prEN IEC 62998-1:2026

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-april-2026
Varnost strojev - Varnostni senzorji, ki se uporabljajo za zaščito oseb
Safety of machinery - Safety-related sensors used for the protection of persons
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN IEC 62998-1:2026
ICS:
13.110 Varnost strojev Safety of machinery
21.020 Značilnosti in načrtovanje Characteristics and design of
strojev, aparatov, opreme machines, apparatus,
equipment
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

44/1078/CDV
COMMITTEE DRAFT FOR VOTE (CDV)
PROJECT NUMBER:
IEC 62998-1 ED1
DATE OF CIRCULATION: CLOSING DATE FOR VOTING:
2026-02-06 2026-05-01
SUPERSEDES DOCUMENTS:
44/1057/CD, 44/1069A/CC
IEC TC 44 : SAFETY OF MACHINERY - ELECTROTECHNICAL ASPECTS
SECRETARIAT: SECRETARY:
United Kingdom Mrs Nyomee Hla-Shwe Tun
OF INTEREST TO THE FOLLOWING COMMITTEES: HORIZONTAL FUNCTION(S):
TC 65,SC 65A
ASPECTS CONCERNED:
Safety
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TITLE:
Safety of machinery - Safety-related sensors used for the protection of persons

PROPOSED STABILITY DATE: 2027
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IEC CDV 62998-1 © IEC 2026
CONTENTS
CONTENTS . 1
FOREWORD . 5
Introduction . 7
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms and definitions . 10
3.1 Characteristics and performance criteria . 10
3.2 Dependability . 11
3.3 Procedures and architectural deliberations . 13
3.4 Terms related to system . 16
3.5 Fusion. 17
3.6 Safety-related information . 18
3.7 Test . 20
3.8 User groups . 21
3.9 Verification and validation . 22
3.10 Abbreviations . 23
4 life cycle and interconnection to safety-related control systems . 24
4.1 General . 24
4.2 Hazard and risk analysis . 26
4.2.1 General . 26
4.2.2 Hazard caused by SRS/SRSS. 27
4.2.3 Required SRS/SRSS performance class . 29
4.3 Correspondence of SRS/SRSS performance class . 30
5 Design and development phase . 31
5.1 General . 31
5.2 SRS/SRSS functions . 31
5.3 Design analysis. 32
5.4 Simulation . 32
5.5 Sensing zone(s) . 32
5.6 Safety-related zone . 32
5.7 Automation-related zone . 33
5.8 Detection capability and dependability . 33
5.8.1 General . 33
5.8.2 Object classes and physical properties . 33
5.8.3 Environmental influences . 35
5.9 User interface . 38
5.9.1 General . 38
5.9.2 Mounting . 38
5.9.3 Safety-related information . 39
6 Integration and installation phase . 41
6.1 General . 41
6.2 Fusion of SRS into an SRSS . 42
6.2.1 General . 42
6.2.2 Limits of use after fusion . 43
6.2.3 Detection capability after fusion . 43
6.2.4 Sensing zone(s) after fusion . 43
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6.2.5 Dependability under environmental conditions after fusion . 44
6.2.6 Safety-related information after fusion . 44
6.2.7 SRSS performance class after fusion . 45
6.2.8 Response time after fusion . 45
6.2.9 Verification and validation after fusion . 46
6.3 Calibration at user side . 46
6.3.1 General . 46
6.3.2 Calibration procedure and equipment . 46
6.3.3 Verification and validation of calibration . 47
7 Operation, maintenance and modification phases . 47
8 Verification and validation . 47
8.1 General . 47
8.2 Verification of an SRS/SRSS . 47
8.3 Validation of an SRS/SRSS . 49
8.4 Analysis . 49
8.5 Test . 50
8.5.1 General . 50
8.5.2 Test classification . 51
8.5.3 Test method and test setup . 51
8.5.4 Test piece . 52
8.5.5 Test plan and test results . 53
9 Information for use . 53
Annex A (informative) Examination of systematic capability . 56
Annex B (informative) User groups . 59
B.1 User groups of SRS/SRSS and groups addressed by this document . 59
B.2 User groups addressed by fusion . 60
Annex C (informative) Functional decomposition and/or integration . 62
Annex D (normative) Generation and application of models . 64
D.1 General . 64
D.2 Simulation models applied for design analysis . 65
D.2.1 Determination of complexity . 65
D.2.2 Simulation objectives and measures to achieve them . 65
D.2.3 Verification . 67
D.3 Simulation models applied to simulate tests . 68
D.4 Descriptive models applied to support integration or installation . 69
D.5 Descriptive models applied to support operation, maintenance and
modification . 70
Annex E (informative) Child properties and behaviour . 72
E.1 General . 72
E.2 Sizes of parts of body . 72
Annex F (informative) Environmental influences . 76
F.1 General . 76
F.2 Example 1 for specification of environmental influences . 76
F.3 Example 2 for specification of environmental influences . 78
Annex G (informative) Faults, failures and influences resulting in a loss of SRS/SRSS
safety-related function . 80
G.1 General . 80
G.2 Failure to danger . 82
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G.3 Normal operation . 84
G.4 Signal to initiate the fault reaction function and confidence information as
part of safety-related information . 84
Annex H (informative) Test aspects . 86
H.1 General . 86
H.2 Mechanical influence test . 86
Annex I (informative) Examples of functions, safety-related information and fusion . 90
I.1 Example of functions . 90
I.2 Example of safety-related information . 91
I.3 Example of fusion . 92
Bibliography . 96

Figure 1 – Measurement accuracy and measurement uncertainty . 11
Figure 2 – Example 1 of an SRS architecture . 25
Figure 3 – Example 2 of an SRS architecture . 25
Figure 4 – Example of an SRSS architecture . 25
Figure 5 – Interconnection of an SRS/SRSS into hazard and risk analysis . 27
Figure 6 – Safety-related information of an SRS/SRSS . 40
Figure A.1 – Example for examination of systematic capability using product standards . 57
Figure C.1 – Interconnection of functions and objects . 62
Figure C.2 – Example of functions performed in an SRSS . 63
Figure D.1 – Application of models in Annex D . 65
Figure D.2 – Verification process . 68
Figure D.3 – Verification process - model applied for simulated tests . 69
Figure E.1 – Body height children . 73
Figure E.2 – Chest depth children . 73
Figure E.3 – Head width children . 74
Figure E.4 – Head length children . 75
Figure G.1 – Combination of faults, failures or errors resulting in additional risk through
loss of safety function or bypassing . 81
Figure G.2 – Analysis of systematic capability during design and development to
prevent systematic faults resulting in failure to danger . 82
Figure G.3 – Mode of action for systematic fault resulting in fault reaction function . 85
Figure G.4 – Mode of action for errors resulting in appropriate confidence information . 85
Figure I.1 – Example of SRS applied on driveway intersection . 90
Figure I.2 – Example of SRS/SRSS providing decision and confidence information . 91
Figure I.3 – Example of SRS/SRSS providing measurement and confidence information . 92
Figure I.4 – First example of fusion of 2 SRS into an SRSS with combined sensing
zones . 93
Figure I.5 – Fusion of SRS safety-related information . 93
Figure I.6 – Approach of verification and validation based on SRS Information for use
and SRSS Safety Requirement specification . 94
Figure I.7 – Second example of fusion of 2 SRS into an SRSS with combined sensing
zones . 95

Table 1 – Protection against hazardous radiation of different sensing technologies . 28
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Table 2 – Correspondence between level of safety performance and minimum required
SRS/SRSS performance class . 30
Table 3 – Functions of an SRS/SRSS as applicable . 31
Table 4 – Standards that contain environmental requirements . 36
Table 5 – Limits for failure to danger condition (loss of the detection capability) due to
environmental interference for high demand mode . 37
Table 6 – Minimum required coverage probability/decision probability at high demand
rate 41
Table 7 – Maximum applicable SRSS performance class after fusion of two SRS . 46
Table 8 – Means to be used for evaluation of verification measures and verification
results . 49
Table 9 – Overview of information for use to be provided . 55
Table A.1 – Example of relevant standards to examine systematic capability . 56
Table B.1 – Roles and task of addressed user groups . 59
Table B.2 – Addressed user groups for different integration types using sensing unit,
SRS/SRSS as element or SRS as subsystem . 60
Table D.1 – Simulation objectives and measures for SRS/SRSS of low complexity . 66
Table D.2 – Simulation objectives and measures for SRS/SRSS of high complexity . 67
Table E.1 – Body height children . 72
Table E.2 – Chest depth children . 73
Table E.3 – Head width children . 74
Table E.4 – Head length children . 74
Table F.1 – Example 1 of environmental influence and classes according to IEC
60721-3-5:1997 [88]. 76
Table F.2 – Example 2 of environmental influence and classes according to IEC
60721-3-3:2019 [90]. 78
Table G.1 – Demand rates used for the calculation of Table G.2 values . 83
Table G.2 – Limits for failure to danger condition (loss of the detection capability) due
to environmental influence for high demand mode . 83
Table H.1 – Example of test plan and test result for mechanical influence test . 87

IEC CDV 62998-1 © IEC 2026
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
Safety of machinery - Safety-related sensors used for the protection of
persons
FOREWORD
0.1 The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields.
To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical
Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to
as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee
interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and
non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates
closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions
determined by agreement between the two organizations.
0.2 The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
0.3 IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
0.4 In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated
in the latter.
0.5 IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
0.6 All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
0.7 No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage
or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
0.8 Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
0.9 IEC draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). IEC takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights
in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, IEC [had/had not] received notice of (a)
patent(s), which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
https://patents.iec.ch. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 62998-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 44: Safety of machinery –
Electrotechnical aspects. It is an International Standard.
This first edition of the International Standard cancels and replaces the first edition of the
Technical Specification, published in 2019. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) addition of requirements for the control of radiation hazards of specific sensor technologies
in 4.2.2.2;
b) addition of requirements for the control of hazards related to security vulnerabilities in
4.2.2.4;
c) addition of the practical use (3.4.10) option in 4.2.3;
IEC CDV 62998-1 © IEC 2026
d) clarification of the influence of other relevant objects in relation to IEC TS 62998-3 in 5.8.3.3
e) the appliance and relationship of this generic product standard with standards on functional
safety of safety-related control systems and product specific standards in Annex A;
f) addition of provisions for the generation and application of models during design and
development (3.3.4) phase, integration and installation phase, operation, maintenance and
modification phases in Annex D.
The text of this Standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
44/XX/ 44/XX/
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this document is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described greater detail at www.iec.ch/publications.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn, or
• revised.
IEC CDV 62998-1 © IEC 2026
Introduction
Safety-related sensors are used on machinery (3.3.9) that presents a risk of personal injury.
They provide protection by ensuring that the machine is reverted to a safe condition before a
person can be placed in a hazardous situation.
IEC 61496 (all parts) [1] provides design and performance requirements for electro-sensitive
protective equipment (3.3.16) (ESPE (3.3.16)). It provides clear, though limited, guideline on:
– specific sensor technologies (such as optical sensors) or sensing functions (such as the
capability to detect a specified object);
– typical conditions representative of indoor use in industrial environments;
– the detection (3.1.5) of objects representing parts of the body of adults using the properties
of geometry and reflectivity;
– the design, functional requirements and tests to be conducted in accordance with ESPE
(3.3.16) specific safety performance classification in types (2,3 and 4).
Autonomous systems such as automated guided vehicles (AGV), service robotics or human-
machine interaction in industries are showing an increased demand, for example for:
– new sensor technologies (e.g. radar, ultrasonic sensors);
– new kinds of sensor functions (e.g. classification of objects, position of an object); and
– combinations of different sensor technologies in a sensor system.
In such cases, sensor manufacturers or integrators use standards on functional safety of safety-
related control systems as a guideline for the safety-related product design. Standards on
functional safety of safety-related control systems, such as IEC 61508 (all parts), IEC 62061 or
ISO 13849 (all parts) are generic and allow product design without specific, inappropriate
limitations. Applying these standards would require a dedicated analysis of the systematic
capability (3.1.4) of a sensor or sensor system (e.g. dependability (3.2.2) of the detection
capability (3.1.6) under tolerance conditions and environmental influences). These standards
do not provide sufficient guidance to prevent design failures in safety-related sensors or
insufficient systematic capability (3.1.4) to detect the specified object under certain
environmental conditions. This can result in an intolerable risk to persons.
This document fills the gap for the examination of systematic capability (3.1.4) between product
specific standards and generic standards on functional safety of safety-related control systems.
NOTE 1 Examples for the examination of systematic capability (3.1.4) by using different product standards are
given in Annex A.
This document is addressed to safety-related sensor (3.3.14) manufacturers and integrators of
safety-related sensors into a safety-related sensor system (3.3.15) .
NOTE 2 Examples for addressed user (3.8.3) groups are given in Annex B.
IEC CDV 62998-1 © IEC 2026
1 Scope
This document set out the requirements for the development and integration of safety-related
sensors (3.3.14) (SRS ) and safety-related sensor systems (3.3.15) (SRSS ) used for the
protection of persons with particular attention to systematic capability (3.1.4).
This generic product standard applies if protection of persons is to be performed by using
sensors.
NOTE 1 The appliance and relationship of this generic product standard with standards on functional safety of
safety-related control systems and product specific standards is described in Annex A.
This generic product standard can be applied also for other protective goals like protection of
the environment or prevent production goods damages.
The examination of detection capability (3.1.6) as part of the systematic capability (3.1.4) using
different product standards is described in Annex A.
The requirements and methods set out in this document are intended for the purpose of
protection of persons by:
– detection (3.1.5) of potentially hazardous objects;
– detection (3.1.5) of a body, parts of a body and objects associated to parts of a body entering
a hazardous area; or
– classification and/or discrimination of these against other objects.
NOTE 2 The application of SRS/SRSS in a public setting can require the detection (3.1.5) of not only persons, but
also their associated equipment, such as wheelchairs, walking sticks or infusion stands.
Performance classes of SRS/SRSS are defined in accordance with existing standards on
functional safety of safety-related control systems (e.g. IEC 62061, IEC 61508 (all parts), and
ISO 13849 (all parts)).
NOTE 3 By correlating to existing PL or SIL, we have achieved simplification for end users.
Specific attention is devoted to the evaluation of the detection capability (3.1.6) and
dependability (3.2.2) of the detection capability (3.1.6) . Environmental conditions and limits for
indoor and outdoor use are defined that influence the sensing function and the dependability
(3.2.2) of the detection capability (3.1.6).
NOTE 4 Environmental influences, their classification and test (3.7.10) procedures are primarily specified in
accordance with generic environmental standards. In the absence of respective standards, more specific
requirements and tests are described.
This document can be relevant for applications other than the protection of persons in industry
(3.3.17), such as agriculture or public transportation (e.g. metro stations).
This document does not consider or address proven in-use (e.g. processes or elements) as
defined in IEC 61508-2 [2].
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60068 (all parts), Environmental testing
IEC CDV 62998-1 © IEC 2026
IEC 60204‑1, Safety of machinery – Electrical equipment of machines – Part 1: General
requirements
IEC 60529, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)
IEC 60721 (all parts), Classification of environmental conditions
IEC 60825‑1, Safety of laser products – Part 1: Equipment classification and requirements
IEC 61000-6-7, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-7: Generic standards - Immunity
requirements for equipment intended to perform functions in a safety-related system (functional
safety) in industrial locations
IEC 61508 (all parts), Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-
related systems
IEC 61784-3, Industrial communication networks - Profiles - Part 3: Functional safety fieldbuses
- General rules and profile definitions
IEC 62061, Safety of machinery - Functional safety of safety-related control systems
IEC 62311, Assessment of electronic and electrical equipment related to human exposure
restrictions for electromagnetic fields (0 Hz to 300 GHz)
IEC 62471, Photobiological safety of lamps and lamp systems
IEC TS 62998-3, Safety of machinery - Safety-related sensors used for the protection of persons
- Part 3: Sensor technologies and algorithms
IEC TS 62998-3:2023, Safety of machinery - Safety-related sensors used for the protection of
persons - Part 3: Sensor technologies and algorithms
ISO 7250 (all parts), Basic human body measurements for technological design
ISO 13849 (all parts), Safety of machinery – Safety-related parts of control systems
ISO 13849-1, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General
principles for design
ISO 19014-2, Earth-moving machinery — Functional safety — Part 2: Design and evaluation of
hardware and architecture requirements for safety-related parts of the control system
ISO/IEC/IEEE 24641:2023, Systems and Software engineering - Methods and tools for model-
based systems and software engineering
ISO 25119-2, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Safety-related parts of
control systems — Part 2: Concept phase
ISO 26262 (all parts), Road vehicles – Functional safety
CEN/CENELEC Guide 14, Child safety – Guidance for its inclusion in standards
IEC 62443 series, Security for industrial automation and control systems
IEC CDV 62998-1 © IEC 2026
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1 Characteristics and performance criteria
3.1.1
automation-related zone
part of the sensing zone (3.1.3) (IEV 428-06-21) within which specified objects are detected in
order to perform an automation-related function
3.1.2
safety-related zone
part of the sensing zone (3.1.3) (IEV 428-06-21) within which specified safety-related objects
are detected
3.1.3
sensing zone
zone defined by length, area or volume within which objects are detected and a function is
performed
3.1.4
systematic capability
measure (expressed on a scale of SC 1 to SC 4) of the confidence that the systematic safety
integrity of an element meets the requirements of the specified SIL, in respect to the specified
element safety function, when the element is applied in accordance with the instructions
specified in the compliant safety manual for the element
Note 1 to entry: systematic capability (3.1.4) is determined with reference to the requirements for the avoidance
and control of systematic faults (see IEC 61508-2 [2] and IEC 61508-3 [4]).
Note 2 to entry: What a relevant systematic failure (3.2.5) mechanism is, will depend on the nature of the element.
For example, for an element comprising solely software, only software failure (3.2.5) mechanisms will need to be
considered. For an element comprising hardware and software, it will be necessary to consider both systematic
hardware and software failure (3.2.5) mechanisms.
Note 3 to entry: A systematic capability (3.1.4) of SC N for an element, in respect to the specified element safety
function, means that the systematic safety integrity of SIL N has been met when the element is applied in accordance
with the instructions specified in the compliant item safety manual for the element.
[SOURCE: IEC 61508‑4:2010 [3]]
3.1.5
detection
determination of the presence and/or value of a physical property
(3.1.8) (IEV 428-06-17)
Note 1 to entry: As an example, classification can be a step of detection (3.1.5) containing other steps such as
reception of physical signal and filtering.
3.1.6
detection capability
ability to perform the detection (3.1.5) (IEV 428-06-08) within the
limits of use (3.4.9) as specified by the manufacturer
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3.1.7
loss of detection capability
event when detection (3.1.5) (IEV 428-06-08) is not achieved within the limits of use (3.4.9) as
specified by the manufacturer
Note 1 to entry: A loss of detection (3.1.5) could result from a deterioration of detection capability (3.1.6). A
deterioration could be of interest for analysis of reduced integrity of detection (3.1.5) resulting in a dangerous state.
3.1.8
physical property
individual measurable property of an object being observed
3.1.9
measurement accuracy
closeness of agreement between a measured quantity value and a
true quantity value of a measurand, see Figure 1.

Key
2,5 Example value of a true quantity value
2,6 Example value of a measured quantity values
Figure 1 – Measurement accuracy and measurement uncertainty
[SOURCE: IEV 428-06-14:2024-12]
3.1.10
measurement uncertainty
non-negative parameter characterizing the dispersion of the
quantity values being attributed to a measurand, based on the information used, see Figure 1
[SOURCE: IEV 428-06-16:2024-12]
3.2 Dependability
3.2.1
availability
ability to be in a state to perform as required
Note 1 to entry: availability (3.2.1) depends upon the combined characteristics of the reliability (3.2.3) (192-01-24),
recoverability (192-01-25), and maintainability (192-01-27) of the item, and the maintenance support performance
(192-01-29).
Note 2 to entry: availability (3.2.1) may be quantified using measures defined in Section 192-08, Availability related
measures.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-192:2015 [5], 192-01-23]
IEC CDV 62998-1 © IEC 2026
3.2.2
dependability
ability to perform as and when required
Note 1 to entry: Dependability (3.2.2) includes availability (3.2.1) (192-01-23), reliability (3.2.3) (192-01-24),
recoverability (192-01-25), maintainability (192-01-27), and maintenance support performance (192-01-29), and, in
some cases, other characteristics such as durability (192-01-21), safety and security.
Note 2 to entry: Dependability (3.2.2) is used as a collective term for the time-related quality characteristics of an
item.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-192:2015 [5], 192-01-22, modified – The specific use "of an item" given
after the term has been removed.]
3.2.3
reliability
ability to perform as required, without failure (3.2.5), for a given time interval, under given
conditions
Note 1 to entry: The time interval duration can be expressed in units appropriate to the item concerned, for example
calendar time, operating cycles, distance run, etc., and the units should always be clearly stated.
Note 2 to entry: Given conditions include aspects that affect reliability (3.2.3), such as: mode of operation, stress
levels, environmental conditions, and maintenance.
Note 3 to entry: Reliability (3.2.3) can be quantified using measures defined in Section 192-05, Reliability related
concepts: measures.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-192:2015 [5], 192-01-24, modified - The specific use "of an item" given
after the term has been removed.]
3.2.4
error
discrepancy between a computed, observed or measured value or condition, and the true,
specified or theoretically correct value or condition
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-192:2015 [5], 192-03-02, modified – The notes to entry have been
removed.]
3.2.5
failure
termination of the ability of an item to perform a required function
Note 1 to entry: After failure (3.2.5), the item has a fault (3.2.7).
Note 2 to entry: Failure (3.2.5) is an event, as distinguished from "fault (3.2.7)", which is a state.
Note 3 to entry: In practice, the terms fault (3.2.7) and failure (3.2.5) are often used synonymously.
3.2.6
failure to danger
failure (3.2.5) which results in the inability to perform the safety-related function (3.3.11) within
the stated response time
3.2.7
fault
inability to perform as required, due to an internal state
Note 1 to entry: A fault (3.2.7) of an item results from a failure (3.2.5), either of the item itself, or from a deficiency
in an earlier stage of the life cycle (3.9.5), such as specification, design, manufacture or maintenance. See latent
fault (3.2.7)
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