EN ISO 14001:1996

SLOVENSKI SIST EN ISO 14001
prva izdaja
STANDARD
maj 1997
Sistemi ravnanja z okoljem - Raz~lenitev z navodili za uporabo
(ISO 14001:1996) (identi~en EN ISO 14001:1996)
Environmental management systems - Specification with guidance for
use (ISO 14001:1996)
Systémes de management environnemental - Spécifications et lignes
directrices pour son utilisation (ISO 14001:1996)
Umweltmanagement-systeme - Spezifikation mit Anleitung zur
Anwendung (ISO 14001:1996)
Deskriptorji: okolje, varovanje okolja, ravnanje z okoljem, specifikacije, uporaba,
splo{ne zahteve
Referen~na {tevilka
ICS 13.020 SIST EN ISO 14001:1997 (sl,en)
Nadaljevanje na straneh od II do IV in od 2 do 35
© Standard je zalo`il in izdal Urad Republike Slovenije za standardizacijo in meroslovje pri Ministrstvu za znanost in
tehnologijo. Razmno`evanje ali kopiranje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

SIST EN ISO 14001 : 1997
UVOD
Standard SIST EN ISO 14001, Sistemi ravnanja z okoljem - Raz~lenitev z navodili za
uporabo, 1997, prva izdaja, ima status slovenskega standarda in je identi~en evropskemu
standardu EN ISO 14001, Environmental management systems - Specification with guidance
for use (ISO 14001:1996), 1996.
NACIONALNI PREDGOVOR
Evropski standard EN ISO 14001:1996 je pripravil mednarodni tehni~ni odbor ISO TC 207
Ravnanje z okoljem v sodelovanju z delovno skupino za podro~je certificiranja evropskih
organizacij za standardizacijo CEN in CENELEC. Besedilo sta 1996-08-21 potrdili mednarodna
organizacija za standardizacijo ISO in evropska organizacija za standardizacijo CEN.
Slovensko-angle{ko izdajo standarda je pripravil tehni~ni odbor USM/TC UZO Upravljanje z
okoljem.
Ta slovenski standard je dne 1997-04-24 odobril direktor USM.
OSNOVA ZA IZDAJO STANDARDA
Prevzem standarda EN ISO 14001:1996.
OPOMBE
- Povsod, kjer se v besedilu standarda uporablja izraz “mednarodni standard”, v
- Uvod in nacionalni predgovor nista sestavni del standarda.
- Slovenski standard SIST EN ISO 14001:1997 je identi~en tudi standardu
ISO 14001:1996.
II
SIST EN ISO 14001 : 1997
Vsebina Stran Content Page
Predgovor.2
Foreword.2
Uvod.3 Introduction.3
1 Predmet.7 1 Scope.7
2 Zveza z drugimi standardi.8 2 Normative references.8
3 Definicije.8 3 Definitions.8
4 Zahteve za sistem ravnanja z 4 Environmental management systems
okoljem.10 requirements.10
4.1 Splo{no.10 4.1 General requirements.10
4.2 Okoljska politika.10 4.2 Environmental policy.10
4.3 Planiranje.11 4.3 Planning.11
4.3.1 Okoljski vidiki.11 4.3.1 Environmental aspects.11
4.3.2 Zakonske in druge zahteve.11 4.3.2 Legal and other requirements.11
4.3.3 Okvirni in izvedbeni cilji.11 4.3.3 Objectives and targets.11
4.3.4 Program(i) ravnanja z okoljem.12 4.3.4 Environmental management
programme(s).12
4.4 Uvajanje in delovanje.12 4.4 Implementation and operation.12
4.4.1 Struktura in odgovornost.12 4.4.1 Structure and responsibility.12
4.4.2 Usposabljanje, zavedanje in 4.4.2 Training, awareness and
usposobljenost.13 competence.13
4.4.3 Komuniciranje.14 4.4.3 Communication.14
4.4.4 Dokumentacija sistema ravnanja z 4.4.4 Environmental management
okoljem.14
system documentation.14
4.4.5 Obvladovanje dokumentov.14 4.4.5 Document control.14
4.4.6 Obvladovanje delovanja.15 4.4.6 Operational control.15
4.4.7 Pripravljenost in odziv na izredne 4.4.7 Emergency preparedness and
razmere.15 response.15
4.5 Preverjanje in korektivni ukrepi.16 4.5 Checking and corrective actions.16
4.5.1 Nadzarovalno spremljanje in 4.5.1 Monitoring and measurement.16
merjenje.16
4.5.2 Neskladnosti ter korektivni in 4.5.2 Nonconformance and corrective
preventivni ukrepi.16 and preventive action.16
4.5.3 Zapisi.17 4.5.3 Records.17
4.5.4 Presoja sistema ravnanja z 4.5.4 Environmental management system
okoljem.17 audit.17
4.6 Vodstveni pregled.18 4.6. Management review.18
III
SIST EN ISO 14001 : 1997
Dodatki Annexes
A Navodila za uporabo A Guidance on the use of the
specifikacije.19 specification.19
B Povezave med ISO 14001 in B Links between ISO
ISO 9001.30 14001 and ISO 9001.30
C Literatura.35 C Bibliography.35
IV
EVROPSKI STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN ISO 14001
EUROPÄISCHE NORM September 1996
NORME EUROPÉENNE
ICS 13.020
Deskriptorji:okolje, varovanje okolja, ravnanje z okoljem, specifikacije, uporaba, splo{ne
zahteve
Slovenska izdaja
Sistemi ravnanja z okoljem
Raz~lenitev z navodili za uporabo
(ISO 14001:1996)
Environmental Systémes de management Umweltmanagement-
management systems - environnemental - systeme - Spezifikation mit
Specification with Spécifications et lignes Anleitung zur Anwendung
guidance for use directrices pour son (ISO 14001:1996)
(ISO 14001:1996) utilisation
(ISO 14001:1996)
Ta evropski standard je sprejel CEN dne 1996-08-21. ^lanice CEN morajo izpolnjevati dolo~ila
poslovnika CEN/CENELEC, s katerim je predpisano, da mora biti ta standard brez
kakr{nihkoli sprememb sprejet kot nacionalni standard.
Seznami najnovej{ih izdaj teh nacionalnih standardov in njihovi bibliografski podatki so na
voljo pri osrednjem tajni{tvu ali ~lanicah CEN.
Evropski standardi obstajajo v treh izvirnih izdajah (nem{ki, angle{ki in francoski). Izdaje v
drugih jezikih, ki jih ~lanice CEN na lastno odgovornost prevedejo in izdajo ter prijavijo pri
osrednjem tajni{tvu CEN, veljajo kot uradne izdaje.
^lanice CEN so nacionalne ustanove za standardizacijo Avstrije, Belgije, Danske, Finske,
Francije, Gr~ije, Irske, Islandije, Italije, Luksemburga, Nem~ije, Nizozemske, Norve{ke,
Portugalske, [panije, [vedske, [vice in Zdru`enega kraljestva.
CEN
Evropski komite za standardizacijo
European Committee for Standardisation
Europäisches Komitee für Normung
Comité Européen de Normalisation
Osrednje tajni{tvo: Rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Bruselj
© 1996 Lastnice avtorskih pravic so vse dr`ave ~lanice CEN     Ref. {t. EN ISO 14001:1996 E

SIST EN ISO 14001 : 1997
Predgovor Foreword
ISO (Mednarodna organizacija za ISO (the International Organization for
standardizacijo) je svetovna zveza nacionalnih Standardization) is a worldwide federation
organov za standarde (~lanic ISO). Priprava of national standards bodies (ISO member
mednarodnih standardov ponavadi poteka v bodies). The work of preparing International
tehni~nih odborih ISO. Vsaka ~lanica, ki `eli Standards is normally carried out through
delovati na dolo~enem podro~ju, za katero je ISO technical committees. Each member
ustanovljen tehni~ni odbor, ima pravico biti body interested in a subject for which a
zastopana v tem odboru. Pri delu sodelujejo technical committee has been established
tudi vladne in nevladne mednarodne has the right to be represented on that
organizacije, povezane z ISO. Pri vseh committee. International organizations,
zadevah, ki so povezane s standardizacijo na governmental and non-governmental, in
podro~ju elektrotehnike, ISO tesno sodeluje z liaison with ISO, also take part in the
Mednarodno elektrotehni{ko komisijo (IEC). work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission
(IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical
standardization.
Osnutki mednarodnih standardov, ki jih Draft International Standards adopted by
sprejemajo tehni~ni odbori, se po{iljajo vsem the technical committees are circulated to
~lanicam v glasovanje. Za izdajo the member bodies for voting. Publication
mednarodnega standarda je potrebno as an International Standard requires
pridobiti soglasje najmanj 75 odstotkov approval by at least 75% of the member
~lanic, ki se udele`ijo glasovanja. bodies casting a vote.
Mednarodni standard ISO 14001 je pripravil International Standard ISO 14001 was
tehni~ni odbor ISO/TC 207 Ravnanje z prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC
okoljem, pododbor SC 1 Sistemi ravnanja z 207, Environmental management,
okoljem. Subcommittee SC1, Environmental
management systems.
Dodatki A, B in C tega standarda so le Annexes A, B and C of this International
informativni. Standard are for information only.
SIST EN ISO 14001 : 1997
Uvod Introduction
Organizacije vseh vrst si ~edalje bolj Organizations of all kinds are increasingly
prizadevajo dose~i in izkazovati ustrezen concerned to achieve and demonstrate
odnos do okolja, tako da obvladujejo vplive sound environmental performance by
svojih dejavnosti, proizvodov ali storitev na controlling the impact of their activities,
okolje, pri ~emer upo{tevajo svojo politiko products or services on the environment,
do okolja in okoljske cilje. To po~nejo v taking into account their environmental
skladu s ~edalje ostrej{o zakonodajo, policy and objectives. They do so in the
razvojem gospodarske politike in drugimi context of increasingly stringent legislation,
ukrepi, ki spodbujajo varstvo okolja, pa tudi the development of economic policies and
zaradi ~edalje ve~jega zanimanja in other measures to foster environmental
zaskrbljenosti zainteresiranih strank za protection, and a general growth of
probleme okolja in trajnostnega razvoja. concern from interested parties about
environmental matters including sustainable
development.
Veliko organizacij je `e izvedlo okoljske Many organizations have undertaken
"preglede" ali "presoje", s katerimi so ocenile environmental “reviews” or “audits” to
svoj na~in ravnanja z okoljem. Ti "pregledi" assess their environmental performance. On
ali "presoje" sami po sebi ne dajejo their own, however, these “reviews” and
zadostnega zagotovila, da na~in organizacije “audits” may not be sufficient to provide
ne le izpolnjuje zahteve, ki izhajajo iz an organization with the assurance that its
zakonodaje in njene politike, temve~ da bo performance not only meets, but will
organizacija te zahteve tudi nenehno continue to meet, its legal and policy
izpolnjevala. Presoje oziroma pregledi so requirements. To be effective they need to
lahko u~inkoviti le, ~e jih organizacija be conducted within a structured
opravlja v sklopu strukturiranega sistema management system and integrated with
vodenja in so vklju~eni v vse dejavnosti overall management activity.
vodenja.
Mednarodni standardi za ravnanje z okoljem International Standards covering
naj bi organizacijam priskrbeli elemente environmental management are intended to
u~inkovitega sistema ravnanja z okoljem, ki provide organizations with the elements of
jih je mogo~e povezati z drugimi zahtevami an effective environmental management
vodenja, tako da organizacijam pomagajo system which can be integrated with other
dose~i tako okoljske kot tudi gospodarske management requirements, to assist
cilje. Namen teh standardov tako kot tudi organizations to achieve environmental and
drugih mednarodnih standardov ni ustvarjati economic goals. These Standards, like
netarifne trgovinske ovire ali pove~ati ali other International Standards, are not
spreminjati zakonske obveznosti organizacije. intended to be used to create non-tariff
trade barriers or to increase or change an
organization’s legal obligations.
Ta mednarodni standard podrobno dolo~a This International Standard specifies the
zahteve takega sistema ravnanja z okoljem. requirements of such an environmental
Pripravljen je bil tako, da ga je mogo~e management system. It has been written to
uporabiti v organizacijah vseh vrst in velikosti be applicable to all types and sizes of
ter prilagoditi razli~nim zemljepisnim, organizations and to accommodate diverse
kulturnim in dru`benim razmeram. Zasnova geographical, cultural and social conditions.
pristopa je prikazana na sliki 1. Uspeh The basis of the approach is shown in
sistema je odvisen od zavezanosti na vseh figure 1. The success of the system
ravneh in funkcijah, {e posebej najvi{jega depends on commitment from all levels
SIST EN ISO 14001 : 1997
vodstva. Sistem te vrste omogo~a and functions, especially from top
organizaciji, da vzpostavi in presodi management. A system of this kind
postopke, s katerimi dolo~i politiko do okolja enables an organization to establish, and
in okvirne cilje, dosega njihovo izpolnjevanje assess the effectiveness of, procedures to
ter to prika`e tudi drugim. Skupni cilj tega set an environmental policy and objectives,
mednarodnega standarda je podpreti achieve conformance with them, and
varovanje okolja in prepre~evanje demonstrate such conformance to others.
onesna`evanja v ravnovesju z dru`beno- The overall aim of this International
gospodarskimi potrebami. Treba je poudariti, Standard is to support environmental
da je mogo~e obdelovati ve~ zahtev protection and prevention of pollution in
vzporedno ali pa jih kadarkoli ponovno balance with socio-economic needs. It
obravnavati. should be noted that many of the
requirements may be addressed
concurrently or revisited at any time.
Obstaja pomembna razlika med to There is an important distinction between
raz~lenitvijo, ki opisuje zahteve za this specification which describes the
certifikacijo/registracijo oziroma za izdajo requirements for certification/registration
lastne izjave o sistemu ravnanja z okoljem v and/or self-declaration of an organization’s
organizaciji, in vodilom, po katerem environmental management system and a
certifikacija ni mogo~a in ki naj zagotavlja non-certifiable guideline intended to provide
organizaciji splo{no pomo~ pri uvajanju ali generic assistance to an organization for
izbolj{evanju sistema ravnanja z okoljem. implementing or improving an
Ravnanje z okoljem zajema celo vrsto environmental management system.
vpra{anj, ki vklju~ujejo tudi strate{ke in Environmental management encompasses a
konkuren~ne u~inke. Dokaz uspe{nega full range of issues including those with
uvajanja tega mednarodnega standarda lahko strategic and competitive implications.
organizacija uporabi kot zagotovilo Demonstration of successful implementation
zainteresiranim strankam, da ima vzpostavljen of this International Standard can be used
primeren sistem ravnanja z okoljem. by an organization to assure interested
parties that an appropriate environmental
management system is in place.
SIST EN ISO 14001 : 1997
Slika 1: Model sistema ravnanja z okoljem v tem mednarodnem standardu
Figure 1 - Environmental management system model for this International Standard
Navodila o podpornih tehnikah ravnanja z Guidance on supporting environmental
okoljem bodo vklju~evali drugi mednarodni management techniques will be contained
standardi. in other International Standards.
Ta mednarodni standard vsebuje samo tiste This International Standard contains only
zahteve, ki jih je mogo~e objektivno presojati those requirements that may be objectively
za pridobitev certifikacije/registracije oziroma audited for certification/registration purposes
izdajo lastne izjave o izpolnjevanju zahtev and/or self-declaration purposes. Those
standarda. Organizacije, ki potrebujejo organizations requiring more general
splo{nej{o pomo~ pri vpra{anjih sistema guidance on a broad range of
ravnanja z okoljem, naj uporabijo standard environmental management system issues
ISO 14004:1996, Sistemi ravnanja z okoljem should refer to ISO 14004:1996,
- Splo{ne smernice za na~ela, sisteme in Environmental management systems -
dodatne podporne tehnike. General guidelines on principles, systems
and supporting techniques.
Poudariti je treba, da ta mednarodni It should be noted that this International
standard ne postavlja absolutnih zahtev za Standard does not establish absolute
na~in ravnanja z okoljem, ki bi presegale requirements for environmental performance
zahteve po zavezanosti za izpolnjevanje beyond commitment, in the policy, to
zahtev zakonodaje in predpisov ter nenehno compliance with applicable legislation and
izbolj{evanje, izra`enih v okoljski politiki. To regulations and to continual improvement.
pomeni, da sta lahko organizaciji s podobno Thus, two organizations carrying out similar
dejavnostjo, toda razli~nim na~inom ravnanja activities but having different environmental
z okoljem usklajeni z zahtevami standarda. performance may both comply with its
requirements.
SIST EN ISO 14001 : 1997
Prevzem in izvajanje ve~ vrst tehnik ravnanja The adoption and implementation of a range
z okoljem na sistemati~en na~in lahko of environmental management techniques in
pripomoreta k najugodnej{emu izidu za vse a systematic manner can contribute to
zainteresirane stranke. Vendar pa prevzem optimal outcomes for all interested parties.
tega mednarodnega standarda sam po sebi However, adoption of this International
ne zagotavlja najugodnej{ega izida za okolje. Standard will not in itself guarantee optimal
Da bi dosegli okoljske cilje, mora sistem environmental outcomes. In order to achieve
ravnanja z okoljem spodbujati organizacije, environmental objectives, the environmental
da pretehtajo uvedbo najbolj{ih tehnologij, ki management system should encourage
so na voljo, ~e je to primerno in organizations to consider implementation of
gospodarno. Dodatno je treba popolnoma the best available technology, where
upo{tevati stro{kovno u~inkovitost take appropriate and where economically viable.
tehnologije. In addition, the cost effectiveness of such
technology should be fully taken into
account.
Ta mednarodni standard ne navaja ali ne This International Standard is not intended to
vsebuje zahtev za urejanje varnosti in zdravja address, and does not include requirements
pri delu, vendar organizacije tudi ne odvra~a for, aspects of occupational health and
od namenov, da bi te elemente vklju~ila v safety management; however, it does not
svoj sistem vodenja. Kljub temu pa se bo seek to discourage an organization from
proces certifikacije/registracije nana{al samo developing integration of such management
na vidike sistema ravnanja z okoljem. system elements. Nevertheless, the
certification/registration process will only be
applicable to aspects of the environmental
management system.
Ta mednarodni standard temelji na istih This International Standard shares common
na~elih vodenja kot dru`ina standardov management system principles with the ISO
ISO 9000, ki obravnavajo sisteme kakovosti. 9000 series of quality system Standards.
Organizacije se lahko odlo~ijo, da bodo kot Organizations may elect to use an existing
podlago za postavitev sistema ravnanja z management system consistent with the ISO
okoljem uporabile obstoje~i sistem vodenja, 9000 series as a basis for its environmental
ki ustreza zahtevam zadevnega standarda iz management system. It should be
skupine ISO 9000. Treba pa je razumeti, da understood, however, that the application of
se lahko razni elementi sistema vodenja various elements of the management system
zaradi razli~nih namenov in razli~nih may differ due to different purposes and
zainteresiranih strank razli~no uporabljajo. different interested parties. While quality
Medtem ko se sistemi vodenja kakovosti management systems deal with customer
ukvarjajo z odjemal~evimi zahtevami, needs, environmental management systems
pokrivajo sistemi ravnanja z okoljem potrebe address the needs of a broad range of
{irokega spektra zainteresiranih strank in interested parties and the evolving needs of
razvijajo~e potrebe dru`be po varstvu okolja. society for environmental protection.
Zahtev sistema ravnanja z okoljem, ki so The environmental management system
opredeljene v tem mednarodnem standardu, requirements specified in this International
ni treba vzpostaviti neodvisno od obstoje~ih Standard do not need to be established
elementov sistema vodenja. V nekaterih independently of existing management system
primerih bo mogo~e izpolniti zahteve s elements. In some cases, it will be possible
prilagoditvijo obstoje~ih elementov sistema to comply with the requirements by adapting
vodenja. existing management system elements.
SIST EN ISO 14001 : 1997
Sistemi ravnanja z okoljem - Environmental management
Raz~lenitev z navodili za systems - Specification with
uporabo guidance for use
1 Predmet 1 Scope
Ta mednarodni standard dolo~a zahteve za This International Standard specifies
sistem ravnanja z okoljem, ki omogo~a requirements for an environmental
organizaciji, da opredeli politiko in cilje, s management system, to enable an
tem da upo{teva zakonske zahteve in organization to formulate a policy and
informacije o pomembnih vplivih na okolje. objectives taking into account legislative
Nana{a se na tiste okoljske vidike, ki jih requirements and information about
organizacija lahko obvladuje in na katere significant environmental impacts. It applies
lahko vpliva. Sam po sebi pa ta standard ne to those environmental aspects which the
postavlja meril za na~in ravnanja z okoljem. organization can control and over which it
can be expected to have an influence. It
does not itself state specific environmental
performance criteria.
Ta mednarodni standard je uporaben v vsaki This International Standard is applicable to
organizaciji, ki `eli any organization that wishes to
a) izvajati, vzdr`evati in izbolj{evati sistem a) implement, maintain and improve an
ravnanja z okoljem environmental management system
b) dokazati sama sebi, da njeno ravnanje b) assure itself of its conformance with its
ustreza okoljski politiki, za katero se je stated environmental policy
opredelila
c) prikazati tako ustreznost drugim c) demonstrate such conformance to
others
d) pridobiti certifikacijo/registracijo za svoj d) seek certification/registration of its
sistem ravnanja z okoljem pri zunanji environmental management system by
organizaciji an external organization
e) sprejeti lastno odlo~itev in izdati lastno e) make a self-determination and self-
izjavo, da je njen sistem ravnanja z declaration of conformance with this
okoljem v skladu s tem mednarodnim International Standard
standardom
Vse zahteve standarda naj bi bilo mogo~e All the requirements in this International
vklju~iti v katerikoli sistem ravnanja z Standard are intended to be incorporated
okoljem. Obseg uporabe je odvisen od takih into any environmental management system.
dejavnikov, kot so okoljska politika The extent of the application will depend on
organizacije, narava dejavnosti organizacije in such factors as the environmental policy of
razmere, v katerih deluje. Ta mednarodni the organization, the nature of its activities
standard daje informativno tudi navodila za and the conditions in which it operates. This
uporabo v dodatku A. International Standard also provides, in annex
A, informative guidance on the use of the
specification.
SIST EN ISO 14001 : 1997
Predmet vsake uporabe ISO 14001 mora biti The scope of any application of this
jasno dolo~en. International Standard must be clearly
identified.
Opomba: Zaradi la`je uporabe so osnovne to~ke NOTE: For ease of use, the subclause of the
specifikacije in dodatka A sorodno specification and annex A have related
o{tevil~ene; tako na primer 4.3.3 in A.3.3
numbers; thus, for example, 4.3.3 and
obravnavata okvirne in izvedbene okoljske A.3.3 both deal with environmental
cilje, 4.5.4 in A.5.4 pa presojo sistema objectives and targets, and 4.5.4 and
ravnanja z okoljem. A.5.4 both deal with environmental
management system audit.
2 Zveza z drugimi standardi 2 Normative references
Standard se ne navezuje na noben drug There are no normative references at
standard. present.
3 Definicije 3 Definitions
Za namen tega standarda se uporabljajo For the purposes of this International
naslednje definicije. Standard, the following definitions apply.
3.1 Nenehno izbolj{evanje 3.1 continual improvement
Proces stopnjevanja sistema ravnanja z process of enhancing the environmental
okoljem, tako da se celoten u~inek ravnanja management system to achieve
z okoljem izbolj{uje v skladu s politiko improvements in overall environmental
organizacije do okolja. performance in line with the organization’s
environmental policy
Opomba: Ni treba, da proces poteka na vseh NOTE: The process need not take place in all
podro~jih dejavnosti hkrati. areas of activity simultaneously.
3.2 Okolje 3.2 environment
Okolica, v kateri organizacija deluje, ki surroundings in which an organization
zajema zrak, vodo, tla, naravne vire, operates, including air, water, land, natural
rastlinstvo, `ivalstvo, ~loveka in njihove resources, flora, fauna, humans, and their
medsebojne odnose. interrelation
Opomba: Okolica se v tej zvezi razteza od NOTE: Surroundings in this context extend from
notranjosti organizacije do globalnega within an organization to the global
sistema. system.
3.3 Okoljski vidik 3.3 environmental aspect
Element dejavnosti, proizvodov ali storitev element of an organization’s activities,
organizacije, ki lahko sou~inkuje z okoljem. products or services that can interact with
the environment
Opomba: Pomemben okoljski vidik je okoljski vidik, NOTE: A significant environmental aspect is an
ki ima ali lahko ima pomemben vpliv na environmental aspect that has or can
okolje. have a significant environmental impact.
3.4 Vpliv na okolje 3.4 environmental impact
Vsako spreminjanje okolja, bodisi neugodno any change to the environment, whether
ali ugodno, ki v celoti ali delno izvira iz adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially
SIST EN ISO 14001 : 1997
dejavnosti, proizvodov ali storitev organizacije. resulting from an organization’s activities,
products or services
3.5 Sistem ravnanja z okoljem 3.5 environmental management system
Tisti del celotnega sistema vodenja, ki the part of the overall management system
vklju~uje organizacijsko strukturo, planiranje, that includes organizational structure,
dejavnosti, delovne tehnike, postopke, planning activities, responsibilities, practices,
procese in sredstva za razvoj, izvajanje, procedures, processes and resources for
doseganje, pregledovanje in vzdr`evanje developing, implementing, achieving,
okoljske politike. reviewing and maintaining the environmental
policy
3.6 Presoja sistema ravnanja z okoljem 3.6 environmental management system
audit
Sistemati~en in dokumentiran verifikacijski a systematic and documented verification
proces, s katerim se nepristransko pridobijo process of objectively obtaining and
in ovrednotijo dokazi za ugotavljanje, ali evaluating evidence to determine whether an
sistem ravnanja z okoljem ustreza organization’s environmental management
presojevalnim merilom, ki jih je postavila system conforms to the environmental
organizacija, ter obve{~anje vodstva o management system audit criteria set by the
rezultatih tega procesa. organization, and for communication of the
results of this process to management
3.7 Okvirni okoljski cilj 3.7 environmental objective
Celovit okoljski cilj, ki si ga zastavi overall environmental goal, arising from the
organizacija na podlagi okoljske politike in environmental policy, that an organization
se izrazi v kvantitativnih vrednostih, kadar je sets itself to achieve, and which is quantified
to izvedljivo. where practicable
3.8 U~inek ravnanja z okoljem 3.8 environmental performance
Merljivi rezultati sistema ravnanja z okoljem, measurable results of the environmental
povezani z obvladovanjem okoljskih vidikov, management system, related to an
ki temeljijo na okoljski politiki ter okvirnih in organization’s control of its environmental
izvedbenih okoljskih ciljih organizacije. aspects, based on its environmental policy,
objectives and targets
3.9 Okoljska politika 3.9 environmental policy
Izjava organizacije o njenih namerah in statement by the organization of its
na~elih glede celotnega u~inka ravnanja z intentions and principles in relation to its
okoljem in je okvir za delovanje in postavitev overall environmental performance which
okvirnih in izvedbenih okoljskih ciljev. provides a framework for action and for the
setting of its environmental objectives and
targets
3.10 Izvedbeni okoljski cilj 3.10 environmental target
Podrobna zahteva v zvezi z u~inki, detailed performance requirement, quantified
kvantificirana, kadar je to izvedljivo, ki jo je where practicable, applicable to the
mogo~e navezati na celotno organizacijo ali organization or parts thereof, that arises from
njen del in izhaja iz okvirnih okoljskih ciljev, the environmental objectives and that needs
SIST EN ISO 14001 : 1997
ki jih organizacija mora postaviti in izpolniti, to be set and met in order to achieve those
~e `eli dose~i te okvirne okoljske cilje. objectives
3.11 Zainteresirana stranka 3.11 interested party
Posameznik ali skupina, ki se ukvarja z individual or group concerned with or
u~inkom ravnanja z okoljem organizacije ali affected by the environmental performance of
je zaradi tega u~inka ravnanja z okoljem an organization
prizadet.
3.12 Organizacija 3.12 organization
Dru`ba, korporacija, firma, podjetje, oblastni company, corporation, firm, enterprise,
organ ali ustanova ali njen/njegov del ali authority or institution, or part or combination
njihova kombinacija, ki je lahko povezana ali thereof, whether incorporated or not, public
ne, javna ali zasebna, ki ima svoje lastne or private, that has its own functions and
naloge in administracijo. administration
Opomba: Pri organizacijah, ki imajo ve~ kot eno NOTE: For organizations with more than one
delovno enoto, se lahko tudi posamezna operating unit, a single operating unit
delovna enota {teje za organizacijo. may be defined as an organization.
3.13 Prepre~evanje onesna`evanja 3.13 prevention of pollution
Uporaba procesov, tehnik dela, materiala ali use of processes, practices, materials or
proizvodov, s katerimi se je mo~ izogniti products that avoid, reduce or control
onesna`enju ali ga zmanj{ati ali obvladovati pollution, which may include recycling,
in lahko zajema recikla`o, obdelavo, treatment, process changes, control
spremembe procesov, mehanizme mechanisms, efficient use of resources and
obvladovanja, u~inkovito izrabo virov in material substitution
zamenjavo materiala.
Opomba: Mo`ne koristi prepre~evanja onesna`evanja NOTE: The potential benefits of prevention of
so zmanj{anje {kodljivih vplivov na okolje, pollution include the reduction of adverse
izbolj{anje u~inkovitosti in zmanj{anje environmental impacts, improved efficiency
stro{kov. and reduced costs.
4 Zahteve za sistem ravnanja z 4 Environmental management
okoljem system requirements
4.1 Splo{no 4.1 General requirements
Organizacija mora vzpostaviti in vzdr`evati The organization shall establish and maintain
sistem ravnanja z okoljem, katerega zahteve an environmental management system, the
so opisane v 4. to~ki in vseh njenih requirements of which are described in the
podto~kah. whole of clause 4.
4.2 Okoljska politika 4.2 Environmental policy
Najvi{je vodstvo organizacije mora dolo~iti Top management shall define the
njeno okoljsko politiko in zagotoviti, da: organization’s environmental policy and
ensure that it
a) ustreza naravi, obsegu in vplivom a) is appropriate to the nature, scale and
njenih dejavnosti, proizvodov ali storitev environmental impacts of its activities,
na okolje products or services;
SIST EN ISO 14001 : 1997
b) vklju~uje zavezanost za nenehno b) includes a commitment to continual
izbolj{evanje in prepre~evanje improvement and prevention of
onesna`evanja pollution;
c) vklju~uje zavezanost za izpolnjevanje c) includes a commitment to comply with
zahtev veljavne zakonodaje in relevant environmental legislation and
predpisov ter drugih zahtev, na katere regulations, and with other
je organizacija pristala requirements to which the organization
subscribes;
d) daje okvir za postavitev in pregled d) provides the framework for setting and
okvirnih in izvedbenih okoljskih ciljev reviewing environmental objectives and
targets;
e) je dokumentirana, se izvaja in vzdr`uje e) is documented, implemented and
ter jo poznajo vsi zaposleni maintained and communicated to all
employees;
f) je na voljo javnosti f) is available to the public.
4.3 Planiranje 4.3 Planning
4.3.1 Okoljski vidiki 4.3.1 Environmental aspects
Organizacija mora vzpostaviti in vzdr`evati The organization shall establish and maintain
postopek (postopke) za prepoznavanje tistih (a) procedure(s) to identify the environmental
okoljskih vidikov svojih dejavnosti, proizvodov aspects of its activities, products or services
ali storitev, ki jih lahko obvladuje in za that it can control and over which it can be
katere je pri~akovati, da lahko nanje vpliva, expected to have an influence, in order to
da ugotovi tiste, ki pomembno vplivajo ali determine those which have or can have
lahko pomembno vplivajo na okolje. significant impacts on the environment. The
Organizacija mora zagotoviti, da so vidiki, organization shall ensure that the aspects
povezani s temi pomembnimi vplivi, related to these significant impacts are
upo{tevani pri dolo~anju njenih okvirnih considered in setting its environmental
okoljskih ciljev. objectives.
Organizacija mora te informacije redno The organization shall keep this information
obnavljati. up-to-date.
4.3.2 Zakonske in druge zahteve 4.3.2 Legal and other requirements
Organizacija mora vzpostaviti in vzdr`evati The organization shall establish and maintain
postopek za prepoznavanje in dostop do a procedure to identify and have access to
tistih zakonskih in drugih zahtev, na katere legal and other requirements to which the
je organizacija pristala in ki se neposredno organization subscribes, that are applicable
nana{ajo na okoljske vidike njenih dejavnosti, to the environmental aspects of its activities,
proizvodov ali storitev. products or services.
4.3.3 Okvirni in izvedbeni cilji 4.3.3 Objectives and targets
Organizacija mora vzpostaviti in vzdr`evati The organization shall establish and maintain
dokumentirane okvirne in izvedbene okoljske documented environmental objectives and
cilje za vsako ustrezno funkcijo in na vseh targets, at each relevant function and level
ravneh znotraj organizacije. within the organization.
SIST EN ISO 14001 : 1997
Ko vzpostavlja in pregleduje svoje okvirne When establishing and reviewing its
cilje, mora organizacija upo{tevati zakonske objectives, an organization shall consider the
in druge zahteve, svoje pomembne okoljske legal and other requirements, its significant
vidike, svoje tehnolo{ke mo`nosti, finan~ne, environmental aspects, its technological
izvedbene in poslovne zahteve ter stali{~a options and its financial, operational and
zainteresiranih strank. business requirements, and the views of
interested parties.
Okvirni in izvedbeni cilji morajo biti usklajeni The objectives and targets shall be
z okoljsko politiko, vklju~no z zavezanostjo k consistent with the environmental policy,
prepre~evanju onesna`evanja. including the commitment to prevention of
pollution.
4.3.4 Program(i) ravnanja z okoljem 4.3.4 Environmental management
programme(s)
Organizacija mora vzpostaviti in vzdr`evati The organization shall establish and maintain
program(e) za doseganje zastavljenih okvirnih (a) programme(s) for achieving its objectives
in izvedbenih ciljev. Ti morajo vklju~evati: and targets. It shall include
a) dolo~itev odgovornosti za doseganje a) designation of responsibility for
okvirnih in izvedbenih ciljev za vsako achieving objectives and targets at
ustrezno funkcijo in na vseh ravneh each relevant function and level of the
organizacije organization;
b) sredstva in ~asovne okvire, v katerih je b) the means and time-frame by which
treba dose~i zastavljene cilje. they are to be achieved.
^e se projekt nana{a na nov razvoj in nove If a project relates to new developments and
ali spremenjene dejavnosti, proizvode ali new or modified activities, products or
storitve, mora organizacija program(e) services, programme(s) shall be amended
primerno dopolniti, da zagotovi uporabo where relevant to ensure that environmental
ravnanja z okoljem tudi pri teh projektih. management applies to such projects.
4.4 Uvajanje in delovanje 4.4 Implementation and operation
4.4.1 Struktura in odgovornost 4.4.1 Structure and responsibility
Vloge, odgovornosti in pooblastila morajo biti Roles, responsibility and authorities shall be
dolo~eni, dokumentirani in poslani naprej, da defined, documented and communicated in
se omogo~i u~inkovito ravnanje z okoljem. order to facilitate effective environmental
management.
Vodstvo mora zagotoviti sredstva, nujna za Management shall provide resources essential
izvajanje in obvladovanje sistema ravnanja z to the implementation and control of the
okoljem. Kot sredstva so mi{ljene kadrovske environmental management system.
potrebe in posebna znanja, tehnologije ter Resources include human resources and
finan~na sredstva. specialized skills, technology and financial
resources.
Najvi{je vodstvo organizacije mora imenovati The organization’s top management shall
posebne(ga) predstavnike(a) vodstva, ki appoint (a) specific management
morajo (mora) imeti ne glede na druge representative(s) who, irrespective of other
odgovornosti dolo~eno vlogo, odgovornosti in responsibilities, shall have defined roles,
pooblastila za: responsibilities and authority for
SIST EN ISO 14001 : 1997
a) zagotavljanje, da so zahteve za sistem a) ensuring that environmental
ravnanja z okoljem vzpostavljene, se management system requirements are
izvajajo in vzdr`ujejo v skladu s tem established, implemented and
mednarodnim standardom maintained in accordance with this
International Standard;
b) poro~anje o delovanju sistema ravnanja b) reporting on the performance of the
z okoljem najvi{jemu vodstvu za environmental management system to
pregled in kot podlago za izbolj{anje top management for review and as a
sistema ravnanja z okoljem basis for improvement of the
environmental management system.
4.4.2 Usposabljanje, zavedanje in 4.4.2 Training, awareness and competence
usposobljenost
Organizacija mora ugotoviti potrebe po The organization shall identify training needs.
usposabljanju. Zahtevati mora, da je vse It shall require that all personnel whose work
osebje, katerega delo lahko pomembno may create a significant impact upon the
vpliva na okolje, primerno usposobljeno. environment, have received appropriate
training.
Organizacija mora vzpostaviti in vzdr`evati It shall establish and maintain procedures to
postopke, ki omogo~ajo, da se njeni make its employees or members at each
zaposleni ali ~lani za vsako ustrezno funkcijo relevant function and level aware of
in na vseh ravneh zavedajo:
a) pomena skladnosti z okoljsko politiko a) the importance of conformace with the
in postopki ter pomena izpolnjevanja environmental policy and procedures
zahtev sistema ravnanja z okoljem and with the requirements of the
environmental management system;
b) pomembnih vplivov na okolje, dejanskih b) the significant environmental impacts,
ali mo`nih, njihovega delovanja in actual or potential, of their work
kak{ne so okoljske prednosti, ~e activities and the environmental benefits
izbolj{ajo lastno ravnanje of improved personal performance;
c) svojih vlog in odgovornosti za ravnanje c) their roles and responsibilities in
v skladu z okoljsko politiko in postopki achieving conformance with the
ter zahtevami sistema ravnanja z environmental policy and procedures
okoljem, vklju~ujo~ pripravljenost in and with the requirements of the
odziv na izredne razmere environmental management system,
including emergency preparedness and
response requirements;
d) morebitnih posledic v primeru d) the potential consequences of
odstopanja od opredeljenih postopkov departure from specified operating
delovanja procedures.
Osebje, ki opravlja naloge, ki lahko Personnel performing the tasks which can
pomembno vplivajo na okolje, mora biti cause significant environmental impacts shall
usposobljeno na podlagi primerne izobrazbe, be competent on the basis of appropriate
usposabljanja oziroma izku{enj. education, training and/or experience.
SIST EN ISO 14001 : 1997
4.4.3 Komuniciranje 4.4.3 Communication
Glede na okoljske vidike in sistem ravnanja With regard to its environmental aspects and
z okoljem mora organizacija vzpostaviti in environmental management system, the
vzdr`evati postopke za: organizaiton shall establish and maintain
procedures for
a) notranje komuniciranje med razli~nimi a) internal communication between the
ravnmi in funkcijami organizacije various levels and functions of the
organization;
b) sprejemanje, dokumentiranje in b) receiving, documenting and responding
odgovarjanje v postopku komuniciranja to relevant communication from
z zunanjimi zainteresiranimi strankami external interested parties.
Organizacija mora razmisliti o na~inih The organization shall consider processes for
posredovanja informacij navzven glede njenih external communication on its significant
pomembnih okoljskih vidikov in svojo environmental aspects and record its
odlo~itev zapisati. decision.
4.4.4 Dokumentacija sistema ravnanja z 4.4.4 Environmental management system
okoljem documentation
Organizacija mora vzpostaviti in vzdr`evati v The organization shall establish and maintain
tiskani ali v elektronski obliki: information, in paper or electronic form, to
a) opis klju~nih elementov sistema a) describe the core elements of the
ravnanja z okoljem in njihove management system and their
medsebojne povezave interaction;
b) podatke, ki se nana{ajo na odvisno b) provide direction to related
dokumentacijo documentation.
4.4.5 Obvladovanje dokumentov 4.4.5 Document control
Organizacija mora vzpostaviti in vzdr`evati The organization shall establish and maintain
postopke za obvladovanje vseh dokumentov, procedures for controlling all documents
ki jih zahteva ta mednarodni standard, da required by this International Standard to
zagotovi, ensure that
a) da je mogo~e ugotoviti, kje so a) they can be located;
dokumenti
b) da poobla{~eno osebje dokumente b) they are periodically reviewed, revised
periodi~no pregleduje in po potrebi as necessary and approved for
popravi in potrdi njihovo primernost adequacy by authorized personnel;
c) da so teko~e izdaje ustreznih c) the current versions of relevant
dokumentov na voljo povsod, kjer documents are available at all locations
potekajo dejavnosti, bistvene za where operations essential
...