EN 13157:2004

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2004
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Cranes - Safety - Hand powered lifting equipment
Krane - Sicherheit - Handbetriebene Krane
Appareils de levage a charge suspendue - Sécurité - Appareils de levage a bras
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 13157:2004
ICS:
53.020.20 Dvigala Cranes
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 13157
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
June 2004
ICS 53.020.20
English version
Cranes - Safety - Hand powered lifting equipment
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Sécurité - Krane - Sicherheit - Handbetriebene Krane
Appareils de levage à bras
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 22 October 2003.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 13157:2004: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents
Foreword.3
Introduction .4
1 Scope.5
2 Normative references.5
3 Terms and definitions .6
3.1 General definitions.6
3.2 Definitions for hand chain blocks.7
3.3 Definitions for lever hoists .8
3.4 Definitions for jaw winches.10
3.5 Definitions for hand powered trolleys supporting lifting machines.10
3.6 Definitions for drum winches .12
3.7 Definitions for pulley blocks and deflection pulley.13
4 List of significant hazards .15
5 Safety requirements and/or measures .21
5.1 Hand chain blocks.21
5.2 Lever hoists.23
5.3 Jaw winches.28
5.4 Hand powered trolleys supporting lifting machines.30
5.5 Drum winches.32
5.6 Pulley blocks and deflection pulleys.34
6 Verification of the safety requirements and/or measures .35
6.1 General.35
6.2 Categories of verification.35
6.3 Verification methods.36
7 Information for use .47
7.1 Information for use of hand chain blocks .47
7.2 Information for use of lever hoists.48
7.3 Information for use of jaw winches.49
7.4 Information for use of hand powered trolleys .50
7.5 Information for use of drum winches .52
7.6 Information for use of pulley blocks and deflection pulleys.53
Annex A (normative) Standards for hooks.56
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship of this European Standard and the essential requirements of
EC Directive 98/37/EC.57

Foreword
This document EN 13157:2004 has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 147 “Cranes - Safety”, the
secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text
or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2004, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the
latest by December 2004.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
Annex A is normative.
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg,
Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United
Kingdom
Introduction
This European Standard has been prepared to be a harmonised standard to provide one means for hand
powered lifting equipment to conform to the essential health and safety requirements of the Machinery Directive,
as amended.
This European Standard is a type C standard as stated in ENV 1070: 1993.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards are covered are indicated in the scope of this
standard.
When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B standards, the
provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for lever blocks
which have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C standard.
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies requirements for the following hand powered lifting equipment defined in
clause 3:
− Hand chain blocks;
− Lever hoists;
− Jaw winches;
− Hand powered trolleys supporting lifting machines;
− Drum winches;
− Pulley blocks and deflection pulley.
The significant hazards covered by this European Standard are identified in clause 4.
This European Standard does not cover hazards related to the lifting of persons.
This standard does not specify the additional requirements for :
− use in ambient temperature outside the range of - 10°C to + 50°C,
− hand powered lifting equipment in direct contact with food stuffs or pharmaceuticals requiring a high level of
cleanliness for hygiene reasons;
− hazards resulting from handling specific hazardous materials (e.g. explosives, hot molten masses, radiating
materials);
−
hazards caused by operation in an explosive atmosphere.
This European Standard is applicable to hand powered lifting equipment, which are manufactured after the date
of approval by CEN of this standard.
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These
normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For
dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European
Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the
publication referred to applies.
EN 292-1:1991, Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design - Part 1: Basic terminology,
methodology
EN 292-2/A1:991 / 1995, Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design - Part 2: Technical
principles and specifications
EN 818-7:996, Short link chain for lifting purposes - Safety - Part 7: Fine tolerance hoist chain, Grades T(Types
T, DAT and DT)
EN 1005-3, Safety of machinery – Human physical performance –Part 3: Recommended force limits for
machinery operation
EN 1070, Safety of machinery - Terminology
EN 12385-1, Steel wire ropes Safety - Part 1: General requirements
EN 12385-4, Steel wire ropes Safety - Part 4: Stranded ropes for general lifting applications
EN 13411-1, Terminations for steel wire ropes – Safety - Part 1: Thimbles for steel wire rope slings
EN 13411-2, Terminations for steel wire ropes – Safety - Part 2: Splicing of eyes for wire rope slings
prEN 13411-3, Terminations for steel wire ropes – Safety - Part 3: Ferrules and ferrule-securing
EN 13411-4, Terminations for steel wire ropes – Safety - Part 4: Metal and resin socketing
prEN 13411-6, Terminations for steel wire ropes – Safety - Part 6: Asymmetric wedge socket
prEN 13411-7, Terminations for steel wire ropes – Safety - Part 7: Symmetric wedge socket
ISO 606, Short-pitch transmission precision roller and bush chains, attachments and associated chain sprockets
ISO 4309, Cranes – Wires ropes – Code of practice for examination and discard

3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the definitions given in EN 1070: 1993 apply, together with the following:
3.1 General definitions
3.1.1
coefficient of utilisation (safety coefficient)
the arithmetic ratio between the maximum load held by the lifting equipment and its rated capacity
3.1.2
combined unit
combination of a trolley and a hoist which are connected (see figure 1)
3.1.3
dynamic tests
testing of lifting equipment by executing operating motions under a specified test load exceeding the rated
capacity
3.1.4
lifting
change in level during the movement
NOTE Lifting incorporates the vertical or the vertical and horizontal movement of the load or all combinations
3.1.5
rated capacity
load that the lifting equipment is designed to lift for a given operating condition (e.g. configuration, position of the
load)
Figure 1 — Example of combined units
3.1.6
static tests
testing of lifting equipment by applying a specified static load, exceeding the rated capacity
3.1.7
test coefficient
the ratio between the load used for static and dynamic tests and the rated capacity
3.2 Definitions for hand chain blocks
3.2.1
hand chain block
device for lifting and lowering a load suspended from one chain (the load chain) by means of human effort
applied to another chain (the hand chain) and for holding this load (see figure 2)
1. Hand chain 5. Anchorage of the load chain
2. Hand chain wheel 6. Load hook
3. Cover 7. Load Chain
4. Load chain wheel 8. Chain end stop
9. Top hook
Figure 2 — Example of a hand chain block
3.3 Definitions for lever hoists
3.3.1
D/d ratio
the ratio of the minimum pitch circle diameter of the first rope layer of the drum or sheave to the calculated
minimum diameter of the rope
3.3.2
lever hoist
device for lifting and lowering a load suspended from a lifting medium by means of human effort applied to a
lever and to hold it by means of a braking devices(see figure 3)
3.3.3
pitch circle diameter
twice the distance between the drum or the sheave axle and the middle of the rope or webbing in direct contact
with the drum or sheaves (first layer on drum)
1. Lever 6. Chain end stop
2. Hook 7. Load Chain
3. Drum 8. Rope
4. Load chain wheel 9. Webbing
5. Anchorage of the lifting medium
Figure 3 — Example of lever hoists
3.4 Definitions for jaw winches
3.4.1
jaw winches
device for lifting, lowering and holding a load by means of a rope, where the rope is gripped or moved by jaws
using human effort on a lever or levers(see figure 4)
3.4.2
operation cycle (for test purpose only)
a lifting movement plus a lowering movement over the minimum vertical distance defined by the rope length
corresponding to its passing over all concerned jaw winch parts
1. Removable lever 5. Hook
2. Guard case of the jaw and actuating mechanisms 6. Rope
3. Declutching lever 7. Rope termination
4. Anchorage
Figure 4 — Example of a jaw winch
3.5 Definitions for hand powered trolleys supporting lifting machines
3.5.1
hand powered trolleys supporting lifting machines
equipment fitted with wheels which are designed for the hand powered travelling of a hooked or combined lifting
machine along a monorail
3.5.2
geared travel trolley
hand powered trolley permitting horizontal travel, driven by a hand wheel which is operated by an operating
chain (see figure 5)
Figure 5 — Example of geared travel trolley
3.5.3
monorail
equipment comprising an overhead beam or section along which suspended loads can be moved with a trolley.
This equipment can also have curves, points, turntables etc.
3.5.4
push travel trolley
hand powered trolleys permitting horizontal travel by pushing or pulling manually on the load (see figure 6)
1 4
1. Wheel
2. Wheels flange
3. Buffer
4. Monorail
Figure 6 — Example of a push travel trolley
3.6 Definitions for drum winches
3.6.1
drum winches
device for lifting, lowering and holding a load connected to a rope or webbing wound onto a drum by means of
(a) crank handle(s) or operating wheel(s) activated by human effort (see figure 7)
3.6.2
D/d ratio
the ratio of the pitch circle diameter of the first rope or webbing layer on the drum or sheave to the diameter of
the rope or the thickness of the webbing.
3.6.3
drum pitch circle diameter
twice the distance between the drum or the sheave axle and the middle of the rope or webbing in direct contact
with the drum or sheaves (first layer on drum).
A
A
150 mm
5 2
1 Crank handle or operating wheel 7 Drum flange
2 Disengagement – de clutching device 8 Wire rope
3 Guarding - cover 9 Termination
4 Hook D    Drum pitch diameter
5 Latch d    Minimum calculated rope diameter
6 Drum
Figure 7 — Example of a drum winch
3.7 Definitions for pulley blocks and deflection pulley
3.7.1
deflection pulley
equipment used to change the direction of a rope with a sheave freely rotating on an axle to be used with drum
winches and jaw winches
3.7.2
pulley block
an assembly of one or more sheaves, rotating freely on one or more shafts used to change the direction of a
wire rope or a rope to be used with drum winches and jaw winches (see figure 8)
3.7.3
pitch diameter
twice the distance between the drum or the sheave axle and the middle of the rope or webbing in direct
contact with the drum or sheaves (first layer on drum).
3.7.4
sheave
wheel with a groove supporting a wire rope or a fibre rope
d
D
D
1. Opening angle between the sides of the sheave 6. Sheave
2. Radius of the groove 7. Anchorage
3. Depth of the sheave groove D Sheave pitch circle diameter
4. Means of suspension d Nominal diameter of the lifting medium
5. Wire rope or rope guide
Figure 8 — Pulley block
d
4 List of significant hazards
Tables 1 to 6 show for each item of hand powered lifting equipment a list of significant hazardous situations and
hazardous events that could result in risks to persons during normal use and foreseeable misuse. It also
contains the corresponding relevant clauses in this standard that are necessary to reduce or eliminate the risks
associated with those hazards.
Table 1 — List for hand chain blocks of significant hazards and associated requirements
Hazard Relevant clause(s) in
this standard
1 Mechanical hazards
1.1 From machine parts or workpieces caused for example, by their:
1.1.1 Shape 5.1.7
1.1.3 Mass and stability (potential energy of elements that can move 5.1.1
under the effect of gravity)
1.1.5 Inadequacy of mechanical strength 5.1.2, 5.1.8, 5.1.10,
5.1.11
1.3 Elementary hazards:
1.3.1 Crushing hazards: 5.1.7
1.3.2 Shearing hazard 5.1.7
1.3.3 Cutting or severing hazard 5.1.10
1.3.4 Entanglement hazard 5.1.7
1.3.5 Drawing-in or trapping hazard 5.1.7
1.3.6 Impact hazard 5.1.3
1.3.7 Puncture hazard 5.1.10
8 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles in
machine design such as hazards caused by:
8.1 Unhealthy postures or excessive efforts 5.1.6, 5.1.8
8.6 Human errors 5.1.1, 7.1.1
15 Assembly errors 7.1.1
17 Fall or ejection of objects 5.1.4, 5.1.5
18 Loss of stability/overturning of machine 7.1.1
20 Hazards relating to movement:

20.6 Inadequate ability of machine to be slowed down, stopped and 5.1.1
immobilised
21 Hazards due to work position (including operator’s position) on
the machine:
21.4 Mechanical hazards at work position
- contact with wheels 5.1.1
23 Resulting from the handling of the machine (lack of stability) 5.1.12
26 Inadequate instructions for driver/operator 7.1.1
27 Mechanical hazards and dangerous events:
27.1 Resulting from falling load, collisions, swinging of machine caused
by
Uncontrolled loading – over loading 5.1.6, 7.1.1, 7.1.3
Uncontrolled amplitude of the movement 5.1.1
Unexpected/unintended movement of the loads 5.1.4, 5.1.9
Inadequate holding devices 5.1.8
Collision of more than one machine 5.1.4
27.3 Resulting from a derailment 5.1.1
27.4 Resulting from inadequate mechanical strength of parts 5.1.2
27.5 Resulting from inadequate design of pulleys, drums Not significant
27.6 Resulting from inadequate selection/integration into the machine for 5.1.8, 5.1.10
chains, cables, lifting accessories
27.7 Resulting from descent of load by friction brakes 5.1.3
27.8 Resulting from abnormal assembly/test/use/maintenance conditions 7.1.1, 7.1.2
29 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles
29.1 Inadequate visibility from the operator position 7.1.1
Table 2 — List for lever hoists of significant hazards and associated requirements

Hazard Relevant clause(s) in
this standard
1 Mechanical hazards
1.1 From machine parts or workpieces caused for example, by their:
1.1.1 Shape 5.2.8
1.1.3 Mass and stability (potential energy of elements that can move 5.2.1
under the effect of gravity)
1.1.5 Inadequacy of mechanical strength 5.2.2, 5.2.9, 5.2.12,
5.2.13, 5.2.14, 5.2.15,
5.2.16, 5.2.18
1.3 Elementary hazards:
1.3.1 Crushing hazards: 5.2.8
1.3.2 Shearing hazard 5.2.8
1.3.3 Cutting or severing hazard 5.2.8
1.3.4 Entanglement hazard 5.2.8
1.3.5 Drawing-in or trapping hazard 5.2.8
1.3.6 Impact hazard 5.2.3
1.3.7 Puncture hazard 7.2.1
8 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles in
machine design such as hazards caused by:
8.1 Unhealthy postures or excessive efforts 5.2.6, 5.2.9
8.6 Human errors 5.2.1, 5.2.19, 7.2.1
15 Assembly errors 7.2.1
17 Fall or ejection of objects 5.2.3, 5.2.5, 5.2.7
18 Loss of stability/overturning of machine 7.2.1
20 Hazards relating to movement:
20.6 Inadequate ability of machine to be slowed down, stopped and 5.2.1
immobilised
21 Hazards due to work position (including operator’s position) on
the machine:
21.4 Mechanical hazards at work position
- contact with wheels 5.2.1
23 Resulting from the handling of the machine (lack of stability)
5.2.20
26 Inadequate instructions for driver/operator 7.2.1
27 Mechanical hazards and dangerous events:
27.1 Resulting from falling load, collisions, swinging of machine caused
by
Uncontrolled loading – over loading 5.2.6, 7.2.1, ,
Uncontrolled amplitude of the movement 5.2.5, 5.2.15
Unexpected/unintended movement of the loads 5.2.3, 5.2.4, 5.2.7
Inadequate holding devices 5.2.9
Collision of more than one machine 5.2.1
27.3 Resulting from a derailment 5.2.1
27.4 Resulting from inadequate mechanical strength of parts 5.2.2
27.5 Resulting from inadequate design of pulleys, drums 5.2.10, 5.2.17
27.6 Resulting from inadequate selection/integration into the machine for 5.2.9, 5.2.11, 5.2.12,
chains, cables, lifting accessories 5.2.13, 5.2.14, 5.2.16.
27.7 Resulting from descent of load by friction brakes 5.2.3
27.8 Resulting from abnormal assembly/test/use/maintenance conditions 7.2.1, 7.2.2
29 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles
29.1 Inadequate visibility from the operator position 7.2.1

Table 3 — List for jaw winches of significant hazards and associated requirements
Hazard Relevant clause(s) in
this standard
1 Mechanical hazards
1.1 From machine parts or workpieces caused for example, by their:
1.1.1 Shape 5.3.7
1.1.3 Mass and stability (potential energy of elements that can move 5.3.5
under the effect of gravity)
1.1.5 Inadequacy of mechanical strength 5.3.1, 5.3.10, 5.3.11,
5.3.12, 5.3.13
1.3 Elementary hazards:
1.3.1 Crushing hazards: 5.3.7
1.3.2 Shearing hazard 5.3.7
1.3.3 Cutting or severing hazard 5.3.7
1.3.4 Entanglement hazard 5.3.7
1.3.5 Drawing-in or trapping hazard 5.3.7
1.3.6 Impact hazard 5.3.2
1.3.7 Puncture hazard 7.3.1
8 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles in
machine design such as hazards caused by:
8.1 Unhealthy postures or excessive efforts 5.3.5, 7.3.1
8.6 Human errors 5.3.6, 5.3.14, 7.3.1
15 Assembly errors 7.3.1
17 Fall or ejection of objects 5.3.3, 5.3.5
18 Loss of stability/overturning of machine 7.3.1
20 Hazards relating to movement:
20.6 Inadequate ability of machine to be slowed down, stopped and Not applicable
immobilised
21 Hazards due to work position (including operator’s position) on
the machine:
21.4 Mechanical hazards at work position
- contact with wheels Not applicable
23 Resulting from the handling of the machine 5.3.15
26 Inadequate instructions for driver/operator 7.3.1
27 Mechanical hazards and dangerous events:
27.1 Resulting from falling load, collisions, swinging of machine caused
by
Uncontrolled loading – over loading 5.3.1, 5.3.5, 7.3.1, 7.3.3
Uncontrolled amplitude of the movement Not significant
Unexpected/unintended movement of the loads 5.3.2, 5.3.4, 5.3.3,
5.3.6, 5.3.9
Inadequate holding devices 5.3.8
Collision of more than one machine Not significant
27.3 Resulting from a derailment Not applicable
27.4 Resulting from inadequate mechanical strength of parts 5.3.1
27.5 Resulting from inadequate design of pulleys, drums Not significant
27.6 Resulting from inadequate selection/integration into the machine for 5.3.10, 5.3.11, 5.3.12
chains, cables, lifting accessories
27.7 Resulting from descent of load by friction brakes 5.3.2
27.8 Resulting from abnormal assembly/test/use/maintenance conditions 7.3.1, 7.3.2
29 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles
29.1 Inadequate visibility from the operator position 7.3.1

Table 4 — List for hand powered trolleys of significant hazards and associated requirements
Hazard Relevant clause(s) in
this standard
1 Mechanical hazards
1.1 From machine parts or workpieces caused for example, by their:
1.1.1 Shape 5 General
1.1.3 Mass and stability (potential energy of elements that can move 5.4.1
under the effect of gravity)
1.1.5 Inadequacy of mechanical strength 5.4.2, 5.4.8, 5.4.11
1.3 Elementary hazards:
1.3.1 Crushing hazards: 5 General
1.3.2 Shearing hazard 5 General
1.3.3 Cutting or severing hazard 5 General
1.3.4 Entanglement hazard 5 General
1.3.5 Drawing-in or trapping hazard 5 General
1.3.6 Impact hazard 7.4.1, 7.4.3
1.3.7 Puncture hazard 5.4.8
8 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles in
machine design such as hazards caused by:
8.1 Unhealthy postures or excessive efforts 5.4.6
8.6 Human errors 5.4.12, 7.4.1
15 Assembly errors 7.4.1
17 Fall or ejection of objects 5.4.5
18 Loss of stability/overturning of machine 7.4.1
20 Hazards relating to movement:
20.6 Inadequate ability of machine to be slowed down, stopped and 5.4.3, 7.4.1, 7.4.3
immobilised
21 Hazards due to work position (including operator’s position) on
the machine:
21.4 Mechanical hazards at work position
- contact with wheels 7.4.1
23 Resulting from the handling of the machine (lack of stability) 7.4.1
26 Inadequate instructions for driver/operator 7.4.1
27 Mechanical hazards and dangerous events:
27.1 Resulting from falling load, collisions, swinging of machine caused
by
Uncontrolled loading – over loading 7.4.1, 7.4.3
Uncontrolled amplitude of the movement 5.1.1
Unexpected/unintended movement of the loads 5.4.10
Inadequate holding devices 7.4.1
Collision of more than one machine 5.4.7
27.3 Resulting from a derailment 5.4.7, 5.4.9
27.4 Resulting from inadequate mechanical strength of parts 5.4.2, 5.4.8
27.5 Resulting from inadequate design of pulleys, drums Not significant
27.6 Resulting from inadequate selection/integration into the machine for 5.4.8
chains, cables, lifting accessories
27.7 Resulting from descent of load by friction brakes 5.4.2
27.8 Resulting from abnormal assembly/test/use/maintenance conditions 7.4.1, 7.4.2
29 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles
29.1 Inadequate visibility from the operator position 7.4.1

Table 5 — List for drum winches of significant hazards and associated requirements
Hazard Relevant clause(s) in
this standard
1 Mechanical hazards
1.1 From machine parts or workpieces caused for example, by their:
1.1.1 Shape 5.5.7
1.1.3 Mass and stability (potential energy of elements that can move Not significant
under the effect of gravity)
1.1.5 Inadequacy of mechanical strength 5.5.1, 5.5.8, 5.5.10,
5.5.11, 5.5.13
1.3 Elementary hazards:
1.3.1 Crushing hazards: 5.5.7, 7.5.1
1.3.2 Shearing hazard 5.5.7, 7.5.1
1.3.3 Cutting or severing hazard 5.5.7, 7.5.1
1.3.4 Entanglement hazard 5.5.7, 7.5.1
1.3.5 Drawing-in or trapping hazard 5.5.7, 7.5.1
1.3.6 Impact hazard 5.5.3, 7.5.1
1.3.7 Puncture hazard 7.5.1
8 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles in

machine design such as hazards caused by:
8.1 Unhealthy postures or excessive efforts 5.5.5
8.6 Human errors 5.5.14, 7.5.1
15 Assembly errors 7.5.1
17 Fall or ejection of objects 5.5.3, 5.5.4
18 Loss of stability/overturning of machine 7.1.1
20 Hazards relating to movement:
20.6 Inadequate ability of machine to be slowed down, stopped and Not applicable
immobilised
21 Hazards due to work position (including operator’s position) on
the machine:
21.4 Mechanical hazards at work position
- contact with wheels Not applicable
23 Resulting from the handling of the machine 7.5.1
26 Inadequate instructions for driver/operator 7.5.1
27 Mechanical hazards and dangerous events:
27.1 Resulting from falling load, collisions, swinging of machine caused
by
Uncontrolled loading – over loading 5.5.5, 7.5.1, 7.5.3
Uncontrolled amplitude of the movement Not applicable
Unexpected/unintended movement of the loads 5.5.2, 5.5.4, 5.5.6
Inadequate holding devices 5.5.8
Collision of more than one machine Not applicable
27.3 Resulting from a derailment Not applicable
27.4 Resulting from inadequate mechanical strength of parts 5.5.1, 5.5.8, 5.5.10,
5.5.11, 5.5.12
27.5 Resulting from inadequate design of pulleys, drums 5.5.9, 5.5.11, 7.5.1
27.6 Resulting from inadequate selection/integration into the machine for 5.5.10,
chains, cables, lifting accessories
27.7 Resulting from descent of load by friction brakes 5.5.2
27.8 Resulting from abnormal assembly/test/use/maintenance conditions 7.5.1, 7.5.2
29 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles
29.1 Inadequate visibility from the operator position 7.5.1

Table 6 — List for pulley blocks and sheaves of significant hazards and associated requirements
Hazard Relevant clause(s) in
this standard
1 Mechanical hazards
1.1 From machine parts or workpieces caused for example, by their:
1.1.1 Shape 5 General
1.1.3 Mass and stability (potential energy of elements that can move
under the effect of gravity)
1.1.5 Inadequacy of mechanical strength 5.6.1, 5.6.7
1.3 Elementary hazards:
1.3.1 Crushing hazards: 5 General, 7.6.1
1.3.2 Shearing hazard 5 General, 7.6.1
1.3.3 Cutting or severing hazard 5 General, 7.6.1
1.3.4 Entanglement hazard 5 General, 7.6.1
1.3.5 Drawing-in or trapping hazard 5 General, 7.6.1
1.3.6 Impact hazard 5.6., 7.6.1
1.3.7 Puncture hazard 7.6.1
8 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles in
machine design such as hazards caused by:
8.1 Unhealthy postures or excessive efforts Not applicable
8.6 Human errors 5.6.11, 7.6.1
15 Assembly errors 7.6.1
17 Fall or ejection of objects 5.6.2, 5.6.3, 5.6.6
18 Loss of stability/overturning of machine 7.6.1
20 Hazards relating to movement:
20.6 Inadequate ability of machine to be slowed down, stopped and Not applicable
immobilised
21 Hazards due to work position (including operator’s position) on
the machine:
21.4 Mechanical hazards at work position
- contact with wheels Not applicable
23 Resulting from the handling of the machine Not significant
26 Inadequate instructions for driver/operator 7.6.1
27 Mechanical hazards and dangerous events:
27.1 Resulting from falling load, collisions, swinging of machine caused
by
Uncontrolled loading – over loading 5.1.6, 7.1.1, 7.1.3
Uncontrolled amplitude of the movement Not applicable
Unexpected/unintended movement of the loads 5.6.2, 5.6.6
Inadequate holding devices 5.6.3
Collision of more than one machine Not applicable
27.3 Resulting from a derailment Not applicable
27.4 Resulting from inadequate mechanical strength of parts 5.6.1
27.5 Resulting from inadequate design of pulleys, drums 5.6, 5.6.4, 5.6.10
27.6 Resulting from inadequate selection/integration into the machine for 7.6.1
chains, cables, lifting accessories
27.7 Resulting from descent of load by friction brakes Not applicable
27.8 Resulting from abnormal assembly/test/use/maintenance conditions 7.6.1, 7.6.2
29 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles
29.1 Inadequate visibility from the operator position 7.6.1

5 Safety requirements and/or measures
5.1 Hand chain blocks
5.1.1 Combined units
The trolley of a combined trolley and hand chain block shall be in accordance with 5.4.
5.1.2 Mechanical strength
5.1.2.1 The mechanical strength shall be checked by an appropriate calculation method. Hand chain blocks
shall have a coefficient of utilisation (safety coefficient) of at least 4 : 1.
5.1.2.2 Hand chain blocks shall be designed to withstand 1 500 cycles with 110% of the rated capacity with no
failure or replacement of parts, no resting time, except for lubrication, a lifting path of the load chain of at least
300 mm per cycle in order to get at least a complete revolution of the load chain wheel.
5.1.3 Braking
Hand chain blocks shall have an automatic braking function during the lifting and lowering operation.
The braking function shall be automatic when the operating force ceases, whether the motion is lifting or
lowering.
The braking device shall allow a regular descent under operator control whatever the position of the load.
The brakes shall not contain asbestos.
5.1.4 Springs
The fracture of a spring shall not lead to a failure of the braking system except the springs used for load hook
safety latches. This can be fulfilled by incorporation of a single guided pressure spring or by using several springs.
Guided pressure springs shall have a distance between the coils of less than or equal to the wire diameter. When
using several springs, in the case of the failure of one spring, the remaining spring(s) shall ensure that the
retention is maintained.
5.1.5 Operating elements
Hand chains shall be secured against unintentional disconnection from the hand chain wheel.
5.1.6 Operating effort
To lift the rated capacity the operating effort of each operator shall not exceed 55 daN on the hand chain.
To avoid overloading, the operating effort of each operator to lift the rated capacity shall be between the following
values:
20 daN up to 55 daN on the hand chain
a) rated capacity ≤ 1 000 kg:
40 daN up to 55 daN on the hand chain
b) 1 000 kg < rated capacity< 5 000 kg:
45 daN up to 55 daN on the hand chain
c) 5 000 kg ≤ rated capacity:
If the operating effort is beneath 20 daN at rated capacity the hand chain block shall be equipped with an overload
protection system, against overloading caused by excessive operating effort on the hand chain. The overload
system shall be independent from the braking device and shall operate in away that the lowering function is
maintained and that the load remains under control. The triggering shall not lead to sudden release of the hand
chain.
5.1.7 Guarding cover
Accessible parts of the hand chain block shall have no sharp edges, no sharp angles, and no rough surfaces likely
to cause injury.
Gearing shall be guarded to prevent accidental ingress of parts of the body.
5.1.8 Hooks
Hooks shall be fitted with safety latches to prevent unintentional detachment.
The top hook shall be capable of swivelling for correct positioning
Load hooks used as lifting medium, which are not manufactured in accordance with a recognised standard shall
not show permanent deformation at a static load of 2-times the rated capacity. At a static load of 4-times the
rated capacity, the hook shall be allowed to bend however the load shall remain held safely.
This shall be ensured by selecting the appropriate materials and by the heat treatment.
NOTE Standards for hooks are listed in annex A
5.1.9 Chain wheel
A chain guide shall be provided to prevent the hand chain and the load chain from jumping off of the chain
wheels.
The selection criteria and the technical requirements shall be in accordance with EN 818-7.
Load chain wheels shall be made in one piece.
5.1.10 Link chain
The coefficient of utilisation shall be at least 4 for welded load bearing calibrated link chains;
− Load chains shall be in accordance with EN 818-7, for fine tolerance short link chains (grade T)
Hand chains shall have no sharpness around the welds.
The connecting links of the hand chain shall resist without permanent deformation a force of at least 120 daN .
5.1.11 Anchorage and end stop of the load chain
Chain anchorage devices of the fixed end type shall withstand 4 times the static chain tensile force at rated
capacity without rupture.
The free end of the load chain shall be fitted with a chain end stop to prevent it from passing through completely.
This end stop shall withstand without rupture 2,5 times the static chain tensile force at rated capacity.
5.1.12 Temperature
Hand chain blocks, and their components shall be capable of operating within an ambient temperature range of
- 10°C to + 50°C unless another temperature range is agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
5.1.13 Safety devices
The braking system and the overload protection system shall only be able to be removed, modified replaced,
interfered or neutralised by the use of tools.
5.1.14 Handling, installation and fastening
The requirement for safe handle of chain blocks is fulfilled:
− If handles, hooks, or other means for slinging is provided or;
− If the design of the chain blocks provides hand gripping points for manual handling.
5.2 Lever hoists
5.2.1 Combined units
The trolley of a combined trolley and lever hoist shall be in accordance with 5.4.
5.2.2 Mechanical strength
5.2.2.1
The mechanical strength shall be checked by an appropriate calculation method. Lever hoists shall
have a coefficient of utilisation (safety coefficient) of at least 4 : 1.
5.2.2.2 The lever hoist shall be designed to withstand 1 500 cycles with 110% of the rated capacity with no
failure, no replacement of parts, no resting time, except for lubrication, a lifting path of the lifting medium of at
least 300 mm per cycle in order to get at least a complete revolution of the load chain wheel or drum.
5.2.3 Braking
Lever hoists shall have an automatic braking function during the lifting and lowering operation.
The braking function shall be automatic when the operating force ceases, whether the motion is lifting or
lowering.
The braking device shall allow a regular descent automatically controlled whatever the position of the load.
The brakes shall not contain asbestos.
5.2.4 Springs
The fracture of a spring shall not lead to a failure of the braking system except the springs used for load hook
safety latches. This can be fulfilled by incorporation of a single guided pressure spring or by using several springs.
Guided pressure springs shall have a distance between the coils of less than or equal to the wire diameter. When
using several springs, in the case of the failure of one spring, the remaining spring(s) shall ensure that the
retention is maintained.
5.2.5 Operating elements
Removable levers shall be capable of being secured against unintentional slippage/stripping and disconnection
from the drive shaft.
Levers shall have a return travel distance not exceeding 150 mm (see figure 9). After a movement of not more
than 150 mm, a pawl or other load retaining device shall be engaged.
5.2.6 Operating effort
To lift the rated capacity the operating effort shall not exceed 55 daN at the end of the lever.
To avoid overloading, the operating effort at the end of the lever to lift the rated capacity shall be between the
following values:
a) rated capacity ≤ 1 000 kg:  20 daN up to 55 daN on the lever
b) 1 000 kg < rated capacity< 5 000 kg: 40 daN up to 55 daN on the lever
c) 5 000 kg ≤ rated capacity:  45 daN up to 55 daN on the lever

If the operating effort is beneath 20 daN at rated capacity the lever hoist shall be equipped with an overload
protection system, against overloading caused by excessive operating effort on the levers. The overload system
shall be independent from the braking device and shall operate in away that the lowering function is maintained
and that the load remains under control. The triggering shall not lead to sudden release of the lever.
Figure 9 — Return travel distance of a lever hoist
5.2.7 Free spooling of the lifting medium.
For freespooling of the lifting medium it may be possible to open the brake system only under the condition of low
loading. The brake system shall automatically apply when the load on the lifting medium is greater than 30 kg for
capacities up to 1 000 kg, and greater than 3% of the rated load above 1 000 kg.
In this respect, the load shall not be allowed to descend more than 300 mm, before the brake acts to stop the load
falling.
It shall not be possible to declutch or disengage the chain wheel, the drive shaft and/or other components.
150 mm
5.2.8 Guarding - cover
Accessible parts of the lever hoist shall have no sharp edges, no sharp angles, and no rough surfaces likely to
cause injury.
Gearing shall be guarded to prevent accidental ingress of parts of the body.
5.2.9 Hooks
Hooks shall be fitted with safety latches to prevent unintentional detachment.
The top hook shall be capable of swivelling for correct positioning.
Load hooks used as lifting medium, which are not manufactured in accordance with a recognised standard shall
not show permanent deformation at a static load of 2-times the rated capacity. At a static load of 4-times the
rated capacity, the hook shall be allowed to bend however the load shall remain held safely.
This shall be ensured by selecting the appropriate materials and by the heat treatment.
NOTE Standards for hooks are listed in annex A.
5.2.10 Drum
...