EN ISO 4254-1:2009

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2010
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN ISO 4254-1:2006
Kmetijski stroji - Varnost - 1. del: Splošne zahteve (ISO 4254-1:2008)
Agricultural machinery - Safety - Part 1: General requirements (ISO 4254-1:2008)
Landmaschinen - Sicherheit - Teil 1: Generelle Anforderungen (ISO 4254-1:2008)
Matériel agricole - Sécurité - Partie 1: Exigences générales (ISO 4254-1:2008)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 4254-1:2009
ICS:
65.060.01 Kmetijski stroji in oprema na Agricultural machines and
splošno equipment in general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 4254-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
September 2009
ICS 65.060.01 Supersedes EN ISO 4254-1:2005
English Version
Agricultural machinery - Safety - Part 1: General requirements
(ISO 4254-1:2008)
Matériel agricole - Sécurité - Partie 1: Exigences générales Landmaschinen - Sicherheit - Teil 1: Generelle
(ISO 4254-1:2008) Anforderungen (ISO 4254-1:2008)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 10 August 2009.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 4254-1:2009: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword .3
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC .4
Annex ZB (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC .5

Foreword
This document (EN ISO 4254-1:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 23 "Tractors and
machinery for agriculture and forestry”, Subcommittee 3 "Safety and comfort", the secretariat of which is held
by DIN in collaboration with CEN/TC 144 “Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry” in accordance
with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2010, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by March 2010.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 4254-1:2005.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (EN ISO 4254-1:2005), which has been technically
revised. It also incorporates the Final Draft Amendment ISO 4254-1:2005/FDAM 1:2007.
The following major changes were introduced:
 requirements related to vibration have been added in a new sub-clause 4.3;
 requirements related to ergonomics have been added in new sub-clauses 4.4.6 and 5.1.2.2;
 requirements related to the transmission of mechanical power between self-propelled machines/tractors
and recipient machinery have been added in a new subclause 6.4.1;
 the requirements related to the guarding of moving parts for power transmission given in 4.6 and Annex C
have been deleted.
For the purposes of global relevance, these requirements related to the guarding of moving parts for power
transmission have been transferred and published as European Standard EN 15811:2009, "Agricultural
machinery - Guards for moving parts of power transmission - Guard opening with tool (ISO/TS 28923:2007
modified)," which includes the guard requirements taken from both 4.6 and Annex C of EN ISO 4254-1:2005.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directives.
For relationship with EU Directives, see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this
document.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 4254-1:2008 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 4254-1:2009 without any modification.

Annex ZA
(informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission
and the European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to Essential Requirements of the
New Approach Directive 98/37/EC on machinery, amended by the New Approach Directive 98/79/EC.
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive and has been
implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the normative clauses of
this standard confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the
relevant Essential Requirements, except Essential Requirements 1.3.3 related to ejected objects, 1.3.7 first
paragraph, 1.4 with the exception of 1.4.1 first indent, and 3.4.2, all with regard to moving parts for power
transmission, 1.3.8 A, 3.4.8, 1.5.11, 1.6 with regard to maintenance and repairs to be carried out by
professional service personnel, 3.3.3, and 3.4.7 fourth, sixth and seventh paragraph of that Directive and
associated EFTA regulations.
WARNING: Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the
scope of this standard.
Annex ZB
(informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission
and the European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to Essential Requirements of the
New Approach Directive 2006/42/EC on machinery.
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive and has been
implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the normative clauses of
this standard confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the
relevant Essential Requirements, except Essential Requirements 1.3.1 first paragraph, 1.3.3 related to ejected
objects, 1.3.7 first paragraph, 1.4 with the exception of 1.4.1 first indent, all with regard to moving parts of
power transmission, 1.3.8.1, 1.5.11, 1.6 with regard to maintenance and repairs to be carried out by
professional service personnel, 1.7.3 first paragraph first, second and sixth indent, 1.7.4.2 j), o) related to
accident, t) and 1.7.4.2 u), 4th paragraph, 2nd sentence of 2006/42 , 3.3.3 and 3.4.7 fifth, seventh and eight
paragraph of that Directive and associated EFTA regulations.
WARNING: Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the
scope of this standard.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 4254-1
Fourth edition
2008-04-01
Agricultural machinery — Safety —
Part 1:
General requirements
Matériel agricole — Sécurité —
Partie 1: Exigences générales
Reference number
ISO 4254-1:2008(E)
©
ISO 2008
ISO 4254-1:2008(E)
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ii © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

ISO 4254-1:2008(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. v
Introduction . vii
1 Scope .1
2 Normative references .2
3 Terms and definitions .3
4 Safety requirements and/or measures applicable to all machines .4
4.1 Fundamental principles, design guidance.4
4.2 Noise .4
4.3 Vibration .4
4.4 Controls .5
4.5 Operator stations.5
4.5.1 Boarding means.5
4.5.2 Platforms .7
4.6 Boarding means for other than operator stations.9
4.7 Strength requirements for guards and barriers .10
4.8 Supports for service and maintenance .11
4.8.1 General.11
4.8.2 Mechanical supports .11
4.8.3 Hydraulic locking devices.11
4.9 Electrical equipment.11
4.10 Hydraulic components and fittings.12
4.11 Pneumatic systems .12
4.12 Operating fluids .12
4.13 Manual operation of individual assemblies .12
4.14 Service, maintenance and handling.12
5 Safety requirements and/or measures — Self-propelled ride-on machines .13
5.1 Operator station.13
5.1.1 Access to operator's seat .13
5.1.2 Operator's seat.13
5.1.3 Propulsion and steering.13
5.1.4 Shearing and pinching points .15
5.1.5 Emergency exit .15
5.1.6 Cab material burning rate .15
5.1.7 Visibility .16
5.1.8 Starting and stopping the engine.16
5.2 Moving the machine .16
5.2.1 Attachments for towing.16
5.2.2 Moveable attachments .16
5.2.3 Use of lifting jacks .16
5.3 Electric .17
5.4 Fuel tank .17
5.5 Hot surfaces .17
5.6 Exhaust gases.17
6 Safety requirements and/or measures — Mounted, semi-mounted and trailed machines.17
6.1 Controls .17
6.2 Stability .18
6.2.1 General.18
6.2.2 Mounted and semi-mounted machines .18
6.2.3 Trailed machines with vertical load on draw bar hitch > 500 N .18
ISO 4254-1:2008(E)
6.3 Hitches for towing. 19
6.4 Transmission of mechanical power between self-propelled machines/tractors and
recipient machinery . 19
6.4.1 General . 19
6.4.2 Stationary operation . 19
6.5 Hydraulic, pneumatic and electrical connections with a self-propelled machine. 19
7 Verification of safety requirements or protective measures . 20
8 Information for use . 20
8.1 Operator's manual. 20
8.2 Safety and instructional signs. 21
8.3 Marking. 22
Annex A (informative) List of significant hazards. 23
Annex B (normative) Noise test code (engineering method grade 2). 28
Annex C (normative) Strength tests . 32
Bibliography . 35

iv © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

ISO 4254-1:2008(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 4254-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 23, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and
forestry, Subcommittee SC 3, Safety and comfort.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 4254-1:2005), which has been technically
revised. It also incorporates the Final Draft Amendment ISO 4254-1:2005/FDAM 1:2007.
The following major changes were introduced:
⎯ requirements related to vibration have been added in a new subclause 4.3;
⎯ requirements related to ergonomics have been added in new subclauses 4.4.6 and 5.1.2.2;
⎯ requirements related to the transmission of mechanical power between self-propelled machines/tractors
and recipient machinery have been added in a new subclause 6.4.1;
⎯ the requirements related to the guarding of moving parts for power transmission given in 4.6 and Annex C
have been deleted.
For the purposes of global relevance, the requirements related to the guarding of moving parts for power
transmission have been transferred and published as two separate Technical Specifications:
ISO/TS 28923:2007, which includes the guard requirements taken from both 4.6 and Annex C of
ISO 4254-1:2005, and ISO/TS 28924:2007, which includes only the requirements from 4.6.
ISO 4254 consists of the following parts, under the general title Agricultural machinery — Safety:
⎯ Part 1: General requirements
1)
⎯ Part 3: Tractors
⎯ Part 5: Power-driven soil-working machines
⎯ Part 6: Sprayers and liquid fertilizer distributors

1) Under revision. To be replaced by ISO 26322 (see Reference [8]).
ISO 4254-1:2008(E)
⎯ Part 7: Combine harvesters, forage harvesters and cotton harvesters
⎯ Part 8: Solid fertilizer distributors
⎯ Part 9: Seed drills
⎯ Part 10: Rotary tedders and rakes
⎯ Part 11: Pick-up balers
⎯ Part 12: Rotary mowers and flail-mowers
[7]
Part 4, Forestry winches, has been revised and replaced by ISO 19472 .
vi © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

ISO 4254-1:2008(E)
Introduction
The structure of safety standards in the field of machinery is as follows.
a) Type-A standards (basic standards) give basic concepts, principle for design, and general aspects that
can be applied to machinery;
b) Type-B standards (generic safety standards) dealing with one or more safety aspect(s) or one or more
type(s) of safeguards that can be used across a wide range of machinery:
⎯ type-B1 standards on particular safety aspects (e.g. safety distances, surface temperature, noise);
⎯ type-B2 standards on safeguards (e.g. two-hand controls, interlocking devices, pressure sensitive
devices, guards);
c) Type-C standards (machinery safety standards) dealing with detailed safety requirements for a particular
machine or group of machines.
This part of ISO 4254 is a type-C standard as stated in ISO 12100-1.
When provisions of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or type-B
standards, the provisions of this type-C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards
for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type-C standard.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and events are covered are
indicated in the scope of this part of ISO 4254. These hazards are specific to self-propelled ride-on, trailed,
semi-mounted and mounted agricultural machines.

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4254-1:2008(E)

Agricultural machinery — Safety —
Part 1:
General requirements
1 Scope
This part of ISO 4254 specifies the general safety requirements and their verification for the design and
construction of self-propelled ride-on machines and mounted, semi-mounted or trailed machines used in
agriculture. In addition, it specifies the type of information on safe working practices (including residual risks)
to be provided by the manufacturer.
This part of ISO 4254 deals with significant hazards (as listed in Annex A), hazardous situations and events
relevant to this agricultural machinery used as intended and under the conditions foreseen by the
manufacturer (see Clause 4).
This part of ISO 4254 is not applicable to
⎯ tractors,
⎯ aircraft,
⎯ air-cushion vehicles, or
⎯ lawn and garden equipment.
This part of ISO 4254 is not applicable to environmental hazards, road safety, electromagnetic compatibility,
or to the power take-off (PTO) drive shaft; neither is it applicable to moving parts for power transmission
except for strength requirements for guards and barriers (see 4.7), nor to vibration except in respect of
declarations. It is not applicable to hazards related to maintenance or repairs to be carried out by professional
service personnel.
NOTE ISO 14982 (see Reference [6]) specifies test methods and acceptance criteria for evaluating the
electromagnetic compatibility of all kinds of mobile agricultural machinery.
This part of ISO 4254 is not applicable to machines which are manufactured before the date of its publication.
All of the hazards dealt with by this part of ISO 4254 will not necessarily be present on a particular machine.
For any machine covered by this part of ISO 4254, the provisions of the part of ISO 4254 directly applicable to
that type of machine, if available, take precedence over the provisions of this part of ISO 4254.
ISO 4254-1:2008(E)
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3600:1996, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment —
Operator's manuals — Content and presentation
ISO 3744:1994, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound pressure —
Engineering method in an essentially free field over a reflecting plane
ISO 3767-1, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment —
Symbols for operator controls and other displays — Part 1: Common symbols
ISO 3767-2, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment —
Symbols for operator controls and other displays — Part 2: Symbols for agricultural tractors and machinery
ISO 3776-1:2006, Tractors and machinery for agriculture — Seat belts — Part 1: Anchorage location
requirements
ISO 3776-2:2007, Tractors and machinery for agriculture — Seat belts — Part 2: Anchorage strength
requirements
ISO 3795:1989, Road vehicles, and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Determination of
burning behaviour of interior materials
ISO 4253:1993, Agricultural tractors — Operator's seating accommodation — Dimensions
ISO 4413:1998, Hydraulic fluid power — General rules relating to systems
ISO 4414:1998, Pneumatic fluid power — General rules relating to systems
ISO 5353:1995, Earth-moving machinery, and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Seat
index point
ISO 11201:1995, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Measurement of emission
sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions — Engineering method in an
essentially free field over a reflecting plane
ISO 11204:1995, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Measurement of emission
sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions — Method requiring environmental
corrections
ISO 11684:1995, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment —
Safety signs and hazard pictorials — General principles
ISO/TR 11688-1:1995, Acoustics — Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and
equipment — Part 1:Planning
ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 1: Basic
terminology, methodology
ISO 13852:1996, Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent danger zones being reached by the
upper limbs
ISO 15077:2008, Tractors and self-propelled machinery for agriculture — Operator controls — Actuating
forces, displacement, location and method of operation
2 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

ISO 4254-1:2008(E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
normal operation and service
use of the machine for the purpose intended by the manufacturer by an operator familiar with the machine
characteristics and complying with the information for operation, service and safe practices, as specified by
the manufacturer in the operator’s manual and by signs on the machine
3.2
three-point contact support
system which permits a person to simultaneously use two hands and a foot or two feet and one hand when
boarding, or dismounting from, a machine
3.3
guarded by location
guarding where a hazard is guarded by other parts or components of the machine that are not themselves
guards, or when the hazard cannot be reached by the upper and lower limbs
3.4
inadvertent contact
unplanned exposure of a person to a hazard resulting from the person's action during normal operation and
service of the machine
3.5
hand and foot reach
〈machines without cab〉 reach defined for hands by a sphere of 1 000 mm radius, centred on the seat
centreline, 60 mm in front of and 580 mm above the seat index point (SIP) as defined in ISO 5353 and for feet
by a hemisphere of 800 mm radius centred on the seat centreline at the front edge of the cushion and
extending downwards, with the seat in its central position
See Figure 1.
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 SIP (seat index point)
a
Hemisphere radius (feet).
b
Sphere radius (hands).
Figure 1 — Hand and foot reach
ISO 4254-1:2008(E)
3.6
hand and foot reach
〈machines with cab〉 reach defined for hands by those portions, lying within the cab, of a sphere of 1 000 mm
radius, centred on the seat centreline, 60 mm in front of and 580 mm above the seat index point (SIP) as
defined in ISO 5353, and for feet by those portions, lying within the cab, of a hemisphere of 800 mm radius
centred on the seat centreline at the front edge of the cushion and extending downwards, with the seat in its
central position
3.7
normal access
access for operators for process control and adjusting, service or maintenance tasks during normal operation
according to the intended use of the machine
4 Safety requirements and/or measures applicable to all machines
4.1 Fundamental principles, design guidance
4.1.1 The machine shall be designed according to the principles of risk reduction specified in
ISO 12100-1:2003, Clause 5, for hazards relevant but not significant.
4.1.2 Unless otherwise specified in this part of ISO 4254, safety distances shall comply with the
requirements given in ISO 13852:1996, Tables 1, 3, 4 or 6.
4.1.3 Functional components which need to be exposed for proper function, drainage or cleaning shall be
guarded without causing other hazards, for example risk of fire due to the accumulation of organic material
during the intended operation or use.
4.2 Noise
4.2.1 The technical information given in ISO/TR 11688-1 shall be used as means to design low-noise
machinery.
NOTE 1 ISO/TR 11688-2 (see Reference [5]) also gives useful information on noise-generation mechanisms in
machinery.
NOTE 2 Noise generation may vary considerably between machinery types. Noise reduction measures are therefore
dealt with in product specific standards.
4.2.2 Noise emission values, if required to be declared, shall be determined in accordance with Annex B
[see also 8.1.3 q)].
4.3 Vibration
If vibration emission values are required to be declared, then the weighted root mean square acceleration
value and the measuring method shall be determined according to
[2]
⎯ ISO 5008 ,
⎯ machine-specific standards, or
⎯ the measuring method described in the operator's manual.
Vibration measurements are unnecessary for machines that do not require a ride-on operator.
NOTE 1 Mechanical vibrations are caused by the unevenness of the travelling surface and the movement of
machine-related components such as engine, gearbox, drives and working tools. Technical measures for the reduction of
vibrations can be, for example, isolators, dampening or suspension systems.
4 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

ISO 4254-1:2008(E)
NOTE 2 As the origin of vibrations depends on the machine type and the individual design, detailed specifications for
vibration reduction measures cannot be given in this part of ISO 4254.
4.4 Controls
4.4.1 The controls and their different positions shall be identified and shall be explained in the operator's
manual [see 8.1.3 c)]. Symbols shall be in accordance with ISO 3767-1 and ISO 3767-2.
4.4.2 Pedals shall have a slip-resistant surface and be easy to clean.
4.4.3 Hand-operated controls requiring an actuating force W 100 N shall have a minimum clearance, a, of
50 mm between the outer contours or from adjacent parts of the machine (see Figure 2). Controls requiring an
actuating force < 100 N shall have a minimum clearance of 25 mm. This requirement does not apply to
fingertip operation controls, e.g. push-buttons, electric switches.
4.4.4 For requirements pertaining to machine-specific controls, see the relevant part(s) of ISO 4254.

a W 50, if force W 100 N
a W 25, if force < 100 N
Key
1 hand-operated control
2 adjacent part
Figure 2 — Clearance around hand-operated controls
4.4.5 Handle(s) located at least 300 mm from the nearest articulation shall be provided for manually folded
elements. The handle(s) can be integral parts of the machine provided they are suitably designed and clearly
identified. The force required for the manual folding operation shall not exceed 250 N as an average value
when moving from the start to the stop position. The peak(s) shall not exceed 400 N. There shall be no
shearing, pinching or uncontrollable movement hazards to the operator when folded.
4.4.6 Unless specified otherwise in 4.4.3 and 4.4.5, actuating forces, displacement, location and the method
of operation shall be in accordance with ISO 15077.
4.5 Operator stations
4.5.1 Boarding means
4.5.1.1 General
4.5.1.1.1 If the vertical height of the operator station floor above ground level exceeds 550 mm, measured
on level ground and with the specified tires with the maximum diameter at specified inflation pressure [see
8.1.3 t)], a boarding means shall be provided. The dimensions shall be as shown in Figure 3.
4.5.1.1.2 Whenever the boarding means is located directly in line and forward of a wheel (i.e. within the
track of the machine), provision shall be made for a railing to be located on the wheel side. This does not
apply for the transport position.
ISO 4254-1:2008(E)
Shielding shall be provided on the back of steps or ladders whenever a protruding hand or foot may contact a
hazardous part of the machine, e.g. wheel.
4.5.1.2 Steps and ladders
4.5.1.2.1 The height of the first step shall be achieved with the specified tyres and with the maximum
diameter at specified inflation pressure [see 8.1.3 t)]. The vertical distance between successive steps shall be
equal within a tolerance of ± 20 mm. Each step shall have a slip-resistant surface, a lateral stop at each end
and be so designed (e.g. mudguards, perforated steps) that an accumulation of mud and/or snow is minimized
under normal work conditions.
A flexible connection(s) between the first and second steps is permitted.
4.5.1.2.2 If ladders are used, their inclination, α, shall be between 70° and 90° from the horizontal (see
Figure 3).
4.5.1.2.3 Other operator stations with such boarding means having an inclination α from the horizontal of
less than 70° shall be in accordance with Figure 3 and the sum of 2B + G shall be u 700 mm, where B is the
vertical distance and G the horizontal distance between steps.
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
A toe clearance, where A = 150 mm
B vertical distance between successive steps
G horizontal distance between successive steps
α angle of inclination from the horizontal
Figure 3 — Dimensions of boarding means for operator stations
4.5.1.2.4 If parts of the boarding means are moveable, the operating force shall not exceed 200 N as the
average value when moving from the start to the stop position. The peak(s) shall not exceed 400 N.
4.5.1.2.5 When moving the boarding means, there shall be no shearing, pinching or uncontrollable
movement hazards to the operator.
4.5.1.2.6 Where, on tracked machines, the track shoes and track pad surfaces are intended to be used as
access steps, three-point contact support shall be provided to ensure safe boarding for the operator.
6 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

ISO 4254-1:2008(E)
4.5.1.3 Handrails/handholds
4.5.1.3.1 Handrails or handholds shall be provided on both sides of the boarding means and shall be so
designed that the operator can maintain three-point contact support at all times. The width of the
handrail/handhold cross section shall be between 25 mm and 38 mm. The lower end of the handrail/handhold
shall be located no higher than 1 500 mm from the ground surface. A minimum clearance of 50 mm shall be
provided for hand clearance between the handrail/handhold and the adjacent parts except at attaching points.
4.5.1.3.2 A handrail/handhold grab shall be provided above the uppermost step/rung of the boarding
means at a height between 850 mm and 1 100 mm. The handhold shall be at least 150 mm long.
4.5.2 Platforms
4.5.2.1 Platforms shall be flat and have a slip-resistant surface and, if necessary, provision for drainage.
4.5.2.2 Platforms — except those only used when the machine is stationary and which are less than
1 000 mm above the ground — shall be equipped with a foot guard, hand rail and intermediate rail around the
edge of the platform with the dimensions shown in Figure 4. No foot guard shall be provided at the entrance of
the platform.
In addition, if static machine components are used as a foot guard, handrail and/or intermediate rail, the
requirements given in 4.5.1.3.1 and 4.5.1.3.2 shall be fulfilled.
ISO 4254-1:2008(E)
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
r radius 50 mm max.
1 platform
2 foot guard
3 intermediate rail
4 hand rail
Figure 4 — Platform foot guard and hand rail
4.5.2.3 If the boarding means of platforms and cabs are made movable for transport purposes, provision
shall be made for railing off access to the platform or cab. For cabs equipped with a door, the cab door
satisfies this requirement.
8 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

ISO 4254-1:2008(E)
4.6 Boarding means for other than operator stations
4.6.1 Boarding means to locations other than the operator's station (e.g. leading to servicing or
maintenance locations) shall be provided with foot supports (e.g. rungs or steps) and handholds.
In addition, if static machine components are used as foot supports and/or handholds, the requirements given
in 4.5.1.3.1 and 4.5.1.3.2 and 4.5.1.2.1 shall be fulfilled.
4.6.2 Such boarding means shall comprise a series of successive steps as shown in Figure 5 and shall be
in accordance with a), b) or c), as follows.
a) The inclination α shall be between 70° and 90° from the horizontal (see Figure 5). Each step shall have a
slip-resistant surface, a lateral stop at each end and be so designed that any accumulation of mud and/or
snow is minimized in the normal conditions of work. The vertical and horizontal distance between
successive steps shall be within a tolerance of ± 20 mm.
b) The boarding means shall be a ladder. The top side of each rung shall have a horizontal slip-resistant
surface at least 30 mm from front to back. If rungs can be used as handholds, then rectangular section
rungs shall have corner radii W 5 mm.
c) The boarding means shall be in accordance with 4.5.1.2.
4.6.3 Servicing or maintenance locations shall have slip-resistant surfaces and suitable handholds.
4.6.4 When access is needed above or next to the PTO (power take-off) drive shaft, an adequate platform
and steps shall be provided in order to eliminate the need to use the PTO drive shaft or its guard as a step.
4.6.5 If boarding means are located such that there is the hazard of inadvertent contact with the PTO drive
shaft guard or PIC guard by reaching through the boarding means with foot or hand, provisions shall be made
for shielding on the rear of the boarding means.
4.6.6 By design, PTO drive shafts and their guards shall not be considered as steps.
ISO 4254-1:2008(E)
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 platform
2 step
3 ladder
4 rung
Figure 5 — Dimensions of boarding means for other than operator stations
4.7 Strength requirements for guards and barriers
4.7.1 Guards and barriers, and in particular barriers wit
...