CEN/TR 16110:2010
(Main)Characterization of waste - Guidance on the use of ecotoxicity tests applied to waste
Characterization of waste - Guidance on the use of ecotoxicity tests applied to waste
Ecotoxicity tests can be applied to wastes to identify their potential hazardous properties with respect to the environment or to assess the risk related to a site-specific exposure scenario. This document provides guidance for the selection and use of ecotoxicity tests for both applications.
This document focuses on the following selected field of applications:
a) Basic ecotoxicological characterization;
b) Site-specific exposure scenario;
c) Landfill management:
1) monitoring of leachates;
2) mineral waste going to non-controlled landfill sites.
d) Re-use of waste:
1) use of sludge in agriculture;
2) use of mineral waste in road construction.
The user should be aware that other fields of application can also be covered by ecotoxicological testing not being in the scope of the document. The ecotoxicological assessment of waste within other scenarios might need the development of other test strategies.
Depending on the waste type and the assessment goal, relevant criteria are described for the selection of a test strategy and the suitable ecotoxicity test(s).
This document also provides guidance for individual ecotoxicity test protocols to meet the specific demands of waste testing (e.g. limitations, test design, confounding factors).The tests recommended represent a minimum test battery that may be accomplished by additional tests or even be replaced by others according to the waste, the intended use or protection goal envisaged.
Charakterisierung von Abfällen - Anleitung zur Anwendung von Ökotoxizitätsprüfungen auf Abfälle
Die Ökotoxizitätsprüfungen können auf Abfälle angewendet werden, um deren potentielle umweltgefährdende Eigenschaften zu identifizieren oder um das auf ein standortspezifisches Expositionsszenarium zurückgehen-de Risiko abzuschätzen. Dieses Dokument stellt eine Anleitung zur Auswahl und zum Einsatz von Ökotoxizi-tätsprüfungen für beide Anwendungen zur Verfügung.
Die Schwerpunkte dieses Dokuments liegen auf den folgenden ausgewählten Anwendungsbereichen:
a) grundlegende ökotoxikologische Charakterisierung;
b) standortspezifisches Expositionsszenarium;
c) Deponiemanagement:
1) Überwachung von Sickerwasser;
2) mineralische Abfälle, die auf unüberwachten Deponien abgelagert werden.
d) Abfallwiederverwertung:
1) landwirtschaftliche Wiederverwertung von Schlamm;
2) Wiederverwertung von mineralischen Abfällen im Straßenbau.
Der Anwender sollte sich dessen bewusst sein, dass weitere, außerhalb des Anwendungsbereiches dieses Dokuments liegende Anwendungsgebiete ebenfalls durch ökotoxikologische Prüfung abgedeckt werden können. Die ökotoxikologische Bewertung von Abfällen innerhalb weiterer Szenarien kann die Entwicklung weiterer Prüfstrategien erfordern.
Die relevanten Kriterien für die Auswahl einer Prüfstrategie und der geeigneten Ökotoxizitätsprüfung(en) sind in Abhängigkeit von der Abfallart und dem Bewertungszweck beschrieben.
Dieses Dokument stellt ebenfalls eine Anleitung hinsichtlich einzelner ökotoxikologischer Prüfverfahren zur Verfügung (z. B. im Hinblick auf Einschränkungen, das Prüfkonzept oder störende Faktoren), um spezifische Anforderungen der Abfallprüfung zu erfüllen. Die empfohlenen Prüfungen stellen eine Mindesttestbatterie dar, die durch zusätzliche Prüfverfahren ergänzt oder durch andere Prüfverfahren entsprechend dem Abfall, der beabsich¬tigten Verwendung oder dem anvisierten Schutzziel ersetzt werden kann.
Caractérisation des déchets - Lignes directrices pour l'utilisation des essais d'écotoxicité appliqués aux déchets
Les essais d'écotoxicité peuvent être appliqués aux déchets pour identifier leurs propriétés de danger potentiel en fonction de l'environnement ou pour évaluer le risque lié à un scénario d'exposition site-spécifique. Le présent document fournit des lignes directrices relatives à la sélection et l'utilisation d'essais d'écotoxicité pour les deux applications.
Le présent document concerne les domaines d'application sélectionnés suivants :
a) Caractérisation écotoxicologique de base ;
b) Scénario d'exposition site-spécifique ;
c) Gestion des décharges :
1) surveillance des lixiviats ;
2) déchets minéraux sur des sites d’enfouissement non contrôlés.
d) Réutilisation des déchets :
1) utilisation des boues en agriculture ;
2) utilisation des déchets minéraux dans le domaine de la construction de routes.
Il convient que l'utilisateur sache que d'autres domaines d'application peuvent également être couverts par des essais écotoxicologiques qui ne font pas partie du domaine d'application du document. L'évaluation écotoxicologique des déchets effectuée dans d'autres situations peut nécessiter le développement d'autres stratégies d'essai.
Selon le type de déchets et l'objectif d'évaluation, des critères pertinents sont décrits pour la sélection d'une stratégie d'essai et du ou des essai(s) d'écotoxicité approprié(s).
Le présent document fournit également des lignes directrices relatives à des protocoles d'essai d'écotoxicité individuels afin de répondre aux demandes spécifiques des essais portant sur les déchets (par exemple limites, dispositif d'essai, facteurs confondants). Les essais recommandés représentent une batterie minimale d'essais qui peut comprendre des essais supplémentaires ou encore être remplacés par d'autres, selon les déchets, l'utilisation prévue ou l'objectif de protection envisagé.
Karakterizacija odpadkov - Navodilo za uporabo ekotoksikoloških preskusov za odpadke
Ekotoksikološki preskusi se lahko uporabljajo za odpadke, za ugotovitev njihovih morebitnih nevarnih lastosti glede okolja ali za ocenitev tveganja, povezanega s scenarijem izpostavljenosti za posamezno lokacijo. To tehnično poročilo zagotavlja navodilo za izbor in uporabo ekotoksikoloških preskusov za obe uporabi.
Ta dokument se osredotoča na naslednja izbrana področja uporabe:
a) osnovno ekotoksikološko karakterizacijo;
b) scenarij izpostavljenosti za posamezno lokacijo;
c) upravljanje odlagališč:
1) spremljanje in nadzorovanje izcednih vod;
2) mineralnih odpadkov na nekontroliranih odlagališčih;
d) ponovna uporaba odpadkov:
1) uporaba mulja v kmetijstvu;
2) uporaba mineralnih odpadkov pri gradnji cest.
Uporabnik se mora zavedati, da druga področja uporabe lahko prav tako pokrivajo ekotoksikološki preskusi, ki niso zajeti v področje tega dokumenta. Za ekotoksikološko oceno odpadkov v drugih scenarijih bo morda treba razviti druge strategije preskušanja.
Glede na vrsto odpadkov in cilj ocenjevanja so opisana ustrezna merila za izbiro preskusne strategije in primernih ekotoksikoloških preskusov.
Ta dokument tudi podaja vodilo za posamezne ekotoksikološke preskusne protokole, ki ustrezajo specifičnim zahtevam preskušanja odpadkov (npr. omejitve, zasnova preskusa, moteči dejavniki). Priporočeni preskusi predstavljajo najmanjši sistem preskusov, ki jih je mogoče doseči z dodatnimi preskusi ali celo nadomestiti z drugimi, glede na odpadke, nameravano uporabo ali cilj zaščite.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2011
Karakterizacija odpadkov - Navodilo za uporabo ekotoksikoloških preskusov za
odpadke
Characterization of waste - Guidance on the use of ecotoxicity tests applied to waste
Charakterisierung von Abfällen - Anleitung zur Beurteilung von Biotests zur
ökotoxikologischen Charakterisierung von Abfällen
Caractérisation des déchets - Lignes directrices pour l'utilisation des essais d'écotoxicité
appliqués aux déchets
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 16110:2010
ICS:
13.030.01 Odpadki na splošno Wastes in general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
TECHNICAL REPORT
CEN/TR 16110
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
December 2010
ICS 13.030.01
English Version
Characterization of waste - Guidance on the use of ecotoxicity
tests applied to waste
Caractérisation des déchets - Lignes directrices pour Charakterisierung von Abfällen - Anleitung zur Anwendung
l'utilisation des essais d'écotoxicité appliqués aux déchets von Ökotoxizitätsprüfungen auf Abfälle
This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 14 September 2010. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 292.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 16110:2010: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
Foreword .3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references .5
3 Terms and definitions .7
4 General information provided by the content of the guidance document.8
5 Sampling, transport, storage and sample preparation .8
6 Leaching procedures for ecotoxicological testing .8
6.1 Overview of methods .8
6.1.1 General .8
6.1.2 Basic characterization .9
6.1.3 Compliance tests .9
6.1.4 "On-site verification" .9
6.2 Selection of leaching tests . 10
7 Ecotoxicological testing . 13
7.1 General remarks about the use of ecotoxicity tests . 13
7.2 General criteria for selection of tests for establishing a test battery . 13
7.3 Limitations of proposed ecotoxicity tests for waste characterization . 15
8 Selected field of applications . 16
8.1 Basic ecotoxicological characterization . 16
8.1.1 Introduction . 16
8.1.2 Sample pre-treatment and leaching procedure . 16
8.1.3 Recommendation of minimum test battery . 17
8.2 Site specific exposure scenarios . 17
8.2.1 General . 17
8.2.2 Landfill management . 17
8.2.3 Re-Use of waste . 20
Bibliography . 23
Foreword
This document (CEN/TR 16110:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 292
“Characterization of waste”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document is a Technical Report.
Introduction
Ecotoxicity can be estimated using two approaches: a chemical-specific approach and a toxicity-based
approach. In the first situation, chemical analyses are compared to quality criteria or threshold values to
estimate toxicity. In the second case, toxicity is measured directly using toxicity tests. These two approaches
complement each other. However, determination of pollutants in complex mixtures of unknown composition (a
characteristic of many wastes) does not allow a relevant estimation of toxicity. For such samples, the toxicity-
based approach is usually recognised to be the best approach to assess toxicity. Ecotoxicity tests integrate
the effects of all contaminants including additive, synergistic and antagonistic effects. They are sensitive to the
bioavailable fraction of the contaminants only and integrate the effects of all contaminants, including those, not
considered or detected by chemical analyses.
Ecotoxicity tests may be applied to wastes to identify their potential hazardous intrinsic properties with respect
to the environment for basic characterization or to assess the risk related to a site-specific exposure scenario.
The majority of existing ecotoxicity tests being internationally harmonized were developed to describe the
ecotoxic potential of a test substance when added to water or to soil/soil material, of waste water or of eluates.
These methods can be applied with some modifications for the ecotoxicological characterization of wastes. In
this situation, users of these methods should be aware that the validation of the methods is not complete.
Several studies as well as an International ring test have been conducted to validate some test methods for
waste samples and the results have been used as background information.
1 Scope
Ecotoxicity tests can be applied to wastes to identify their potential hazardous properties with respect to the
environment or to assess the risk related to a site-specific exposure scenario. This document provides
guidance for the selection and use of ecotoxicity tests for both applications.
This document focuses on the following selected field of applications:
a) Basic ecotoxicological characterization;
b) Site-specific exposure scenario;
c) Landfill management:
1) monitoring of leachates;
2) mineral waste going to non-controlled landfill sites.
d) Re-use of waste:
1) use of sludge in agriculture;
2) use of mineral waste in road construction.
The user should be aware that other fields of application can also be covered by ecotoxicological testing not
being in the scope of the document. The ecotoxicological assessment of waste within other scenarios might
need the development of other test strategies.
Depending on the waste type and the assessment goal, relevant criteria are described for the selection of a
test strategy and the suitable ecotoxicity test(s).
This document also provides guidance for individual ecotoxicity test protocols to meet the specific demands of
waste testing (e.g. limitations, test design, confounding factors).The tests recommended represent a minimum
test battery that may be accomplished by additional tests or even be replaced by others according to the
waste, the intended use or protection goal envisaged.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 12457-1:2002, Characterisation of waste Leaching Compliance test for leaching of granular waste
materials and sludges Part 1:One stage batch test at a liquid to solid ratio of 2 l/kg for materials with high
solid content and with particle size below 4 mm (without or with size reduction)
EN 12457-2:2002, Characterisation of waste Leaching Compliance test for leaching of granular waste
materials and sludges Part 2: One stage batch test at a liquid to solid ratio of 10 l/kg for materials with
particle size below 4 mm (without or with size reduction)
EN 12457-4:2002, Characterisation of waste Leaching Compliance test for leaching of granular waste
materials and sludges Part 4: One stage batch test at a liquid to solid ratio of 10 l/kg for materials with
particle size below 10 mm (without or with size reduction)
EN 12920:2006, Characterization of waste Methodology for the Determination of the Leaching Behaviour of
Waste under Specified Conditions
CEN/TR 13097:2010, Characterization of sludges Good practice for sludge utilisation in agriculture
CEN/TS 14405:2004, Characterization of waste Leaching behaviour test Up-flow percolation test (under
specified conditions)
CEN/TS 14429:2005, Characterization of waste Leaching behaviour tests Influence of pH on leaching
with initial acid/base addition
EN 14735:2005, Characterization of waste Preparation of waste samples for ecotoxicity tests
EN 14899:2005, Characterization of waste Sampling of waste materials Framework for the preparation
and application of a Sampling Plan
CEN/TR 15584:2007, Characterisation of sludges Guide to risk assessment especially in relation to use
and disposal of sludges
EN ISO 6341:1996, Water quality Determination of the inhibition of the mobility of Daphnia magna Straus
(Cladocera, Crustacea) Acute toxicity test (ISO 6341:1996)
EN ISO 8692:2004, Water quality Freshwater algal growth inhibition test with unicellular green algae (ISO
8692:2004)
EN ISO 11348-1:2008, Water quality Determination of the inhibitory effect of water samples on the light
emission of Vibrio fischeri (Luminescent bacteria test) Part 1: Method using freshly prepared bacteria (ISO
11348-1:2007)
EN ISO 11348-2:2008, Water quality Determination of the inhibitory effect of water samples on the light
emission of Vibrio fischeri (Luminescent bacteria test) Part 2: Method using liquid-dried bacteria (ISO
11348-2:2007)
EN ISO 11348-3:2008, Water quality Determination of the inhibitory effect of water samples on the light
emission of Vibrio fischeri (Luminescent bacteria test) Part 3: Method using freeze-dried bacteria (ISO
11348-3:2007)
EN ISO 20079:2006, Water quality Determination of the toxic effect of water constituents and waste water
on duckweed (Lemna minor) Duckweed growth inhibition test (ISO 20079:2005)
EN ISO/TS 21268-2:2007, Soil quality — Leaching procedures for subsequent chemical and ecotoxicological
testing of soil and soil materials — Part 2: Bach test using a liquid to solid ratio of 10 L/kg dry matter (ISO/TS
21268-2:2007)
EN ISO/TS 21268-3:2007, Soil quality — Leaching procedures for subsequent chemical and ecotoxicological
testing of soil and soil materials — Part 3: Up-flow percolation test (ISO/TS 21268-3:2007)
EN ISO/TS 21268-4:2007, Soil quality Leaching procedures for subsequent chemical and ecotoxicological
testing of soil and soil materials — Part 4: Influence of pH on leaching with initial acid/base addition (ISO/TS
21268-4:2007)
ISO 10706:2000, Water quality Determination of long term toxicity of substances to Daphnia magna Straus
(Cladocera, Crustacea)
ISO 11268-2;1998, Soil quality Effects of pollutants on earthworms (Eisenia fetida) Part 2: Determination
of effects on reproduction
ISO 11269-2:2005, Soil quality Determination of the effects of pollutants on soil flora Part 2: Effects of
chemicals on the emergence and growth of higher plants
ISO 14238:1997, Soil quality Biological methods Determination of
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.