EN 60728-1:2008

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2008
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 50083-7:1999
SIST EN 50083-7:1999/A1:2001
Kabelska omrežja za televizijske in zvokovne signale ter interaktivne storitve - 1.
del: Lastnosti sistema za naprejšnje poti (IEC 60728-1:2007)
Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services - Part 1:
System performance of forward paths (IEC 60728-1:2007)
Kabelnetze für Fernsehsignale, Tonsignale und interaktive Dienste - Teil 1:
Systemanforderungen in Vorwärtsrichtung (IEC 60728-1:2007)
Réseaux de distribution par câbles pour signaux de télévision, signaux de radiodiffusion
sonore et services interactifs - Partie 1: Performance de la voie directe (CEI 60728-
1:2007)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 60728-1:2008
ICS:
33.060.40 Kabelski razdelilni sistemi Cabled distribution systems
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 60728-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
May 2008
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 33.060.40 Supersedes EN 50083-7:1996 + A1:2000

English version
Cable networks for television signals,
sound signals and interactive services -
Part 1: System performance of forward paths
(IEC 60728-1:2007)
Réseaux de distribution par câbles  Kabelnetze für Fernsehsignale,
pour signaux de télévision, Tonsignale und interaktive Dienste -
signaux de radiodiffusion sonore Teil 1: Systemanforderungen
et services interactifs - in Vorwärtsrichtung
Partie 1: Performance de la voie directe (IEC 60728-1:2007)
(CEI 60728-1:2007)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2008-04-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply
with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard
the status of a national standard without any alteration.

Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.

This European Standard exists in two official versions (English and German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the
Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.

CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the
Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung

Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels

© 2008 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 60728-1:2008 E
Foreword
The text of document 100/1242/FDIS, future edition 4 of IEC 60728-1, prepared by technical area 5,
Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services, of IEC TC 100, Audio,
video and multimedia systems and equipment, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and
was approved by CENELEC as EN 60728-1 on 2008-04-01.
This European Standard supersedes EN 50083-7:1996 + A1:2000 + corrigendum August 2007.
The following dates were fixed:
– latest date by which the EN has to be implemented
at national level by publication of an identical
(dop) 2009-01-01
national standard or by endorsement
– latest date by which the national standards conflicting
(dow) 2011-04-01
with the EN have to be withdrawn
For this European Standard the informative Annex J of IEC 60728-1:2007 shall be disregarded and
has been replaced by the informative Annex ZB, A-deviations.
Annexes ZA and ZB have been added by CENELEC.
__________
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 60728-1:2007 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards
indicated:
IEC 61169-2 NOTE  Harmonized as EN 61169-2:2007 (not modified).
IEC 61169-24 NOTE  Harmonized as EN 61169-24:2001 (not modified).
CISPR 16-1 NOTE  Harmonized in EN 55016-1 series (not modified).
__________
- 3 - EN 60728-1:2008
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.

NOTE 1  When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant
EN/HD applies.
NOTE 2  Where a standard cited below belongs to the EN 50000 series, the European Standard applies instead of the relevant
International Standard.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year

1)
- - Coaxial cables - EN 50117-2-4 -
Part 2-4: Sectional specification for cables
used in cabled distribution networks -
Indoor drop cables for systems operating
at 5 MHz - 3 000 MHz
1)
- - Characteristics of DAB receivers EN 50248 -

1)
- - Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB): Framing ETSI EN 300 421 -
structure, channel coding and modulation
for 11/12 GHz satellite services

1)
- - Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB): Framing ETSI EN 300 429 -
structure, channel coding and modulation
for cable systems
1)
- - Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB): ETSI EN 300 468 -
Specification for Service Information (SI) in
DVB systems
1)
- - Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB): Satellite ETSI EN 300 473 -
Master Antenna Television (SMATV)
distribution systems
1)
- - Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB): Framing ETSI EN 300 744 -
structure, channel coding and modulation
for digital terrestrial television

1)
- - Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB): Multipoint ETSI EN 300 748 -
Video Distribution Systems (MVDS) at
10 GHz and above
1)
- - Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB): ETSI EN 300 749 -
Microwave Multipoint Distribution Systems
(MMDS) below 10 GHz
1)
- - Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB);Second ETSI EN 302 307 -
generation framing structure, channel coding
and modulation systems for Broadcasting,
Interactive Services, News Gathering and
other broadband satellite applications

1)
Undated reference.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year

1)
- - Satellite Earth Stations and Systems ETSI ETS 300 784 -
(SES);Television Receive-Only (TVRO)
satellite earth stations operating in the
11/12 GHz frequency bands
1)
- - Digital Video Broadcasting ETSI TR 101 211 -
(DVB);Guidelines on implementation and
usage of Service Information (SI)

1)
- - Digital Video Broadcasting ETSI TR 101 290 -
(DVB);Measurement guidelines for DVB
systems
1)
IEC 60050-705 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - -
(IEV) -
Chapter 705: Radio wave propagation

1)
IEC 60050-712 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - -
(IEV) -
Chapter 712: Antennas
1)
IEC 60050-713 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - -
(IEV) -
Part 713: Radiocommunications:
transmitters, receivers, networks and
operation
1)
IEC 60050-725 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - -
(IEV) -
Chapter 725: Space radiocommunications

IEC 60617 Data- Graphical symbols for diagrams - -
base
2)
1)
IEC 60728-2 - Cabled distribution systems for television EN 50083-2 2006
and sound signals -
Part 2: Electromagnetic compatibility for
equipment
1) 2)
IEC 60728-3 - Cable networks for television signals, EN 60728-3 2006
sound signals and interactive services -
Part 3: Active wideband equipment for
coaxial cable networks
1) 2)
IEC 60728-5 - Cable networks for television signals, EN 60728-5 2008
sound signals and interactive services -
Part 5: Headend equipment
1) 2)
IEC 60728-10 - Cable networks for television signals, EN 60728-10 2006
sound signals and interactive services -
Part 10: System performance of return paths

1) 2)
IEC 60728-11 (mod)- Cable networks for television signals, EN 60728-11 2005
sound signals and interactive services -
Part 11: Safety
1) 2)
IEC 60728-12 - Cabled distribution systems for television EN 50083-8 2002
and sound signals -
Part 12: Electromagnetic compatibility of
systems
2)
Valid edition at date of issue.

- 5 - EN 60728-1:2008
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year

1) 2)
IEC 60966-2-4 - Radio frequency and coaxial cable EN 60966-2-4 2003
assemblies -
Part 2-4: Detail specification for cable
assemblies for radio and TV receivers -
Frequency range 0 to 3 000 MHz,
IEC 61169-2 connectors
1) 2)
IEC 60966-2-5 - Radio frequency and coaxial cable EN 60966-2-5 2003
assemblies -
Part 2-5: Detail specification for cable
assemblies for radio and TV receivers -
Frequency range 0 to 1 000 MHz,
IEC 61169-2 connectors
1) 2)
IEC 60966-2-6 - Radio frequency and coaxial cable EN 60966-2-6 2003
assemblies -
Part 2-6: Detail specification for cable
assemblies for radio and TV receivers -
Frequency range 0 to 3 000 MHz,
IEC 61169-24 connectors
1)
ISO/IEC 13818-1 - Information technology - Generic coding of - -
moving pictures and associated audio
information: Systems
1)
ISO/IEC 13818-2 - Information technology - Generic coding of - -
moving pictures and associated audio
information -
Part 2: Video
1)
ISO/IEC 13818-3 - Information technology - Generic coding of - -
moving pictures and associated audio
information -
Part 3: Audio
1)
ISO/IEC 13818-4 - Information technology - Generic coding of - -
moving pictures and associated audio
information -
Part 4: Conformance testing
1)
ISO/IEC 14496-1 - Information technology - Coding of audio-- -
visual objects -
Part 1: Systems
1)
ISO/IEC 14496-2 - Information technology - Coding of audio-- -
visual objects -
Part 2: Visdual
1)
ISO/IEC 14496-3 - Information technology - Coding of audio-- -
visual objects -
Part 3: Audio
1)
ISO/IEC 14496-4 - Information technology - Coding of audio-- -
visual objects -
Part 4: Conformance testing
1)
ITU-R - Planning standards for terrestrial FM sound - -
Recommendation broadcasting at VHF
BS.412-9
1)
ITU-R - Minimum field strengths for which protection - -
Recommendation may be sought in planning an analogue
BT.417-4 terrestrial television service

Publication Year Title EN/HD Year

1)
ITU-R - Conventional analogue television systems - -
Recommendation
BT.470-7
1)
ITU-R - Methodology for the subjective assessment - -
Recommendation of the quality of television pictures
BT.500-11
1)
ITU-T - Transmission performance of television - -
Recommendation circuits designed for use in international
J.61 connections
1)
ITU-T - Insertion of test signals in the field-blanking - -
Recommendation interval of monochrome and colour television
J.63 signals
- 7 - EN 60728-1:2008
Annex ZB
(informative)
A-deviations
A-deviation: National deviation due to regulations, the alteration of which is for the time being outside
the competence of the CENELEC national member.
This European Standard does not fall under any Directive of the EC.
In the relevant CENELEC countries these A-deviations are valid instead of the provisions of the
European Standard until they have been removed.
Clause Deviation
3.1.52 Norway
(Regulations on Electronic Communications Networks and Services (Ecom Regulations) laid
down by the Norwegian Ministry of Transport and Communications on 16 February 2004)
When installing coaxial cable-based networks, the part of the network to which the end-user
is connected shall be placed in a star structure. It is not permitted to insert receiver
connections into the connection between the star points.
5.4.1 Netherlands
(Dutch Technical Regulations for CATV networks (Technische Voorschriften voor Centrale
Antenne Inrichtingen, 3e uitgave), 21 December 1977, which are valid for CATV networks in
accordance with Article 21 of the Dutch Telecommunications law (Stb. 1988, 520))
Replace by/add the following “minimum and maximum carrier levels” regulation:
FM sound mono:
80 dB(µV)
max
(measured in accordance with CISPR 16-1 [4] (quasi-peak measurement within 120 kHz
bandwidth))
5.6.2 Netherlands
(Dutch Technical Regulations for CATV networks (Technische Voorschriften voor Centrale
Antenne Inrichtingen, 3e uitgave), 21 December 1977, which are valid for CATV networks in
accordance with Article 21 of the Dutch Telecommunications law (Stb. 1988, 520))
Add the group delay response curve valid for PAL with FM-FM sound (see Annex ZB, 5.4.1).
Group delay
ns
+400
+150
+100
–100
–150
–400
0 1 2 3 4 5
–0,25 4,43 5,35 5,9
Frequency  MHz
IEC  1463/07
Figure ZB.1 – Mask group delay characteristic for PAL signals
with FM-FM sound
5.9.1 Netherlands
(Dutch Technical Regulations for CATV networks (Technische Voorschriften voor Centrale
Antenne Inrichtingen, 3e uitgave), 21 December 1977, which are valid for CATV networks in
accordance with Article 21 of the Dutch Telecommunications law (Stb. 1988, 520))
Replace by/add the following “single-frequency interference” regulation:
AM-VSB-PAL-signals: (measured in a bandwidth of 300 kHz)
C/I ≥ 60 dB
For signals outside used TV
C/I ≥ 40 dB
channels:
- 9 - EN 60728-1:2008
5.10.2 Netherlands
(Dutch Technical Regulations for CATV networks (Technische Voorschriften voor Centrale
Antenne Inrichtingen, 3e uitgave), 21 December 1977, which are valid for CATV networks in
accordance with Article 21 of the Dutch Telecommunications law (Stb. 1988, 520))
Replace the requirements for “echoes in television channels, PAL-SECAM standards” by the
“requirement for echo loss in relation to the time delay of the reflected signal for AM-PAL-TV
and FM-radio” (Figure ZB.2).
Reflections admissible
TV
FM
Reflections inadmissible
10 100 1 000 10 000
Time delay  (ns)
IEC  1468
Figure ZB.2 – Requirement for echo loss in relation to the time delay
of the reflected signal
5.12.1 Denmark
(Danish technical regulations for CATV-networks, which are applicable to those networks in
accordance with national legislation act. nr; 277 of June 1995, given by the Ministry of
Research)
Add the requirement for “decoding margin” being “the decoding margin must be 40 %, when
the margin is a minimum of 70 % at the receiving antenna”.
5.14.3 Netherlands
(Dutch Technical Regulations for CATV networks (Technische Voorschriften voor Centrale
Antenne Inrichtingen, 3e uitgave), 21 December 1977, which are valid for CATV networks in
accordance with Article 21 of the Dutch Telecommunications law (Stb. 1988, 520))
Add the requirement for “adjacent channel spacing” by ≥ 400 kHz.
__________
Echo-loss  (dB)
IEC 60728-1
Edition 4.0 2007-09
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services –
Part 1: System performance of forward paths

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
PRICE CODE
XG
ICS 33.060.40 ISBN 2-8318-9264-3

– 2 – 60728-1 © IEC:2007(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.9
INTRODUCTION.11

1 Scope.16
2 Normative references .17
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations.19
3.1 Terms and definitions .19
3.2 Symbols .29
3.3 Abbreviations .30
4 Methods of measurement at system outlet.32
4.1 General .32
4.2 Mutual isolation between system outlets.34
4.2.1 Introduction .34
4.2.2 Equipment required .34
4.2.3 Connection of the equipment .34
4.2.4 Measurement procedure .35
4.2.5 Presentation of the results.36
4.3 Amplitude response within a channel.36
4.3.1 Introduction .36
4.3.2 Equipment required .36
4.3.3 Connection of the equipment .36
4.3.4 Measurement procedure .37
4.3.5 Presentation of the results.39
4.4 Chrominance-luminance gain and delay inequalities.39
4.4.1 Introduction .39
4.4.2 Equipment required .40
4.4.3 Connection of the equipment .40
4.4.4 Measurement procedure .40
4.4.5 Presentation of the results.42
4.5 Non-linear distortion .42
4.5.1 General .42
4.5.2 Intermodulation.42
4.5.3 Composite beat .42
4.5.4 Composite crossmodulation.47
4.5.5 Intermodulation noise .47
4.5.6 Hum modulation of carriers.47
4.5.7 Differential gain and phase .52
4.6 Carrier-to-noise ratio .56
4.6.1 Introduction .56
4.6.2 Equipment required .56
4.6.3 Connection of the equipment .56
4.6.4 Measurement set-up.57
4.6.5 Measurement procedure .57
4.6.6 Presentation of the results.58
4.7 Echoes .58
4.7.1 Introduction .58

60728-1 © IEC:2007(E) – 3 –
4.7.2 Equipment required .59
4.7.3 Connection of the equipment .60
4.7.4 Measurement procedure .60
4.7.5 Presentation of the results.60
4.8 AM-VSB television, FM radio and FM television signal level .60
4.8.1 General .60
4.8.2 Definitions for NTSC, PAL and SECAM systems.61
4.8.3 Equipment required .61
4.8.4 Measurement procedure .61
4.8.5 Presentation of the results.62
4.9 Data echo rating and data delay inequality .62
4.10 Interference in FM sound radio channels .62
4.11 Methods of measurement for digitally modulated signals .62
4.11.1 Introduction.62
4.11.2 Basic assumptions and measurement interfaces .62
4.11.3 Signal level for digitally modulated signals .65
4.11.4 RF signal-to-noise ratio S /N for digitally modulated signals.66
D,RF
4.11.5 Bit error ratio (BER) .68
4.11.6 BER versus E /N or C/N.69
b 0
4.11.7 Noise margin.72
4.11.8 Modulation error ratio (MER) .74
4.11.9 Phase jitter.76
4.11.10 Phase noise of an RF carrier.78
5 Performance requirements at system outlet .81
5.1 General .81
5.2 Impedance .82
5.3 Requirements at the terminal input .82
5.3.1 Signal level.82
5.3.2 Other parameters .83
5.4 Carrier levels at system outlets .83
5.4.1 Minimum and maximum carrier levels .83
5.4.2 Carrier level differences .84
5.5 Mutual isolation between system outlets.85
5.5.1 Isolation between two subscribers .85
5.5.2 Isolation between individual outlets in one household .85
5.5.3 Isolation between forward and return path .85
5.6 Frequency response within a television channel at any system outlet .86
5.6.1 Amplitude response.86
5.6.2 Group delay.86
5.7 Long-term frequency stability of distributed carrier signals at any system
outlet.87
5.8 Random noise .88
5.9 Interference to television channels .89
5.9.1 Single-frequency interference .89
5.9.2 Single-channel intermodulation interference .90
5.9.3 Multiple frequency intermodulation interference.90
5.9.4 Intermodulation noise .90
5.9.5 Cross-modulation .91
5.10 Video baseband requirements .91

– 4 – 60728-1 © IEC:2007(E)
5.10.1 Differential gain and phase in any television channel.91
5.10.2 Echoes .91
5.10.3 Amplitude and phase response for PALplus signals.91
5.11 Hum modulation of carriers in television channels .91
5.12 Requirements for data signal transmission .92
5.12.1 Data signals carried in the structure of a television signal.92
5.12.2 Data signals other than those carried within the structure of a
television signal.92
5.13 Digitally modulated signals – Additional performance requirements .93
5.13.1 DVB (PSK, QAM, OFDM) performance .93
5.13.2 NICAM performance .94
5.13.3 DAB performance .94
5.14 FM sound radio – Additional performance requirements .95
5.14.1 Amplitude response within an FM channel .95
5.14.2 Phase response within an FM channel.95
5.14.3 Interference within an FM channel .95
5.14.4 AM hum modulation on FM sound carriers .95
5.14.5 Echoes within an FM channel .95
6 Performance requirements at receiving antennas .95
6.1 Introduction .95
6.2 Method of measurement of field strength.96
6.2.1 Introduction .96
6.2.2 Equipment required .96
6.2.3 Connection of the equipment .96
6.2.4 Measurement procedure .96
6.2.5 Presentation of the results.98
6.3 Requirements.98
6.3.1 General .98
6.3.2 Field strength requirements .98
6.3.3 Quality of received signals.100
6.3.4 Safety.104
6.3.5 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) . 104
6.4 Interference reduction .104
6.4.1 General .104
6.4.2 Active antennas.104
7 Performance requirements at home network interfaces of cable networks . 104
7.1 Introduction .104
7.2 Requirements at HNI1 for passive coaxial home networks. 106
7.2.1 General .106
7.2.2 Carrier levels at the HNI1 .106
7.2.3 Mutual isolation between two HNI1 .108
7.2.4 Frequency response within any television channel at the HNI1 .109
7.2.5 Long-term frequency stability of distributed carrier signals at HNI1. 110
7.2.6 Random noise at the HNI1.110
7.2.7 Interference to television channels at the HNI1.110
7.2.8 Return path requirements at the HNI1 .111
7.3 Requirements at HNI2 for active coaxial home networks . 111
7.3.1 Carrier levels at the HNI2 .111
7.3.2 Mutual isolation between two HNI2 .113

60728-1 © IEC:2007(E) – 5 –
7.3.3 Frequency response within any television channel at the HNI2 .113
7.3.4 Long-term frequency stability of distributed carrier signals at HNI2. 114
7.3.5 Random noise at HNI2.114
7.3.6 Interference to television channels at the HNI2.116
7.3.7 Return path requirements at the HNI2 .117
7.4 Requirements at HNI3 and at system outlet or terminal input when the home
network is mainly of balanced type .118
7.4.1 Introduction .118
7.4.2 Requirements at HNI3 .118
7.4.3 Requirements at system output .118
7.4.4 Additional requirements at HNI3 for upstream transmission . 119
7.5 Requirements at HNI3 (Case C) . 119
7.6 Requirements at HNI3 (Case D) . 119

Annex A (normative) Calibration of modulation depth.120
Annex B (normative) Equipment required – Additional items . 121
Annex C (normative) Preliminary checks on the measuring equipment for carrier-to-
noise ratio.122
Annex D (normative) Correction factors .123
Annex E (normative) Calibration of the measuring receiver .124
Annex F (normative) Correction factors for noise .125
Annex G (normative) Null packet and PRBS definitions.127
Annex H (normative) Digital signal level and bandwidth . 129
Annex I (normative) Correction factor for a spectrum analyser . 132
Annex J (informative) Differences in some countries. 133
Annex K (informative) Examples of home network implementation .143

Bibliography.151

Figure 1 – Example of a master antenna television system (MATV) for terrestrial
reception .12
Figure 2 – Example of the headend of a master antenna television system for satellite
(SMATV) reception .13
Figure 3 – Example of a master antenna television system for terrestrial and satellite
(SMATV) reception .13
Figure 4 – Example of a cabled distribution system for television and sound signals.14
Figure 5 – System model for downstream direction of a cable network for television
and sound signals (CATV) .15
Figure 6 – Arrangement of test equipment for measurement of mutual isolation
between system outlets .35
Figure 7 – Arrangement of test equipment for measurement of frequency response
within a channel.37
Figure 8 – Interpretation of displays for measurement of frequency response within a
channel.38
Figure 9 – Test signal (signal F for 625-line systems) employed for
chrominance/luminance gain and delay inequality.39
Figure 10 – Test signal (signal B2 for 625-line systems) employed for
chrominance/luminance gain and delay inequality.39

– 6 – 60728-1 © IEC:2007(E)
Figure 11 – Arrangement of test equipment for measurement of
chrominance/luminance gain and delay inequality.40
Figure 12 – Displayed pulses: chrominance low and lagging.41
Figure 13 – Displayed pulses: chrominance high and leading .41
Figure 14 – Connection of test equipment for the measurement of non-linear distortion
by composite beat.43
Figure 15 – Weighting curve for 625-line system B, G and D1 (PAL): CW interference
with no special (frequency offset) control .45
Figure 16 – Weighting curve for 625-line system I (PAL): CW interference with no
special (frequency offset) control .45
Figure 17 – Weighting curve for 625-line systems D and K (PAL): CW interference
with no special (frequency offset) control .46
Figure 18 – Weighting curve for 625-line system L (SECAM): CW interference with no
special (frequency offset) control .46
Figure 19 – Hum modulation envelope (x = percentage peak-to-peak hum modulation).47
Figure 20 – Calibrated potential divider.48
Figure 21 – Stable variable DC source.48
Figure 23 – Oscilloscope display.49
Figure 24 – Connection of equipment for hum modulation measurement (AC method) .51
Figure 25 – Signal D2 .52
Figure 26 – Example of the modified staircase waveform .53
Figure 27 – Arrangement of test equipment for measurement of differential gain and
phase .54
Figure 28 – Arrangement of test equipment for carrier-to-noise ratio measurement.57
Figure 29 – Echo rating graticule .59
Figure 30 – Arrangement of test equipment for measurement of echo rating .60
Figure 31 – I/Q signal source and RF modulator .63
Figure 32 – Reference receiver.64
Figure 33 – Test set-up for BER measurement.68
Figure 34 – Test set-up for BER measurement versus E /N or C/N and noise margin
b 0
measurement.70
Figure 35 – Example of BER measurement versus E /N .72
b 0
Fgure 36 – Example of BER measurement versus C/N .72
Figure 37 – Test set-up for modulation error ratio (MER) measurement and phase
jitter measurement .75
Figure 38 – Example of constellation diagram for a 64 QAM modulation format .76
Figure 39 – Example of constellation diagram for a 64 QAM modulation format with
arc sections due to phase jitter .78
Figure 40 – Test set-up for phase noise measurement.79
Figure 41 – Example of mask for phase noise measurements: PSK, APSK and QAM
formats .81
Figure 42 – Example of mask for phase noise measurements: OFDM format .81
Figure 43 – Home network types used to define the requirements at HNIi (coaxial).105
Figure A.1 – Calibration of modulation depth .120
Figure F.1 – Noise correction factor CF versus measured level difference D.126

60728-1 © IEC:2007(E) – 7 –
Figure J.1 – Mask group delay characteristic for PAL signals with FM-FM sound
(Netherlands).135
Figure J.2 – Single-frequency interference (VSB-AM NTSC) (Japan) . 136
Figure J.3 – Single-frequency interference (VSB-AM HDTV) (Japan) . 137
Figure J.4 – Single-frequency interference (64 QAM digital) (Japan). 137
Figure J.5 – Requirement for echo loss in relation to the time delay of the reflected
signal (Netherlands).138
Figure J.6 – Echoes (VSB-AM NTSC) (Japan) .139
Figure J.7 – Echoes (FM NTSC) (Japan) .139
Figure J.8 – Echoes (FM HDTV) (Japan) .140
Figure J.9 – Echoes (VSB-AM HDTV) (Japan) .140
Figure J.10 – Echoes (64 QAM digital) (Japan) .141
Figure K.1 – Examples of HNI.145

Table 1 – Application of the methods of measurement .33
Table 2 – Residual carrier reduction factors .50
Table 3 – Frequency distance f .81
m
Table 4 – Carrier signal levels at any system outlet .83
Table 5 – Maximum level differences at any system outlet between distributed
television channels .84
Table 6 – Mutual isolation .85
Table 7 – Residual carrier level at television or FM radio output within the same outlet
or between two different outlets .
...