EN 50132-7:2012

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2012
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 50132-7:1997
Alarmni sistemi - Nadzorni sistemi CCTV za uporabo v aplikacijah varovanja - 7.
del: Smernice za uporabo
Alarm systems - CCTV surveillance systems for use in security applications - Part 7:
Application guidelines
Alarmanlagen - CCTV-Überwachungsanlagen für Sicherungsanwendungen - Teil 7:
Anwendungsregeln
Systèmes d’alarme - Systèmes de surveillance CCTV à usage dans les applications de
sécurité - Partie 7: Directive d'application
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 50132-7:2012
ICS:
13.320 Alarmni in opozorilni sistemi Alarm and warning systems
33.160.40 Video sistemi Video systems
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 50132-7
NORME EUROPÉENNE
August 2012
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 13.310; 33.160.40 Supersedes EN 50132-7:1996

English version
Alarm systems -
CCTV surveillance systems for use in security applications -
Part 7: Application guidelines

Systèmes d’alarme -  Alarmanlagen -
Systèmes de surveillance CCTV à usage CCTV-Überwachungsanlagen für
dans les applications de sécurité - Sicherungsanwendungen -
Partie 7: Lignes directrices Teil 7: Anwendungsregeln

This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2012-06-18. CENELEC members are bound to comply
with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard
the status of a national standard without any alteration.

Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified
to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.

CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels

© 2012 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 50132-7:2012 E
Contents
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ϭ ^ĐŽƉĞ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϰ
Ϯ EŽƌŵĂƚŝǀĞƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐĞƐ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϰ
ϯ dĞƌŵƐ͕ĚĞĨŝŶŝƚŝŽŶƐĂŶĚĂďďƌĞǀŝĂƚŝŽŶƐ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϰ
ϰ 'ĞŶĞƌĂůĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂƚŝŽŶƐ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϴ
ϱ KƉĞƌĂƚŝŽŶĂůƌĞƋƵŝƌĞŵĞŶƚƐƐƉĞĐŝĨŝĐĂƚŝŽŶƐ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϭ
ϲ ƋƵŝƉŵĞŶƚƐĞůĞĐƚŝŽŶĂŶĚƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϱ
ϳ /ŵĂŐĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƚŝŽŶ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϮϮ
ϴ dƌĂŶƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘Ϯϰ
ϵ sŝĚĞŽƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƚŝĐƐ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘Ϯϴ
ϭϬ ^ƚŽƌĂŐĞĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƚŝĐƐ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘Ϯϵ
ϭϭ /ŵĂŐĞƐƚŽƌĂŐĞĂŶĚĞdžƉŽƌƚ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϯϭ
ϭϮ dsĐŽŶƚƌŽůƌŽŽŵĐŽŶĨŝŐƵƌĂƚŝŽŶ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϯϰ
ϭϯ ĞĨŝŶĞƚĞƐƚƉůĂŶ ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϯϲ
ϭϰ ^ƵŵŵĂƌLJŽĨĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĂƚŝŽŶʹWƌĞͲŝŶƐƚĂůůĂƚŝŽŶ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϯϵ
ϭϱ ^LJƐƚĞŵŝŶƐƚĂůůĂƚŝŽŶĂŶĚĐŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŝŶŐ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϯϵ
ϭϲ &ŝŶĂůĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĂƚŝŽŶ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϰϭ
ϭϳ DĂŝŶƚĞŶĂŶĐĞ ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϰϮ
ŶŶĞdž;ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƚŝǀĞͿƵƌƌĞŶƚǀŝĚĞŽƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĨŽƌŵĂƚƐ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϰϰ
ŶŶĞdž;ŶŽƌŵĂƚŝǀĞͿdĞƐƚƉƌŽƚŽĐŽůĨŽƌdsƚĂƌŐĞƚ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϰϱ
ŶŶĞdž;ŶŽƌŵĂƚŝǀĞͿdĞƐƚŵĞƚŚŽĚŽĨŝŵĂŐĞƋƵĂůŝƚLJ'ƵŝĚĂŶĐĞĨŽƌƚŚĞƵƐĞŽĨƚŚĞǀŝĚĞŽƚĞƐƚƚĂƌŐĞƚ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϱϯ
ŶŶĞdž;ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƚŝǀĞͿ'ƵŝĚĞƚŽƐƉĞĐŝĨLJŝŶŐdsƉĂƌĂŵĞƚĞƌƐ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϱϳ
ŶŶĞdž;ŶŽƌŵĂƚŝǀĞͿĞƚĞĐƚŝŽŶƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƚĞƐƚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂĐĐĞƉƚĂďŝůŝƚLJĐƌŝƚĞƌŝĂ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϱϵ
ŝďůŝŽŐƌĂƉŚLJ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϲϯ

- 3 - EN 50132-7:2012
Foreword
This document (EN 50132-7:2012) has been prepared by CLC/TC 79 "Alarm systems".
The following dates are fixed:
• latest date by which this document has
(dop) 2013-06-18
to be implemented at national level by
publication of an identical national
standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national
(dow) 2015-06-18
standards conflicting with this
document have to be withdrawn
This document supersedes EN 50132-7:1996.
In comparison to EN 50132-7:1996 major changes have been made to the document due to technical
innovation in the field of video surveillance: the shift from analogue to digital, the general improvement of
image quality, new CCTV standards and a new test target methodology. EN 50132-7:1996 needed a major
review and additions.
Following subclauses of the old standard have been revised:
EN 50132-7:1996 EN 50132-7:2012
Subclause & Title Subclauses
5.1 Purpose of the operational requirement 5.2
6.1.1 Automation of the following functions should be considered: 5.4.2
6.2 Alarm response 5.4.3
6.3 System response times 5.4.4
7.2 Criteria for determining the number of cameras and their location 12
7.3 Camera and lens selection criteria 6.3
7.4 Camera selection 6.4
7.5 Lens selection 6.5
7.6 Recommended object sizes 6.7
7.8 Evaluation of scene and illumination 6.9
7.10.6 Equipment siting 12.7
The other chapters of EN 50132-7:1996 were completely rewritten.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CENELEC [and/or CEN] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

1 Scope
This European Standard gives recommendations and requirements for the selection, planning, installation,
commissioning, maintaining and testing of CCTV systems comprising of image capture device(s),
interconnection(s) and image handling device(s), for use in security applications.
The objectives of this standard are to:
a) provide a framework to assist customers, installers and users in establishing their requirements,
b) assist specifiers and users in determining the appropriate equipment required for a given application,
c) provide means of evaluating objectively the performance of the CCTV system.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 50132-1:2010 Alarm systems  CCTV surveillance systems for use in security applications
 Part 1: System requirements
EN 50132-5-1:2011 Alarm systems  CCTV surveillance systems for use in security applications
 Part 5-1: Video transmission  General video transmission performance
requirements
EN 50132-5-2:2011
Alarm systems  CCTV surveillance systems for use in security applications
 Part 5-2: IP Video Transmission Protocols
EN 50132-5-3
Alarm systems  CCTV surveillance systems for use in security applications
 Part 5-3: Video transmission  Analogue and digital video transmission
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1.1
camera housing
enclosure to provide physical and/or environmental protection of the camera, lens and ancillary equipment

3.1.2
camera sensitivity
imaging device illumination necessary to produce a defined composite (colour) video signal amplitude with a
CCTV system
3.1.3
CCTV surveillance installation
installation consisting of the hardware and software components of a CCTV system, fully installed and
operational for monitoring a defined security zone

3.1.4
CCTV camera
unit containing an imaging device producing a video signal from an optical image

3.1.5
CCTV camera equipment
unit containing a CCTV camera plus appropriate lens and necessary ancillary equipment

- 5 - EN 50132-7:2012
3.1.6
CCTV control unit
equipment for controlling and monitoring the required operational functions of the CCTV system

3.1.7
CCTV technician
qualified person who is trained and competent in the installation, maintenance, servicing and fault-finding of
CCTV systems
3.1.8
CCTV System
system consisting of camera equipment, monitoring and associated equipment for transmission and
controlling purposes, which may be necessary for the surveillance of a protected area

3.1.9
corrective maintenance
emergency servicing of a system, or part thereof, carried out in response to the development of a fault

3.1.10
corrective maintenance report
document that details the requirement for normal or emergency corrective maintenance and indicates the
corrective action taken, as required by this Standard or other applicable technical standard

3.1.11
customer
person or organisation utilising the design, installation and services of an approved company (including the
customers agent)
3.1.12
detect
with a 1,7 m person occupying at least 10 % (PAL) of the available screen height, picture quality should be
sufficient after an alert to enable an observer after an alert to search the display screens to determine with
good certainty whether or not a person is present

3.1.13
electronic iris
automatic electronic shutter which varies the camera sensitivity in relation to the varying light conditions in
order to maintain the video output signal within defined limits

3.1.14
electronic shutter
arrangement in the camera changing its sensitivity by electronically controlling its exposure time

3.1.15
event recording
event controlled recording or storing of image signals for a pre-determined time

3.1.16
external synchronisation
method of feeding reference timing signals to all connected devices to ensure that their video output signals
are synchronous
3.1.17
focal length (f)
property of a lens, expressed in mm, giving the angle of view for a given sensor size

3.1.18
geo data
digital information assigning a certain spatial location to the earth's surface

3.1.19
identify
with a 1,7 m person occupying at least 100 % (PAL) of the screen height, picture quality and detail should
be sufficient to enable identitification of an individual beyond reasonable doubt

3.1.20
inspect
with a 1,7 m person occupying at least 400 % (PAL) of the screen height, picture quality and detail should
be sufficient for judicial investigations

3.1.21
imaging device
device that converts an optical image into an electrical signal

3.1.22
imaging device illumination
level of illumination (luminance) at the photosensitive surface of the imaging device

3.1.23
iris
variable aperture mechanism which regulates the amount of light passing through the lens onto the imaging
device of the CCTV camera
3.1.24
kell factor
subjective number of lines of resolution that can be visually perceived in a video display system, expressed
as a percentage of the total number of lines of resolution

3.1.25
lens
optical device for projecting an image of a desired scene onto the photo sensitive surface of the imaging
device
3.1.26
monitor
with a 1,7 m person occupying at least 5 % (PAL) of the screen height, the level of detail should be sufficient
to observe the number, direction and speed of movement of people across a wide area, providing their
presence is known to him; i.e. they do not have to be searched for

3.1.27
image presentation device
device for converting video signals into pictures on a display screen

3.1.28
observe
with a 1,7 m person occupying b
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