EN 61482-1-1:2009

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.QRVWMRRþDQMHArbeiten unter Spannung - Schutzkleidung gegen die thermischen Gefahren eines Lichtbogens – Teil 1-1: Prüfverfahren – Verfahren 1 - Bestimmung der Lichtbogenkennwerte (ATPV oder EBT50) von nicht entflammbaren BekleidungsstoffenTravaux sous tension - Vêtements de protection contre les dangers thermiques d’un arc électrique -- Partie 1-1: Méthodes d'essai - Méthode 1 - Détermination de la caractéristique d'arc (ATPV ou EBT50) de matériaux résistant à la flamme pour vêtementLive working - Protective clothing against the thermal hazards of an electric arc -- Part 1-1: Test methods - Method 1 - Determination of the arc rating (ATPV or EBT50) of flame resistant materials for clothing13.340.10Varovalna oblekaProtective clothing13.260Protection against electric shock. Live workingICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 61482-1-1:2009SIST EN 61482-1-1:2009en,fr01-oktober-2009SIST EN 61482-1-1:2009SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST-TS CLC/TS 61482-1:20041DGRPHãþD

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 61482-1-1 NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM July 2009
CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
Central Secretariat: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels
© 2009 CENELEC -
All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 61482-1-1:2009 E
ICS 13.220.40; 29.260 Supersedes CLC/TS 61482-1:2003
English version
Live working -
Protective clothing against the thermal hazards of an electric arc -
Part 1-1: Test methods -
Method 1: Determination of the arc rating (ATPV or EBT50)
of flame resistant materials for clothing (IEC 61482-1-1:2009)
Travaux sous tension -
Vêtements de protection contre les dangers thermiques d’un arc électrique - Partie 1-1: Méthodes d'essai -
Méthode 1: Détermination
de la caractéristique d'arc
(ATPV ou EBT50) de matériaux
résistant à la flamme pour vêtements (CEI 61482-1-1:2009)
Arbeiten unter Spannung -
Schutzkleidung gegen thermische Gefahren eines Lichtbogens -
Teil 1-1: Prüfverfahren -
Verfahren 1: Bestimmung
der Lichtbogenkennwerte
(ATPV oder EBT50) von schwer entflammbaren Bekleidungsstoffen (IEC 61482-1-1:2009)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2009-06-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 61482-1-1:2009

Foreword The text of document 78/793/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 61482-1-1, prepared by IEC TC 78, Live working, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 61482-1-1 on 2009-06-01. This European Standard supersedes CLC/TS 61482-1:2003. EN 61482-1-1:2009 includes the following significant technical change with respect to CLC/TS 61482-1:2003: –
addition of a detailed analysis of the sensor response. The following dates were fixed: – latest date by which the EN has to be implemented
at national level by publication of an identical
national standard or by endorsement
(dop)
2010-03-01 – latest date by which the national standards conflicting
with the EN have to be withdrawn
(dow)
2012-06-01 Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC. __________ Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 61482-1-1:2009 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification. In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated: IEC 61482-1-2 NOTE
Harmonized as EN 61482-1-2:2007 (not modified). ISO 5077 NOTE
Harmonized as EN ISO 5077:2008 (not modified). __________
- 3 - EN 61482-1-1:2009 Annex ZA (normative)
Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE
When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD applies.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
ISO 3175-2 -1) Textiles - Professional care, drycleaning and wetcleaning of fabrics and garments -
Part 2: Procedure for testing performance when cleaning and finishing using tetrachloroethene EN ISO 3175-2 19982)
ISO 6330 -1) Textiles - Domestic washing and drying procedures for textile testing EN ISO 6330 20002)
ISO 9151 -1) Protective clothing against heat and flame - Determination of heat transmission on exposure to flame - -
ISO 15025 2000 Protective clothing - Protection against heat and flame - Method of test for limited flame spread EN ISO 15025 2002
1) Undated reference. 2) Valid edition at date of issue. SIST EN 61482-1-1:2009

IEC 61482-1-1Edition 1.0 2009-05INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALELive working – Protective clothing against the thermal hazards of an electric
arc –
Part 1-1: Test methods – Method 1: Determination of the arc rating (ATPV or EBT50) of flame resistant materials for clothing
Travaux sous tension – Vêtements de protection contre les dangers thermiques d’un arc électrique – Partie 1-1: Méthodes d’essai – Méthode 1: Détermination de la caractéristique d’arc (ATPV ou EBT50) de matériaux résistant à la flamme pour vêtements
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION COMMISSION ELECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE XICS 13.220.40; 29.260 PRICE CODECODE PRIXISBN 2-8318-1042-3
– 2 – 61482-1-1 © IEC:2009 CONTENTS FOREWORD.4 1 Scope.6 2 Normative references.6 3 Terms, definitions and symbols.7 3.1 Terms and definitions.7 3.2 Symbols and units.11 4 Principle of the test methods.11 4.1 Test method A.11 4.2 Test method B.12 5 Significance and use of the test methods.12 6 Test apparatus.12 6.1 General.12 6.2 Method A – Arrangement of the two-sensor panels.13 6.3 Method A – Panel construction.14 6.4 Method B – Arrangement of the mannequins.15 6.5 Method B – Mannequin construction.17 6.6 Sensor response.18 6.7 Calorimeter construction.18 6.8 Supply bus and electrodes.20 6.8.1 General.20 6.8.2 Electrodes.21 6.8.3 Fuse wire.22 6.9 Electric supply.22 6.10 Test-circuit control.22 6.11 Data acquisition system.22 7 Precautions.22 8 Specimen preparation.23 8.1 Test specimens.23 8.1.1 Test specimens for method A: two-sensor panel test.23 8.1.2 Test specimens for method B: four-sensor mannequin.23 8.2 Laundry conditioning of test specimens.23 9 Calibration.23 9.1 Data acquisition system precalibration.23 9.2 Calorimeter calibration check.23 9.3 Arc exposure and apparatus calibration for the two-sensor panels and the monitoring sensors.24 9.3.1 Test apparatus.24 9.3.2 Positioning of the two-sensor panels, mannequins and monitoring sensors.24 9.3.3 Apparatus calibration for the two-sensor panels and monitoring sensors.24 9.4 Confirmation of test apparatus setting.24 10 Test apparatus care and maintenance.25 10.1 Surface reconditioning.25 10.2 Care of sensor panels and mannequins.25 10.3 Care of electrodes.25 SIST EN 61482-1-1:2009

61482-1-1 © IEC:2009 – 3 – 11 Test procedures.25 11.1 Test parameters.25 11.2 Sequence of tests.25 11.2.1 Panels.25 11.2.2 Mannequins.25 11.2.3 Test criteria.25 11.3 Initial temperature.26 11.4 Specimen mounting.26 11.4.1 Method A panels.26 11.4.2 Method B mannequins.27 11.5 Specimen characteristics.27 11.6 Test protocol.28 12 Interpretation of results.28 12.1 Heat transfer.28 12.1.1 Determining time zero.28 12.1.2 Plotting sensor response.28 12.1.3 Sensor response versus Stoll curve.30 12.1.4 Determination of heat attenuation factor (HAF).32 12.2 Determination of breakopen threshold energy, EBT50.33 12.3 Arc rating.33 12.4 Visual inspection.33 13 Test report.34 Annex A (normative)
Measurement of char length.36 Annex B (informative)
Logistic regression technique.37 Annex C (informative)
Heat attenuation factor.39 Bibliography.40
Figure 1 – Method A – Arrangement of three two-sensor panels with monitoring sensors (plan view).13 Figure 2 – Method A – Two-sensor panel (face view) with monitoring sensors.14 Figure 3 – Method A – Sliding two-sensor panel.15 Figure 4 – Supply bus and arc electrodes showing the position of mannequin(s) and monitoring sensors.16 Figure 5 – Positioning of electrodes and monitoring sensors.17 Figure 6 – Four-sensor mannequin, front view.18 Figure 7 – Calorimeter and thermocouple details.19 Figure 8 – Typical installation of the copper sensor mounted in the panel and the calorimeter mounted in the monitoring sensor.20 Figure 9 – Example of supply bus and arc electrodes for panels.21 Figure 10 – Typical material clamping assembly.27 Figure 11 – Typical sensor temperature-rise curve with time scale and baseline correction.29
Table 1 – Human tissue tolerance to heat, second-degree burn [1].31 Table A.1 – Total tearing load.36 SIST EN 61482-1-1:2009

– 4 – 61482-1-1 © IEC:2009 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION ____________
LIVE WORKING –
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING AGAINST THE THERMAL
HAZARDS OF AN ELECTRIC ARC –
Part 1-1: Test methods –
Method 1: Determination of the arc rating
(ATPV or EBT50) of flame resistant materials for clothing
FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user. 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication. 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication. 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard IEC 61482-1-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 78: Live working. This standard cancels and replaces IEC 61482-1:2002. It constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to IEC 61482-1:
– addition of a detailed analysis of the sensor response. SIST EN 61482-1-1:2009

61482-1-1 © IEC:2009 – 5 – The text of this standard is based on the following documents: FDIS Report on voting 78/793/FDIS 78/805/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. A list of all parts of the IEC 61482 series can be found, under the general title Live working – Protective clothing against the thermal hazards of an electric arc, on the IEC website. The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed; • withdrawn; • replaced by a revised edition; or • amended.
– 6 – 61482-1-1 © IEC:2009 LIVE WORKING –
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING AGAINST THE THERMAL
HAZARDS OF AN ELECTRIC ARC –
Part 1-1: Test methods –
Method 1: Determination of the arc rating
(ATPV or EBT50) of flame resistant materials for clothing
1 Scope This part of IEC 61482 specifies test methods to measure the arc thermal performance value of materials intended for use in heat- and flame-resistant clothing for workers exposed to the thermal effects of electric arcs and the function of garments using these materials. These test methods measure the arc thermal performance value of materials which meet the following requirements: less than 100 mm char length and less than 2 s afterflame after removal from flame, when tested in accordance with ISO 15025, procedure B (bottom-edge ignition) on the outer material, and the char length measured using a modified ISO method as described in Annex A. These methods are used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, assemblies or garments, in response to convective and radiant energy generated by an electric arc in open air under controlled laboratory conditions.
The materials used in these methods are in the form of flat specimens for method A and garments for method B.
Method A is used to determine the arc rating of materials and material assemblies when tested in a flat configuration.
Method B is used to measure garment response, not arc rating, to an arc exposure including all the garment findings, sewing thread, fastenings, fabrics and other accessories when tested on a male mannequin torso. Method B is also used for accident replication. It is the responsibility of the user of this part of IEC 61482 to establish appropriate safety and health practices prior to use. For specific precautions, see Clause 7. The test methods in this part of IEC 61482 are not directed to classify by protection classes. Methods determining protection classes are prescribed in IEC 61482-1-2. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 3175-2, Textiles – Professional care, drycleaning and wetcleaning of fabrics and garments – Part 2: Procedure for testing performance when cleaning and finishing using tetrachloroethene ISO 6330, Textiles – Domestic washing and drying procedures for textile testing SIST EN 61482-1-1:2009

61482-1-1 © IEC:2009 – 7 – ISO 9151, Protective clothing against heat and flame – Determination of heat transmission on exposure to flame ISO 15025:2000, Protective clothing – Protection against heat and flame – Method of test for limited flame spread 3 Terms, definitions and symbols For the purposes of this document, the following terms, definitions and symbols apply. NOTE For definitions of other textile terms related to the topic, see ASTM D-123 [7]1).
3.1 Terms and definitions 3.1.1
arc duration time duration of the arc NOTE Arc duration is expressed in s. 3.1.2
arc energy Warc electrical energy supplied to the arc and converted in the arc; sum of the instantaneous arc voltage values multiplied by the instantaneous arc current values multiplied by the incremental time values during the arc duration NOTE Arc energy is expressed in kJ or kW·s. 3.1.3
arc gap distance between the arc electrodes NOTE Arc gap is expressed in mm. 3.1.4
arc rating value attributed to materials or material systems that describes their performance to exposure to an electrical arc discharge NOTE The arc rating is expressed in kW·s/m2 – or optionally in cal/cm2 – and is derived from the determined value of ATPV or EBT50 (should a material or material system exhibit a breakopen response below the ATPV value). 3.1.5
arc thermal performance value (ATPV) in arc testing, the incident energy on a material or a multilayer system of materials that results in a 50% probability that sufficient heat transfer through the tested specimen is predicted to cause the onset of a second degree skin burn injury based on the Stoll curve, without breakopen
NOTE ATPV is expressed in kJ/m2 or kW·s/m2 (cal/cm2). 3.1.6
arc voltage voltage across the arc NOTE Arc voltage is expressed in V. ————————— 1)
Figures in square brackets refer to the bibliography. SIST EN 61482-1-1:2009

– 8 – 61482-1-1 © IEC:2009 3.1.7
asymmetrical arc current total arc current produced during closure; it includes a direct component and a symmetrical component NOTE Asymmetrical arc current is expressed in A. 3.1.8
breakopen in electric arc testing, material response evidenced by the formation of one or more openings in the material which may allow flame to pass through the material NOTE 1 The specimen is considered to exhibit breakopen when any opening is at least 300 mm2 in area or at least 25 mm in any dimension. A single thread across the opening does not reduce the size of the hole for the purposes of this part of IEC 61482.
NOTE 2 A multilayer specimen is considered to exhibit breakopen when all layers show formation of one or more openings. 3.1.9
breakopen threshold energy EBT50 incident energy on a fabric or material that results in a 50 % probability that sufficient heat transfer through the tested specimen is predicted to cause the tested specimen to break open NOTE The breakopen threshold energy is expressed in kJ/m2 or kW·s/m2 (cal/cm2). 3.1.10
burning time time for which a flame is visible after exposure to arc NOTE Burning time is expressed in s. 3.1.11
calorimeter device for measuring the heat flux and incident energy 3.1.12
charring formation of carbonaceous residue as the result of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion 3.1.13
closure point on supply current waveform where the arc is initiated 3.1.14
clothing assembly of garments worn by workers 3.1.15
delta peak temperature
ΔTp difference between the maximum temperature and the initial temperature of the sensor during the test exposure time NOTE Delta peak temperature is expressed in °C. 3.1.16
dripping material response evidenced by flowing of the fibre polymer SIST EN 61482-1-1:2009

61482-1-1 © IEC:2009 – 9 – 3.1.17
electric arc
self-maintained gas conduction for which most of the charge carriers are electrons supplied by primary-electron emission [IEV 121-13-12] NOTE During live working, the electric arc is generated by gas ionisation arising from an unintentional electrical conducting connection or breakdown between live parts or a live part and the earth path of an electrical installation or an electrical device. During testing, the electric arc is initiated by the blowing of a fuse wire. 3.1.18
embrittlement formation of a brittle residue as the result of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion 3.1.19
exposure time shortly before, during and for 30 s after an arc thermal exposure has been initiated 3.1.20
garment single item of clothing which may consists of single or multiple layers 3.1.21
heat attenuation factor (HAF) per cent of the incident energy which is blocked by a material at an incident energy level equal to ATPV 3.1.22
heat flux q thermal intensity of an electric arc indicated by the amount of energy transmitted per unit surface area and time NOTE Heat flux is expressed in kW/m2. 3.1.23
ignition initiation of combustion 3.1.24
incident energy Ei heat energy (total heat) received at a unit surface area as a result of an electric arc NOTE 1 The heat energy is measured as a proportional peak temperature rise ΔTp of a calorimeter sensor. NOTE 2 Incident energy is expressed in kJ/m2 or kW·s/m2 (cal/cm2). NOTE 3 In an arc test, incident energy for a specimen is determined from the average temperature-rise response of the two monitoring sensors adjacent to the test specimen. 3.1.25
material fabric or other substances of which the garment is made, this may consist of single or multiple layers SIST EN 61482-1-1:2009

– 10 – 61482-1-1 © IEC:2009 3.1.26
material response subjective observation of the reaction of the material to an electric arc indicated by the following characteristics: burning time (after flame, ignition), breakopen, melting, dripping, charring, embrittlement, shrinkage
3.1.27
melting material response evidenced by softening and deformation of the fibre polymer 3.1.28
mix zone
range of incident energies, which can result in either a positive or negative outcome for predicted second-degree burn injury, breakopen or underlayer ignition NOTE 1 The low value of the range begins with the lowest incident energy indicating a positive result, and the high value of the range is the highest incident energy indicating a negative result. NOTE 2 A mix zone is established when the highest incident energy with a negative result is greater than the lowest incident energy with a positive result. 3.1.29
monitoring sensor monitor sensor sensor mounted on each side of the panel or mannequin, using the calorimeters not covered by test specimen and used to measure incident energy 3.1.30
peak arc current maximum value of the a.c. arc current NOTE Peak arc current is expressed in A. 3.1.31
protective clothing clothing which covers or replaces personal clothing, and which is designed to provide protection against one or more hazards [Definition 3.4 of ISO 13688 [6]] 3.1.32
r.m.s. arc current root mean square of the a.c. arc current NOTE RMS arc current is expressed in A.
3.1.33
sensor assembly with a calorimeter and a non-conductive heat-resistant material in which the calorimeter is mounted 3.1.34
shrinkage material response evidenced by reduction in specimen size 3.1.35
Stoll curve curve of thermal energy and time produced from data on human tissue tolerance to heat and used to predict the onset of second-degree burn injury NOTE See Table 1 and Equation (5). SIST EN 61482-1-1:2009

61482-1-1 © IEC:2009 – 11 – 3.1.36
time to delta peak temperature tmax time from beginning of the initiation of the arc to the time the delta peak temperature is reached NOTE Time to delta peak temperature is expressed in s. 3.1.37
X/R ratio ratio of system inductive reactance to resistance NOTE The X/R ratio is proportional to the L/R ratio of time constant, and is, therefore, indicative of the rate of decay of any d.c. offset. A large X/R ratio corresponds to a large time constant and a slow rate of decay. 3.2 Symbols and units
ATPV arc thermal performance value kW·s/m2 (see incident energy) Cp heat capacity J/g °C EBT50 breakopen threshold energy kW·s/m2 (see incident energy) Ei incident energy
kJ/m2 or kW·s/m2
Etransmitted transmitted energy
kJ/m2 or kW·s/m2 HAF heat attenuation factor
haf HAF data point
Q Heat energy J/cm2
q heat flux kW/m2 T measured temperature °C t time
s Warc
arc energy
kJ, kW·s NOTE
1 J/g °K = 4,186 8 cal/g °K
1 kJ/m2
= 1 kW.s/m2
= 0,1 J/cm2 = 0,023 885 cal/cm2
1 cal/cm2 = 41,868 kJ/m2 = 41,868 kW.s/m2 = 4,186 8 J/cm2 4 Principle of the test methods 4.1 Test method A The test method A specified in this standard determines the incident energy which would predict a second-degree burn injury when the material(s) is (are) exposed to heat energy from an electric arc. During the tests, the amount of heat energy transferred by the material(s) is measured during and after exposure to an electric arc.
The heat flux of the exposure and that transferred by the test specimen(s) are both measured with copper slug calorimeter sensors. The change in temperature versus time is used, along with the known thermo-physical properties of copper, to determine the respective heat energies delivered to and through the specimens. SIST EN 61482-1-1:2009

– 12 – 61482-1-1 © IEC:2009 Material performance for this procedure is determined from the amount of heat transferred by the specimen(s). Heat transfer data is used to predict the onset of a second-degree burn using the Stoll curve. The procedures incorporate incident-energy monitoring sensors. Material response shall be further described by recording the observed effects of the electric arc exposure on the specimens and using the terms given in 3.1.26. 4.2 Test method B The test method B specified in this standard is used for evaluation of protective clothing design or accident replication. Garments shall be evaluated with findings, pockets and closures positioned as manufactured, but no arc rating can be reported due to the impact of garment design such as pocketing and multilayer closures on the heat transfer to the sensors. 5 Significance and use of the test methods The test method A measures the arc thermal performance value of materials intended for use in flame-resistant clothing for workers exposed to electric arcs. The test method is intended for the determination of the thermal performance value of a material by itself or in comparison with other materials.
Because of the variability of the arc exposure, different heat transmission values may result for individual sensors. The results of each sensor shall be evaluated in accordance with Clause 12. The test method B specified in this standard is used for evaluation of protective clothing design. Garments made of materials or material systems previously tested according to method A, shall be first tested as panels following method A. Then the garment using materials previously tested are tested following method B. The test methods maintain the specimen in a static vertical position and do not involve movement, except that resulting from the exposure. The test methods specify a standard set of exposure conditions. Different exposure conditions may produce different results. In addition to the standard set of exposure conditions, other conditions representative of the expected hazard may be used. 6 Test apparatus 6.1 General The test apparatus shall consist of the following elements: − supply bus; − arc controller; − recorder or data acquisition system; − arc electrodes; − three two-sensor panels (method A) or one to three four-sensor mannequins (method B); − monitoring sensors for each panel or mannequin. SIST EN 61482-1-1:2009

61482-1-1 © IEC:2009 – 13 – 6.2 Method A – Arrangement of the two-sensor panels Three two-sensor panels shall be used for each test and spaced at 120° as shown in Figure 1. In addition, each two-sensor panel shall have two monitoring sensors. One monitoring sensor shall be positioned on each side of the two-sensor panel as shown in Figure 2. Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 Monitoring sensor Figure 1 – Method A – Arrangement of three two-sensor panels with monitoring sensors (plan view) IEC
801/09 SIST EN 61482-1-1:2009
– 14 – 61482-1-1 © IEC:2009
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 Monitoring sensor 2 Sensor Figure 2 – Method A – Two-sensor panel (face view) with monitoring sensors 6.3 Method A – Panel construction Each two-sensor panel and monitoring sensor holder shall be constructed from non-conductive, heat-resistant material (for example, Marinite A, asbestos-free “Transite” Board, oven insulation). Each two-sensor panel shall be 200 mm by a minimum of 550 mm as shown in Figure 2. Each two-sensor panel and the monitoring sensors shall be adjustable from 200 mm to 600 mm from the centre line of the arc electrodes as shown in Figures 1 and 3. Two sensors shall be mounted in the panel as shown in Figure 2. Each sensor shall be mounted flush with the surface of the panel. IEC
802/09 SIST EN 61482-1-1:2009
61482-1-1 © IEC:2009 – 15 – Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 Monitoring sensor 3 Electrode 2 Sensor 4 Movable two-sensor panel mounted in insulating stand 5 Slide system provided by user shall include method to maintain alignment and locking device Figure 3 – Method A – Sliding two-sensor panel 6.4 Method B – Arrangement of the mannequins Up to three four-sensor mannequins shall be used for each test and spaced at a minimum of 120° as shown in Figure 4. Each mannequin shall have two monitoring sensors. One monitoring sensor shall be positioned on each side of the mannequin (and not fixed on the mannequin) as shown in Figures 4 and 5.
NOTE The space around the arc electrodes may dictate the number of mannequins used. It has been found that two mannequins provide the best working space when dressing the mannequins. The minimum 120° spacing should be maintained. IEC
803/09SIST EN 61482-1-1:2009
– 16 – 61482-1-1 © IEC:2009
Front view Top view Key 1 Monitoring sensor 2 Additional mannequin position Figure 4 – Supply bus and arc electrodes showing the position of mannequin(s) and monitoring sensors IEC
804/09IEC
805/09SIST EN 61482-1-1:2009
61482-1-1 © IEC:2009 – 17 – Dimensions in millimetres
Key 1 Monitoring sensor 2 Electrode Figure 5 – Positioning of electrodes and monitoring sensors
6.5 Method B – Mannequin construction
A male mannequin torso, size large, chest width (circumference: 1 067 mm ± 25 mm), made from non-conductive fibreglass construction with a high temperature resin or other non-conductive, non-flammable high temperature materials shall be used. NOTE For clothing size measurements see also ISO 13688 [6]. The mannequin shall be constructed in an erect posture. The head may be removable; the arms shall be detachable, straight and mounted in a vertical position to allow the test specimen at the chest to be the closest point to the centre line of the arc. The arms may be shortened to 100 mm to permit ease of specimen mounting. The mannequin shall use the sensors described in Figures 7a and 7b and mounted as shown in Figure 6. IEC
806/09SIST EN 61482-1-1:2009
– 18 – 61482-1-1 © IEC:2009 Dimensions in millimetres
Figure 6 – Four-sensor mannequin, front view 6.6 Sensor response Sensor response shall be compared with the Stoll curve. Monitoring sensor response is converted to incident energy in units of kW·s/m2 by multiplying the temperature increase (ΔT) by a factor based on the copper sensor mass, exposed sensor surface area, and temperature corrected heat capacity of copper as described in 12.1.2.2 to 12.1.2.5. 6.7 Calorimeter construction The calorimeter shall be constructed from electrical grade copper with one thermocouple wire installed in the arrangement as shown in Figure 7a. The thermocouple wire shall be installed in the calorimeter as shown in Figure 7b. Figure 8 gives a typical installation of the copper sensor mounted in the panel and the calorimeter mounted in the monitoring sensor. For test exposures above 2 512 kW·s/m2 only, alternate calorimeters for the monitoring sensors may be used, provided they are calibrated and have an appropriate response.
The exposed surface of the copper calorimeters shall be painted with a thin coating of a flat black high temperature spray paint with an emissivity of >0,9. The painted sensor shall be dried before use and present a uniformly applied coating (no visual thick spots or surface irregularities).
NOTE An external heat source, for example an external heat lamp, may be required to completely drive off any remaining organic carriers in a freshly painted surface. For all parameters not defined in this standard, refer to ISO 9151 for a description of calorimeter construction.
IEC
807/09 SIST EN 61482-1-1:2009
61482-1-1 © IEC:2009 – 19 –
Key
1 Sensor of electrical grade copper, of 40 mm diameter 2 Thermocouple location
The central hole shall have a diameter of 1,2 mm and a depth of 1,3 mm. Figure 7a – Installation of the thermocouple in the calorimeter
Key
1 Separate thermocouple wires 2 Position a thermocouple with total outer diameter of 0,254 mm. The plug shall be pressed into the hole such as to fill it up completely. The separation point of the thermocouple wires shall be at the surface of the copper disk, as shown in the drawing. Figure 7b – Thermocouple wire installation – Hole detail and method of securing thermocouple Figure 7 – Calorimeter and thermocouple details
IEC
808/09IEC
809/09 SIST EN 61482-1-1:2009
– 20 – 61482-1-1 © IEC:2009
Key 1 Electrical grade copper disk of 18 g , Å 40 mm, 1,6 mm thick, (pinned in place) 4 Hole of 3,2 mm diameter 2 Insulation board, minimum thickness ~1,3 cm 5 Ledge, 1,6 mm
× 1,6 mm 3 Type K (NiCr - NiAl) or
Type J (Fe - CuNi) thermocouple 6 Signal to data acquisition Figure 8 – Typical installation of the copper sensor mounted in the panel and the calorimeter mounted in the monitoring sensor 6.8 Supply bus and electrodes 6.8.1 General The arrangement of the supply bus and arc electrodes is shown in Figure 9. This figure gives an example of a structural arrangement of aluminium bus which is designed to reduce the electromagnetic forces on the arc and thus centres the rotation of the arc along the centre line between the electrodes. The arc shall be in a vertical position as shown. IEC
810/09 SIST EN 61482-1-1:2009
61482-1-1 © IEC:2009 – 21 –
Key 1 Coaxial bus supply 5 Panel 2 Bus 6 Insulating stand 3 Electrode
7 Insulator 4 Sensor
Figure 9 – Example of supply bus and arc electrodes for panels 6.8.2 Electrodes The electrodes are made from a stainless steel rod (alloy type UNS-S30300 or type UNS-S30400) of a suitable diameter and length which are practical for the test energies being utilized. IEC
811/09 SIST EN 61482-1-1:2009
– 22 – 61482-1-1 © IEC:2009 6.8.3 Fuse wire A fuse wire, connecting the ends of opposing electrodes tips, is used to initiate the arc. This wire is consumed during the test; therefore, its mass shall be very small to reduce the chance of molten metal burns. The fuse wire shall be a copper wire with a nominal diameter of 0,5 mm. 6.9 Electric supply The electric supply shall be sufficient to allow for the discharge of an electric arc initiated with a fuse wire, across a gap of up to 305 mm, with alternating arc current of 8 kA ±1 kA and with arc duration from 0,05 s up to 1,5 s from a power-frequency supply, and a voltage sufficient to maintain the arc for the whole duration of
the test. Voltage of 2 000 V has proven to be sufficient. The source impedance shall be much higher than the arc impedance so that the r.m.s. current does not vary during the test. The X/R ratio of the test circuit shall be such that the test current contains a d.c. component resulting in the first peak of the test current having a magnitude of 2,3 times the symmetrical r.m.s. value. 6.10 Test-circuit control Repeated exposures of the arc currents shall not deviate more than 2 % per test from the selected test level. The make switch shall be capable of point on wave closing within 0,2 cycles from test to test such that the closing angle will produce maximum asymmetrical current with an X/R ratio of the test circuit as stated in 6.9. The arc current, duration, and voltage shall be measured. The arc current, duration, voltage and energy shall be displayed in graph form and stored in digital format. 6.11 Data acquisition system The system shall be capable of recording voltage, current and sufficient calorimeter outputs as required by the test. The temperature data (copper calorimeter outputs) shall be acquired at a minimum sampling rate of 20 samples per second per calorimeter. The acquisition system shall be able to record temperatures to 400 °C. The temperature acquisition system shall have at least a resolution of 0,1 °C and an accuracy of ±0,75 °C. It shall be capable of making cold junction correctio
...