CEN/TS 15364:2006

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-junij-2006
Karakterizacija odpadkov – Izluževalni preskusi – Preskus kislinske in alkalne
kapacitete
Characterization of waste - Leaching behaviour tests - Acid and base neutralization
capacity test
Charakterisierung von Abfällen - Untersuchung des Auslaugungsverhaltens - Prüfung
der Säure- und Base-Neutralisationskapazität
Caractérisation des déchets - Essais de comportement a la lixiviation - Essai de capacité
de neutralisation acide et basique
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TS 15364:2006
ICS:
13.030.01 Odpadki na splošno Wastes in general
47.020.30 Sistemi cevi Piping systems
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
CEN/TS 15364
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
April 2006
ICS 47.020.30
English Version
Characterization of waste - Leaching behaviour tests - Acid and
base neutralization capacity test
Caractérisation des déchets - Essais de comportement à la Charakterisierung von Abfällen - Untersuchung des
lixiviation - Essai de capacité de neutralisation des acides Auslaugungsverhaltens - Prüfung der Säure- und Base-
et des bases Neutralisierungskapazität
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 2 February 2006 for provisional application.
The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their
comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.
CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available
promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS)
until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TS 15364:2006: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents
page
Foreword .3
Introduction.4
1 Scope.5
2 Normative references.5
3 Terms and definitions .5
4 Symbols and abbreviations .6
5 Principle .6
6 Reagents and laboratory devices.7
7 Sampling .7
8 Test procedure.9
9 Performance characteristics.12
10 Test report.12
Annex A (informative)  Example of a data sheet .13
Annex B (informative)  Preliminary determination of the acid/base consumption.14
Annex C (informative)  Examples of acid and base neutralisation capacities for waste, soil,
sediment and construction materials and use of the data .18
Annex D (informative)  Examples of steps in the full evaluation of ANC and BNC for waste
materials.20
Bibliography.21

Foreword
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS 15364:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 292
“Characterisation of waste”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to announce this CEN Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Introduction
This Technical Specification has been developed primarily to support the requirements for leaching behaviour
testing within EU and EFTA countries. Tests to characterize the behaviour of waste materials can generally be
divided into three categories. The relationship between these tests are summarized below:
1. “Basic characterization“ tests are used to obtain information on the short and long term leaching behaviour and
characteristic properties of waste materials. Liquid/solid (L/S) ratios, leachant composition, factors controlling
leachability such as pH, redox potential, complexing capacity, ageing of waste and physical parameters are
addressed in these tests.
2. “Compliance“ tests are used to determine whether the waste complies with a specific behaviour or with specific
reference values. The tests focus on key variables and leaching behavior previously identified by basic
characterization tests.
3. “On-site verification“ tests are used as a rapid check to confirm that the waste is the same as that one which has
been subjected to the compliance test(s). On-site verification tests are not necessarily leaching tests.
The test procedure described in this Technical Specification belongs to category (1): basic characterization tests.
NOTE When sufficient information is available for a material type or class, a single measurement to a relevant final pH may
suffice. In that case, the procedure would qualify as a category 2 method.
In the test, which is described in this Technical Specification, equilibrium condition is established at different pH
values as a result of the reaction between pre-selected amounts of acid or base and test portions of the waste
material. Size reduction is performed to accelerate reaching of equilibrium condition.
This test is different from the method to assess the influence of pH on leaching with initial acid/base addition, in that
the chemical analysis of inorganic constituents in eluates produced is not carried out.
The neutralization capacity can also be derived from a test addressing the influence of pH on leaching by
continuous pH control as described in prEN 14997. The test addressing the influence of pH on leaching by
continuous pH control can be particularly suitable in the case of measurement of pH influence on leaching at a pH
where a small pH change leads to strong change in release.
1 Scope
This Technical Specification is applicable to determine the acid and/or base neutralization capacity of a material.
The property is expressed in mol/kg. This Technical Specification is a parameter specific test as specified in EN
12920. The application of this test method alone is not sufficient for the determination of the detailed leaching
behaviour of a waste under specified conditions. The property allows assessing the final pH of mixed waste as well
as consequences of external influences (carbonation, oxidation) on the pH of a waste.
NOTE This generally requires the application of several test methods, behavioral modeling and model validation as specified
in EN 12920.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this Technical Specification. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
prEN 14346:2004, Characterization of waste – Calculation of dry matter by determination of dry residue and water
content
EN 14899, Characterization of waste - Sampling of waste materials - Framework for the preparation and application
of a Sampling Plan
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this Technical Specification, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
dry residue
w
dr
remaining mass fraction of a sample after a drying process at 105 °C
[prEN 14346:2004]
3.2
eluate
solution obtained by a laboratory leaching test
3.3
equilibrium condition
condition achieved when the pH deviation during a checking period at the last 4 h of the test is below 0,3 pH unit
3.4
laboratory sample
sample or subsample(s) sent to or received by the laboratory
[IUPAC, 1997]
3.5
liquid to solid-ratio
L/S
ratio between the amount of liquid (L) and of solid (S) in the test
NOTE L/S is expressed in l/kg dry matter.
3.6
leachant
liquid to be mixed with the test portion in the leaching procedure
3.7
suspension
mixture of leachant and test portion
3.8
test portion
amount or volume of the test sample taken for analysis, usually of known weight or volume
[IUPAC, 1997]
3.9
test sample
sample, prepared from the laboratory sample, from which test portions are removed for testing or analysis
[IUPAC, 1997]
4 Symbols and abbreviations
ANC acid neutralization capacity
BNC base neutralization capacity
DM dry matter
L/S liquid to solid ratio
M dried mass of the test portion
d
m mass after drying
d
M un-dried mass of the test portion
w
m mass before drying
r
t time at the start of the leaching test
V volume of acid or base used in leachant
A/B
V volume of de-mineralized water used in leachant
demin
V volume of added leachant
L
w dry residue of the waste
dr
5 Principle
Separate test portions are prepared at a fixed L/S ratio with leachants containing pre-selected amounts of acid or
base in order to reach stationary pH values at the end of the extraction period. Each leachant is added in three
steps in the beginning of the test. At least 8 final pH-values are required, covering at the minimum the range
pH 4 to pH 12 (both included i.e. the lowest value ≤4 and the highest value ≥12). From the amounts of acid or base
needed to cover the pH range the acid or base neutralization capacity (ANC, BNC) of the test material is
determined. The equilibrium condition as defined in 8.1 is verified at the end of the extraction period.
For each final pH value the quantity of acid that is added is expressed in mol H+/kg DM and the quantity of base that is
+ +
added is expressed as negative mol H /kg DM (-mol H /kg DM). The net mol/kg (+ for acid - for base) is presented as a
function of pH.
NOTE  The pH range covered by the test may be restricted to a pH range relevant for the specific material and the
considered problem (see 8.2).
6 Reagents and laboratory devices
6.1 Reagents
6.1.1
Distilled water, demineralized water or water of equivalent purity with a conductivity < 0,1 mS/m
6.1.2
Nitric acid (pro analysis), 0,1 mol/l to 5 mol/l
6.1.3
Nitric acid (pro analysis), 1 mol/l
6.1.4
Sodium hydroxide, NaOH, 0,1 mol/l to 5 mol/l
6.2 Laboratory devices
6.2.1
Agitation device: end-over-end tumbler (5 r/min to 10 r/min) or roller table rotating at about 10 r/min
6.2.2
Analytical balance (accurate to 0,1 g)
6.2.3
Bottles (250 ml for the test portions of 15 g of dry mass, 500 ml for test portions of 30 g dry mass and 1 l for test
portions of 60 g dry mass) made of polypropylene (PP) or polyethylene (PE).
6.2.4
Crushing equipment, e.g. a jaw crusher
NOTE Crushing is prescribed to avoid unnecessary grinding to very fine particle sizes, such as takes place in a rotary swing
mill, ball mill or similar device.
6.2.5
pH meter with a measurement accuracy of at least ± 0,05 pH units
NOTE At high pH values the use of specific electrodes is recommended.
6.2.6
Sample splitters for a minimum test portion size equivalent of 15 g of dry mass
6.2.7
Sieving equipment with sieve of 1 mm nominal screen sizes
7 Sampling
7.1 Laboratory sample
The laboratory sample shall consist of a mass equivalent of at least 1 kg of dry mass.
Perform sampling in accordance with EN 14899 or a standard derived from EN 14899 in order to obtain a
representative laboratory sample.
7.2 Preparation of test sample
The tests shall be made on material
...