16-1-1.161
4.8.4 Procedures for measuring pulse weighting characteristics of digital
radiocommunications services . 162
4.8.5 Theoretical studies .165
4.8.6 Experimental results .167
4.8.7 Effects of spread-spectrum clock interference on wideband
radiocommunication signal reception .185
4.8.8 Analysis of the various weighting characteristics and proposal of a
weighting detector .186
4.8.9 Properties of the rms-average weighting detector . 189
4.9 Common mode absorption devices (CMAD). 191
4.9.1 General .191
4.9.2 CMAD as a two-port device .193
4.9.3 Measurement of CMAD.197
4.10 Background on the definition of the FFT-based receiver .207
4.10.1 General .207
4.10.2 Tuned selective voltmeters and spectrum analyzers . 208
4.10.3 General principle of a tuned selective voltmeter.208
4.10.4 FFT-based receivers – digital signal processing . 210
4.10.5 Measurement errors specific to FFT processing. 213
4.10.6 FFT-based receivers – examples.215
5 Background and history of CISPR.228
5.1 The history of CISPR.228
5.1.1 The early years: 1934-1984 .228

– 4 – TR CISPR 16-3 © IEC:2010(E)
5.1.2 The division of work.230
5.1.3 The computer years: 1984 to 1998 .230
5.1.4 The people in CISPR .231
5.2 Historical background to the method of measurement of the interference
power produced by electrical household and similar appliances in the VHF
range .231
5.2.1 Historical detail.231
5.2.2 Development of the method .232
Annex A (informative) Derivation of the formula . 234
Annex B (informative) The field-strength distribution .238
Annex C (informative) The induced asymmetrical open-circuit voltage distribution .242
Annex D (informative) The outlet-voltage distribution .245
Annex E (informative) Some mathematical relations . 247
Annex F (informative) Harmonic fields radiated at elevated angles from 27 MHz ISM
equipment over real ground .249
Bibliography.255

Figure 1 – Relative response of various detectors to impulse interference .
...

CISPR TR 16-3 ®
Edition 3.2 2015-09
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE

Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods –
Part 3: CISPR technical reports

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form

or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from

either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or

your local IEC member National Committee for further information.

IEC Central Office Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
3, rue de Varembé Fax: +41 22 919 03 00

CH-1211 Geneva 20 info@iec.ch
Switzerland www.iec.ch
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.

About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published.

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and withdrawn publications. have been collected from earlier publications of IEC TC 37,

77, 86 and CISPR.
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Centre: csc@iec.ch.
CISPR TR 16-3 ®
Edition 3.2 2015-09
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
TECHNICAL
VERSION
colour
inside
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and

methods –
Part 3: CISPR technical reports

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 33.100.10; 33.100.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-2905-7

CISPR TR 16-3 ®
Edition 3.2 2015-09
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
REDLINE VERSION
colour
inside
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods –
Part 3: CISPR technical reports

– 2 – CISPR TR 16-3:2010+AMD1:2012
+AMD2:2015 CSV  IEC 2015
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 14
1 Scope . 16
2 Normative references . 16
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations . 17
3.1 Terms and definitions . 17
3.2 Abbreviations . 20
4 Technical reports . 20
4.1 Correlation between measurements made with apparatus having
characteristics differing from CISPR characteristics and measurements made
with CISPR apparatus . 20
4.1.1 General . 20
4.1.2 Critical interference-measuring instrument parameters . 21
4.1.4 Random noise . 25
4.1.5 The root mean square (rms) detector . 25
4.1.6 Discussion . 25
4.1.7 Application to typical noise sources . 25
4.1.8 Conclusions . 26
4.2 Interference simulators . 27
4.2.1 General . 27
4.2.2 Types of interference signals . 27
4.2.3 Circuits for simulating broadband interference . 28
4.1.3 Impulse interference – correlation factors . 23
4.3 Relationship between limits for open-area test site and the reverberation
chamber . 32
4.3.1 General . 32
4.3.2 Correlation between measurement results of the reverberation
chamber and OATS . 32
4.3.3 Limits for use with the reverberation chamber method . 33
4.3.4 Procedure for the determination of the reverberation chamber limit . 33
4.4 Characterization and classification of the asymmetrical disturbance source
induced in telephone subscriber lines by AM broadcasting transmitters in
the LW, MW and SW bands . 34
4.4.1 General . 34
4.4.2 Experimental characterization . 34
4.4.4 Characterization of the immunity-test disturbance source . 47
4.4.3 Prediction models and classification . 44
4.5 Predictability of radiation in vertical directions at frequencies above 30 MHz . 55
4.5.1 Summary . 55
4.5.2 Range of application . 56
4.5.3 General . 56
4.5.4 Method used to calculate field patterns in the vertical plane . 58
4.5.5 Limitations of predictability of radiation at elevated angles . 59
4.5.6 Differences between the fields over a real ground and the fields over
a perfect conductor . 87
4.5.7 Uncertainty ranges . 93
4.5.8 Conclusions . 96

+AMD2:2015 CSV  IEC 2015
4.6 The predictability of radiation in vertical directions at frequencies up to
30 MHz. 97
4.6.1 Range of application . 97
4.6.2 General . 97
4.6.3 Method of calculation of the vertical radiation patterns . 98
4.6.4 The source models . 99
4.6.5 Electrical constants of the ground . 100
4.6.6 Predictability of radiation in vertical directions . 101
4.6.7 Conclusions . 109
4.6.8 Figures associated with predictability of radiation in vertical
directions. 110
4.7 Correlation between amplitude probability distribution (APD) characteristics
of disturbance and performance of digital communication systems . 139
4.7.1 General . 139
4.7.2 Influence on a wireless LAN system . 139
4.7.3 Influence on a Bluetooth system . 142
4.7.4 Influence on a W-CDMA system . 146
4.7.5 Influence on Personal Handy Phone System (PHS) . 149
4.7.6 Quantitative correlation between noise parameters and system
performance . 153
4.7.7 Quantitative correlation between noise parameters of repetition pulse
and system performance of PHS and W-CDMA (BER) . 157
4.8 Background material on the definition of the rms-average weighting detector
for measuring receivers . 160
4.8.1 General – purpose of weighted measurement of disturbance . 160
4.8.2 General principle of weighting – the CISPR quasi-peak detector . 160
4.8.3 Other detectors defined in CISPR 16-1-1 . 161
4.8.4 Procedures for measuring pulse weighting characteristics of digital
radiocommunications services . 162
4.8.5 Theoretical studies . 165
4.8.6 Experimental results . 167
4.8.7 Effects of spread-spectrum clock interference on wideband
radiocommunication signal reception . 185
4.8.8 Analysis of the various weighting characteristics and proposal of a
weighting detector . 186
4.8.9 Properties of the rms-average weighting detector . 189
4.9 Common mode absorption devices (CMAD) . 191
4.9.1 General . 191
4.9.2 CMAD as a two-port device . 193
4.9.3 Measurement of CMAD . 197
4.10 Background on the definition of the FFT-based receiver . 207
4.10.1 General . 207
4.10.2 Tuned selective voltmeters and spectrum analyzers . 208
4.10.3 General principle of a tuned selective voltmeter . 208
4.10.4 FFT-based receivers – digital signal processing . 210
4.10.5 Measurement errors specific to FFT processing . 213
4.10.6 FFT-based receivers – examples . 215
4.11 Parameters of signals at telecommunication ports . 228
4.11.1 General . 228
4.11.2 Estimation of common mode disturbance levels . 229

– 4 – CISPR TR 16-3:2010+AMD1:2012
+AMD2:2015 CSV  IEC 2015
4.12 Background on CDNE equipment and measurement method . 230
4.12.1 General . 230
4.12.2 Historical overview . 231
4.12.3 From CDN to CDNE . 235
5 Backg
...

CISPR/TR 16-3 ®
Edition 3.1 2012-07
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods –
Part 3: CISPR technical reports

CISPR/TR 16-3:2010+A1:2012(E)
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form

or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester.
If you have any questions about IEC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication,

please contact the address below or your local IEC member National Committee for further information.

IEC Central Office Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
3, rue de Varembé Fax: +41 22 919 03 00

CH-1211 Geneva 20 info@iec.ch
Switzerland www.iec.ch
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.

About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published.

Useful links:
IEC publications search - www.iec.ch/searchpub Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
The advanced search enables you to find IEC publications The world's leading online dictionary of electronic and
by a variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical electrical terms containing more than 30 000 terms and
committee,…). definitions in English and French, with equivalent terms in
It also gives information on projects, replaced and additional languages. Also known as the International
withdrawn publications. Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) on-line.

IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication
details all new publications released. Available on-line and or need further assistance, please contact the
also once a month by email. Customer Service Centre: csc@iec.ch.

CISPR/TR 16-3 ®
Edition 3.1 2012-07
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE

Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and

methods –
Part 3: CISPR technical reports

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
PRICE CODE
CS
ICS 33.100.10, 33.100.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-0282-1

– 2 – TR CISPR 16-3  IEC:2010+A1:2012(E)

CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 14

1 Scope . 16

2 Normative references . 16

3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations . 17

3.1 Terms and definitions . 17

3.2 Abbreviations . 20

4 Technical reports . 20
4.1 Correlation between measurements made with apparatus having
characteristics differing from CISPR characteristics and measurements made
with CISPR apparatus . 20
4.1.1 General . 20
4.1.2 Critical interference-measuring instrument parameters . 21
4.1.3 Impulse interference – correlation factors . 23
4.1.4 Random noise . 25
4.1.5 The root mean square (rms) detector . 25
4.1.6 Discussion . 25
4.1.7 Application to typical noise sources . 25
4.1.8 Conclusions . 26
4.2 Interference simulators . 27
4.2.1 General . 27
4.2.2 Types of interference signals . 27
4.2.3 Circuits for simulating broadband interference . 28
4.3 Relationship between limits for open-area test site and the reverberation
chamber . 32
4.3.1 General . 32
4.3.2 Correlation between measurement results of the reverberation
chamber and OATS . 32
4.3.3 Limits for use with the reverberation chamber method . 33
4.3.4 Procedure for the determination of the reverberation chamber limit . 33
4.4 Characterization and classification of the asymmetrical disturbance source
induced in telephone subscriber lines by AM broadcasting transmitters in the
LW, MW and SW bands . 34
4.4.1 General . 34

4.4.2 Experimental characterization . 34
4.4.3 Prediction models and classification . 44
4.4.4 Characterization of the immunity-test disturbance source . 47
4.5 Predictability of radiation in vertical directions at frequencies above 30 MHz . 55
4.5.1 Summary . 55
4.5.2 Range of application . 56
4.5.3 General . 56
4.5.4 Method used to calculate field patterns in the vertical plane . 58
4.5.5 Limitations of predictability of radiation at elevated angles . 59
4.5.6 Differences between the fields over a real ground and the fields over
a perfect conductor . 87
4.5.7 Uncertainty ranges . 93
4.5.8 Conclusions . 96

TR CISPR 16-3  IEC:2010+A1:2012(E) – 3 –

4.6 The predictability of radiation in vertical directions at frequencies up to

30 MHz. 97

4.6.1 Range of application . 97

4.6.2 General . 97

4.6.3 Method of calculation of the vertical radiation patterns . 98

4.6.4 The source models . 99

4.6.5 Electrical constants of the ground . 100

4.6.6 Predictability of radiation in vertical directions . 101

4.6.7 Conclusions . 109

4.6.8 Figures associated with predictability of radiation in vertical

directions. 110
4.7 Correlation between amplitude probability distribution (APD) characteristics
of disturbance and performance of digital communication systems . 139
4.7.1 General . 139
4.7.2 Influence on a wireless LAN system . 139
4.7.3 Influence on a Bluetooth system . 142
4.7.4 Influence on a W-CDMA system . 146
4.7.5 Influence on Personal Handy Phone System (PHS) . 149
4.7.6 Quantitative correlation between noise parameters and system
performance . 153
4.7.7 Quantitative correlation between noise parameters of repetition pulse
and system performance of PHS and W-CDMA (BER) . 157
4.8 Background material on the definition of the rms-average weighting detector
for measuring receivers . 160
4.8.1 General – purpose of weighted measurement of disturbance . 160
4.8.2 General principle of weighting – the CISPR quasi-peak detector . 160
4.8.3 Other detectors defined in CISPR 16-1-1 . 161
4.8.4 Procedures for measuring pulse weighting characteristics of digital
radiocommunications services . 162
4.8.5 Theoretical studies . 165
4.8.6 Experimental results . 167
4.8.7 Effects of spread-spectrum clock interference on wideband
radiocommunication signal reception . 185
4.8.8 Analysis of the various weighting characteristics and proposal of a
weighting detector . 186
4.8.9 Properties of the rms-average weighting detector . 189
4.9 Common mode absorption devices (CMAD) . 191

4.9.1 General . 191
4.9.2 CMAD as a two-port device . 193
4.9.3 Measurement of CMAD . 197
4.10 Background on the definition of the FFT-based receiver . 207
4.10.1 General . 207
4.10.2 Tuned selective voltmeters and spectrum analyzers . 208
4.10.3 General principle of a tuned selective voltmeter . 208
4.10.4 FFT-based receivers – digital signal processing . 210
4.10.5 Measurement errors specific to FFT processing . 213
4.10.6 FFT-based receivers – examples . 215
4.11 Parameters of signals at telecommunication ports . 228
4.11.1 General . 228
4.11.2 Estimation of common mode disturbance levels . 230

– 4 – TR CISPR 16-3  IEC:2010+A1:2012(E)

5 Background and history of CISPR . 231

5.1 The history of CISPR . 231

5.1.1 The early years: 1934-1984 . 231

5.1.2 The division of work . 233

5.1.3 The computer years: 1984 to 1998 . 233

5.1.4 The people in CISPR . 233

5.2 Historical background to the method of measurement of the interference

power produced by electrical household and similar appliances in the VHF

range . 234

5.2.1 Historical detail . 234

5.2.2 Development of the method . 235
Annex A (informative) Derivation of the formula . 237
Annex B (informative) The field-strength distribution .
...