EN 14608:2004

Overview

EN 14608:2004 is a European Standard developed by CEN for assessing the resistance to racking of open casements or sashes in windows. This standard specifies the procedure to determine the load resistance and the corresponding maximum and residual deformation of window units when subjected to racking forces applied within the plane of the casement or sash. It applies to a variety of window opening modes as specified in EN 12519 and provides a uniform method to evaluate structural performance related to racking stresses.

This standard is essential for manufacturers, testing laboratories, and regulatory bodies to ensure that window products meet safety and durability requirements under specified conditions. Compliance with EN 14608:2004 supports enhanced product reliability and helps in meeting building regulations throughout Europe.

Key Topics

• Scope and Application
  The standard addresses the static load testing of windows-both casements and sashes-expressed in Newtons (N). It covers opening modes such as side-hung, top-hung, bottom-hung, horizontal and vertical pivot, and sliding sash configurations.

• Test Specimen Preparation
  Test specimens must be fully operable, properly conditioned (typically at 10 °C to 30 °C with 25%–75% relative humidity), and mounted securely without twist. Transport aids and protective packaging must be removed prior to testing.

• Apparatus and Equipment
  A substantial steel frame with movable supports is used to hold the test specimens rigidly. Load application systems must deliver uniform static loads with minimal shock and within 5% accuracy. Measurement devices require at least 0.1 mm precision.

• Testing Procedure
  The test involves opening and closing the window several times to minimize slack, followed by applying pre-loads and incremental static test loads up to a maximum level depending on the window type. Deformations under load and after load removal are carefully measured to determine maximum and residual displacements.

• Results Expression and Reporting
  Loads are expressed in Newtons to three significant figures, and deformations in millimeters with two decimal places. Test reports include references, manufacturer and laboratory information, detailed specimen description, test outcomes, and any observed permanent damages.

• Normative Figures
  Annex A contains detailed illustrations of the different window configurations and loading points relevant for the test, ensuring consistency and reproducibility in test setup.

Applications

• Window Manufacturing
  EN 14608:2004 provides manufacturers with a robust framework to validate the mechanical strength of their product designs against racking forces, promoting improved product quality and compliance with European market requirements.

• Product Certification
  Testing according to this standard supports certification schemes and building code compliance, giving architects, builders, and consumers confidence in the structural integrity of window products.

• Research and Development
  The standardized test allows R&D teams to compare materials, designs, and locking mechanisms by quantifying resistance to racking and enabling iterative improvements.

• Quality Control in Production
  Production line testing based on EN 14608 can help identify defects or deviations early, reducing costly recalls and ensuring consistency across batches.

• Building Safety and Durability Assessments
  Compliance with resistance to racking requirements helps ensure windows withstand environmental loads such as wind and dynamic forces, improving building safety and longevity.

Related Standards

• EN 12519, Windows and pedestrian doors – Terminology
  Provides essential definitions and terms used throughout EN 14608:2004 for clarity and uniform interpretation.

• EN 107:1980 (Superseded component)
  Earlier standard that covered racking testing methods now replaced by the more detailed and comprehensive EN 14608.

• Other Window Performance Standards by CEN/TC 33

  • EN 14351 series for windows’ air permeability, water tightness, and wind resistance tests
  • EN 14351-1 for performance characteristics of windows and doors in general

• Relevant National Standards
  Adopted as national standards across CEN member countries, EN 14608 harmonizes resistance to racking tests throughout Europe to facilitate trade and regulatory consistency.

Keywords: EN 14608, resistance to racking, window testing, casement testing, sash deformation, static load, CEN standard, European window standards, window durability, mechanical performance, window certification.