EN ISO 4254-1:2005

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2006
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 1553:2000
Kmetijski stroji – Varnost – 1. del: Splošne zahteve (ISO 4254-1:2005)
Agricultural machinery - Safety - Part 1: General requirements (ISO 4254-1:2005)
Landmaschinen - Sicherheit - Teil 1: Generelle Anforderungen (ISO 4254-1:2005)
Matériel agricole - Sécurité - Partie 1: Exigences générales (ISO 4254-1:2005)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 4254-1:2005
ICS:
65.060.01 Kmetijski stroji in oprema na Agricultural machines and
splošno equipment in general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 4254-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
December 2005
ICS 65.060.01 Supersedes EN 1553:1999
English Version
Agricultural machinery - Safety - Part 1: General requirements
(ISO 4254-1:2005)
Matériel agricole - Sécurité - Partie 1: Exigences générales Landmaschinen - Sicherheit - Teil 1: Generelle
(ISO 4254-1:2005) Anforderungen (ISO 4254-1:2005)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 December 2005.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 4254-1:2005: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Foreword
The text of ISO 4254-1:2005 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 23 "Tractors and
machinery for agriculture and forestry" of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and
has been taken over as EN ISO 4254-1:2005 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 144 "Tractors and
machinery for agriculture and forestry", the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by June 2006.
This document supersedes EN 1553:1999.
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU
Directive(s).
Warning
In clause 4.6.7 and Annex C, this European Standard contains additional requirements, necessary
for its application in markets where EU Directive(s) are applicable.

For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
standard.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 4254-1:2005 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 4254-1:2005 without any
modifications.
ANNEX ZA
(informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC, amended by 98/79/EC

This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association to provide one means of conforming to
Essential Requirements of the New Approach "Machinery safety" Directive 98/37/EC, amended by
Directive 98/79/EC.
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Communities under that Directive
and has been implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the
normative clauses of this standard confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a
presumption of conformity with the relevant Essential Requirements, except Essential Requirements
1.5.9 and 3.2 (vibrations only) of that Directive and associated EFTA regulations.
WARNING: Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling
within the scope of this standard.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 4254-1
Third edition
2005-08-01
Agricultural machinery — Safety —
Part 1:
General requirements
Matériel agricole — Sécurité —
Partie 1: Exigences générales
Reference number
ISO 4254-1:2005(E)
©
ISO 2005
ISO 4254-1:2005(E)
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ii © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

ISO 4254-1:2005(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope .1
2 Normative references .1
3 Terms and definitions .2
4 Safety requirements and/or measures applicable to all machines .4
4.1 Fundamental principles, design guidance.4
4.2 Noise .4
4.3 Controls .4
4.4 Operator stations.5
4.4.1 Boarding means.5
4.4.2 Platforms .6
4.5 Boarding means for other than operator stations.8
4.6 Moving parts for power transmission .8
4.7 Strength requirements for guards and barriers .10
4.8 Supports for service and maintenance .10
4.8.1 General.10
4.8.2 Mechanical supports .10
4.8.3 Hydraulic locking devices.10
4.9 Electrical equipment.11
4.10 Hydraulic components and fittings.11
4.11 Pneumatic systems .11
4.12 Operating fluids .11
4.13 Manual operation of individual assemblies .11
4.14 Service, maintenance and handling.11
5 Safety requirements and/or measures — Self-propelled ride-on machines .12
5.1 Operator station.12
5.1.1 Access to operator's seat .12
5.1.2 Operator's seat.12
5.1.3 Propulsion and steering.12
5.1.4 Shearing and pinching points .13
5.1.5 Emergency exit .13
5.1.6 Cab material burring rate .13
5.1.7 Visibility .13
5.1.8 Starting and stopping the engine.13
5.2 Moving the machine .14
5.2.1 Attachments for towing.14
5.2.2 Moveable attachments .14
5.2.3 Use of lifting jacks .14
5.3 Electric .14
5.4 Fuel tank .14
5.5 Hot surfaces .15
5.6 Exhaust gases.15
6 Safety requirements and/or measures — Mounted, semi-mounted and trailed machines.15
6.1 Controls .15
6.2 Stability .15
6.2.1 General.15
6.2.2 Mounted and semi-mounted machines .15
6.2.3 Trailed machines with vertical load on draw bar hitch >>>> 500 N .16
ISO 4254-1:2005(E)
6.3 Hitches for towing. 16
6.4 Transmission of mechanical power between self-propelled machines/tractors and
recipient machinery . 16
6.4.1 Guarding . 16
6.5 Hydraulic, pneumatic and electrical connections with a self-propelled machine. 16
7 Verification of safety requirements or protective measures . 17
8 Information for use . 17
8.1 Operator's manual. 17
8.2 Safety and instructional signs. 19
8.3 Marking. 19
Annex A (informative) List of significant hazards. 20
Annex B (normative) Noise test code (engineering method grade 2). 25
Annex C (normative) Additional guard requirements. 29
Annex D (normative) Strength tests . 30
Bibliography . 33

iv © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

ISO 4254-1:2005(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 4254-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 23, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and
forestry, Subcommittee SC 3, Safety and comfort of the operator.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 4254-1:1989), which has been technically
revised. It also incorporates the Amendment ISO 4254-1:1989/Amd.1:1998.
ISO 4254 consists of the following parts, under the general title Agricultural machinery — Safety:
 Part 1: General requirements
 Part 2: Anhydrous ammonia applicators
 Part 3: Tractors
 Part 5: Power-driven soil-working equipment
 Part 6: Equipment for crop protection
 Part 7: Combine harvesters, forage and cotton harvesters
 Part 9: Equipment for sowing, planting and distributing fertilizers
Part 4, Forestry winches, is to be revised and published as ISO 19472, and part 6 is to be revised and
published under the title Sprayers and liquid fertilizer distributors.
ISO 4254-1:2005(E)
Introduction
The structure of safety standards in the field of machinery is as follows.
a) Type-A standards (basis standards) give basic concepts, principle for design, and general aspects that
can be applied to machinery;
b) Type-B standards (generic safety standards) dealing with one or more safety aspect(s) or one or more
type(s) of safeguards that can be used across a wide range of machinery:
 type-B1 standards on particular safety aspects (e.g. safety distances, surface temperature, noise);
 type-B2 standards on safeguards (e.g. two-hands controls, interlocking devices, pressure sensitive
devices, guards);
c) Type-C standards (machinery safety standards) dealing with detailed safety requirements for a particular
machine or group of machines.
This part of ISO 4254 is a type-C standard as stated in ISO 12100-1.
When provisions of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or type-B
standards, the provisions of this type-C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards
for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type-C standard.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and events are covered are
indicated in the scope of this part of ISO 4254. These hazards are specific to self-propelled ride-on, trailed,
semi-mounted and mounted agricultural machines.

vi © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4254-1:2005(E)

Agricultural machinery — Safety —
Part 1:
General requirements
1 Scope
This part of ISO 4254 specifies the general safety requirements and their verification for the design and
construction of self-propelled ride-on machines and mounted, semi-mounted or trailed machines used in
agriculture. In addition, it specifies the type of information on safe working practices (including residual risks)
to be provided by the manufacturer.
This part of ISO 4254 deals with significant hazards (as listed in Annex A), hazardous situations and events
relevant to this agricultural machinery used as intended and under the conditions foreseen by the
manufacturer (see Clause 4). For compliance with European Directives, Annex C is additionally applicable.
This part of ISO 4254 is not applicable to
 tractors,
 aircraft,
 air-cushion vehicles, or
 lawn and garden equipment.
This part of ISO 4254 is not applicable to environmental hazards, road safety, electromagnetic compatibility,
vibration or power take-off (PTO) and PTO drive shaft guarding between self-propelled machines/tractors and
the first bearing of recipient machinery. It is not applicable to hazards related to maintenance or repairs to be
carried out by professional service personnel.
NOTE ISO 14982 specifies test methods and acceptance criteria for evaluating the electromagnetic compatibility of
all kinds of mobile agricultural machinery.
This part of ISO 4254 is not applicable to machines which are manufactured before the date of its publication.
All of the hazards dealt with by this part of ISO 4254 will not necessarily be present on a particular machine.
For any machine covered by this part of ISO 4254, the provisions of the part of ISO 4254 directly applicable to
that type of machine, if available, take precedence over the provisions of this part of ISO 4254.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3600:1996, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment —
Operator's manuals — Content and presentation
ISO 4254-1:2005(E)
ISO 3744:1994, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound pressure —
Engineering method in an essentially free field over a reflecting plane
ISO 3767-1, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment —
Symbols for operator controls and other displays — Part 1: Common symbols
ISO 3767-2, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment —
Symbols for operator controls and other displays — Part 2: Symbols for agricultural tractors and machinery
ISO 3776, Tractors for agriculture — Seat belt anchorages
ISO 3795:1989, Road vehicles, and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Determination of
burning behaviour of interior materials
ISO 4413:1998, Hydraulic fluid power — General rules relating to systems
ISO 4414:1998, Pneumatic fluid power — General rules relating to systems
ISO 5353:1995, Earth-moving machinery, and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Seat
index point
ISO 11201:1995, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Measurement of emission
sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions — Engineering method in an
essentially free field over a reflecting plane
ISO 11204:1995, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Measurement of emission
sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions — Method requiring environmental
corrections
ISO 11684:1995, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment —
Safety signs and hazard pictorials — General principles
ISO/TR 11688-1:1995, Acoustics — Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and
equipment — Part 1:Planning
ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 1: Basic
terminology, methodology
ISO 12100-2:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 2: Technical
principles
ISO 13852:1996, Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent danger zones being reached by the
upper limbs
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
normal operation and service
use of the machine for the purpose intended by the manufacturer by an operator familiar with the machine
characteristics and complying with the information for operation, service and safe practices, as specified by
the manufacturer in the operator’s manual and by signs on the machine
3.2
three-point contact support
system which permits a person to simultaneously use two hands and a foot or two feet and one hand when
boarding, or dismounting from, a machine
2 © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

ISO 4254-1:2005(E)
3.3
guarded by location
guarding where a hazard is guarded by other parts or components of the machine that are not themselves
guards, or when the hazard cannot be reached by the upper and lower limbs
3.4
inadvertent contact
unplanned exposure of a person to a hazard resulting from the person's action during normal operation and
service of the machine
3.5
hand and foot reach
〈machines without cab〉 reach defined for hands by a sphere of 1 000 mm radius, centred on the seat
centreline, 60 mm in front of and 580 mm above the seat index point (SIP) as defined in ISO 5353 and for feet
by a hemisphere of 800 mm radius centred on the seat centreline at the front edge of the cushion and
extending downwards, with the seat in its central position
See Figure 1.
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 SIP (seat index point)
a
Hemisphere radius (feet).
b
Sphere radius (hands).
Figure 1 — Hand and foot reach
3.6
hand and foot reach
〈machines with cab〉 reach defined for hands by those portions, lying within the cab, of a sphere of 1 000 mm
radius, centred on the seat centreline, 60 mm in front of and 580 mm above the seat index point (SIP) as
defined in ISO 5353, and for feet by those portions, lying within the cab, of a hemisphere of 800 mm radius
centred on the seat centreline at the front edge of the cushion and extending downwards, with the seat in its
central position
3.7
normal access
access for operators for process control and adjusting, service or maintenance tasks during normal operation
according to the intended use of the machine
ISO 4254-1:2005(E)
4 Safety requirements and/or measures applicable to all machines
4.1 Fundamental principles, design guidance
4.1.1 The machine shall be designed according to the principles of risk reduction specified in
ISO 12100-1:2003, Clause 5, for hazards relevant but not significant.
4.1.2 Unless otherwise specified in this part of ISO 4254, safety distances shall comply with the
requirements given in ISO 13852:1996, Tables 1, 3, 4 or 6.
4.1.3 Functional components which need to be exposed for proper function, drainage or cleaning shall be
guarded without causing other hazards, for example risk of fire due to the accumulation of organic material
during the intended operation or use.
4.2 Noise
4.2.1 The technical information given in ISO/TR 11688-1 shall be used as means to design low-noise
machinery.
NOTE 1 ISO/TR 11688-2 also gives useful information on noise-generation mechanisms in machinery.
NOTE 2 Noise generation may vary considerably between machinery types. Noise reduction measures are therefore
dealt with in product specific standards.
4.2.2 Noise emission values, if required to be declared, shall be determined in accordance with Annex B
[see also 8.1.3 r)].
4.3 Controls
4.3.1 The controls and their different positions shall be identified and shall be explained in the operator's
manual [see 8.1.3 c)]. Symbols shall be in accordance with ISO 3767-1 and ISO 3767-2.
4.3.2 Pedals shall have a slip-resistant surface and be easy to clean.
4.3.3 Hand-operated controls requiring an actuating force W 100 N shall have a minimum clearance, a, of
50 mm between the outer contours or from adjacent parts of the machine (see Figure 2). Controls requiring an
actuating force < 100 N shall have a minimum clearance of 25 mm. This requirement does not apply to
fingertip operation controls, e.g. push-buttons, electric switches.
4.3.4 For requirements pertaining to machine-specific controls, see the relevant part(s) of ISO 4254.

a W 50, if force W 100 N
a W 25, if force < 100 N
Key
1 hand-operated control
2 adjacent part
Figure 2 — Clearance around hand-operated controls
4 © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

ISO 4254-1:2005(E)
4.3.5 Handle(s) located at least 300 mm from the nearest articulation shall be provided for manually folded
elements. The handle(s) can be integral parts of the machine provided they are suitably designed and clearly
identified. The force required for the manual folding operation shall not exceed 250 N as an average value
when moving from the start to the stop position. The peak(s) shall not exceed 400 N. There shall be no
shearing, pinching or uncontrollable movement hazards to the operator when folded.
4.4 Operator stations
4.4.1 Boarding means
4.4.1.1 General
4.4.1.1.1 If the vertical height of the operator station floor above ground level exceeds 550 mm, measured
on level ground and with the specified tires with the maximum diameter at specified inflation pressure [see
8.1.3 u)], a boarding means shall be provided. The dimensions shall be as shown in Figure 3.
4.4.1.1.2 Whenever the boarding means is located directly in line and forward of a wheel (i.e. within the
track of the machine), provision shall be made for a railing to be located on the wheel side. This does not
apply for the transport position.
Shielding shall be provided on the back of steps or ladders whenever a protruding hand or foot may contact a
hazardous part of the machine, e.g. wheel.
4.4.1.2 Steps and ladders
4.4.1.2.1 The height of the first step shall be achieved with the specified tyres and with the maximum
diameter at specified inflation pressure [see 8.1.3 u)]. The vertical distance between successive steps shall be
equal within a tolerance of ± 20 mm. Each step shall have a slip-resistant surface, a lateral stop at each end
and be so designed (e.g. mudguards, perforated steps) that an accumulation of mud and/or snow is minimized
under normal work conditions.
A flexible connection(s) between the first and second steps is permitted.
4.4.1.2.2 If ladders are used, their inclination, α, shall be between 70° and 90° from the horizontal (see
Figure 3).
4.4.1.2.3 Other operator stations with such boarding means having an inclination α from the horizontal of
less than 70° shall be in accordance with Figure 3 and the sum of 2B + G shall be u 700 mm, where B is the
vertical distance and G the horizontal distance between steps.
ISO 4254-1:2005(E)
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
A toe clearance, where A = 150 mm
B vertical distance between successive steps
G horizontal distance between successive steps
α angle of inclination from the horizontal
Figure 3 — Dimensions of boarding means for operator stations
4.4.1.2.4 If parts of the boarding means are moveable, the operating force shall not exceed 200 N as the
average value when moving from the start to the stop position. The peak(s) shall not exceed 400 N.
4.4.1.2.5 When moving the boarding means, there shall be no shearing, pinching or uncontrollable
movement hazards to the operator.
4.4.1.2.6 Where, on tracked machines, the track shoes and track pad surfaces are intended to be used as
access steps, three-point contact support shall be provided to ensure safe boarding for the operator.
4.4.1.3 Handrails/handholds
4.4.1.3.1 Handrails or handholds shall be provided on both sides of the boarding means and shall be so
designed that the operator can maintain three-point contact support at all times. The width of the
handrail/handhold cross section shall be between 25 mm and 38 mm. The lower end of the handrail/handhold
shall be located no higher than 1 500 mm from the ground surface. A minimum clearance of 50 mm shall be
provided for hand clearance between the handrail/handhold and the adjacent parts except at attaching points.
4.4.1.3.2 A handrail/handhold grab shall be provided above the uppermost step/rung of the boarding
means at a height between 850 mm and 1 100 mm. The handhold shall be at least 150 mm long.
4.4.2 Platforms
4.4.2.1 Platforms shall be flat and have a slip-resistant surface and, if necessary, provision for drainage.
4.4.2.2 Platforms — except those only used when the machine is stationary and which are less than
1 000 mm above the ground — shall be equipped with a foot guard, hand rail and intermediate rail around the
edge of the platform with the dimensions shown in Figure 4. No foot guard shall be provided at the entrance of
the platform.
In addition, if static machine components are used as a foot guard, handrail and/or intermediate rail, the
requirements given in 4.4.1.3.1 and 4.4.1.3.2 shall be fulfilled.
6 © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

ISO 4254-1:2005(E)
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
r radius 50 mm max.
1 platform
2 foot guard
3 intermediate rail
4 hand rail
Figure 4 — Platform foot guard and hand rail
4.4.2.3 If the boarding means of platforms and cabs are made movable for transport purposes, provision
shall be made for railing off access to the platform or cab. For cabs equipped with a door, the cab door
satisfies this requirement.
ISO 4254-1:2005(E)
4.5 Boarding means for other than operator stations
4.5.1 Boarding means to locations other than the operator's station (e.g. leading to servicing or
maintenance locations) shall be provided with foot supports (e.g. rungs or steps) and handholds.
In addition, if static machine components are used as a foot guard, handrail and/or intermediate rail, the
requirements given in 4.4.1.3.1 and 4.4.1.3.2 and 4.4.2.2 shall be fulfilled.
4.5.2 Such boarding means shall comprise a series of successive steps as shown in Figure 5 and shall be
in accordance with a), b) or c), as follows.
a) The inclination α shall be between 70° and 90° from the horizontal (see Figure 5). Each step shall have a
slip-resistant surface, a lateral stop at each end and be so designed that any accumulation of mud and/or
snow is minimized in the normal conditions of work. The vertical and horizontal distance between
successive steps shall be within a tolerance of ± 20 mm.
b) The boarding means shall be a ladder. The top side of each rung shall have a horizontal slip-resistant
surface at least 30 mm from front to back. If rungs can be used as handholds, then rectangular section
rungs shall have corner radii W 5 mm.
c) The boarding means shall be in accordance with 4.4.1.2.
4.5.3 Servicing or maintenance locations shall have slip-resistant surfaces and suitable handholds.
4.5.4 When access is needed above or next to the PTO (power take-off) drive shaft, an adequate platform
and steps shall be provided in order to eliminate the need to use the PTO drive shaft or its guard as a step.
4.5.5 If boarding means are located such that there is the hazard of inadvertent contact with the PTO drive
shaft guard or PIC guard by reaching through the boarding means with foot or hand, provisions shall be made
for shielding on the rear of the boarding means.
4.5.6 By design, PTO drive shafts and their guards shall not be considered as steps.
4.6 Moving parts for power transmission
4.6.1 Moving power transmission parts which generate hazards shall be guarded by location, by distance or
with a fixed guard.
4.6.2 The design of guards shall take into consideration the risk to the operator, the proper functioning of
the machine and the generation of other hazards such as drainage, avoidance of debris accumulation or
blockages, or the impediment of a machine’s material handling functions.
4.6.3 Guards shall be designed in such a way that normal operation and service of the machine can be
readily carried out.
4.6.4 Guards may be formed of a rigid mesh or grille. The size of the opening permitted depends on the
distance between the guard and the hazard/hazardous area as given in 4.1.2. The design of the guard shall
be such that it is not possible to distort the mesh or the grille during normal operation and use in such a way
that the opening size and distance relationship exceeds the limits given in 4.1.2.
4.6.5 If normal access is foreseen — for example, for adjustment or maintenance — guards shall be used
and, where practical, shall be of a type which remains attached to the machine (e.g. by means of hinges or
tethers).
8 © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

ISO 4254-1:2005(E)
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 platform
2 step
3 ladder
4 rung
Figure 5 — Dimensions of boarding means for other than operator stations
4.6.6 Machines with access doors or guards which can be opened or removed to expose machine elements
which continue to rotate or move after the power is disengaged shall have, in the immediate area, a readily
visible evidence of rotation, or an audible indication of rotation, or a suitable safety sign [see 8.1.3 i) and
8.2.4].
4.6.7 In certain countries, the additional requirements of Annex C apply.
ISO 4254-1:2005(E)
4.7 Strength requirements for guards and barriers
4.7.1 Guards and barriers, and in particular barriers with a vertical height from the ground of up to 550 mm,
whose use as access steps during normal use cannot be prevented, shall be designed so that they can
withstand a vertical load of 1 200 N. Conformance with this requirement shall be checked using the test given
in Annex D or an equivalent method which fulfils the same test acceptance criteria.
4.7.2 Barriers used as protection against hazards related to moving working parts shall withstand the
following horizontal loads:
 1 000 N, up to 400 mm from the ground in the working position;
 600 N, above 400 mm from the ground in the working position.
Conformance with these requirements shall be checked using the test given in Annex D or an equivalent
method.
4.8 Supports for service and maintenance
4.8.1 General
4.8.1.1 When it is necessary for the operator to work under raised parts of the machine in order to carry
out maintenance or service, mechanical supports or hydraulic locking devices shall be provided to prevent
inadvertent lowering.
Means other than mechanical or hydraulic devices are acceptable, provided an equal or greater level of safety
is ensured.
4.8.1.2 It shall be possible to control hydraulic locking devices and mechanical supports from outside the
hazard zones.
4.8.1.3 Mechanical supports and hydraulic locking devices shall be identified by use of a colour that
contrasts with the overall machine colour or by a safety sign located either on, or in close proximity to, the
device.
4.8.1.4 When the supports or hydraulic devices are controlled manually, their method of operation shall
be explained in the operator's manual [see 8.1.3 k)] and, if such operation is not intuitive, on the machine itself
using either a safety or informational sign.
4.8.2 Mechanical supports
4.8.2.1 Mechanical supporting devices shall withstand a load of 1,5 times the maximum static load to be
supported.
4.8.2.2 Detachable mechanical supports shall have a dedicated and clearly visible and identifiable
storage position on the machine.
4.8.3 Hydraulic locking devices
Hydraulic locking devices shall be located on the hydraulic cylinder or connected to the hydraulic cylinder by
rigid or flexible lines. In the latter case, the lines connecting the locking device to the hydraulic cylinder shall
be designed to withstand a pressure at least four times the rated maximum hydraulic pressure. This rated
maximum hydraulic pressure shall be specified in the operator's manual. The conditions for the replacement
of such flexible lines shall also be given in the operator's manual [see 8.1.3 l)].
10 © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

ISO 4254-1:2005(E)
4.9 Electrical equipment
4.9.1 Electrical cables shall be protected if located in potentially abrasive contact with surfaces and shall be
resistant to, or protected against, contact with lubricant or fuel. Electrical cables shall be located so that no
portion is in contact with the exhaust system, moving parts or sharp edges.
4.9.2 Fuses or other overload protection devices shall be installed in all electrical circuits except for the
starter-motor circuit and the high-tension spark ignition system. Electrical distribution of these devices
between circuits shall prevent the possibility of cutting-off all warning systems simultaneously.
4.10 Hydraulic components and fittings
4.10.1 Hydraulic systems shall comply with the safety requirements of ISO 4413.
4.10.2 Pressurized hoses, pipes and components shall be located or shielded so that in the event of rupture,
the fluid cannot be discharged directly onto the operator when in the operating position.
4.11 Pneumatic systems
Pneumatic systems shall comply with the safety requirements of ISO 4414.
4.12 Operating fluids
Changing of operating fluids, including the safety aspects, shall be explained in the operator’s manual [see
8.1.3 v)].
4.13 Manual operation of individual assemblies
If special tools are required for the manual operation of individual assemblies, these shall be supplied with the
machine and their use explained in the operator's manual [see 8.1.3 m)].
4.14 Service, maintenance and handling
4.14.1 The routine lubrication and maintenance operations shall be capable of being carried out in a safe
way, for example with the power source stopped.
4.14.2 Components which require frequent maintenance shall be accessible by means according to 4.5.
4.14.3 Hinged guards and doors shall be fitted with a means to retain them in the open position, if a hazard
from uncontrolled closing exists.
4.14.4 Parts of the machine that will be handled by the operator:
 if their mass is W 40 kg, they shall be designed or fitted with attachments so that the use of lifting
equipment is possible;
 if their mass is < 40 kg, they shall be fitted with handles or parts of the machine located so that safe
hand
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