EN 17084:2018

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2019
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Railway applications - Fire protection in railway vehicles - Toxicity test of materials and
components
Bahnanwendungen - Brandschutz in Schienenfahrzeugen - Prüfung der Toxizität von
Materialien und Komponenten
Applications ferroviaires - Protection contre les incendies dans les véhicules ferroviaires -
Essai de toxicité des matériaux et des composants
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 17084:2018
ICS:
13.220.40 Sposobnost vžiga in Ignitability and burning
obnašanje materialov in behaviour of materials and
proizvodov pri gorenju products
45.060.01 Železniška vozila na splošno Railway rolling stock in
general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN 17084
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
December 2018
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 13.220.40; 45.060.01
English Version
Railway applications - Fire protection on railway vehicles -
Toxicity test of materials and components
Applications ferroviaires - Protection contre les Bahnanwendungen - Brandschutz in
incendies dans les véhicules ferroviaires - Essai de Schienenfahrzeugen - Prüfung der Toxizität von
toxicité des matériaux et des composants Materialien und Komponenten
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 October 2018.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 17084:2018 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Principles . 7
4.1 Product assessment for toxicity . 7
4.1.1 General principles . 7
4.1.2 Method 1: Smoke Chamber . 8
4.1.3 Method 2: Tube Furnace . 8
4.2 Analysis of fire effluents . 8
5 Method 1 – Smoke chamber . 9
5.1 Gas sampling test apparatus . 9
5.2 Calibration . 12
5.2.1 General calibrations . 12
5.2.2 Chamber leakage test . 12
5.2.3 Gas analyser calibration . 12
5.3 Test environment . 13
5.4 Conditioning of samples . 13
5.5 Test specimen preparation. 13
5.6 Gas testing . 13
5.6.1 Pre-test conditions . 13
5.6.2 Testing . 13
5.6.3 Operation before each test . 14
5.6.4 Operation during a test . 14
5.6.5 Operation after each test . 15
5.7 Data analysis . 16
5.7.1 General . 16
5.7.2 Calculation of corrected volume fraction . 16
5.7.3 Calculation of time shift . 16
5.7.4 Variability of test results . 17
6 Method 2 – Tube furnace . 17
6.1 Test apparatus. 17
6.2 Test environment . 17
6.3 Conditioning of samples . 17
6.4 Test specimen preparation. 17
6.5 Test for gases . 17
7 Calculations of CIT . 18
7.1 Introduction . 18
7.2 Calculation of CIT – Method 1 . 19
G
7.3 Calculation of CIT – Method 2 . 20
NLP
8 Test report . 20
8.1 For all product tests (according to Method 1 or Method 2) . 20
8.2 For tests according to Method 1 . 21
8.3 For tests according to Method 2 . 22
Annex A (informative) Calculations of FED/FEC . 23
A.1 Calculation of FED . 23
A.2 Calculation of FEC. 23
A.3 Scaling term . 24
A.4 Reporting . 24
Annex B (informative) Worked Example of Calculation of FED and FEC . 25
Annex C (informative) Typical calibration procedure using certified gas cylinder . 40
C.1 General . 40
C.2 Set up of apparatus. 40
C.3 Calibration procedure . 41
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC aimed to be covered. 43
Bibliography . 44

European foreword
This document (EN 17084:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway
applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2019, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by June 2019.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC.
For relationship with EU Directive 2008/57/EC, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of
this document.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Introduction
This document has been developed with the aim to take over the content of EN 45545-2:2013+A1:2015,
Annex C.
NOTE It is also based on the results of the European project TRANSFEU - Transport Fire Safety Engineering in
the European Union - FP7 (Contract Number: 233786) [8], [9].
1 Scope
This document describes the measurement of the toxicity potential of the products of combustion based
on two test methods:
— Method 1: EN ISO 5659-2 Smoke chamber area-based test with Fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy (FTIR) gas analysis techniques;
— Method 2: NF X70-100-2 Tubular furnace small mass-based test.
NOTE 1 This document also specifies test equipment and set out the calculation procedures for evaluation of
toxicity data.
NOTE 2 This document can be used in addition to others for the determination of toxic gases from devices
installed in tunnel.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 45545-1, Railway applications — Fire protection on railway vehicles — Part 1: General
EN ISO 5659-2:2017, Plastics — Smoke generation — Part 2: Determination of optical density by a single-
chamber test (ISO 5659-2:2017)
EN ISO 13943, Fire safety — Vocabulary (ISO 13943)
ISO 8421-1, Fire protection — Vocabulary — Part 1: General terms and phenomena of fire
ISO 12828-1, Validation method for fire gas analysis — Part 1: Limits of detection and quantification
ISO 12828-2, Validation method for fire gas analysis — Part 2: Intralaboratory validation of
quantification methods
ISO 19701, Methods for sampling and analysis of fire effluents
ISO 19702:2015, Guidance for sampling and analysis of toxic gases and vapours in fire effluents using
Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy
NF X70-100-1, Fire tests — Analysis of gaseous effluents — Part 1: Methods for analysing gases stemming
from thermal degradation
NF X70-100-2, Fire tests — Analysis of gaseous effluents — Part 2: Tubular furnace thermal degradation
method
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 13943, ISO 8421-1 and
EN 45545-1 shall apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
CIT(n)
conventional index of toxicity (dimensionless value) where n is the elapsed time since the start of
testing in minutes
3.2
FEC
fractional effective concentration
Note 1 to entry: For full details see EN ISO 13943.
3.3
FED
fractional effective dose
Note 1 to entry: For full details see EN ISO 13943.
4 Principles
4.1 Product assessment for toxicity
4.1.1 General principles
Test specimens for a product used in a railway vehicle are heated to induce combustion under
controlled conditions. The gases are analysed to determine the potential toxicity of the combustion
products.
The product shall be tested in relation to the surface exposed in the real conditions of use. In the case
where both surfaces are exposed and the product is not symmetrical, each surface shall be tested.
The specimens shall be representative of the product to be tested. They shall be cut, sawn, formed or
printed from the same sample area of material and shall be the same thickness and density as in end
use, as far as is practicable.
Covering materials shall be prepared to be as similar to end use conditions as practicable. The test
specimen may include adhesives, varnishes, substrates and supports. Details of test specimen
preparation shall be reported.
The conditions selected are representative of fires that may impact on the railway product during either
the developing stages or the developed stage of a fire inside or outside the railway vehicle.
There are two methods detailed in this document that shall be used for determining the composition of
gases generated by the combustion of specified railway products:
— Method 1: EN ISO 5659-2 Smoke chamber area-based test with Fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy (FTIR) gas analysis techniques;
— Method 2: Tubular furnace NF X70-100-2 Small mass-based test.
The document, which specifies the reaction to fire performance requirements of the product, such as
EN 45545-2, shall indicate which test method, test specifications and testing rules are to be used and
results required.
CIT values shall be calculated in accordance with this document (see Clause 7).
In the case of Method 1, FED and FEC values should also be calculated (see Annex A).
4.1.2 Method 1: Smoke Chamber
This method is based on the exposure of a test specimen to radiant heat with or without application of a
pilot flame.
The test apparatus for Method 1 is described in EN ISO 5659-2 with additional information provided in
this document.
This method gives toxicity data which is processed according to Clause 7 for product evaluation and
eventual classification purposes (which are outside the scope of this document).
NOTE The smoke density measurement can be made simultaneously as described in EN ISO 5659-2.
4.1.3 Method 2: Tube Furnace
This method is based on the exposure of small test specimens (mass of 1 g) to heat in a tube furnace.
The test apparatus and procedures for Method 2 are described in NF X70-100-2 and ISO 19701, with
additional information provided in this document.
This method gives toxicity data, which is processed according to Clause 7 for product evaluation and
eventual classification purposes (which are outside the scope of this document).
4.2 Analysis of fire effluents
For the scope of this document, the following 8 gas components shall be analysed:
— CO , carbon dioxide;
— CO, carbon monoxide;
— HF, hydrogen fluoride;
— HCl, hydrogen chloride;
— HBr, hydrogen bromide;
— HCN, hydrogen cyanide;
— SO , sulfur dioxide;
— NO , oxides of nitrogen.
x
NOTE 1 NO includes NO2 and NO quoted as NO .
x 2
The conventional index of toxicity, CIT, shall be calculated:
— CIT : Method 1, according to 7.2;
G
— CIT : Method 2, according to 7.3.
NLP
Values of FED and FEC should be calculated for Method 1 in accordance with Annex A.
NOTE 2 FED and FEC are calculated to allow comparative data to be accumulated in anticipation of a change
from CIT to FED and FEC.
5 Method 1 – Smoke chamber
5.1 Gas sampling test apparatus
The test apparatus specified in EN ISO 5659-2 shall be used.
The gas sampling system shall conform to the general requirements set out in ISO 19702 and shall
conform to the specific requirements set out in this document.
The gas sampling system shall consist of a sampling probe, a main filter, a gas sampling line, a
secondary filter, a gas cell, a pressure transducer, an optional cooler, a pump and a flowmeter. The main
filter shall be located directly after the probe. The gas analyser shall be located after the end of the
sampling line and up-stream of the pump. An example of suitable sampling system is shown in Figure 1.
Other arrangements are possible, if they respect key points of this document: flow rate conditions, main
heated filter just after the smoke chamber and sampling probe, and a heated zone from outlet of the
smoke density chamber to the outlet of the FTIR gas cell, no gas return system.
The smoke density chamber shall be equipped with a pressure transducer, which allows recording
internal pressure P as function of time.
chamber
Key
A EN ISO 5659-2 smoke chamber and sampling probe F2 secondary heated filter, see 5.1.4
B thermocouple extremity, see 5.1.1 G pump
C heated sampling line, see 5.1.3 H flowmeter
D FTIR heated gas cell, see 5.1.5 I to exhaust, at atmospheric pressure
E gas cooler P pressure transducer
F1 3-way valve and main heated filter, see 5.1.2 T thermocouple transducer
Figure 1 — Schematic of an example layout of sampling system
5.1.1 Sampling probe.
The internal probe shall be made from a 5 mm ± 0,1 mm internal diameter stainless steel tube with a
closed end, as shown in Figure 2. It shall be fixed in the central point of the chamber roof and projected
into the chamber by 80 mm from the chamber ceiling.
The probe shall have three 2 mm ± 0,1 mm diameter sampling holes, facing toward the rear of the
chamber, as shown in Figure 2, positioned at 40 mm ± 0,5 mm, 55 mm ± 0,5 mm and 70 mm ± 0,5 mm
measured from the internal ceiling of the chamber.
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 chamber ceiling
2 thermocouple
3 probe with three holes (2 mm diameter)
A closed end
Figure 2 — Internal probe
Close to the central hole on the internal probe, a shielded thermocouple (K-type, maximum diameter
2 mm) shall be placed at a distance of (8 ± 2) mm from the hole, to measure the temperature of the gas
being sampled.
The thermocouple shall be positioned to the side of the internal probe and on the side furthest from the
radiative cone and/or the burning test specimen.
The temperature shall be recorded when the sampling has been made in order to calculate the mass
concentration of gas species.
5.1.2 Main filter.
The FTIR cell shall be protected by a filter unit from contamination of soot and other solid particles that
are often contained in fire effluents. The filter unit shall be such that the filter element can be changed.
ISO 19702 describes characteristics of suitable filter units.
The main filter unit shall be placed between the chamber and the sampling line, immediately after the
3-way valve placed after the sampling probe (see F1 in Figure 1). The temperature of the filtering
system shall be set to (180 ± 10) °C.
NOTE A filtering system constituted of a cylindrical PTFE cartridge of 30 mm diameter and 75 mm length
with porosity of 2 µm inside a heated housing has been found suitable for the purpose of this analysis.
The use of PTFE is recommended as it is not reactive with fire effluents. Fibre glass is often
inappropriate as it is known to react with HF, and ceramic wool is often inappropriate as it is known to
absorb hydrogen halides even at high temperature.
5.1.3 Sampling line before gas cell.
The sampling line used between the main filter and the FTIR gas cell shall be made of a heated flexible
PTFE tube. The sampling line shall have an inner diameter of (4,0 ± 0,2) mm and a maximum length of
3 m. Temperature of the sampling line shall be (180 ± 10) °C. The sampling line shall be manufactured
so that the PTFE tube is able to be replaced as needed.
5.1.4 Secondary filter.
To increase the level of protection of internal mirrors, a secondary filter shall be placed just before FTIR
gas cell. This secondary filter shall be heated to the same temperature as the sampling line and gas cell.
NOTE A small circular planar filter (47 mm diameter) using a 1 µm porosity PTFE membrane has been found
suitable as secondary filter.
5.1.5 FTIR gas cell.
The gas cell used shall have a volume not greater than 0,5 l. Temperature of the gas cell shall be
(180 ± 10) °C. Pressure shall be monitored and corrected, in order to maintain pressure conditions
during the test identical to the calibration pressure with a maximum deviation of ± 1,33 kPa, as
specified in ISO 19702.
The renewal of gas in the cell is at least 3 renewals per minute. The response time of the analysis,
determined according to ISO 19702, shall be short enough to permit at least acquisition of 3 spectra per
minute so that the interval between spectra is less or equal to 20 s. Other systems shall be allowed if
they demonstrate the compliance with these performance requirements.
NOTE Gas cells with a volume from 0,2 l to 0,4 l and an optical path length from 2 m up to 5 m have been
found suitable for the purposes of this document.
5.1.6 Conditioning of sampling flow and pump capacity.
The flow rate shall be maintained at (1,5 ± 0,1) l/min, using a flowmeter connected to an outlet at
ambient pressure. The flow rate shall be maintained using a manual regulation valve or an automatic
flow control system. The temperature of the gas entering in the flowmeter shall be less than 30 °C.
NOTE A gas cooler followed by a pump with a capacity of at least four times the inner volume of the gas cell
plus gas sampling line per minute has been found suitable.
5.1.7 Sampling flow rate.
The sampling flow rate shall be maintained to (1,5 ± 0,1) l/min during the test.
NOTE Sampling flow rate of (1,5 ± 0,1) l/min has been found suitable for the following reasons [8]:
1) No influence has been found on smoke density measurement according to EN ISO 5659-2.
2) The volume drawn out of the chamber during 20 min is limited so as to avoid any under-pressure effects
inside the Smoke Chamber.
5.1.8 FTIR Spectrometer.
The following FTIR spectrometer parameters are required for application of this document:
— an IR source stabilized at high intensity and temperature;
-1 -1 -1
— a resolution better or equal to 4 cm over a range between 600 cm and 4 400 cm ;
-1
— a resolution of 0,5 cm is recommended to correct from interference;
— a measurement interval (interval between spectra) ≤ 20 s.
The Minimum Detection Limit for gas species of interest (MDL) depends on the type of gas, and is
determined according to ISO 12828-1.
−6
NOTE An MDL ≤ 15 × 10 l/l (≤15 µl/l) is suggested for the majority of species, except for carbon dioxide for
−6
which MDL is usually < 300 × 10 l/l (<300 µl/l).
5.2 Calibration
5.2.1 General calibrations
The following elements shall be calibrated with the periodicity mentioned:
— chamber leakage according to 5.2.2: daily;
— cone radiator irradiance according to EN ISO 5659-2: daily;
— smoke density measurement system according to EN ISO 5659-2: every 6 months;
— FTIR gas analyser: performance is checked each day of use, see 5.6.1.
5.2.2 Chamber leakage test
Perform the Smoke Chamber leakage test in accordance with EN ISO 5659-2:2017, 7.6 and 9.6. The
leakage test is essential for this test method, and the following section details the procedure to be
applied in addition to EN ISO 5659-2.
Use a heated three-position valve connected just outside the smoke chamber and before the main filter
to perform this leakage test.
5.2.3 Gas analyser calibration
The principle of FTIR gas analyser calibration is to collect a series of absorbance spectra for each gas
species to be analysed. For the purpose of this document, FTIR shall be calibrated for all gases that are
required to satisfy the test requirements. The laboratory shall follow ISO 12828-2 to validate the
method.
NOTE The list of gases to be analysed defined in subclause 4.2 might be extended by a product specification
or other document that refers to this European Standard.
For calibration of the gas analyser, the use of some pressure reducing valves has proven to diminish the
detectable concentration of HF, HCl and HBr, probably due to reaction with the alloy inside the valves. It
is recommended for these gases to consider drawing the gases directly downstream of the main valve of
the gas bottle, including a 3-way piece for excessive gas flow.
In order to take interference properly into consideration, it is possible to calibrate additional species
too, as stated in ISO 19702.
Calibration of the FTIR gas analyser shall be made with the same measurement parameters settings as
that used for measurement during a test. It is essential that calibrations are made with cell temperature
and pressure as close as possible to those specified for the test. Detailed requirements are given in
ISO 19702 and in 5.6.4.
The use of certified gas cylinder standards is recommended. A calibration procedure found suitable is
described in Annex C. Alternative calibration methods proposed in ISO 19702 are permitted as long as
these are traceable and validated. The calibration of FTIR gas analyser is normally very stable and last
as long as the characteristics of the gas cell are maintained and the equipment parameters properly
checked.
In order to maintain confidence in the daily test results, address the status of the FTIR instrument by a
daily check of wavelength repeatability and instrument throughput (detector signal level). The use of a
control standard is recommended as stated in ISO 19702 for daily check of instrument status. A
certified commercial gas mixture of e.g. carbon monoxide or any other stable gas compound shall be
used as required in ISO 19702:2015, 8.2.2.
5.3 Test environment
The test equipment shall be placed at a temperature between 15 °C and 35 °C, and a relative humidity
between 20 % and 80 %. In addition, the test chamber shall be placed under a hood able to extract the
smoke from the test chamber after the end of each test. The discharge valve of the test chamber should
be connected to an exhaust fan.
5.4 Conditioning of samples
Test specimens shall be conditioned until constant weight is attained (either ∆m < 0,1 % or Δm < 0,1 g
in 24 h) in a standard atmosphere of (23 ± 2) °C and (50 ± 5) % R.H.
5.5 Test specimen preparation
Test specimens shall be prepared according to EN ISO 5659-2, subject to the additional requirement for
specimens 12,5 mm thick or less set out in this document.
Specimens which, when wrapped, are 12,5 mm thick or less shall be backed with a sheet of non-
combustible insulating board of oven-dry density (850 ± 100) kg/m and nominal thickness 12,5 mm.
For specimens which are thicker than 12,5 mm but less than 25 mm, add a layer of low-density
3 3
(nominally 65 kg/m ± 10 kg/m ) refractory-fibre blanket.
Where the total thickness is still less than 25 mm, add a layer of low-density (nominally
3 3
65 kg/m ± 10 kg/m ) refractory-fibre blanket under the non-combustible board.
5.6 Gas testing
5.6.1 Pre-test conditions
The operations of calibration and preparation of the equipment for the test, and also the procedures for
carrying out the test, shall follow those specified in EN ISO 5659-2 with the following changes reported.
The filters, the sampling line and the FTIR gas cell shall be heated for a minimum time of 60 min with
ambient air at specified air flow before starting the daily series of tests, to allow thermal stabilization.
The FTIR instrument shall be controlled daily according to ISO 19702:2015, 8.2.
Set the cone radiator to obtain the required irradiance level for testing according to the calibration
results and let the system stabilize for at least 40 min.
5.6.2 Testing
The test shall be carried out according to EN ISO 5659-2 plus the steps described in the following
paragraphs.
For each same sample in each mode, normally three specimens should be tested.
5.6.3 Operation before each test
a) The chamber wall temperature measured according to EN ISO 5659-2:2017, 7.2.3 shall be the
following:
— (40 ± 5) °C for cone radiator at 25 kW/m or;
— (50 ± 5) °C for cone radiator at 25 kW/m with 50 mm of distance between the sample and
cone (for intumescent products) or;
— (55 ± 5) °C for cone radiator at 50 kW/m or;
— (65 ± 5) °C for cone radiator at 50 kW/m with 50 mm of distance between the sample and
cone (for intumescent products).
b) Before each test, check carefully the condition of the internal walls of the test chamber and clean
them to remove all dirty layers/particles.
Use of alcohol or other volatile solvents for cleaning the chamber wall is not recommended,
because it is possible that the solvent will affect the gas analysis.
c) Clean the external surface of the internal probe for FTIR sampling and the hole of the probe.
d) Clean or change the filter element of main filtering system prior to the start of the test.
e) Change the filter membrane of secondary filter prior a test series on a new product.
f) Before each test, flush the sampling line and cell with nitrogen or dried ambient air for at least
2 min.
g) Collect the background reference spectrum with the sampling line and cell flushed with nitrogen
gas or ambient air at working sampling flow rate.
Acquiring the background reference spectrum on nitrogen is adequate for low noise on
background. If carbon dioxide is one of the species of interest, background on nitrogen will also add
atmospheric CO to the measurement. This fraction shall be removed after the test for data
processing. All other species are supposed to be absent from normal atmosphere before test.
h) Start the pump and let air flow through the sampling line for at least 10 min to flush the line and set
the pre-established operative sampling flow rate. During this operation, the pressure in the
sampling line and the gas cell shall remain constant.
i) Close the chamber door, and calibrate the 0 % and 100 % transmittance values of the smoke
density measuring system.
It is not necessary to change the filter elements between each test if there is no clogging (for example if
the pressure deviation is less than ± 4 kPa) and no residual species are found in the background
conducted prior to the test run. Change the primary filter at least prior a test series on a new product.
5.6.4 Operation during a test
a) After recording the background spectrum, and setting the 0 % and 100 % transmission, start
recording the following data at least 1 min before introducing the sample:
˙
— Sampling point temperature (T ) with up to 20 s time interval between data;
s
˙
— Chamber pressure (P ) with up to 20 s time interval between data;
chamber
— FTIR gas cell Pressure transmitter with up to 20 s time interval between data;
— FTIR spectra continuous collection with an interval time of up to 20 s between spectra.
Record all the above measurements until the end of the test.
The test is invalid if temperature of the gas cell deviates more than ± 10 °C from calibration
temperature or if pressure of the gas cell deviates more than ± 4 kPa.
The collection of spectra needs to start one minute before the beginning of the test in order to allow for
the detection of any significant contaminants so that the test can be aborted if such contaminants are
discovered. Ambient CO and other significant contaminants shall be measured quantitatively (during
this pre-measurement period) and can be subtracted from reported values.
Response time shall have been previously determined according to the procedure described in
ISO 19702. The gas concentration curves shall be time shifted taking into consideration this delay time,
see 12.3.
b) After 1 min, open the chamber door and introduce the test specimen, start the clock and close the
chamber door within 5 s;
c) Start the data collection (of the smoke test) at the same time;
d) Close the inlet and exhaust vents of Smoke Chamber;
e) The collection of all vector data shall be performed for a further duration as indicated in the
document which specifies the reaction fire performance requirements of the product, such as
EN 45545-2;
f) During the test note the ignition time and end of flaming.
In cases when the gas cell pressure deviates by more than ± 4 kPa due to strongly smoking materials
which clog the filters, the data collection may be discontinuous, collecting spectra at 2 min, 4 min, 6 min,
8 min and 10 min.
If during any of the regular runs with continuous sampling the gas chamber pressure deviates more
than ± 4 kPa especially at the 4 min or 8 min sampling, this run needs to be repeated with discontinuous
measurement. The subsequent runs that still may be required in order to achieve 3 valid test runs shall
be performed with discontinuous measurement.
NOTE Where the discontinuous method is used, the time shift can be determined by the procedure proposed
in ISO 19702:2015, Annex D. This time shift is taken into account to determine the sampling time required.
5.6.5 Operation after each test
To keep the mirrors of the FTIR cell clean from aerosol particles, purge the cell, filters and sampling line
with pure nitrogen at the end of each test for at least 3 min.
NOTE A 3-way valve from the sampling probe or nitrogen cylinder to the main filter inlet is suitable for this
purpose.
5.7 Data analysis
5.7.1 General
Collect concentration vector data of the calibrated gases (if detected) according to 5.6.4 and correct the
data in accordance with 5.7.2.
If background has been performed on nitrogen instead of dried ambient air, correct CO concentration
from the initial concentration in air.
Carry out the gas analysis of collected FTIR spectra in accordance with ISO 19702.
5.7.2 Calculation of corrected volume fraction
If the cell pressure during a test is different from calibration pressure at any time, this shall be
corrected according to ISO 19702. Corrections are permitted when the cell pressure deviates by a
maximum of ± 4 kPa. and is the corrected volume fraction vector of gas species (µl/l).
φ c
Once and for each detected gas species has been calculated, convert it in mass concentration (C in
φ c m
mg/m ) using the following formula:

PM×
chamber gas


C ϕ×
mc

R× T
s
where

C is the vector of mass concentration of gas species expressed in mg/m ;
m
 is the corrected volume fraction expressed in µl/l;
ϕ
c

is the pressure in the Smoke Chamber measured as a vector during the test, in Pa;
P
chamber
-1
M
is the molar mass of the gas, in kg.mol ;
gas
R -1 -1
is gas constant equal to 8.3143 J.mol K ;

is the sampling temperature measured as a vector during the test (K).
T
s
5.7.3 Calculation of time shift
Depending on total inner volume of sampling system, a time shift exists between Smoke Chamber
sampling point and the FTIR gas cell. If this time shift is greater than FTIR spectra collection interval, it
shall be corrected.
Procedure proposed in ISO 19702:2015, Annex D could be used to determine the time shift.
NOTE This procedure could be applied introducing CO at the inlet of main heated filter and measuring the
response time t as proposed in ISO 19702. If t is greater than FTIR spectra collection interval, then t is reduced
r r r
to the time value corresponding to each measurement.
In addition, there an evaluation should be conducted to compensate for pressure deviations within a
tolerance of ± 4 kPa from the pressure used for the calibration.
=
5.7.4 Variability of test results
For toxicity data, if a value of CIT calculated in accordance with Clause 7 differs from the average CIT
value for the set of three specimens of which it is part by more than 50 % of that average for no
apparent reason, further testing shall be undertaken.
If further testing is required, an additional set of three specimens from the same sample in the same
mode shall be tested and the average of all six results obtained shall be recorded.
A high variability in test results may be a consequence of product inhomogeneity or inherent variability
in fire behaviour of the product in the test conditions. Such behaviour shall be reported in test report.
6 Method 2 – Tube furnace
6.1 Test apparatus
The test apparatus shall be according to NF X 70-100-2.
6.2 Test environment
The test equipment shall be placed at a temperature between 15 °C and 35 °C, and a relative humidity
between 20 % and 80 %. The tubular furnace shall be placed under a hood able to extract the smoke.
6.3 Conditioning of samples
In the place of the requirements set out in NF X 70-100-2 the following requirement applies.
Test specimens shall be prepared from product samples that have been conditioned until constant
weight is attained (either ∆m < 0,1 % or Δm < 0,1 g in 24 h) in a standard atmosphere of (23 ± 2) °C and
(50 ± 5) % R.H.
6.4 Test specimen preparation
The tested specimen shall be according to NF X 70-100-2.
For multilayer products, the 1 g tested specimen shall be representative for the mass proportions of the
different layers in the end use applications.
6.5 Test for gases
The procedure for generation and analysis of fire effluents is described in NF X 70-100-1.
A variety of gas analysis methods are specified as suitable for use with the NF X 70-100-2 tubular
furnace method and ISO 19701; these methods are detailed for individual gases in Table 1.
Where alternative sampling and/or analytical techniques are used, the evidence for the equivalence
shall be included with the test report.
Table 1 — Analytical methods that may be used with Method 2
Gas Method of analysis Section of NF X 70–100–1 Section of ISO 19701
CO Non-dispersive infrared spectrometry 7.1.1 5.1
CO Non-dispersive infrared spectrometry 7.1.2 5.2
HF Spectrophotometry 7.2.1
Ion chromatography  5.6.2
Specific electrode ionometry 7.2.2 5.6.1
HCl Titrimetry using a silver electrode 7.3.1 5.5.3
Ion chromatography 7.3.2 5.5.2
Specific electrode ionometry  5.5.1
HBr Titrimetry using a silver electrode 7.4.1 5.5.3
Ion chromatography 7.4.2 5.5.2
Specific electrode ionometry  5.5.1
HCN Spectrophotometry 7.5.1
Ion chromatography 7.5.2 5.4.3
Colourimetry (chloramine T)  5.4.1
Colourimetry (acid picric)  5.4.2
SO Ion chromatography 7.6 5.12
NO, NO Chemiluminescence 7.7 5.7.1
x
NO Ion chromatography 7.8 5.7.2
Other methods of analysis (such as FTIR) may also be used with Method 2 after a reference
determination according to I
...