EN 12976-2:2006

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2006
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SIST EN 12976-2:2002
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Thermal solar systems and components - Factory made systems - Part 2: Test methods
Thermische Solaranlagen und ihre Bauteile - Vorgefertigte Anlagen - Teil 2:
Prüfverfahren
Installations solaires thermiques et leurs composants - Installations préfabriquées en
usine - Partie 2: Méthodes d'essai
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 12976-2:2006
ICS:
27.160 6RQþQDHQHUJLMD Solar energy engineering
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 12976-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
January 2006
ICS 27.160 Supersedes EN 12976-2:2000
English Version
Thermal solar systems and components - Factory made
systems - Part 2: Test methods
Installations solaires thermiques et leurs composants - Thermische Solaranlagen und ihre Bauteile - Vorgefertigte
Installations préfabriquées en usine - Partie 2: Méthodes Anlagen - Teil 2: Prüfverfahren
d'essai
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 December 2005.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 12976-2:2006: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword .4
Introduction.5
1 Scope .7
2 Normative references .7
3 Terms and definitions.7
4 Symbols and abbreviations.8
5 Testing .8
5.1 Freeze resistance.8
5.1.1 General .8
5.1.2 Systems using antifreeze fluid.8
5.1.3 Drain-back systems .9
5.1.4 Drain-down systems .9
5.1.5 Freeze protection and control functions combined .9
5.1.6 Other systems .9
5.2 Over temperature protection.10
5.2.1 Purpose .10
5.2.2 Apparatus .10
5.2.3 Procedure .10
5.2.4 Reporting requirements .11
5.3 Pressure resistance.11
5.3.1 Purpose .11
5.3.2 Apparatus .11
5.3.3 Safety precaution.11
5.3.4 Procedure .12
5.3.5 Reporting requirements .12
5.4 Water contamination.13
5.5 Lightning protection .13

5.6 Safety equipment .13
5.6.1 Safety valves .13
5.6.2 Safety lines and expansion lines .13
5.6.3 Blow-off lines .13
5.7 Labelling .13
5.8 Thermal performance characterisation .13
5.8.1 Introduction.13
5.8.2 Test procedure .14
5.8.3 Prediction of yearly performance indicators .14
5.9 Ability of solar-plus-supplementary systems to cover the load.19
5.9.1 General .19

5.9.2 Boundary conditions for auxiliary heating.19
5.9.3 Boundary conditions for daily load .19
5.9.4 Determination of the ability to cover the maximum daily load by means of testing the
system .20
5.9.5 Determination of the ability to cover the maximum daily load by means of numerical
simulations.20
5.10 Reverse flow protection .20
5.11 Electrical safety.21
Annex A (normative) Thermal performance presentation sheet.22
Annex B (normative) Reference conditions for performance prediction .25
B.1 General .25
B.2 Pipe diameter and insulation thickness .27
B.3 Calculation of cold water temperature at reference location .28
Annex C (informative) Extreme climate test procedure for the assessment of the frost resistance
of solar DHW systems with outdoor tank .30
C.1 Indoor test procedure for assessment of the frost resistance of solar DWH
systems with outdoor tank .30
C.1.1 Objective and applicability.30
C.1.2 Apparatus and mounting of the system.30
C.1.3 Test procedure.33
C.1.4 Test conditions .35
C.1.5 Results.39
C.2 Indoor test procedure for assessment of the reliability of solar DWH systems in
respect of overheating protection.39
C.2.1 Objective and applicability.39
C.2.2 Apparatus and mounting of the system.39
C.2.3 Test procedure.42
C.2.4 Test conditions .43
C.2.5 Results.44
Annex D (informative) Ageing test for thermostatic valves .46

D.1 General .46
D.2 Test arrangement.46
D.3 Test Procedure.47
D.4 Results.47

Annex E (informative) Lightning protection test for solar heating systems .48
E.1 Field of application .48
E.2 Purpose .48
E.3 Requirements.48
E.4 Apparatus .49
E.5 Test procedure.49
E.5.1 Test conditions .49
E.5.2 Solar heating system installation .49
E.5.3 Separation distance S .49
t
E.5.4 Size of the bonding cable or strip.49
E.5.5 Bridging between tank and supports .50
E.5.6 Bridging between collectors and supports.50
E.5.7 Bridging between collectors and tank.50

E.5.8 Connecting terminal with Lightning Protection System (LPS).50
E.5.9 Metal sheets covering parts of the solar heating system .50
E.5.10 Heating effects due to lightning currents .50
E.5.11 Mechanical durability due to lightning mechanical loads .50
E.6 Report .50
E.7 Conclusions .50
Annex F (informative) Lightning Protection testing sheet .51
Bibliography.55

Foreword
This European Standard (EN 12976-2:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 312
“Thermal solar systems and components”, the secretariat of which is held by ELOT.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the
latest by July 2006.
This European Standard supersedes EN 12976-2:2000.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Introduction
Drinking water quality
In respect of potential adverse effects on the quality of water intended for human consumption, caused by the
product covered by this standard:
a) This standard provides no information as to whether the product may be used without restriction in any
of the Member States of the EU or EFTA;
b) It should be noted that, while awaiting the adoption of verifiable European criteria, existing national
regulations concerning the use and/or the characteristics of this product remain in force.
Factory Made and Custom Built solar heating systems
The standards EN 12976-1 as well as EN 12976-2 and the prestandards ENV 12977-1 to ENV 12977-3
distinguish two categories of solar heating systems: Factory Made solar heating systems and Custom Built solar
heating systems. The classification of a system as Factory Made or Custom Built is a choice of the final supplier,
in accordance with the following definitions:
Factory Made solar heating systems are batch products with one trade name, sold as complete and ready
to install kits, with fixed configurations. Systems of this category are considered as a single product and
assessed as a whole.
If a Factory Made Solar Heating System is modified by changing its configuration or by changing one or more
of its components, the modified system is considered as a new system for which a new test report is
necessary. Requirements and test methods for Factory Made solar heating systems are given in EN 12976-1
and EN 12976-2.
Custom Built solar heating systems are either uniquely built, or assembled by choosing from an assortment
of components. Systems of this category are regarded as a set of components. The components are
separately tested and test results are integrated to an assessment of the whole system. Requirements for
Custom Built solar heating systems are given in ENV 12977-1; test methods are specified in ENV 12977-2
and ENV 12977-3.
Custom Built solar heating systems are subdivided into two categories:
-  Large Custom Built systems are uniquely designed for a specific situation. In general HVAC
engineers, manufacturers or other experts design them.
-  Small Custom Built systems offered by a company are described in a so-called assortment file, in
which all components and possible system configurations, marketed by the company, are specified.
Each possible combination of a system configuration with components from the assortment is
considered as one Custom Built system.
Table 1 shows the division for different system types:
Table 1 - Division for factory made and custom built solar heating systems
Factory Made Solar Heating Systems Custom Built Solar Heating Systems
(EN 12976-1, -2) (ENV 12977-1, -2, -3)
Integral collector-storage systems for Forced-circulation systems for hot water preparation
domestic hot water preparation and/or space heating, assembled using components
Thermosiphon systems for domestic hot and configurations described in a documentation file
water preparation (mostly small systems)
Forced-circulation systems as batch Uniquely designed and assembled systems for hot water
product with fixed configuration for preparation and/or space heating
domestic hot water preparation
(mostly large systems)
NOTE 1 Forced circulation systems can be classified either as Factory Made or as Custom Built, depending on the
market approach chosen by the final supplier.
NOTE 2 Both Factory Made and Custom Built systems are performance tested under the same set of reference
conditions as specified in Annex B of the present standard and Annex A of ENV 12977-2:2001. In practice, the
installation conditions may differ from these reference conditions.
NOTE 3 A Factory Made system for domestic hot water preparation may have an option for space heating,
however this option should not be used or considered during testing as a Factory Made system.
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies test methods for validating the requirements for Factory Made Thermal
Solar Heating Systems as specified in EN 12976-1. The standard also includes two test methods for thermal
performance characterization by means of whole system testing.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this European Standard. For
dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 12975-2, Thermal solar systems and components – Factory made systems – Part 2: Test methods
EN 12976-1:2006, Thermal solar systems and components - Factory made systems – Part 1: General
requirements
ENV 12977-2:2001, Thermal solar systems and components — Custom built systems — Part 2: Test methods
EN 60335-1, Household and similar electrical appliances - Safety - Part 1: General requirements (IEC 60335-
1:2001, modified)
EN 60335-2-21, Household and similar electrical appliances - Safety - Part 2-21: Particular requirements for
storage water heaters (IEC 60335-2-21:2002, modified)
EN ISO 9488:1999, Solar energy – Vocabulary (ISO 9488:1999)
ISO 9459-1:1993, Solar heating - Domestic water heating systems - Part 1: Performance rating procedure
using indoor test methods
ISO 9459-2:1995, Solar heating – Domestic water heating systems – Part 2: Outdoor test methods for system
performance characterization and yearly performance prediction of solar-only systems
ISO/DIS 9459-5, Solar heating – Domestic water heating systems – Part 5: System performance
characterization by means of whole-system tests and computer simulation
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 9488:1999 and EN
12976-1:2005 apply.
4 Symbols and abbreviations
Q net auxiliary energy demand of a solar heating system delivered by the auxiliary heater
aux, net
to the store or directly to the distribution system (see 5.8.3.2)

Q heat demand
d
Q energy delivered at the outlet of the solar heating system
L
Q parasitic energy (electricity) for the collector loop pump(s) and control unit
par
H hemispherical solar irradiation in the collector plane
c
Q store heat loss
l
Q heat diverted from the store as active overheating protection, if any
ohp
Q heat delivered by the collector loop to the store
sol
5 Testing
5.1 Freeze resistance
5.1.1 General
The following checks are given to ensure that the protective antifreezing provisions are operating properly.
There are many possible forms of protective provisions, and the testing authority shall first identify which
method has been employed.
The provision shall then be checked in accordance with the appropriate section of the following list (see 5.1.2
to 5.1.6) in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.
5.1.2 Systems using antifreeze fluid
The system components which are exposed to low ambient temperature are filled with an antifreeze fluid,
usually a glycol/water mixture, having a low enough freezing point.
For these systems, no freezing test is performed. However, if no sufficient data is available on the freezing
point of the antifreeze fluid, the freezing point shall be measured and checked against the minimum system
temperature as given by the manufacturer.
NOTE In general, the minimum allowed temperature of the system is equal to the freezing point of the antifreeze fluid. If
the concentration of some antifreeze fluids - like glycol’s - exceeds a certain limit, they can freeze without damaging the
system. In this case the minimum allowed temperature can be lower than the freezing point of the antifreeze fluid.
Check the freezing point by measuring the glycol concentration (e.g. using a portable refractometer). The
freezing point should be as recommended by the manufacturer in agreement with the local climate (minimum
expected air temperature, radiative cooling of the collectors).
The composition of the fluid shall be checked to see whether it is in accordance with the manufacturer’s
specifications.
5.1.3 Drain-back systems
The fluid in the system components, which are exposed to low ambient temperature, is drained into a storage
vessel for subsequent reuse when freezing danger occurs.
The collector loop piping should be in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations in the installer
manual and if there is no instruction, according to reference conditions given in Annex B.
Filling may be observed from the pressure gauge or from water level indicator. Switch the pump on, and
observe the pressure gauge or water level indicator. If the system does not include a pressure gauge or level
indicator, other means for checking filling provided by the manufacturer shall be used in accordance with the
instruction manual.
Drain-back may be observed from the decreasing reading of the pressure gauge or water level indicator.
Switch the pump OFF, and observe the pressure gauge or water level indicator. If the system does not include
a pressure gauge or level indicator, other means for checking drain-back provided by the manufacturer shall
be used in accordance with the instruction manual. It might be necessary to repeat the check at high storage
temperature (90 °C) in order to insure drain-back in all situations (see 5.2).
5.1.4 Drain-down systems
The fluid in the system components, which are exposed to low ambient temperature, is drained and run to
waste when freezing danger occurs.
Check the proper opening and closing of the vacuum relief valve.
If there is a solenoid drain valve independent of the control unit, simulate the opening temperature.
If there is a non-electrically operated freeze-protection valve, a check can be made using a freezing spray.
The temperature-sensing element shall be sprayed. The measured temperature of the valve opening is to be
compared with the nominal value given by the manufacturer. It is important that the sensing part of the freeze-
protection valve be properly placed.
The collector loop piping should be in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations in the installer
manual and if there is no instruction, according to reference conditions given in Annex B.
Open drain-down valve manually and measure the drain rate with a vessel and a stop-watch.
If the system uses an electrically operated freeze-protection valve, drain down shall be checked while
interrupting the power.
5.1.5 Freeze protection and control functions combined
For systems where the freeze-protection and control functions are combined, the control unit shall be checked
as follows:
Set the simulated temperature of the freeze-protection sensor to a value deactivating the freeze protection.
Decrease the simulated temperature slowly. Measure the temperature T of the related
FP (freeze-protection)
actuator. Compare it with the nominal value given by the manufacturer.
5.1.6 Other systems
For all other systems, the pump control system, drain-down valve or any other freeze protection device or
system shall be checked to the manufacturer's specification and the minimum allowed temperature specified
by the manufacturer. For ICS systems, or other SDHW systems with the tank placed outside, special frost
resistance tests should be carried out, as described in C.1.
5.2 Over temperature protection
5.2.1 Purpose
The purpose of this test is to determine whether the solar water heating system is protected against damage
and the user is protected from scalding hot water delivery after a period of no hot water draw and failure of
electrical power.
5.2.2 Apparatus
The following apparatus is required:
a) A pyranometer having the minimum characteristics specified in EN 12975-2, to measure the hemispherical
solar irradiance, or the short wave irradiance from a solar simulator lamp if the test is to be conducted inside
a solar simulator chamber.
b) Equipment to measure the temperature, flow rate and volume of hot water drawn from the system.
c) An outdoor or an indoor test stand for installing the solar hot water system with the collector array at the
manufacturer's specified angle of inclination.
d) A temperature and pressure controlled water supply within the range of 5°C to 25 ºC and 200kPa to 600
kPa or the manufacturer's maximum working pressure whichever is less.
This test may be conducted using a solar simulator or outdoors.
5.2.3 Procedure
The system, both as described in the installation manual and as installed on the test facility, shall be first
checked on overheating safety, e.g. if safety valves and other overheating protection devices are present and
installed at the right place, if there are no valves between components and relief valves etc. For systems
containing antifreeze fluids, it shall be checked whether sufficient precautions have been taken to prevent the
antifreeze fluid from deterioration as a result of high temperature conditions (See also 5.6).
Furthermore, if non-metallic materials are used in any circuit, the highest temperature in the circuit shall be
measured during the over temperature protection test, for use in the pressure resistance test.
The procedure of testing shall be as follows:
a) Assemble the solar water heating system according to the installation instructions with the collector array
oriented towards solar noon for the outdoor test, or the simulator lamp may be adjusted to normal incidence
for the indoor test.
b) Charge the system from the water supply and, for pressurized storage tanks, maintain the water supply
pressure.
c) Energize the system as per installation instructions.
d) (i) For the outdoor test, operate the system for a minimum of 4 consecutive days without any hot water
withdrawal and until the collector array has been subjected to 2 consecutive days in which the solar
irradiation on the plane of the collector array has exceeded 20 MJ/m per day and the ambient temperature
has exceeded 20 ºC during solar noon.
(ii) For the indoor test, operate the system without any hot water withdrawal at an ambient temperature of
(25 ± 2) ºC and a minimum solar lamp irradiance of 1000 W/m at the plane of the collector array, measured
and with a uniformity as specified in ISO 9459-1:1993, 6.3.1.2 for a 5 h period or until the collector array
drains.
e) (i) For the outdoor test, disconnect all electrical power to the system and continue to operate the system
until the solar irradiation on the plane of the collector array has exceeded 20 MJ/m per day or until the
collector array drains.
(ii) For the indoor test, disconnect all electrical power to the system and subject the system to a solar lamp
irradiance of 1000 W/m at the plane of the collector array for an additional 4 h or until the collector array
drains.
f) Immediately begin to withdraw a volume of water greater than the total volume of water in the system at a
-4 -5 3
rate of 2x10 ± 3x10 m /s (10 ± 1 L/min.)
5.2.4 Reporting requirements
The following results shall be reported:
a) The make and model identification of the system including ancillary scald and over temperature protection
devices fitted.
b) The inclination of the collector array.
c) A record of temperature of the hot water withdrawn from the system versus time and the total volume of
water withdrawn. Note the presence of steam if observed.
d) Details of the condition of the system and individual components following the test or any failure modes
during the test with particular regard to any defects which may affect the serviceability of the system such as
the swelling of pipes and components or fluid leakages.
5.3 Pressure resistance
5.3.1 Purpose
The purpose of this test is to evaluate hydraulic pressure rating of all components and interconnections of a
solar water heating system when installed according to the manufacturer's instructions.
5.3.2 Apparatus
The apparatus shall consist of the following:
a) suitable platform and support structure for installation of the system
b) pressure regulated hydraulic pressure source
c) pressure gauge suitable to determine the test pressure to within 5 %
d) bleed valve
e) isolation valve
5.3.3 Safety precaution
An explosion safe enclosure is recommended when testing systems that have an integral expansion space or
tank that contains entrapped air.
5.3.4 Procedure
The system, both as described in the installation manual and as installed on the test facility, shall be first
checked on pressure safety, e.g. if safety valves and other overheating protection devices are present and
installed at the right place, if there are no valves between components and relief valves etc.
The duration of the test is 15 mn for metallic material. If a non-metallic material is used in any circuit, this
circuit shall be pressure tested for 1 h at the highest temperature measured during the over temperature
protection test +10 °C.
a) Install the solar water heating system on the test platform in accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions.
b) Disable the pressure relief valves, if applicable, to prevent their opening during testing.
c) Connect the pressure gauge and bleed valve at the hot water outlet of the system.
d) Connect the isolation valve and hydraulic pressure source, using water as the test fluid, to the cold water
inlet of the system.
e) Fill the potable water side of the system using the hydraulic pressure source and bleed all air, as possible,
out of the system through the bleed valve at the hot water outlet of the system.
f) Apply a hydraulic pressure equal to 1,5 times the manufacturer's stated maximum working pressure.
g) Isolate the pressure source by closing the isolation valve and record the readings of the pressure gauge at
the beginning and end of the next 15 min interval.
h) Release the system pressure through the bleed valve and record any visible permanent deformation and
water leakage from system components and inter connections.
i) Disconnect the bleed valve, pressure gauge, isolation valve and hydraulic pressure source from the system.
For those systems not constructed with a heat exchanger and a separate pressurized heat transfer loop, the
following procedural steps are to be omitted.
j) Connect the bleed valve and pressure gauge to the drain port of the system's heat transfer loop and connect
the isolation valve and hydraulic pressure source, using the manufacturer's stated heat transfer fluid, to the fill
port of the heat transfer loop.
k) Fill the heat transfer loop of the system using the hydraulic pressure source and bleed all air, as possible,
out of the loop through the bleed valve at the drain part of the top of the collector array.
l) Apply a hydraulic pressure equal to 1,5 times the manufacturer's stated maximum individual working
pressures.
m) Isolate the pressure source by closing the isolation valve and record the readings of the pressure gauge at
the beginning and end of the next 15 min interval.
n) Release the system pressure through the bleed valve and record any visible permanent deformation and
heat transfer fluid leakage from system components and interconnections.
5.3.5 Reporting requirements
Report the maximum test pressures applied, the pressure readings at the beginning and end of the 15 min
test intervals and any visible permanent deformation or leakage from system components and
interconnections. Note if the applied test pressures are lower than 1,5 times the manufacturer's stated
maximum working pressure.
5.4 Water contamination
See EN 1717.
5.5 Lightning protection
Annexes E and F give information to assist manufacturers in meeting the requirements given in IEC 61024-1.
5.6 Safety equipment
5.6.1 Safety valves
Check the system documentation to verify that each collector circuit or group of collector circuits is fitted with
at least one safety valve.
Check the specification of the safety valves, whether the materials conform to requirements given in 4.4.1 of
EN 12976-1:2005.
Check whether the size of the safety valve is correct in conformity with the requirements given in 4.4.1 of EN
12976-1:2005.
Check whether the temperature of the heat transfer medium at the release pressure of the safety valve
exceeds the maximum allowed temperature of the heat transfer medium.
To check the applicability of the specified maintenance frequency of a thermostatic valve, the ageing test for
thermostatic valves should be carried out, as described in Annex D.
5.6.2 Safety lines and expansion lines
Check the system documentation to verify that safety and expansion lines, if any, cannot be shut-off.
Check the internal diameter of the expansion line, if any, with respect to the requirements given in 4.4.2 of
EN 12976-1:2005.
Check the system documentation to verify that the expansion line and the safety line, if any, are connected
and laid in such a way that any accumulation of dirt, scale or similar impurities are avoided.
5.6.3 Blow-off lines
Check the hydraulic scheme and system documentation to verify that the blow-off lines, if any, conform to
requirements given in 4.4.3 of EN 12976-1:2005.
5.7 Labelling
Check the Marking plate or Label of the Solar heating system and examine if all items of the labelling list are
completed (as specified in 4.7 of EN 12976-1:2005).
5.8 Thermal performance characterisation
5.8.1 Introduction
In this clause the methods for performance testing are described. The thermal performance of the system
shall be characterised as described in 5.8.2 and presented as specified in 5.8.3
NOTE  The performance of a solar heating system depends on the individual installation and actual boundary conditions.
With regard to the heat losses of the store besides deficits in the thermal insulation, badly designed connections can
increase the heat loss capacity rate of the store due to natural convection that occurs internally in the pipe. In order to
avoid this effect the connections of the pipes should be designed in such a way that no natural convection inside the pipe
occurs. This can e. g. be achieved if the pipe is directly going downwards after leaving the store or by using a siphon.
5.8.2 Test procedure
One of the following test methods shall be used, as described in Table 2.
a) Test method in accordance with ISO 9459-2.
This test method may be applied on “solar only” or “preheat systems”.
b) Test method in accordance with ISO/DIS 9459-5.
This test method may be applied on all types of systems.
Table 2 - Selection of the performance test method
Test method Solar-plus-supplementary Solar-only and preheat
*)
systems
systems
ISO 9459-2 (CSTG) No Yes
ISO/DIS 9459-5 (DST) Yes Yes
NOTE 1  Some systems have allowances for variations in the installation instructions that may affect the performance of
the system. In cases where the circumstances are not uniquely defined by the Reference Conditions given in Annex B, the
most unfavourable conditions should be chosen for testing and reporting of the system performance. For example,
systems without forced circulation should be tested with the lowest position of the storage above the collector and the
longest pipe length between collector and storage specified by the manufacturer.
NOTE 2 In October 1999, the EU –SMT project team “Bridging the Gap” reported on the comparability between CSTG
(ISO 9459-2) and DST (ISO/DIS 9459-5) and conversion factors were successfully established. The relation between the
performance predictions of both test methods is given by:

The ‘a-values’ are represented in Table 3:

Table 3 - Parameter a values for different load volumes
Type of system Condition a σσσσ
a
a
Forced circulation 1.004 0.004
V ≥ V
load store
Thermosyphon system All V 1.056 0.004
load
ICS system All V 1.037 0.003
load
a
In the case V < V (forced circulation systems), the determined 'a-values' are higher. This indicates a
load store
stronger tendency for overestimation of the DST test method.

5.8.3 Prediction of yearly performance indicators
5.8.3.1 General
NOTE  In the following, performance indicators for solar heating systems for hot water preparation only are specified. The
text of these paragraphs is identical for this standard and for Custom Built Systems (ENV 12977-2). Performance
indicators for space heating systems are presently excluded, since there is not yet enough experience available. This is a
preliminary step for the standardisation of this procedure. After enough experience has been gained, also the performance
indicators for space heating systems will be elaborated.
Uniform reference conditions for the calculation of the performance are specified in the identical Annex B of
this standard or Annex A of ENV 12977-2:2001. For these conditions, the following performance indicators
shall be derived from the performance test results:
For “solar-plus-supplementary systems”
a) the net auxiliary energy demand Q
aux, net
b) parasitic energy Q
par
For “solar-only” and “preheat systems”:
c) the heat delivered by the solar heating system Q
L
d)  the solar fraction f
sol
e) the parasitic energy,Q , if any
par
5.8.3.2 Calculation of the net auxiliary energy demand for solar-plus-supplementary systems
Calculate the yearly net auxiliary energy demand Q directly by computer simulation (long term
aux, net
performance prediction) as specified in 5.8.2 of this standard (for Factory Made systems) or 7.5.1 of
ENV 12977-2:2001 (for Custom Built Systems). Additional indication on the quantities entering the energy
balance of a one-store solar-plus-supplementary heating system may be found in Figure 1.
If a solar-plus-supplementary system cannot meet the heat demand to such a degree that the energy
delivered to the user is less than 90 % of the yearly heat demand, this shall be stated in the test report.
NOTE The energy delivered to the user can be less than the heat demand for example when the power of the auxiliary
heater is not sufficient or when strong mixing occurs in the store during draw-offs.
Key
1 Collector
2 Pump
3 Store
4 Auxiliary heater
5 Control unit
6 Cold water
Figure 1 - Energy balance for one-store solar-plus-supplementary systems (example)
5.8.3.3 Calculation of the solar fraction for so
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