EN 13361:2013

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Geosynthetische Dichtungsbahnen - Eigenschaften, die für die Anwendung beim Bau von Rückhaltebecken und Staudämmen erforderlich sindGéomembranes, géosynthétiques bentonitiques - Caractéristiques requises pour l'utilisation dans la construction des réservoirs et des barragesGeosynthetic barriers - Characteristics required for use in the construction of reservoirs and dams91.100.50Veziva. Tesnilni materialiBinders. Sealing materials59.080.70GeotekstilijeGeotextilesICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 13361:2013SIST EN 13361:2013en,fr,de01-december-2013SIST EN 13361:2013SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 13361:2004/A1:2007SIST EN 13361:20041DGRPHãþD

EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 13361
July 2013 ICS 59.080.70; 91.100.50 Supersedes EN 13361:2004English Version
Geosynthetic barriers - Characteristics required for use in the construction of reservoirs and dams
Géomembranes, géosynthétiques bentonitiques - Caractéristiques requises pour l'utilisation dans la construction des réservoirs et des barrages
Geosynthetische Dichtungsbahnen - Eigenschaften, die für die Anwendung beim Bau von Rückhaltebecken und Staudämmen erforderlich sind This European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 May 2013.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
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Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13361:2013: ESIST EN 13361:2013

Factory production control — Factory production control scheme . 22 A.1 General . 22 A.2 Product design . 22 A.3 Production . 22 A.3.1 Raw or incoming materials . 22 A.3.2 Production process . 22 A.4 Finished products . 22 A.4.1 Raw or incoming materials . 22 A.4.2 Alternative tests . 25 A.4.3 Equipment . 25 A.4.4 Provisions applicable to A.2, A.3 and A.4 (to be used where appropriate) . 26 Annex B (normative)
Durability of geosynthetic barriers . 27 B.1 Introduction . 27 B.1.1 Standards to which this annex is common . 27 B.1.2 Mechanisms of degradation . 27 SIST EN 13361:2013

Clauses of this European Standard addressing the provisions of the EU Construction Products Directive . 35 ZA.1 Scope and relevant characteristics . 35 ZA.2 Procedure for attestation of conformity of geosynthetic barriers . 36 ZA.3 CE marking and labelling . 38 Bibliography . 41
Tests for some non-mandated characteristics are still under study and will be included when the standard is revised. The term “product” used in this document refers to a geosynthetic barrier, including polymeric geosynthetic barriers, clay geosynthetic barriers and bituminous geosynthetic barriers. This document is part of a group of standards, addressing the requirements for geosynthetic barriers when used in a specific application.
Particular application cases can contain requirements about additional properties and – preferably standardised – test methods, if they are technically relevant and not conflicting with European Standards.
The design life of the product should be determined, since its function may be temporary, as construction expediency, or permanent, for the lifetime of the structure.
The intended use of these products is to control the leakage of water through the construction.
This European Standard is not applicable to geotextiles or geotextile-related products. This European Standard provides for the evaluation of conformity of the product to this document. This European Standard defines requirements to be met by manufacturers and their authorised representatives with regard to the presentation of product properties.
This European Standard does not cover applications where the geosynthetic barrier is to be in contact with water that has been treated for human consumption. Where potable water is or may be in direct contact with the product the designer should also refer to other relevant standards, requirements and/or regulations. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 495-5, Flexible sheets for waterproofing — Determination of foldability at low temperature — Part 5: Plastic and rubber sheets for roof waterproofing EN 1109, Flexible sheets for waterproofing — Bitumen sheets for roof waterproofing — Determination of flexibility at low temperature EN 1849-1, Flexible sheets for waterproofing — Determination of thickness and mass per unit area — Part 1: bitumen sheets for roof waterproofing EN 1849-2, Flexible sheets for waterproofing — Determination of thickness and mass per unit area — Part 2: Plastic and rubber sheets
EN 1844, Flexible sheets for waterproofing — Determination of resistance to ozone — Plastic and rubber sheets for roof waterproofing EN 12224, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products — Determination of the resistance to weathering EN 12225, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products — Method for determining the microbiological resistance by a soil burial test EN 12310-1, Flexible sheets for waterproofing — Part 1: Bitumen sheets for waterproofing — Determination of resistance to tearing (nail shank) EN 12311-1, Flexible sheets for waterproofing — Part 1: Bitumen sheets for roof waterproofing — Determination of tensile properties EN 12311-2, Flexible sheets for waterproofing — Determination of tensile properties — Part 2: Plastic and rubber sheets for roof waterproofing SIST EN 13361:2013

3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 10318:2005 and the following apply.
3.1.1 product geosynthetic barrier, including polymeric, bituminous and clay barriers 3.1.2 specification any document in which the works, functions, specific conditions and required material property values of the geosynthetic barrier of use are described 3.1.3 reservoir naturally occurring space or construction for storage, regulation and control of water 3.1.4 dam barrier constructed to hold back water to raise its level, form a reservoir or reduce or prevent flooding 3.1.5 upstream face face of a dam that is normally in contact with the enclosed water SIST EN 13361:2013

4.2.1 General It is not normally advisable to install a geosynthetic barrier on the downstream face of a dam. Special consideration should be given to any geosynthetic barrier installed on the downstream face of a dam. The applications described in this European Standard do not include such situations. 4.2.2 Application 1: "covered in service" In these applications, the product is laid on the upstream face of a dam or in a reservoir and is covered in service with a revetment or other protective layers. Figure 1 and Figure 2 show typical installations.
Key 1 top water level 2 upstream face 3 revetment 4 geosynthetic barrier 5 dam body Figure 1 — A geosynthetic barrier on a reservoir or dam slope (shallow), covered in service SIST EN 13361:2013

Key 1 top water level face of dam 2 geosynthetic protection layer 3 geosynthetic barrier
4 facing
5 body of dam
Figure 2 — A geosynthetic barrier on a reservoir or dam slope (steep), covered in service SIST EN 13361:2013

Key 1 top water level
2 upstream face 3 geosynthetic barrier 4 dam body Figure 3 — A geosynthetic barrier on a reservoir or dam slope (shallow), exposed in service SIST EN 13361:2013

Key 1 top water level
2 geosynthetic barrier
3 body of dam Figure 4 — A geosynthetic barrier on a reservoir or dam slope (steep), exposed in service 4.3 Relevant characteristics The characteristics and the test methods to be used are given in Table 1. The list of characteristics in Table 1 includes those relevant to all conditions of use and subject to harmonisation (H) (see Annex ZA), those relevant to all conditions of use and not subject to harmonisation (A), and those relevant to specific conditions of use and not subject to harmonisation (S).
The functions and conditions of use, corresponding with the characteristics, marked with “S” in Table 1, are specified in 4.4.
The manufacturer shall provide the data based on the results of tests specified in this document and, where relevant, in accordance with 5.1. The manufacturer shall provide information on how functioning joints can be made. Where products are jointed in the factory the water permeability and if relevant the strength of the joints shall be tested and data presented. SIST EN 13361:2013

Covered in service Not covered in service Test methods Remarks Nr Property to be tested GBR-P GBR-B GBR-C GBR-P GBR-B GBR-P GBR-B GBR-C
Physical properties
1 Thickness A A A A A EN 1849-2 EN 1849-1 EN 9863-1
2 Mass per unit area A A A A A EN 1849-2 EN 1849-1 EN 14196
Hydraulic properties
3 Water permeability (liquid tightness)
H H H H H EN 14150 EN 14150 EN 16416 Report index flux for GBR-C.
4 Swell index - - A - - - - ASTM D5890
Mechanical properties
5 Tensile strength
H H H H H EN ISO 527-1 EN ISO 527-3 EN ISO 527-4 or EN 12311-2 EN 12311-1 EN ISO 10319 For non-reinforced GBR-P use EN ISO 527-1 and EN ISO 527-3:1995, test specimen type 5 at a speed of 100 mm/min.
For reinforced GBR-P use EN ISO 527-1 and EN ISO 527-4:1997, specimen type 2 with width 50 mm, at a speed of 5 mm/min. EN 12311-2 should only be used for non-polyolefinic GBR-P. Report in all cases the maximum strength measured according to the test method.
Covered in service Not covered in service Test methods Remarks Nr Property to be tested GBR-P GBR-B GBR-C GBR-P GBR-B GBR-P GBR-B GBR-C
6 Elongation A A A A A EN ISO 527-1 EN ISO 527-3 EN ISO 527-4 or EN 12311-2 EN 12311-1 EN ISO 10319 For non-reinforced GBR-P use EN ISO 527-1 and EN ISO 527-3:1995, test specimen type 5 at a speed of 100 mm/min.
For reinforced GBR-P use EN ISO 527-1 and EN ISO 527-4:1997, specimen type 2, width 50 mm, at a speed of 5 mm/min. Calculation of elongation as defined in EN ISO 527-1:2012, 10.2, using grip separation measurement. EN 12311-2 should only be used for non-polyolefinic GBR-P. 7 Static puncture H H H H H EN ISO 12236 EN ISO 12236 EN ISO 12236
8 Burst strength S S S S S EN 14151
EN 14151 EN 14151 This test applies to GBR-C only if they contain a polymeric or bituminous barrier element. 9 Tear strength S S - S S ISO 34-1 EN 12310-1 - For GBR-P use ISO 34-1:2010, method B, angle specimen (Figure 2) without nick at a speed of 50 mm/min. 10 Friction direct shear S S S - - EN ISO 12957-1 EN ISO 12957-1 EN ISO 12957-1
11 Friction inclined
plane S S S - - EN ISO 12957-2 EN ISO 12957-2 EN ISO 12957-2
Thermal properties
12 Low temp behaviour (flexure) S S - S S EN 495-5 EN 1109 -
13 Thermal expansion A - - A - ASTM D696 - -
Covered in service Not covered in service Test methods Remarks Nr Property to be tested GBR-P GBR-B GBR-C GBR-P GBR-B GBR-P GBR-B GBR-C
Durability and chemical resistance
14 Weathering H H S H H EN 12224 EN 12224 EN 12224 GBR-C: see 4.4.6 15 Micro organisms A A A A A EN 12225 EN 12225 EN 12225
16 Oxidation H H H H H EN 14575 EN 14575 EN ISO 13438
EN ISO 13438 is applicable for the geotextile elements and reinforcement yarns of GBR-C barriers.
17 Environmental stress cracking H - S H - EN 14576 - EN 14576
EN 14576 is not applicable to GBR-P with a non-crystalline structure. If GPR-P is greater 0,5 mm and less 1,0 mm the test EN 14576 shall be performed with the same composition at a thickness between 1,0 mm and 1,5 mm.
In order to estimate exposure durability of thermoset elastomers, as non-crystalline materials cannot be tested following the environmental stress cracking test (EN 14576), the ozone stress cracking test shall be performed according to EN 1844 and evaluated with tensile strength measurements of the reference and the exposed specimen in accordance with B.4.1. 18 Chemical resistance S S S
EN 14414 EN 14414 ASTM D6141
19 Leaching (water soluble) A A A A A EN 14415
EN 14415 EN 14415
Table 1 (continued)
Covered in service Not covered in service Test methods Remarks Nr Property to be tested GBR-P GBR-B GBR-C GBR-P GBR-B GBR-P GBR-B GBR-C
20 Wetting/drying - - S - - - - CEN/TS 14417
21 Freezing / thawing - - S - - - - CEN/TS 14418
22 Root penetration S S S S S CEN/TS 14416 CEN/TS 14416 CEN/TS 14416
Relevancy:
H: required for harmonisation;
A : relevant to all conditions of use; S : relevant to specific conditions of use;
-: not relevant Particular application cases may contain requirements about additional properties and - preferably standardised - test methods, if they are technically relevant and not conflicting with European Standards. The design life of the product should be determined, since its function may be temporary, as construction expediency, or permanent, for the lifetime of the structure.
4.4.4 Friction characteristics (direct shear and inclined plane tests). Data on friction characteristics are required in all applications where differential movement may take place between the product and adjacent materials including, but not by way of limitation, geosynthetic barriers applied to slopes and certain types of anchoring arrangements.
In addition to the friction characteristics information on the internal bonding strength of GBR-C in the direction of the actual stress may be relevant. A shear (EN ISO 12957 and/or ASTM D6496) or peel (EN ISO 13426-1 and EN ISO 13426-2 and/or ASTM D6496 (for needle punched GBR-C) test may be appropriate, particularly on slopes or in applications where shear stress may occur (i.e. during installation).
Site specific testing should be carried out to establish the friction characteristics between all the materials used. 4.4.5 Low temperature behaviour Data on low temperature behaviour are required for applications where polymer and bituminous products may be exposed to low temperatures in storage, construction, and use.
Tests which set simple pass/fail criteria at a single temperature condition may not be appropriate for this purpose.
Prehydrated GBR-C should not be stored or installed when the ambient temperature is below 0 °C. 4.4.6 Weathering Data on weathering (combined effects of cycles of wetting, temperature change, and exposure to UV light) are required for applications where the GBR-C barrier will be exposed to weathering without adequate protective cover. It should be noted that in all normal situations GBR-C barriers should be covered with soil or other revetment on the same working day or prior to any circumstances which could cause a hydration of the clay component. SIST EN 13361:2013

Resistance to wetting and drying Data on the resistance of GBR-C to repeated wetting and drying is required when the conditions of use will subject the product to this sequence of actions. 4.4.8 Freeze-thaw cycle resistance Data on the resistance of GBR-C to freeze/thaw is required when the conditions of use will subject the product to this sequence of actions. 4.4.9 Resistance to root penetration Data on root penetration is required in all applications where the geosynthetic barrier is exposed to soils containing restorative vegetation.
4.4.10 Chemical resistance This should be restricted to a consideration of the substrate on to which the material is laid and or chemicals contained within the stored water. 4.5 Release of dangerous substances National regulations on dangerous substances may require verification and declaration on release, and sometimes content, when construction products covered by this standard are placed on those markets. In the absence of European harmonised test methods, verification and declaration on release/content should be done taking into account national provisions in the place of use. NOTE An informative database covering European and national provisions on dangerous substances is available at the Construction web site on EUROPA accessed through: http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/construction/cpd-ds/ 5 Evaluation of conformity 5.1 Presentation of characteristics The characteristics specified in Table 2, except for durability, expressed as mean values and tolerance limit(s) corresponding to the 95 % confidence level, shall be given by the manufacturer, based on the statistical interpretation of his internal quality control measurements. Physical examination or preliminary testing, according to one of the test methods referenced in Table 1, may indicate that values obtained for a product lie below (or above) the sensitivity threshold established for that test method. In these particular circumstances the manufacturer may declare a value as being less (or greater) than this sensitivity threshold value. Information about durability shall be expressed in accordance with Annex B. 5.2 Verification of values The marking and labelling of the rolls and of the products shall be checked. The marking of the products shall be according to EN ISO 10320. NOTE The method described in this clause is not compulsory for an on-site control procedure. The compliance of characteristics with the values defined in 5.1 shall be based on measurements made on two representative samples (A and B), taken from two different rolls. Sampling shall be made in accordance with EN ISO 9862. SIST EN 13361:2013

If the test result(s) for a particular characteristic is (are) within the tolerance limit(s) given by the manufacturer, the product is accepted as complying with respect to this characteristic. If the test result(s) for a particular characteristic is (are) outside the tolerance limit(s), specimens prepared from sample B shall be tested. If the test result(s) of the sample B specimens for the same characteristic are within the given tolerance limit(s), the product is accepted as complying with respect to that characteristic. If the test result(s) is (are) outside the tolerance limit(s), the product is not accepted. 5.3 Initial type tests Initial type tests shall be carried out by the manufacturer to define the values of the properties to be declared for the product to satisfy the requirements of this document. Initial type tests shall also be carried out on existing products when a change in the basic materials or manufacturing procedures affects the declared properties or the use of a product. In these cases, the appropriate initial type tests are those for the properties which are affected or need confirming and new properties introduced by a change of use. The tests to be conducted shall be reference tests as specified in this document and shall be selected for the characteristics specified in Table 2, consistent with the product’s intended use: Table 2 — Characteristics required for initial type testing and evaluation of conformity Characteristic a
Functions Tensile strength Fluid and gas barrier Static puncture (CBR test) Fluid and gas barrier Liquid tightness Fluid and gas barrier Durability Fluid and gas barrier a For the durability aspects of these characteristics, see Table 1, 4.4 and Annex B.
The results of initial type tests shall be recorded and be available for inspection. The sample for the type tests shall be drawn according to EN ISO 9862 from a normal production run using the materials and forming processes to be used for the full production process. The size of the sample shall be big enough to allow the determination of the characteristics specified in Table 2. Handmade samples, short trial batches and other development prototypes may be tested by the same methods, but shall not be used for establishing characteristic values in type tests.
5.4 Factory production control A factory production control scheme shall be established and documented in a manual prior to a product type being placed on the market. Subsequently, any fundamental changes in raw materials and additives, manufacturing procedures or the control scheme that affects the properties or use of a product shall be recorded in the manual. The manual shall include the factory production control procedures relevant to the declared properties, as confirmed by the initial type tests.
Annex A (normative) lists all the items that shall be considered to determine which is appropriate for the control exercised for a product. The manufacturer shall establish the applicable items and record them in his factory production control manual.
When relevant the procedure given in 5.2 shall be used to check the conformity of the product, for one or more of the characteristics. 5.5 Inspection
When required, inspection of the factory and of the factory production control shall be made on the provisions contained in 5.4 and Annex A. 6 Marking
The manufacturer shall clearly and indelibly mark the geosynthetic barrier with the information specified in EN ISO 10320. NOTE For CE Marking, see ZA.3. SIST EN 13361:2013

(normative)
Factory production control — Factory production control scheme A.1 General The items to be addressed in the factory production control manual relating to the system of control determined from 5.4 are given in this annex. A.2 Product design The manufacturer shall describe how design requirements and criteria are identified, checked, controlled and updated to be unambiguous and relevant to the use of the product and its specification. The manufacturer shall describe the communication of the design to the internal production departments or external sub-contractors. A.3 Production A.3.1 Raw or incoming materials The manufacturer shall define the acceptance criteria of incoming materials and the procedures that he operates to ensure that these are met. A.3.2 Production process
The relevant features of the plant and production process shall be defined giving the frequency of the inspections, checks and tests, together with the values or criteria required both on equipment and on work in the process. The action to be taken when control values or criteria are not obtained shall be recorded. These records shall be available for inspection by relevant parties. A.4 Finished products A.4.1 Raw or incoming materials The manufacturer shall define the acceptance criteria of incoming materials and the procedures that he operates to ensure that these are met. Table A.1 to Table A.3 specify testing frequencies for harmonised (mandatory) properties; for other purposes than CE-marking other frequencies may be appropriate. SIST EN 13361:2013

Test lowest manufactured thickness only Tensile strength EN ISO 527 One per production day — Static puncture EN ISO 12236 One per production day — Weathering EN 12224 One per formulation but not less than one per five years b Test lowest manufactured thickness only Oxidation EN 14575 One per formulation but not less than one per five years b Test lowest manufactured thickness only Environmental stress cracking (Polyolefinic GBR-P only subject to requirements of B.3.4) EN 14576 One per 1 000 t product or on change of formulation b EN 14576 is not applicable to GBR-P with a non-crystalline structure a For other purposes than CE-marking other frequencies may be appropriate. For instance, by increasing the frequency
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