EN 15603:2008

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Energijske karakteristike stavb - Splošna raba energije in opredelitev potreb po energijiEnergieeffizienz von Gebäuden - Gesamtenergieverbrauch und Festlegung der EnergiebedarfskennwertePerformance énergétique des bâtiments - Consommation globale d'énergie et définition des évaluations énergétiquesEnergy performance of buildings - Overall energy use and definition of energy ratings91.120.10Toplotna izolacija stavbThermal insulationICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 15603:2008SIST EN 15603:2008en,fr,de01-april-2008SIST EN 15603:2008SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 15603January 2008ICS 91.140.99 English VersionEnergy performance of buildings - Overall energy use anddefinition of energy ratingsPerformance énergétique des bâtiments - Consommationglobale d'énergie et définition des évaluations énergétiquesEnergieeffizienz von Gebäuden - Gesamtenergieverbrauchund Festlegung der EnergiekennwerteThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 24 November 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2008 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 15603:2008: ESIST EN 15603:2008

Methods for collecting building data.38 A.1 Data on building envelope.38 A.1.1 General.38 A.1.2 Assessment of thermal transmittance of opaque building elements.38 A.1.3 Assessment of thermal transmittance and total solar energy transmittance of transparent elements.38 A.1.4 Assessment of thermal characteristics of thermal bridges.39 A.1.5 Assessment of air flow rates and infiltration.39 A.2 Thermal capacity.39 A.3 Heating systems.40 A.4 Ventilation systems.40 A.4.1 Assessment of airflow rates.40 A.4.2 Thermal efficiency of heat recovery systems.40 A.4.3 Assessment of auxiliary energy use.41 A.5 Cooling systems.41 A.6 Building operation.41 Annex B (informative)
Energy monitoring.42 B.1 Energy signature.42 B.2 H-m method.44 Annex C (informative)
Other uses of energy.46 C.1 General.46 C.2 Residential buildings.46 C.3 Office buildings.46 Annex D (informative)
Calorific values of fuels.48 D.1 General.48 D.2 Solid and liquid energy carriers.48 D.3 Gaseous fuels.49 Annex E (informative)
Factors and coefficients.50 Annex F (informative)
Confidence intervals.51 F.1 Definition.51 F.2 Assessment of confidence interval.51 F.3 Examples.52 F.3.1 General.52 F.3.2 Indications on confidence intervals.53 Annex G (informative)
Example.55 G.1 Building description.55 G.2 Standard calculated rating.55 Bibliography.62
“Energy Performance of Building project group”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2008. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association (Mandate M/343), and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2002/91/EC on the energy performance of buildings (EPBD). It forms part of a series of standards aimed at European harmonisation of the methodology for the calculation of the energy performance of buildings. An overview of the whole set of standards is given in CEN/TR 15615. SIST EN 15603:2008

Energy certification of buildings requires a method that is applicable to both new and existing buildings, and which treats them in an equivalent way. Therefore, a methodology to obtain equivalent results from different sets of data is presented in this standard. A methodology to assess missing data and to calculate a standard energy use for space heating and cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water and lighting is provided. This standard also provides a methodology to assess the energy effectiveness of possible improvements. Two principal types of energy ratings for buildings are proposed in this standard: e) calculated energy rating;
f) measured energy rating.
Because of the differences in the way these two ratings are obtained, they cannot be directly compared. However, the difference between the two ratings for the same building can be used to assess the cumulative effects of actual construction, systems and operating conditions versus standard ones and the contribution of energy uses not included in the calculated energy rating. Local values for factors and coefficients needed to calculate primary energy and CO2 emissions related to energy policy should be defined in a national annex. NOTE Energy is not produced, but only transformed. In this standard however energy is used in one form by systems that generate other forms of energy. At its final stage in the building, energy is used to provide services such as heating, cooling, ventilation, hot water, lighting, etc.SIST EN 15603:2008

b) account for energy generated in the building, some of which may be exported for use elsewhere; c) present a summary of the overall energy use of the building in tabular form; d) provide energy ratings based on primary energy, carbon dioxide emission or other parameters defined by national energy policy; e) establish general principles for the calculation of primary energy factors and carbon emission coefficients. This standard defines the energy services to be taken into account for setting energy performance ratings for planned and existing buildings, and provides for this: f) method to compute the standard calculated energy rating, a standard energy use that does not depend on occupant behaviour, actual weather and other actual (environment or indoor) conditions;
g) method to assess the measured energy rating, based on the delivered and exported energy;
h) methodology to improve confidence in the building calculation model by comparison with actual energy use; i) method to assess the energy effectiveness of possible improvements. This European standard is applicable to a part of a building (e.g. flat), a whole building, or several buildings.
It is up to national bodies to define under which conditions, for which purposes and for which types of buildings the various ratings apply.
This standard handles the energy performance of a building as a whole. The assessment of the energy performance of specific technical building systems is handled in the appropriate part of EN 15241, EN 15243 and EN 15316 series. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 15193, Energy performance of buildings  Energy requirements for lighting
EN 15217, Energy performance of buildings  Methods for expressing energy performance and for energy certification of buildings EN 15232:2007, Energy performance of buildings - Impact of Building Automation, Controls and Building Management EN 15241, Ventilation for buildings  Calculation methods for energy losses due to ventilation and infiltration in commercial buildings EN 15243, Ventilation for buildings  Calculation of room temperatures and of load and energy for buildings with room conditioning systems
EN ISO 7345:1995, Thermal insulation  Physical quantities and definitions (ISO 7345:1987) EN ISO 12569, Thermal insulation in buildings  Determination of air change in buildings  Tracer gas dilution method (ISO 12569:2000) EN ISO 13789, Thermal performance of buildings - Transmission heat loss coefficient - Calculation method (ISO 13789:1999) EN ISO 13790, Thermal performance of buildings - Calculation of energy use for space heating (ISO 13790:2004) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 7345:1995 and the following apply. 3.1 Buildings
3.1.1 building construction as a whole, including its envelope and all technical building systems, for which energy is used to condition the indoor climate, to provide domestic hot water and illumination and other services related to the use of the building NOTE The term can refer to the building as a whole or to parts thereof that have been designed or altered to be used separately. 3.1.2 new building for calculated energy rating: building at design stage or under construction for measured energy rating: building too recently constructed to have reliable records of energy use 3.1.3 existing building for calculated energy rating: building that is erected for measured energy rating: building for which actual data necessary to assess the energy use are known or can be measured 3.1.4 technical building system technical equipment for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water, lighting and electricity production NOTE 1 A technical building system can refer to one or to several building services (e.g. heating system, heating and DHW system). NOTE 2 A technical building system is composed of different subsystems. NOTE 3 Electricity production can include cogeneration and photovoltaic systems. 3.1.5 building services services provided by the technical building systems and by appliances to provide the indoor climate condition, illumination and other services related to the use of the building SIST EN 15603:2008

3.2.1 auxiliary energy electrical energy used by technical building systems for heating, cooling, ventilation and/or domestic water to support energy transformation to satisfy energy needs NOTE 1 This includes energy for fans, pumps, electronics, etc. Electrical energy input to the ventilation system for air transport and heat recovery is not considered as auxiliary energy, but as energy use for ventilation. NOTE 2 In EN ISO 9488, Solar energy – Vocabulary, the energy used for pumps and valves is called "parasitic energy". 3.2.2 cogeneration simultaneous generation in one process of thermal energy and electrical or mechanical energy NOTE Also known as combined heat and power (CHP). 3.2.3 system thermal loss thermal loss from a technical building system for heating, cooling, domestic hot water, humidification, dehumidification or ventilation that does not contribute to the useful output of the system SIST EN 15603:2008

3.2.5 recovered system thermal loss part of the recoverable system thermal loss which has been recovered to lower either the energy need for heating or cooling or the energy use of the heating or cooling system NOTE This depends on the calculation approach chosen to calculate the recovered gains and losses (holistic or simplified approach).
3.3 Energy
3.3.1 energy source source from which useful energy can be extracted or recovered either directly or by means of a conversion or transformation process NOTE Examples include oil or gas fields, coal mines, sun, forests etc. 3.3.2 energy carrier substance or phenomenon that can be used to produce mechanical work or heat or to operate chemical or physical processes
[ISO 13600:1997] NOTE The energy content of fuels is given by their gross calorific value. 3.3.3 system boundary boundary that includes within it all areas associated with the building (both inside and outside the building) where energy is consumed or produced NOTE Inside the system boundary the system losses are taken into account explicitly, outside the system boundary they are taken into account in the conversion factor. 3.3.4 delivered energy energy, expressed per energy carrier, supplied to the technical building systems through the system boundary, to satisfy the uses taken into account (heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water, lighting, appliances etc.) or to produce electricity NOTE 1
For active solar and wind energy systems the incident solar radiation on solar panels or on solar collectors or the kinetic energy of wind is not part of the energy balance of the building. It is decided at national level whether or not renewable energy produced on site is part of the delivered energy. NOTE 2 Delivered energy can be calculated for defined energy uses or it can be measured. SIST EN 15603:2008

NOTE 2 Exported energy can be calculated or it can be measured. 3.3.6 net delivered energy delivered minus exported energy, both expressed per energy carrier NOTE 1 A balance of the delivered and exported energy per energy carrier can be performed only if the same primary energy factors and/or CO2 coefficients apply to the delivered and exported amounts of that energy carrier. NOTE 2 The term "net" can also be applied to quantities derived from net delivered energy, e.g. primary energy or CO2 emissions. 3.3.7 non-renewable energy energy taken from a source which is depleted by extraction (e.g. fossil fuels) 3.3.8 renewable energy
energy from sources that are not depleted by extraction, such as solar energy (thermal and photovoltaic), wind, water power, renewed biomass NOTE In ISO 13602-1:2002, renewable resource is defined as "natural resource for which the ratio of the creation of the natural resource to the output of that resource from nature to the technosphere is equal to or greater than one". 3.3.9 renewable energy produced on the building site energy produced by technical building systems directly connected to the building using renewable energy sources 3.3.10 primary energy
energy that has not been subjected to any conversion or transformation process NOTE 1 Primary energy includes non-renewable energy and renewable energy. If both are taken into account it can be called total primary energy.
NOTE 2 For a building, it is the energy used to produce the energy delivered to the building. It is calculated from the delivered and exported amounts of energy carriers, using conversion factors.
3.3.11 total primary energy factor for a given energy carrier, non-renewable and renewable primary energy divided by delivered energy, where the primary energy is that required to supply one unit of delivered energy, taking account of the energy required for extraction, processing, storage, transport, generation, transformation, transmission, distribution, and any other operations necessary for delivery to the building in which the delivered energy will be used NOTE The total primary energy factor always exceeds unity. 3.3.12 non-renewable primary energy factor for a given energy carrier, non-renewable primary energy divided by delivered energy, where the non-renewable energy is that required to supply one unit of delivered energy, taking account of the non-renewable energy required for extraction, processing, storage, transport, generation, transformation, transmission, SIST EN 15603:2008

for a given energy carrier, quantity of CO2 emitted to the atmosphere per unit of delivered energy NOTE The CO2 emission coefficient can also include the equivalent emissions of other greenhouse gases (e.g. methane). 3.3.14 energy use for space heating or cooling or domestic hot water energy input to the heating, cooling or hot water system to satisfy the energy need for heating, cooling (including dehumidification) or hot water respectively NOTE If the technical building system serves several purposes (e.g. heating and domestic hot water) it can be difficult to split the energy use into that used for each purpose. It can be indicated as a combined quantity (e.g. energy need for space heating and domestic hot water). 3.3.15 energy need for heating or cooling heat to be delivered to or extracted from a conditioned space to maintain the intended temperature conditions during a given period of time NOTE 1 The energy need is calculated and cannot easily be measured. NOTE 2 The energy need can include additional heat transfer resulting from non-uniform temperature distribution and non-ideal temperature control, if they are taken into account by increasing (decreasing) the effective temperature for heating (cooling) and not included in the heat transfer due to the heating (cooling) system. 3.3.16 energy need for domestic hot water heat to be delivered to the needed amount of domestic hot water to raise its temperature from the cold network temperature to the prefixed delivery temperature at the delivery point 3.3.17 energy need for humidification and dehumidification latent heat in the water vapour to be delivered to or extracted from a conditioned space by a technical building system to maintain a specified minimum or maximum humidity within the space
3.3.18 energy use for ventilation electrical energy input to the ventilation system for air transport and heat recovery (not including the energy input for preheating the air) and energy input to the humidification systems to satisfy the need for humidification 3.3.19 energy use for lighting electrical energy input to the lighting system 3.3.20 gross calorific value quantity of heat released by a unit quantity of fuel, when it is burned completely with oxygen at a constant pressure equal to 101 320 Pa, and when the products of combustion are returned to ambient temperature NOTE 1 This quantity includes the latent heat of condensation of any water vapour contained in the fuel and of the water vapour formed by the combustion of any hydrogen contained in the fuel. NOTE 2 According to ISO 13602-2, the gross calorific value is preferred to the net calorific value. SIST EN 15603:2008

3.4.1 energy rating evaluation of the energy performance of a building based on the weighted sum of the calculated or measured use of energy carriers 3.4.2 calculated energy rating energy rating based on calculations of the weighted delivered and exported energy of a building for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water and lighting NOTE National bodies can decide whether other energy uses resulting from occupants' activities such as cooking, production, laundry, computer equipment, etc. are included or not. If included, standard input data needs to be provided for the various types of building and uses. Lighting is always included except (by decision of national bodies) for residential buildings. 3.4.3 standard energy rating energy rating calculated with actual data for the building and standard use data set NOTE 1 It represents the intrinsic annual energy use of a building under standardised conditions. This is particularly relevant to certification of standard energy performance. NOTE 2 It can also be termed "asset energy rating". 3.4.4 design energy rating energy rating with design data for the building and standard use data set NOTE
It represents the calculated intrinsic annual energy use of a designed building under standardised conditions. This is particularly relevant to obtain a building permit at the design stage. 3.4.5 tailored energy rating calculated energy rating using actual data for a building and actual climate and occupancy data 3.4.6 measured energy rating energy rating based on measured amounts of delivered and exported energy NOTE 1 The measured rating is the weighted sum of all energy carriers used by the building, as measured by meters or other means. It is a measure of the in-use performance of the building. This is particularly relevant to certification of actual energy performance. NOTE 2 Also known as "operational rating". 3.4.7 confidence interval interval that has a high probability (e.g. 95 %) to include the actual value 3.5 Energy calculation
3.5.1 building calculation model mathematical model of the building, used to calculate its energy use SIST EN 15603:2008

f Primary energy or policy factor - Htr, Hve Heat transfer coefficient by transmission, ventilation W/K H Calorific value MJ/kg K CO2 emission coefficient kg/J; g/kWh m Mass (e.g. quantity of CO2-emissions) kg O Occupancy persons Q Quantity of heat J, Wh a) t Time, period of time s a)
V Volume m³ η Efficiency, utilisation factor - θ Celsius temperature °C a) Hours (h) may be used as the unit of time instead of seconds for all quantities involving time (i.e. for
time periods as well as for air change rates), but in that case the unit of energy is Wh instead of J.b) The unit depends on the type of energy carrier.
Table 2 — Subscripts C Cooling an Annual CO2 Related to CO2 emissions per For a period of time E Electricity e External H Heating dh District heat L Lighting ngen Without generation P Primary ren Renewable energy T Thermal nren Non renewable V Ventilation nrvd Not recovered W Hot water gen Generation, generator hum Humidification out Output dhum De-humidification in Input pr Produced sol Solar pol Related to policy i,j,k Dummy subscripts calc Calculated rvd Recovered meas Measured int Internal del Delivered exp Exported nd Need aux Auxiliary rbl Recoverable dis Distribution system ls Loss sys System
5 Assessment of energy performance of buildings 5.1 Energy uses The assessment of the annual energy used by a building shall comprise the following services:  heating;  cooling and dehumidification;  ventilation and humidification;  hot water;  lighting (optional for residential buildings);  other services (optional). The annual energy use includes auxiliary energy and losses of all systems.
National bodies decide if energy for lighting in residential buildings, as well as energy for other services (e.g. electrical appliances, cooking, industrial processes) in all types of buildings shall be included or not in the calculated rating.
NOTE Energy uses for lighting and other services are included in the measured energy rating. 5.2 Assessment boundaries The boundaries for the energy performance assessment shall be clearly defined before the assessment. It is called system boundary. The system boundary is related to the rated object (e.g. flat, building, etc).
Inside the system boundary the system losses are taken into account explicitly; outside the system boundary they are taken into account in the conversion factor.
Energy can be imported or exported through the system boundary. Some of these energy flows can be quantified by meters (e.g. gas, electricity, district heating and water). The system boundary for energy carriers is the meters for gas, electricity, district heating and water, the loading port of the storage facility for liquid and solid energy carriers.
Consequently if a part of a technical building system (e.g. boiler, chiller, cooling tower, etc.) is located outside the building envelope but forms part of the building services assessed, it is considered to be inside the system boundary, and its system losses are therefore taken into account explicitly. SIST EN 15603:2008

Key
1 user
6 auxiliary energy 2 storage
7 thermal solar collector 3 boiler
8 photovoltaic panels 4 fuel
9 boundary 5 electricity Figure 1 — Boundary  Examples of energy flows across the system boundary For active solar, wind or water energy systems, the incident solar radiation on solar panels or the kinetic energy of wind or water is not part of the energy balance of the building. Only the energy delivered by the generation devices and the auxiliary energy needed to supply the energy from the source (e.g. solar collector) to the building are taken into account in the energy balance. It is decided on the national level, if this energy is part or not of the delivered energy. The assessment can be made for a group of buildings, if they are on the same lot or if they are serviced by the same technical systems.
NOTE For the rating according to EN 15217 no more than one of the buildings may have a conditioned area of more than 1 000 m2.
Specific rules for the boundaries, depending on the purpose of the energy performance assessment and the type of the buildings may be provided at national level. 5.3 Types and uses of ratings Th
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