EN 19694-2:2016
(Main)Stationary source emissions - Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions in energy-intensive industries - Part 2: Iron and steel industry
Stationary source emissions - Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions in energy-intensive industries - Part 2: Iron and steel industry
This European Standard provides a harmonized methodology for calculating GHG emissions and GHG performance in the steel industry.
This European Standard applies to facilities producing any of the multiple products of the steel value chain. It is supported by a set of worksheets [1].
This European Standard deals with the specific aspects for the determination of GHG emissions from steel production and the assessment of emission performance. This standard is to be used in conjunction with EN 19694-1, which contains overall requirements, definitions and rules applicable to the determination of GHG emissions for energy-intensive sectors, thereby providing a common methodological approach.
EN 19694-1 and EN 19694-2 provide a harmonized method for:
a) measuring, testing and quantifying methods for the determination of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions;
b) assessing the level of GHG emissions performance of production processes over time, at production sites;
c) the establishment and provision of reliable and accurate information of proper quality for reporting and verification purposes.
In addition, this standard provides a stepwise approach for the determination of CO2 emissions and the assessment of CO2 performance of steel facilities, providing a set of methodologies allowing for a fair and reliable assessment of the CO2 performance of each individual process along the steel production value chain.
It can be seen as a toolbox which enables the determination of CO2 emissions and the assessment of CO2 performance of steel production facilities at various levels of disaggregation, establishing a sound system for:
- the evaluation of the global CO2 performance of a steel production facility taking its production structure into account;
- setting a reliable basis for evaluation of the CO2 reduction potential in a facility and the contributing processes;
- setting a basis for accurate evaluation of new technologies.
Next to the determination of the direct and indirect CO2 emissions of a steel facility, this standard has a strong focus on performance assessment which it strives to address through the following aspects:
- assessment of CO2 impact, including process emissions: this methodology evaluates the total CO2 emission of a steel facility, with the carbon content of the waste gases burdened as CO2 to the processes giving rise to them;
- assessment of the actual CO2 impact: this methodology evaluates the total CO2 emissions released by a steel facility, but considers waste gases exported or used in a power plant as equal to natural gas in terms of CO2 emissions;
- carbon input CO2 performance at facility level: this methodology delivers an indicator comparing the facility performance with best practice, on the basis of the carbon input to the system;
- CO2 performance assessment at process level: this methodology delivers a set of indicators comparing process performance with best practice at unit level. These indicators are then combined as a consolidated figure for the whole facility. This methodology also provides a theoretical assessment of the CO2 saving potential up to best practice.
Emissionen aus stationären Quellen - Bestimmung von Treibhausgasen (THG) aus energieintensiven Industrien - Teil 2: Stahl- und Eisenindustrie
Die vorliegende Europäische Norm stellt eine harmonisierte Methodik zur Berechnung der Treibhausgasemissionen und der Treibhausgasbilanz in der Stahlindustrie bereit.
Diese Europäische Norm gilt für Anlagen, die die zahlreichen Produkte in der Stahlwertschöpfungskette herstellen. Sie wird durch eine Reihe von Arbeitsblättern [1] unterstützt.
Diese Europäische Norm behandelt die spezifischen Aspekte zur Bestimmung von Treibhausgasemissionen aus der Stahlproduktion und die Beurteilung der emissionsbezogenen Leistung (Emissionseffizienz). Diese Norm ist in Verbindung mit der Norm EN 19694 1 Emissionen aus stationären Quellen — Bestimmung von Treib¬hausgasen (THG) aus energieintensiven Industrien — Teil 1: Allgemeine Grundsätze anzuwenden, in der allgemeine Grundsätze, Definitionen und Regeln behandelt sind, die für die Bestimmung der Treibhausgasemissionen aus allen energieintensiven Sektoren gelten; dabei stellt sie einen üblichen Methodikansatz zur Verfügung.
Teil 1 und Teil 2 dieser Normenreihe müssen zusammen angewendet werden. Sie stellen ein harmonisiertes Verfahren bereit zur:
a) Messung, Prüfung und Quantifizierung von Verfahren zur Bestimmung von Treibhausgasemissionen;
b) Bewertung des Treibhausgasemissionsniveaus von Produktionsprozessen im zeitlichen Verlauf an Produktionsstandorten;
c) Erarbeitung und Bereitstellung verlässlicher, genauer und hochwertiger Informationen für die Erstellung von Berichten und für Verifizierungszwecke.
Zusätzlich bietet diese Norm einen schrittweisen Ansatz zur Bestimmung der CO2-Emissionen und zur Beurteilung der CO2-Effizienz von Stahlanlagen, wobei sie eine Reihe von Methodiken zur Verfügung stellt, mit denen eine faire und zuverlässige Beurteilung der CO2-Effizienz jedes einzelnen Prozesses in der Stahlwertschöpfungskette möglich ist.
Sie kann als Werkzeug betrachtet werden, mit dessen Hilfe die Bestimmung der CO2-Emissionen und die Beurteilung der CO2-Effizienz von Stahlanlagen auf verschiedenen Aufschlüsselungsniveaus möglich sind; sie etabliert ein solides System zur:
— Bewertung der globalen CO2-Effizienz einer Stahlproduktionsanlage unter Berücksichtigung der Anlagenstruktur;
— Schaffung einer verlässlichen Basis für die Bewertung des CO2-Reduktionspotenzials einer Anlage und der beteiligten Prozesse;
— Festlegung einer Basis zur genauen Beurteilung neuer Technologien.
Neben der Bestimmung der direkten und indirekten CO2-Emissionen einer Stahlanlage hat diese Norm einen deutlichen Schwerpunkt auf die Effizienzbeurteilung, die sie mithilfe folgender Aspekte anstrebt:
— Beurteilung der CO2-Auswirkung, einschließlich Prozessemissionen: diese Methodik bewertet die gesamten CO2-Emissionen einer Stahlanlage, mit dem Kohlenstoffgehalt der Abgase, als CO2 den Prozessen zugerechnet, die sie verursachen.
— Beurteilung des tatsächlichen CO2-Einflusses: diese Methodik bewertet die gesamten freigesetzten CO2-Emissionen einer Stahlanlage, Kuppelgase, die exportiert oder in einem Kraftwerk verwendet werden, werden jedoch in Bezug auf CO2-Emissionen wie Erdgas betrachtet;
— CO2-Effizienz durch eingebrachten Kohlenstoff auf Anlagenebene: diese Methodik liefert eine Kennzahl und vergleicht die Anlageneffizienz auf Grundlage des in das System eingebrachten Kohlenstoffs mit dem besten Verfahren („Best Practice“);
— Beurteilung der CO2-Effizienz auf Prozessebene: diese Methodik liefert eine Reihe von Kennzahlen und vergleicht die Prozesseffizienz auf Anlagenebene mit dem besten Verfahren („Best Practice“). Diese Kennzahlen werden anschließend für die gesamte Anlage zu einem konsolidierten Wert zusammengefasst. Diese Methodik bietet außerdem eine theoretische Beurteilung des CO2-Einsparpotentials bis zum besten Verfahren („Best Practice“) an.
Émissions de sources fixes - Détermination des émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES) dans les industries énergo-intensives - Partie 2: Industrie sidérurgique
La présente Norme européenne fournit une méthodologie harmonisée pour calculer les émissions de GES et la performance GES dans l'industrie sidérurgique.
La présente Norme européenne s'applique aux installations qui produisent l'un des multiples produits de la chaîne de valeur de l'acier. Elle s'appuie sur un ensemble de feuilles de calcul [1].
La présente Norme européenne traite des aspects spécifiques concernant la détermination des émissions de GES provenant de la production d'acier, ainsi que l'évaluation de la performance en matière d'émission. La présente norme doit être utilisée conjointement avec le FprEN 19694-1, qui contient des exigences générales, des définitions et des règles applicables pour la détermination des émissions de GES pour les secteurs consommateurs d'énergie, en fournissant ainsi une méthodologie commune.
Les FprEN 19694-1 et FprEN 19694-2 fournissent une méthode harmonisée pour :
a) mesurer, contrôler et quantifier les méthodes relatives à la détermination des émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES) ;
b) évaluer au fil du temps le niveau des émissions de GES des procédés de fabrication des sites de production ;
c) établir et fournir des informations fiables, précises et de qualité à des fins de déclaration et de vérification.
De plus, la présente norme fournit une approche par étapes pour la détermination des émissions de CO2 et l'évaluation de la performance CO2 des installations de production d'acier, en détaillant un ensemble de méthodologies permettant une évaluation objective et fiable de la performance CO2 de chaque procédé individuel dans la chaîne de valeur de production d'acier.
Elle peut être assimilée à une boîte à outils qui permet de déterminer les émissions de CO2 et d'évaluer la performance CO2 des installations de production d'acier à différents niveaux de détail, en établissant un système efficace pour :
- l'évaluation de la performance globale CO2 d'une installation de production d'acier en tenant compte de sa structure de production ;
- l'établissement d'une base fiable pour évaluer le potentiel de réduction de CO2 dans une installation et les procédés contributifs ;
- la définition d'une base pour une évaluation précise des nouvelles technologies.
Outre la détermination des émissions directes et indirectes de CO2 d'une installation de production d'acier, la présente norme met l'accent sur l'évaluation des performances qu'elle s'efforce d'examiner par le biais des méthodologies suivantes :
- évaluation de l'impact CO2, y compris les émissions de procédés : cette méthodologie évalue les émissions totales de CO2 d'une installation de production d'acier, la teneur en carbone des gaz résiduaires étant imputée comme une charge de CO2 aux procédés qui les ont générés ;
- évaluation de l'impact CO2 réel : cette méthodologie évalue les émissions totales de CO2 libérées par une installation de production d'acier, mais considère les gaz résiduaires exportés ou utilisés dans une centrale électrique comme étant équivalents au gaz naturel en termes d'émissions de CO2 ;
- performance CO2 basée sur l'apport de carbone au niveau de l'installation : cette méthodologie génère un indicateur permettant de comparer la performance de l'installation à la meilleure pratique, sur la base de l'apport de carbone du système ;
- évaluation de la performance CO2 au niveau des procédés : cette méthodologie fournit un ensemble d'indicateurs permettant de comparer la performance des procédés avec la meilleure pratique au niveau de l'unité de production. Ces indicateurs sont ensuite combinés en un chiffre consolidé pour l'ensemble de l'installation. Cette méthodologie fournit également une évaluation théorique de l'économie potentielle de CO2 générée par la mise en oeuvre des meilleures pratiques
Emisije nepremičnih virov - Določevanje emisij toplogrednih plinov (TGP) v energetsko intenzivnih industrijah - 2. del: Proizvodnja železa in jekla
Določevanje neposrednih in posrednih emisij toplogrednih plinov na podlagi metode masne bilance pri vsakem procesnem koraku v jeklarski industriji. Vključeni bodo definicija indikatorjev učinkovitosti in pravila za konsolidacijo postopkov na ravni mesta. Cilj je določitev metodologije za ocenjevanje in primerjavo učinkovitosti emisij v časovnem obdobju ali med mesti. Organizirani so terenski preskusi za primerjavo metode masne bilance in meritev v odvodniku za oceno neposrednih emisij.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2017
(PLVLMHQHSUHPLþQLKYLURY'RORþHYDQMHHPLVLMWRSORJUHGQLKSOLQRY 7*3 Y
HQHUJHWVNRLQWHQ]LYQLKLQGXVWULMDKGHO 3URL]YRGQMDåHOH]DLQMHNOD
Stationary source emissions - Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions in energy-intensive
industries - Part 2: Iron and steel industry
Emissionen aus stationären Quellen - Bestimmung von Treibhausgasen (THG) aus
energieintensiven Industrien - Teil 2: Stahl- und Eisenindustrie
Émissions de sources fixes - Détermination des émissions des gaz à effet de serre dans
les industries à forte intensité énergétique - Partie 2: Industrie sidérurgique
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 19694-2:2016
ICS:
13.020.40 Onesnaževanje, nadzor nad Pollution, pollution control
onesnaževanjem in and conservation
ohranjanje
13.040.40 (PLVLMHQHSUHPLþQLKYLURY Stationary source emissions
77.020 Proizvodnja kovin Production of metals
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN 19694-2
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
July 2016
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 13.040.40
English Version
Stationary source emissions - Greenhouse Gas (GHG)
emissions in energy-intensive industries - Part 2: Iron and
steel industry
Émissions de sources fixes - Détermination des Emissionen aus stationären Quellen - Bestimmung von
émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES) dans les Treibhausgasen (THG) aus energieintensiven
industries énergo-intensives - Partie 2: Industrie Industrien - Teil 2: Stahl- und Eisenindustrie
sidérurgique
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 5 May 2016.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 19694-2:2016 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Abbreviations . 8
5 Scope of reporting for the iron and steel industry . 9
5.1 Plants, processes and boundaries . 9
5.2 Products and by-products . 11
5.3 Energy, utilities and other materials . 12
5.4 Greenhouse gases in the steel industry . 12
5.5 Processes and reference products . 12
5.6 Units . 13
6 Basic principles of CO emission determination. 13
6.1 General . 13
6.2 Principle of the carbon mass balance . 14
6.3 Determination of activity data . 14
6.4 Determination of emission factors . 14
7 Determination of CO emissions at facility level . 16
8 Assessment of CO emission performance . 19
8.1 Assessment of CO impact of a facility, including process emissions . 19
8.2 Assessment of actual CO impact of a facility . 19
8.3 Indicator-based assessment of CO emission performance. 20
9 Determination of CO reference values . 32
10 Assessment of data quality . 33
10.1 Preliminery checks to detect unrealistic data . 33
11 Uncertainty assessment . 35
11.1 General . 35
11.2 Uncertainty of activity data . 35
11.3 Uncertainty of carbon content . 35
11.4 Determination of uncertainty of CO emissions for individual sources . 36
11.5 Uncertainty of total direct emissions for a facility . 37
Annex A (informative) Definition of the technical boundaries of processes . 38
Annex B (informative) Products and by-products of the iron and steel Industry . 45
Annex C (informative) Default values for emission factors and upstream data . 52
Annex D (informative) Examples of application of carbon mass balance methodology . 55
Annex E (informative) Assessment of emission performance at facility level (carbon input
performance) . 60
Annex F (informative) Determination of process performance . 64
Annex G (informative) Description of data checks on process data . 69
Annex H (informative) Elements on sampling, analyses and uncertainty . 73
Bibliography . 80
European foreword
This document (EN 19694-2:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air
quality”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2017, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by January 2017.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
This document has been prepared under a mandate M/478 given to CEN by the European Commission
and the European Free Trade Association.
This European Standard deals with sector-specific aspects for the determination of greenhouse gas
(GHG) emissions from steel production. This standard can be used to measure, report and compare the
GHG emissions of a steel facility. It can also be used to assess the GHG performance of a steel facility or
parts of it.
EN 19694, Stationary source emissions — Determination of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in energy-
intensive industries consists of the following parts:
— Part 1: General aspects
— Part 2: Iron and steel industry
— Part 3: Cement industry
— Part 4: Aluminium industry
— Part 5: Lime industry
— Part 6: Ferroalloy industry
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Introduction
The steel industry recognizes the urgent need to take action to combat climate change. Slowing and
halting global warming will require substantial reductions in greenhouse gas emission on a global scale.
To play a part in achieving these reductions, steel production sites, recognized as major emitters of
GHG, should as a first step assess their CO emission performance relating to the production of steel
products in order to identify and quantify emission reduction opportunities.
Steel production involves complex chemical reactions, successive heating cycles, and the recycling of
various by-products. A variety of inputs, including raw materials, reactive agents, fuel and heat sources
are transformed into a wide range of steel products, by-products, waste materials and waste energy.
Steel sites manufacture a wide range of products including, among others, sheet products, plate
products, long products, pipe and tubes. In addition, some steel sites produce unique high-performance
specialty steel products, which are created by employing various sub-processes including micro-
alloying and surface treatment, thus requiring additional heat treatments. Therefore, there are no two
steel sites in the world which are the same. As a consequence, a sound assessment of performance
should be made independent of the production structure.
Regulations related to climate change require steel companies to devise methods to reduce CO
emissions from steel sites while continuing to produce steel products from these diverse and complex
steelmaking processes. To accomplish this, it is desirable to have universally common indicators for
determining the CO emission performance of a site.
It has been the usual practice to determine CO emissions at facility level, from which a CO intensity
2 2
per unit of reference product, usually “crude steel”, can be derived. ISO TC 17/SC /WG 21 has proposed
and issued a standard for the determination of CO intensity derived from the method developed by
worldsteel (the world steel association) as ISO 14404-1 and ISO 14404-2.
Although giving a valuable insight on CO emission performance, the “CO intensity” approach
2 2
suggested by the ISO 14404 standards series has some limitations as it provides only one single CO
value for any specific facility, regardless of the complexity of its structure.
With a view to better evaluating the CO performance of a facility along the steel value chain, the
European Steel Industry has, since 2005, worked to set up CO accounting rules aimed at carrying out
the CO emission performance assessment of steel production facilities while taking into account and
properly addressing potential distortions due to differing facility structure. To this end, this standard
goes beyond the mere “CO intensity” approach to determine the performance of each process and unit
that is part of the facility in order to identify the strengths and weaknesses in the value chain and, at a
later stage, consolidate the performance at facility level.
As stressed in Part 1 of this standard series, this standard does not prejudice the content or application
of any other standard or legal provision.
EN 196
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