EN 12999:2011
(Main)Cranes - Loader cranes
Cranes - Loader cranes
This European Standard specifies minimum requirements for design, calculation, examinations and tests of hydraulic powered loader cranes and their mountings on vehicles or static foundations.
This European Standard does not apply to loader cranes used on board ships or floating structures or to articulated boom system cranes which are designed as total integral parts of special equipment such as forwarders.
The hazards covered by this standard are identified in Clause 4.
This European Standard does not cover hazards related to the lifting of persons.
This European Standard is not applicable to loader cranes which are manufactured before the date of its publication as EN.
NOTE The use of cranes for lifting of persons can be subject to specific national regulations.
Krane - Ladekrane
Diese Europäische Norm legt die Mindestanforderungen für Gestaltung, Berechnung, Untersuchungen und Prüfungen von hydraulisch angetriebenen Ladekranen und ihre Montage auf Fahrzeuge oder ortsfeste Unterkonstruktion fest.
Diese Europäische Norm gilt nicht für Ladekrane auf Schiffen oder schwimmenden Konstruktionen sowie Krane mit Knickauslegersystem, die vollständig als integraler Bestandteil einer speziellen Ausrüstung, wie z. B. Rückfahrzeug (Forwarder), ausgelegt sind.
Die Gefährdungen, die von dieser Europäischen Norm behandelt sind, sind in Abschnitt 4 aufgeführt.
Diese Europäische Norm behandelt nicht die Gefährdungen, die beim Heben von Personen auftreten.
Diese Europäische Norm gilt nicht für Ladekrane, die vor dem Datum der Veröffentlichung dieser Norm als EN hergestellt wurden.
ANMERKUNG Die Verwendung von Kranen für das Heben von Personen kann besonderen nationalen Vorschriften unterliegen.
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Grues de chargement
La présente Norme européenne spécifie les prescriptions minimales relatives à la conception, au calcul, aux examens et aux essais des grues de chargement hydrauliques et à leur montage sur des véhicules ou massifs pour montage à poste fixe.
La présente Norme européenne ne s'applique pas aux grues de chargement utilisées à bord des navires ou structures flottantes et aux appareils de levage à charge suspendue à flèche articulée qui sont conçus comme faisant partie intégrante d’un équipement spécial tel que des débardeuses.
Les phénomènes dangereux couverts par la présente norme européenne sont identifiés à l'Article 4.
La présente Norme européenne ne couvre pas les phénomènes dangereux relatifs au levage de personnes.
La présente Norme s’applique aux grues de chargement fabriquées après la date d'approbation de cette norme par le CEN.
NOTE L’utilisation d’appareils de levage pour le levage de personnes peut être soumise à des réglementations nationales spécifiques.
Dvigala (žerjavi) - Nakladalni žerjavi
Standard ima zdaj dve dopolnili. Pri delu z drugim dopolnilom je postalo jasno, da je treba izboljšati številna področja, ki so zunaj njegovega področja uporabe. Nekatere določbe so nejasne in nekaterih niti ni mogoče izpolniti. Razvile so se sodobne tehnologije, kar bi moral standard odražati. Celoten standard je treba pregledati, tako da se izločijo pomanjkljivosti in se standard posodobi glede na razvoj drugih standardov in sodobno tehnologijo. Nekatera še zlasti zanimiva področja so:
- 5.4 mehanske postavitve;
- 5.5 hidravlični sistem;
- 5.6 omejevalne in kazalne naprave;
- 6.2 preskušanje in preskusni postopki.
General Information
Relations
Frequently Asked Questions
EN 12999:2011 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Cranes - Loader cranes". This standard covers: This European Standard specifies minimum requirements for design, calculation, examinations and tests of hydraulic powered loader cranes and their mountings on vehicles or static foundations. This European Standard does not apply to loader cranes used on board ships or floating structures or to articulated boom system cranes which are designed as total integral parts of special equipment such as forwarders. The hazards covered by this standard are identified in Clause 4. This European Standard does not cover hazards related to the lifting of persons. This European Standard is not applicable to loader cranes which are manufactured before the date of its publication as EN. NOTE The use of cranes for lifting of persons can be subject to specific national regulations.
This European Standard specifies minimum requirements for design, calculation, examinations and tests of hydraulic powered loader cranes and their mountings on vehicles or static foundations. This European Standard does not apply to loader cranes used on board ships or floating structures or to articulated boom system cranes which are designed as total integral parts of special equipment such as forwarders. The hazards covered by this standard are identified in Clause 4. This European Standard does not cover hazards related to the lifting of persons. This European Standard is not applicable to loader cranes which are manufactured before the date of its publication as EN. NOTE The use of cranes for lifting of persons can be subject to specific national regulations.
EN 12999:2011 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 53.020.20 - Cranes. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
EN 12999:2011 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to EN 12999:2002, EN 12999:2002/A2:2006, EN 12999:2002/A1:2004, EN 12999:2011+A1:2012, EN 12999:2011/FprA1. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
EN 12999:2011 is associated with the following European legislation: EU Directives/Regulations: 2006/42/EC, 98/37/EC; Standardization Mandates: M/079, M/396. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Dvigala (žerjavi) - Nakladalni žerjaviKrane - LadekraneAppareils de levage a charge suspendue - Grues de chargementCranes - Loader Cranes53.020.20DvigalaCranesICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 12999:2011SIST EN 12999:2011en,fr,de01-junij-2011SIST EN 12999:2011SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 12999:2003/A2:2006SIST EN 12999:2003/A1:2004SIST EN 12999:20031DGRPHãþD
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 12999
January 2011 ICS 53.020.20 Supersedes EN 12999:2002English Version
Cranes - Loader cranes
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Grues de chargement
Krane - Ladekrane This European Standard was approved by CEN on 10 December 2010.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12999:2011: ESIST EN 12999:2011
Examples of configurations and mountings . 52A.1Boom systems . 52A.1.1Loader cranes with straight boom system . 52A.1.2Loader cranes with articulated boom system . 52A.2Examples of loader crane mountings . 53Annex B (informative)
Stress history parameter s and stress history classes S. 58Annex C (informative)
Explanatory notes . 60C.1Rated capacity limiters . 60C.2Timber handling cranes - Line rupture . 60C.3Control stations . 60Annex D (informative)
Examples of dangerous movements . 61Annex E (normative)
Symbols for working and setting-up functions . 62Annex F (informative)
Control system – Preferred vertical layout for controls operated from the ground . 64Annex G (informative)
Control system - Horizontal layout order . 66Annex H (informative)
Control levers for high seats and remote controls . 69H.1High seat controls . 69H.1.1Multidirectional (joy-stick) controls . 69H.1.2Bi-directional controls . 69SIST EN 12999:2011
Cabins fitted on vehicle mounted loader cranes up to a net lifting moment of 250 kNm . 73Annex K (informative)
Examples of raised control stations . 76Annex L (normative)
Raised control stations - Measures regarding hand rails and hand holds, ladders and steps . 78Annex M (informative)
Installation of a loader crane on a vehicle . 82M.1General . 82M.2Installation: minimum data . 82M.2.1Crane dimensions in transport position: data . 82M.2.2Crane data (see Figure M.2) . 83M.2.3Mounting data . 83M.2.4Power requirements . 83M.2.5Stability calculations: data . 83M.3Power take off (PTO) and pump displacement . 84M.4Calculation method for determination of sub-frame dimensions . 85M.4.1General considerations . 85M.4.2Stresses . 85M.4.3Material and limit states . 86M.4.4Symbols and equations . 86Annex N (informative)
Selection of a suitable set of crane standards for a given application . 88Annex ZA (informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC . 89Bibliography . 90 SIST EN 12999:2011
The hazards covered by this standard are identified in Clause 4. This European Standard does not cover hazards related to the lifting of persons. This European Standard is not applicable to loader cranes which are manufactured before the date of its publication as EN. NOTE The use of cranes for lifting of persons can be subject to specific national regulations. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 349:1993+A1:2008, Safety of machinery — Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body EN 12077-2:1998+A1:2008, Cranes safety — Requirements for health and safety — Part 2: Limiting and indicating devices EN 14492-2:2006+A1:2009, Cranes — Power driven winches and hoists — Part 2: Power driven hoists EN 12644-1:2001+A1:2008, Cranes – Information for use and testing — Part 1: Instructions EN 12644-2:2000+A1:2008, Cranes — Information for use and testing — Part 2: Marking EN 13001-1:2004+A1:2009, Cranes — General design — Part 1: General principles and requirements EN 13001-2:2004+A3:2009, Cranes safety — General design — Part 2: Load effects prEN 13001-3-1:2010, Cranes — General design — Part 3-1: Limit states and proof competence of steel structure EN 13557:2003+A2:2008, Cranes — Controls and control stations EN 13586:2004+A1:2008, Cranes — Access EN 61000-6-2:2005, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 6-2: Generic standards — Immunity for industrial environments (IEC 61000-6-2:2005) EN 61000-6-4:2007, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 6-4: Generic standards — Emission standard for industrial environments (IEC 61000-6-4:2006) EN 60204-32:2008, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 32: Requirements for hoisting machines (IEC 60204-32:2008) SIST EN 12999:2011
1) For convenience of reference the definitions are - with the exception of 3.1.1 loader crane - grouped in alphabetical order in the English version. SIST EN 12999:2011
NOTE
The largest load appearing in the load plate. 3.1.24 maximum working pressure maximum pressure in pump circuit or individual working function 3.1.25 net lifting moment rated capacity multiplied by outreach 3.1.26 non-fixed load lifting attachment lifting accessory which can be fitted directly or indirectly to the hook or any other coupling device of a crane by the user without affecting its integrity 3.1.27 outreach horizontal distance between the axis of rotation of the column and point of load attachment 3.1.28 outreach, hydraulic outreach which can be obtained with hydraulically actuated parts of the boom system SIST EN 12999:2011
61111414579810131243241617182019212215 Key 1 base 7 1st boom cylinder 13 hook 19 boom extension, hydraulic 2 stabilizer extension 8 2nd boom 14controls 20 extension cylinders 3 stabilizer leg 9 2nd boom cylinder 15 stabilizer foot 21 hook 4 slewing mechanism 10 boom extension, hydraulic 16 3rd boom adapter 22 boom extension, manual 5 column 11 extension cylinders 17 3rd boom
6 1st boom 12 boom extension, manual 18 3rd boom cylinder
Figure 1 — Main parts of a loader crane SIST EN 12999:2011
- Inadequacy of mechanical strength of the crane and its parts 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5.1, 5.5.4, 5.5.5, 5.5.8, 5.8.2.1, 5.8.2.2, 5.10.2 1.1 Crushing hazard 5.8.1, 5.8.2.2, 5.8.2.3, 5.10.2.31.2 Shearing hazard
1.3 Cutting or severing hazard
1.4 Entanglement hazard
1.5 Drawing-in or trapping hazard
1.6 Impact hazard
1.7 Stabbing or puncture hazard
1.8 Friction or abrasion hazard
1.9 High pressure fluid injection or ejection hazard 5.5.1, 5.5.5, 5.10.7, 7.2.3.6, 7.2.4.2 1.10 Ejection of parts 5.4.1.2, 5.4.1.3, 5.4.2, 5.4.3 1.11 Loss of stability 5.4.1, 5.6.1.1, 5.6.1.2, 5.6.1.8, 5.6.3, 5.10.2.1, 5.10.3 1.12 Slip, trip, fall 5.8.2.2, 5.8.2.3, 5.8.2.4, 5.10.82 Electrical hazards due to: 2.1 Contact of persons with live parts (direct contact) 5.9, 5.10.6, 7.2.3.1 d) 2.2 Contact of persons with parts which have become live under faulty conditions (indirect contact)
3.1 Burns, scalds and other injuries by possible contact of persons with objects or materials with an extreme high or low temperature, by flames or explosions and also by radiation of heat sources 5.5.5, 5.10.2.3 3.2 Damage to health by hot or cold working environment 7.2.3.8 4 Hazards generated by noise5.10.4, 7.2.3.9 5 Hazards generated by vibration5.10.5 7 Hazards generated by materials and substances (and their constituent elements) processed or used by the machinery 5.10.2.3 7.1 Hazards from contact with or inhalation of harmful fluids, gases, mists, fumes and dusts 7.2.4.1 8 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles in machinery design, as e.g. hazards from:
8.1 Unhealthy postures or excessive effort 5.4.1.3, 5.4.2, 5.7, 5.8, 5.10.8 8.2 Inadequate consideration of hand-arm or foot-leg anatomy 5.7, 5.8 8.3 Neglected use of personal protective equipment
8.4 Inadequate local lighting 7.2.3.7 f) 8.6 Human error, human behaviour 5.6, 5.7.1, 5.7.2, 7.2.3, 7.2.4 SIST EN 12999:2011
10.1 Failure/disorder of the control system 5.5.6.1, 5.5.6.2, 5.5.7, 5.6.6, 5.6.8, 5.7.1 11 Hazards caused by missing and/or incorrectly positioned safety related measures/ means
11.1 Guards 5.5.5, 5.7.1, 5.8.2.2, 5.8.2.3, 5.10.2.3 11.2 Safety related (protection) devices 5.4.1, 5.4.3, 5.6.3, 5.6.6, 5.6.7 11.4 Safety signs, signals, symbols 5.4.1.3, 5.6.7, 5.7.2, 7.3.4, 7.3.5 11.5 Information or warning devices 5.6.1, 5.6.4, 5.6.7, 7.1, 7.2, 7.311.6 Visibility 5.4.3, 5.8.1, 7.3.4.1 11.7 Emergency devices 5.6.3, 5.6.8 15 Assembly errors7.2.2, 7.2.4 18 Loss of stability/overturning of machine5.4.1, 5.6.1, 5.6.2, 5.6.4, 5.6.5, 5.6.6, 5.10.3 SIST EN 12999:2011
27 Mechanical hazards and hazardous events
27.1 From load falls, collisions, machine tipping caused by:
27.1.1 Lack of stability 5.10.3, 6.2.5 27.1.2 Uncontrolled loading – overloading – stabilizing moment exceeded 5.5.4, 5.6.1, 5.6.2, 5.6.3, 5.6.4, 5.6.5 27.1.3 Uncontrolled amplitude of movements 5.6.6 27.1.4 Unexpected/unintended movement of loads 5.5.6, 5.5.7, 5.5.8 27.1.5 Inadequate holding devices/ accessories 5.4.2, 7.2.3.7 27.2 From access of persons to load support 7.2.3.1 e) 27.4 From insufficient mechanical strength of parts 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.5.8, 5.10.2 27.8 From abnormal conditions of assembly/testing/use/maintenance 5.10, 7.1, 7.2. 7.3 29 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles
29.1 Insufficient visibility from the driving position 5.8.1 5 Safety requirements and/or safety measures 5.1 General Machinery shall conform to the safety requirements and/or measures of this clause. In addition, the machine shall be designed in accordance with the principles of EN ISO 12100 for hazards relevant but not significant which are not dealt with by this European Standard. The rated capacity shall be calculated from the following: a) the working pressure in the cylinders; b) the area of the load carrying cylinders; c) the geometry; d) dead loads; SIST EN 12999:2011
φ 2,min + β2 × vh φ 2,min and β2 are given in Table 2a for the appropriate hoisting class. Loader cranes are assigned to hoisting classes HC1 and HC2 in accordance with their dynamic and elastic characteristics: HC1 for crane mounted on a vehicle or structures of equivalent flexibility; HC2 for rigidly mounted cranes. SIST EN 12999:2011
Table 2b — Values of vh Load combination Type of hoist drive and its operation method HD1 HD4 HD5 A1, B1 vh,max 0,5 × vh,max vh = 0 C1 vh,max vh,max 0,5 × vh,max
where HD1 is the hoist drive can only be operated at a fixed speed; HD4 is the start of the lift is performed with continuously increasing speed; HD5 is the hoist drive control is automatic and ensures that the speed influence on the dynamic force is negligible; vh,max is the maximum vertical hook speed. In load combinations A1 and B1, vh,max is the maximum vertical hook speed that is given by any single hydraulic drive action. In load combination C1, vh,max is the maximum vertical hook speed from all articulation hydraulic drives acting simultaneously. NOTE
In load combinations A and B it is assumed that the dynamic peaks from simultaneous movements do not coincide. The unlikely event that the dynamic peaks coincide and are superimposed is covered by load combination C1. 5.2.2.3 Effect of sudden release of a part of the gross load For cranes that release or drop a part of the gross load as a working procedure during intended use, such as when grabs or magnets are used, the peak dynamic effect on the crane can be simulated by multiplying the gross load by the factor Φ3. The value is given by:
Φ3 = 1 - ∆m × (1 + β) /m
where m
is the mass of the gross load; SIST EN 12999:2011
is the released or dropped part of the gross load; β
= 0,5
for cranes equipped with grabs or similar slow-release devices; β
= 1,0 for cranes equipped with magnets or similar rapid-release devices. 5.2.2.4 Effects caused by acceleration/deceleration of the slewing drive The dynamic factor Φ5h shall have the value 1,05 for hook duty and 1,3 for bucket or grapple duty. 5.2.3 Loads and forces 5.2.3.1 General The following loads and forces shall be taken into account: a) regular loads: 1) dead loads; 2) gross load; 3) dynamic forces; 4) centrifugal forces; b) occasional loads: 1) in-service wind loads; 2) other climatic and environmental effects such as temperature, snow and ice; 3) loads on stairways, platforms and hand rails; c) exceptional loads: 1) test loads; 2) loads caused by movements suddenly stopped by a mechanical device, e.g. end stroke of slewing cylinder or a safety device, e.g. emergency stop, hydraulic line rupture valve; 3) sudden release of the load, e.g. rope failure,
...
The SIST EN 12999:2011 standard provides essential guidelines for the design, calculation, examinations, and testing of hydraulic powered loader cranes and their mountings on vehicles or static foundations. With its clear parameters, it ensures that loader cranes meet minimum safety and performance requirements, thereby enhancing operational efficiency and safety across various industries. One of the significant strengths of this standard is its focused scope, outlining the specific applications for which it is relevant. By explicitly excluding loader cranes used on board ships and articulated boom system cranes that are integral to special equipment, it allows for a targeted approach to safety and performance evaluations. This specificity helps manufacturers, users, and regulators to better understand the applicability of the standard. Furthermore, the identification of hazards in Clause 4 strengthens the document’s utility by outlining potential risks associated with the operation of loader cranes. However, it is important to note that the standard does not address the lifting of persons, which highlights its focus on equipment rather than human safety considerations. This clear delineation allows stakeholders to consult specific national regulations for scenarios involving personnel lifting, thus preventing ambiguity. Finally, the limitation to loader cranes manufactured after its publication ensures that all products conform to the most current safety and design principles, fostering trust in compliance and enhancing operational safety in the industry. The standardized framework established by SIST EN 12999:2011 contributes significantly to the advancement and reliability of loader crane technologies within relevant sectors while also reinforcing the importance of adherence to established safety standards.
この標準化文書「SIST EN 12999:2011」は、クレーンの中でも特にローダークレーンに焦点を当てており、その設計、計算、検査および試験に関する最低限の要件を定めています。ローダークレーンは、車両または静的基礎に取り付けられる油圧動力のクレーンであり、その重要性は現場での荷物移動効率を向上させることにあります。 この標準の強みは、ローダークレーンに関連する特定の危険を第4条で明示している点にあります。これにより、使用者や製造者は、それぞれのリスクを理解し、適切な対策を講じることが可能になります。また、この標準は船舶や浮遊構造物で使用されるローダークレーン、さらに特別な機器に統合されたアーティキュレーテッドブームシステムのクレーンには適用されないため、対象となる機器を明確に限定しています。 さらに、人の吊り上げに関する危険は範囲に含まれていないため、この標準は作業者の安全をより一層確保することを意識した内容となっています。この点は、特に作業環境での安全基準を重視する企業にとって、標準の適用範囲が重要であることを示しています。 「EN 12999:2011」は、その発表以前に製造されたローダークレーンには適用されないため、ながらこれに基づく新たな設計や製造を行うことで、最新の安全基準に準拠した機器の普及が期待されます。このように、標準は現代のニーズに応えつつ、クレーン技術の進化と効率性向上の両立を図るものとなっています。 全体として、SIST EN 12999:2011は、ローダークレーンの安全性と信頼性を確保するための基盤を提供しており、その意義は極めて高いものです。
EN 12999:2011 표준은 유압식 로더 크레인의 설계, 계산, 검사 및 테스트에 대한 최소 요건을 명시하고 있으며, 차량이나 고정 기초에 장착된 로더 크레인에 적용됩니다. 이 표준은 특정 요구 사항을 충족해야 하며, 이는 다양한 산업 환경에서 로더 크레인의 안전성과 효율성을 보장하는 데 중요한 역할을 합니다. 이 표준의 주요 강점 중 하나는 광범위한 적용 가능성을 지닌 것인데, 이는 유압식 로더 크레인이 직면할 수 있는 다양한 위험 요소에 대한 평가를 포함합니다. 예를 들어, 4조에서 명시된 위험 요소를 통해 사용자가 이러한 기계의 설계 및 사용에 있어 안전성을 높일 수 있는 지침을 제공합니다. 그러나 EN 12999:2011은 선박 또는 부유 구조물에서 사용하는 로더 크레인이나 특별 장비의 모든 통합 부분으로 설계된 관절 붐 시스템 크레인에는 적용되지 않는다는 점을 명확히 하고 있습니다. 이로 인해 표준의 명확성을 유지하며, 사용자가 해당 장비에 대한 정확한 규정을 이해하는 데 도움을 줍니다. 또한, 이 표준은 인명 인양과 관련된 위험을 다루지 않으며, 이는 사용자들이 특정 국가의 규정에 따라 인원 인양을 위한 크레인 사용에 관한 표준을 따를 것을 촉구합니다. 이로 인해 EN 12999:2011은 로더 크레인의 안전 기준을 설정하는 데 중요한 참고 자료가 됩니다. 최종적으로, EN 12999:2011 표준은 로더 크레인의 설계 및 사용에 필요한 기본적인 지침을 제공하며, 다양한 산업에서의 적용 가능성과 안전성을 보장하는 데 실질적인 의미를 갖습니다. 이는 유럽의 품질 기준을 준수하며, 업계 전반의 안전성을 높이는 데 기여하는 중요한 문서입니다.
Die Norm EN 12999:2011 für Krane - Laderkrane bietet eine umfassende und klar definierte Grundlage für die Konstruktion, Berechnung, Prüfung und Tests von hydraulisch betriebenen Laderkranen sowie deren Montagen auf Fahrzeugen oder statischen Fundamenten. Dieser europäische Standard setzt Mindestanforderungen fest, die sicherstellen, dass die Laderkrane zuverlässig und sicher eingesetzt werden können. Ein bemerkenswerter Vorteil dieser Norm ist die klare Abgrenzung des Anwendungsbereichs. Sie ist speziell für Laderkrane konzipiert, die an Fahrzeugen oder statischen Fundamenten montiert sind, und schließt die Verwendung auf Schiffen oder schwimmenden Strukturen sowie Gelenkarmkrane, die integrale Bestandteile spezieller Ausrüstungen sind, aus. Diese Präzisierung hilft, Missverständnisse zu vermeiden und gewährleistet, dass die Norm gezielt für relevante Anwendungen entwickelt wurde. Die Stärken der Norm liegen auch in der umfassenden Identifikation von Gefahren, die in Klausel 4 aufgeführt sind. Durch die Berücksichtigung spezifischer Gefahrenquellen werden Hersteller und Betreiber von Laderkranen angehalten, Sicherheitsaspekte frühzeitig in die Gestaltung und Nutzung dieser Geräte einzubeziehen. Ein weiterer positiver Aspekt ist die explizite Erwähnung, dass die Norm nicht für die Hebung von Personen gilt, was die Sicherheitsanforderungen in diesem Bereich klarstellt und somit die Anwendung von spezifischen nationalen Regelungen erforderlich macht. Die Relevanz der Norm EN 12999:2011 wird durch ihre Anwendung in der Praxis unterstrichen, da sie den Bedürfnissen der Industrien gerecht wird, welche Laderkrane verwenden. Sie bietet eine wichtige Grundlage für die Gewährleistung von Sicherheit und Effizienz im Einsatz von Laderkranen und trägt dazu bei, die Qualität der Produkte im Markt zu verbessern. Zusammengefasst stellt die Norm EN 12999:2011 ein wichtiges Dokument dar, welches die Mindestanforderungen für hydraulische Laderkrane definiert und somit eine essentielle Rolle im Bereich der Kransicherheit spielt. Die klare Abgrenzung des Anwendungsbereichs, die Identifikation von Gefahren und die Fokussierung auf relevante Anwendungen machen diese Norm zu einem unverzichtbaren Standard für Hersteller und Betreiber von Laderkranen.
La norme EN 12999:2011 relative aux grues - grues de chargement, établit des exigences minimales cruciales pour la conception, le calcul, les examens et les tests des grues de chargement hydrauliques ainsi que de leurs montages sur véhicules ou fondations statiques. Cette norme européenne est d'une grande importance pour garantir la sécurité et l'efficacité dans l'utilisation des grues de chargement dans des applications industrielles et commerciales. L'une des forces majeures de la norme EN 12999:2011 réside dans son approche méthodique pour identifier et évaluer les dangers associés, comme indiqué dans la Clause 4. En offrant un cadre solide pour la conception et les tests, cette norme permet aux fabricants et aux utilisateurs de se conformer à des critères de performance rigoureux, réduisant ainsi les risques liés à l'utilisation de ces équipements. Il est également pertinent de noter que cette norme ne s'applique pas aux grues de chargement utilisées à bord de navires ou de structures flottantes, ni aux grues à flèche articulée intégrées dans des équipements spéciaux comme les forwarders. Cette délimitation de son champ d'application assure une spécialisation qui renforce sa pertinence pour les grues de chargement sur châssis fixe ou mobile, tout en laissant de côté des catégories qui nécessiteraient des normes différentes. Enfin, bien que la norme EN 12999:2011 ne couvre pas les dangers liés à la levée de personnes, elle souligne l'importance de se conformer à des réglementations nationales spécifiques pour ces applications. Cela montre une prise de conscience des différents niveaux de risque associés à l'utilisation des grues de chargement. En résumé, la norme EN 12999:2011 propose une base standardisée solide et pertinente qui contribue à la sécurité et à l'efficacité des grues de chargement, tout en restant ciblée sur des segments précis et en tenant compte des réglementations locales pour des opérations potentiellement dangereuses.
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