EN 378-1:2008+A2:2012
(Main)Refrigerating systems and heat pumps - Safety and environmental requirements - Part 1: Basic requirements, definitions, classification and selection criteria
Refrigerating systems and heat pumps - Safety and environmental requirements - Part 1: Basic requirements, definitions, classification and selection criteria
This European Standard specifies the requirements relating to safety of persons and property (but not goods in storage) and the local and global environment for:
a) stationary and mobile refrigerating systems of all sizes, including heat pumps;
b) secondary cooling or heating systems;
c) location of these refrigerating systems.
NOTE 1 For secondary heating or cooling systems charged with any refrigerants listed in Annex E the charge
limitations of part 1 (Annex C) apply.
For refrigerating systems with a limited mass of refrigerant only some of the parts and clauses are
applicable. The exceptions are defined in the scope and the clauses of each part of EN 378.
This European Standard is not applicable to refrigerating systems with air or water as refrigerant.
Systems using refrigerants other than those listed in Annex E are not covered by this European Standard as long as a safety class is not assigned.
NOTE 2 For the safety classification of refrigerant fluids not included in Annex E, see Annex F.
This European Standard covers the hazards mentioned in the introduction.
This European Standard is applicable to new refrigerating systems and modification of existing refrigerating systems in case the type of refrigerant changed or pressure vessels are replaced. The part dealing with main-tenance, repair, operation, recovery, reuse and disposal also applies to existing systems. Parties
responsible for existing refrigerating systems should consider the safety and environmental aspects of this European Standard and implement the more stringent requirements so far as they are reasonably practicable.
Directive 94/9/EC concerning equipment and protective systems intended for use in potentially explosive
atmospheres can be applicable to the type of machine or equipment covered by this European Standard. The present standard is not intended to provide means of complying with the essential health and safety
requirements of Directive 94/9/EC.
Kälteanlagen und Wärmepumpen - Sicherheitstechnische und umweltrelevante Anforderungen - Teil 1: Grundlegende Anforderungen, Begriffe, Klassifikationen und Auswahlkriterien
Diese Europäische Norm legt die Anforderungen an die Sicherheit von Personen und Sachen (nicht jedoch an eingelagerte Güter) und an die lokale und globale Umwelt fest für:
a) stationäre und ortsveränderliche Kälteanlagen aller Größen, einschließlich Wärmepumpen;
b) indirekte Kühl- oder Heizsysteme;
c) den Aufstellungsort dieser Kälteanlagen.
ANMERKUNG 1 Bei indirekten Kühl- oder Heizsystemen, die mit Kältemitteln nach Anhang E befüllt sind, gelten die Grenzwerte für die Kältemittel-Füllmenge nach diesem Teil 1 (Anhang C).
Für Kälteanlagen mit einer begrenzten Kältemittel Füllmenge sind nur einige Teile und Abschnitte anzuwenden. Die Ausnahmen sind im Anwendungsbereich und in den Abschnitten der einzelnen Teile der EN 378 festgelegt.
Diese Europäische Norm gilt nicht für Kälteanlagen mit Luft oder Wasser als Kältemittel. Kälteanlagen mit
anderen als in Anhang E aufgeführten Kältemitteln sind nicht Gegenstand dieser Europäischen Norm, sofern sie keiner Sicherheitsgruppe zugeordnet sind.
ANMERKUNG 2 Klassifikation von nicht in Anhang E enthaltenen Kältemitteln im Hinblick auf die Sicherheit, siehe
Anhang F.
Diese Europäische Norm befasst sich mit den in der Einleitung aufgeführten Gefährdungen.
Diese Europäische Norm gilt für neue Kälteanlagen sowie für Änderungen an bestehenden Kälteanlagen, wenn die Art des Kältemittels gewechselt oder Druckbehälter ausgetauscht werden. Der Teil, der sich mit Instand¬haltung, Instandsetzung, Betrieb, Rückgewinnung, Wiederverwendung und Entsorgung befasst, gilt außerdem für bereits bestehende Anlagen. Die für bestehende Kälteanlagen Verantwortlichen sollten die sicherheitstech¬nischen und umweltrelevanten Aspekte dieser Europäischen Norm beachten und die weitergehenden Anforderungen erfüllen, soweit dies in vernünftigem Rahmen möglich ist.
Die Richtlinie 94/9/EG für Geräte und Schutzsysteme zur bestimmungsgemäßen Verwendung in explosions-gefährdeten Bereichen kann bei Maschinen oder Bauteilen nach dieser Europäischen Norm zur Anwendung kommen. Die vorliegende Norm ist nicht als Mittel zum Nachweis der Übereinstimmung mit den grund-legenden Gesundheits- und Sicherheitsanforderungen der Richtlinie 94/9/EG vorgesehen.
Systèmes de réfrigération et pompes à chaleur - Exigences de sécurité et d'environnement - Partie 1: Exigences de base, définitions, classification et critères de choix
La présente Norme européenne spécifie les exigences relatives à la sécurité des personnes et des biens (mais pas
des marchandises en stock) et de l’environnement local et de l’environnement en général pour :
a) les systèmes de réfrigération mobiles et fixes de toutes tailles, incluant les pompes à chaleur ;
b) les systèmes de refroidissement ou de chauffage secondaires ;
c) les emplacements de ces systèmes de réfrigération.
NOTE 1 Pour les systèmes de refroidissement ou de chauffage secondaires chargés en fluide frigorigène listé en Annexe E,
les limitations de charge de la partie 1 (Annexe C) s’appliquent.
Pour les systèmes de réfrigération de masse limitée de fluide frigorigène, seuls quelques parties et articles
s’appliquent. Les exceptions sont définies dans les domaine d’application et articles de chaque partie de l'EN 378.
La présente Norme européenne n’est pas applicable aux systèmes de réfrigération qui utilisent l’air ou l’eau comme
fluide frigorigène. Les systèmes utilisant des fluides frigorigènes autres que ceux énoncés dans l’Annexe E ne sont
pas couverts par la présente Norme européenne aussi longtemps qu’une classe de sécurité ne leur sera pas attribué.
NOTE 2 Pour la classification de sécurité de fluides frigorigènes non listés en annexe E, voir l’Annexe F.
La présente Norme européenne couvre les risques mentionnés dans l’introduction.
La présente Norme européenne est applicable aux systèmes de réfrigération neufs et aux modifications des
systèmes de réfrigération existants dans le cas où le groupe du fluide frigorigène aurait changé ou le récipient sous
pression serait remplacé. La partie traitant de la maintenance, la réparation, le fonctionnement, la récupération, la
réutilisation et la mise au rebut s’applique aussi aux systèmes existants. Il convient de faire considérer les aspects
relatifs à la sécurité et à l’environnement couverts par la présente Norme européenne par des tiers responsables des
systèmes de réfrigération existants, et mettre en oeuvre les exigences les plus rigoureuses possibles et
raisonnablement applicables.
La Directive 94/9/CE relative aux appareils et systèmes de protection destinés à être utilisés en atmosphères
explosibles peut s’appliquer au type de machine ou d’équipement couvert par la présente Norme européenne.
La présente norme n’est pas destinée à fournir un moyen de satisfaire aux exigences essentielles de santé et de
sécurité de la Directive 94/9/CE.
Hladilni sistemi in toplotne črpalke - Varnostnotehnične in okoljevarstvene zahteve - 1. del: Osnovne zahteve, definicije, razvrstitve in kriteriji za izbiro
Ta evropski standard določa zahteve v zvezi z varnostjo oseb in premoženja (vendar ne za blago v skladiščih) ter lokalnim in svetovnim okoljem za: a) stacionarne in mobilne hladilne sisteme vseh velikosti, vključno s toplotnimi črpalkami; b) sekundarne sisteme za hlajenje ali ogrevanje; c) lokacijo teh hladilnih sistemov. Za hladilne sisteme z omejeno maso hladila se uporabljajo le nekateri deli in točke. Izjeme so določene v področju uporabe in točkah vsakega dela standarda EN 378. Ta evropski standard ni namenjen za hladilne sisteme, ki kot hladilo uporabljajo zrak ali vodo. Sistemi, ki uporabljajo druga hladila namesto hladil iz dodatka E, niso zajeti v tem evropskem standardu, če nimajo določenega varnostnega razreda.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Kälteanlagen und Wärmepumpen - Sicherheitstechnische und umweltrelevante Anforderungen - Teil 1: Grundlegende Anforderungen, Begriffe, Klassifikationen und AuswahlkriterienSystèmes de réfrigération et pompes à chaleur - Exigences de sécurité et d'environnement - Partie 1: Exigences de base, définitions, classification et critères de choixRefrigerating systems and heat pumps - Safety and environmental requirements - Part 1: Basic requirements, definitions, classification and selection criteria27.200Hladilna tehnologijaRefrigerating technology27.080Heat pumps01.040.27Prenos energije in toplote (Slovarji)Energy and heat transfer engineering (Vocabularies)ICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 378-1:2008+A2:2012SIST EN 378-1:2008+A2:2012en,fr01-julij-2012SIST EN 378-1:2008+A2:2012SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 378-1:2008+A2
May 2012 ICS 27.080; 27.200; 01.040.27 Supersedes EN 378-1:2008+A1:2010English Version
Refrigerating systems and heat pumps - Safety and environmental requirements - Part 1: Basic requirements, definitions, classification and selection criteria
Systèmes de réfrigération et pompes à chaleur - Exigences de sécurité et d'environnement - Partie 1: Exigences de base, définitions, classification et critères de choix
Kälteanlagen und Wärmepumpen - Sicherheitstechnische und umweltrelevante Anforderungen - Teil 1: Grundlegende Anforderungen, Begriffe, Klassifikationen und Auswahlkriterien This European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 October 2007 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 13 November 2010 and Amendment 2 approved by CEN on 23 January 2012.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 378-1:2008+A2:2012: ESIST EN 378-1:2008+A2:2012
Equivalent terms in English, French and German . 25Annex B (informative)
Total equivalent warming impact (TEWI) . 29Annex C (normative)
Refrigerant charge limitations . 32Annex D (informative)
Protection for people who are inside cold rooms . 46Annex E (normative)
!Safety classification and information about refrigerants"""" . 48Annex F (informative)
Safety group classifications . 56Annex G (normative)
Special requirements for ice rinks . 63Bibliography . 64 SIST EN 378-1:2008+A2:2012
"Refrigerating systems, safety and environmental requirements", the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2012. This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2010-11-13 and Amendment 2, approved by CEN on 2012-01-23. This document supersedes #EN 378-1:2008+A1:2010$. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! "
and # $. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. EN 378 consists of the following parts under the general title Refrigerating systems and heat pumps — Safety and environmental requirements: Part 1: Basic requirements, definitions, classification and selection criteria Part 2: Design, construction, testing, marking and documentation Part 3: Installation site and personal protection Part 4: Operation, maintenance, repair and recovery According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
construction, installation, operation, maintenance, repair and disposal of refrigerating systems and appliances in respect to the local and global environments, but not to the final destruction of the refrigerants. The term "refrigerating system" used in this European Standard includes heat pumps. The extent to which hazards are covered is indicated below. In addition, machinery should comply as
appropriate with EN ISO 12100-1 and EN ISO 12100-2 for hazards which are not covered by this European Standard. It is intended to minimize possible hazards to persons, property and the environment from refrigerating
systems and refrigerants. These hazards are associated essentially with the physical and chemical
characteristics of refrigerants as well as the pressures and temperatures occurring in refrigeration cycles. Inadequate precautions may result in: component rupture or explosion, with risk of projectiles; escape of refrigerant with the risk of environmental damage or toxicity due to a fracture, a leakage caused by bad design, incorrect operation, and inadequate maintenance, repair, charging or disposal; burning or combustion of escaping refrigerant with consequent risk of fire including the risk of toxic
products of combustion from non-flammable refrigerants. Refrigerants, their mixtures and combinations with oils, water or other materials, which are present in the
refrigerating system, intended or unintended, affect the internal surrounding materials chemically and
physically for example due to pressure and temperature. They can, if they have detrimental properties,
endanger persons, property and the environment directly or indirectly due to global long term effects (ODP,GWP) when escaping from the refrigerating system. Refrigerants shall be selected with due regard to their potential influence on the global environment as well as their possible effects on the local environment. Evaluation of the environmental performance however requires a life cycle approach. With regard to global climate change the Total Equivalent Warming Impact approach is generally used as the basis (see Annex B). Reference should be made to the EN ISO 14040 series to address other environmental aspects. Many factors influence environmental impacts such as: location of the system; energy efficiency of the system; type of refrigerant; service frequency; refrigerant leaks; sensitivity of charge on efficiency; minimisation of heat load; control methods. The cost of the system will have an indirect influence on the environmental performance. Additional
investments may be directed towards reducing leaks, increasing energy efficiency or modifying the design in order to use a different refrigerant. Only a life cycle approach is capable of identifying where additional
investments will have the most beneficial effects. SIST EN 378-1:2008+A2:2012
simultaneous presence of the liquid and vapour phases. Furthermore, the state of the refrigerant and the stresses that it exerts on the various components do not depend solely on the processes and functions inside the plant, but also on external factors. The following hazards are worthy of note: a) from the direct effect of extreme temperature, for example: brittleness of materials at low temperatures; freezing of enclosed liquid (water, brine or similar); thermal stresses; changes of volume due to temperature changes; injurious effects to persons caused by low temperatures; touchable hot surfaces. b) from excessive pressure due to, for example: increase in the pressure of condensation, caused by inadequate cooling or the partial pressure of non condensable gases or an accumulation of oil or liquid refrigerant; increase in the pressure of saturated vapour due to excessive external heating, for example of a
liquid cooler, or when defrosting an air cooler or high ambient temperature when the plant is at a standstill; expansion of liquid refrigerant in a closed space without the presence of vapour, caused by a rise in external temperature; fire. c) from the direct effect of the liquid phase, for example: excessive charge or flooding of equipment; presence of liquid in compressors, caused by syphoning, or condensation in the compressor; liquid hammer in piping; loss of lubrication due to dilution of oil; condensation-induced shock. d) from the escape of refrigerants, for example: fire; explosion; toxicity including products of combustion; caustic effects; freezing of skin; SIST EN 378-1:2008+A2:2012
discharge, liquid slugging, erroneous operation and reduction in mechanical strength caused by corrosion, erosion, thermal stress, liquid hammer or vibration. Corrosion, however, should have special consideration as conditions peculiar to refrigerating systems arise due to alternate frosting and defrosting or the covering of equipment by insulation. The above analysis of the hazards applying to refrigerating systems explains the plan on which this European Standard has been based. SIST EN 378-1:2008+A2:2012
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.