EN 13493:2013

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Geosynthetische Dichtungsbahnen - Eigenschaften, die für die Anwendung beim Bau von Deponien und Zwischenlagern für feste Abfallstoffe erforderlich sindGéomembranes, géosynthétiques bentonitiques - Caractéristiques requises pour l'utilisation dans la construction des ouvrages de stockage et d'enfouissement de déchets solidesGeosynthetic barriers - Characteristics required for use in the construction of solid waste storage and disposal sites59.080.70GeotekstilijeGeotextiles13.030.40Naprave in oprema za odstranjevanje in obdelavo odpadkovInstallations and equipment for waste disposal and treatmentICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 13493:2013SIST EN 13493:2013en,fr,de01-december-2013SIST EN 13493:2013SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 13493:20051DGRPHãþD

EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 13493
July 2013 ICS 59.080.70; 91.100.50 Supersedes EN 13493:2005English Version
Geosynthetic barriers - Characteristics required for use in the construction of solid waste storage and disposal sites
Barrières géosynthétiques - Caractéristiques requises pour l'utilisation dans la construction des ouvrages de stockage et d'enfouissement de déchets solides
Geosynthetische Dichtungsbahnen - Eigenschaften, die für die Anwendung beim Bau von Deponien und Zwischenlagern für feste Abfallstoffe erforderlich sind This European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 May 2013.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
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B-1000 Brussels © 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13493:2013: ESIST EN 13493:2013

Factory production control  Factory production control scheme . 19 A.1 General . 19 A.2 Product design . 19 A.3 Production . 19 A.3.1 Raw or incoming materials . 19 A.3.2 Production process . 19 A.4 Finished products . 19 A.4.1 Raw or incoming materials . 19 A.4.2 Alternative tests . 22 A.4.3 Equipment . 22 A.5 Provisions applicable to A.2, A.3 and A.4 (to be used where appropriate) . 23 A.5.1 Records . 23 A.5.2 Assessment of results . 23 A.5.3 Traceability . 23 SIST EN 13493:2013

Durability of geosynthetic barriers . 24 B.1 Introduction . 24 B.1.1 Standards to which this annex is common . 24 B.1.2 Mechanisms of degradation . 24 B.1.3 Service life . 25 B.1.4 Use of rework materials . 25 B.2 Test requirements . 25 B.2.1 General requirement . 25 B.2.2 Requirements for repeat testing . 25 B.2.3 Requirements for individual materials . 26 B.3 Durability tests . 27 B.3.1 Introduction . 27 B.3.2 Weathering . 27 B.3.3 Resistance to micro-organisms . 29 B.3.4 Resistance to environmental stress cracking . 29 B.3.5 Resistance to leaching . 29 B.3.6 Resistance to oxidation . 30 B.3.7 Chemical resistance . 30 B.4 Evaluation tests and acceptance criteria . 30 B.4.1 General. 30 B.4.2 Evaluation by comparison of tensile properties . 30 B.4.3 Evaluation by comparison of Oxidative Induction Time (OIT) values . 31 B.4.4 Evaluation by change in mass . 31 B.4.5 Evaluation by change in water permeability . 31 Annex ZA (informative)
Clauses of this European Standard addressing the provisions of the EU Construction Products Directive . 32 ZA.1 Scope and relevant characteristics . 32 ZA.2 Procedure for attestation of conformity of geosynthetic barriers . 33 ZA.2.1 System of attestation of conformity . 33 ZA.2.2 EC Certificate and Declaration of Conformity . 34 ZA.3 CE marking and labelling . 35 Bibliography . 39
(ISO 12957-1) EN ISO 12957-2, Geosynthetics  Determination of friction characteristics  Part 2: Inclined plane test (ISO 12957-2) EN ISO 13438, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products  Screening test method for determining the resistance to oxidation (ISO 13438) ISO 34-1:2010, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic  Determination of tear strength  Part 1: Trouser, angle and crescent test pieces ISO 11357-6, Plastics — Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) — Part 6: Determination of oxidation induction time (isothermal OIT) and oxidation induction temperature (dynamic OIT) ASTM D696, Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion of Plastics Between -30 °C and 30 °C With a Vitreous Silica Dilatometer ASTM D1434, Standard Test Method for Determining Gas Permeability Characteristics of Plastic Film and Sheeting ASTM D5890, Standard Test Method for Swell Index of Clay Mineral Component of Geosynthetic Clay Liners 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 10318:2005 and the following apply. 3.1.1 product geosynthetic barrier, including polymeric, bituminous and clay barriers 3.1.2 specification document in which the works, functions, specific conditions and required material property values of the geosynthetic barrier of use are described 3.1.3 waste disposal site site for the deposit of waste (landfills), including facilities where solid waste is unloaded and stored in order to permit its preparation for further transport for recovery, treatment or disposal elsewhere 3.1.4 solid waste waste in solid form including liquid-solid mixtures having capability to be handled as, or mixed with solid waste for storage purposes 3.1.5 basal liner material which forms the main barrier to prevent the escape of contained fluids from the base of the facility SIST EN 13493:2013

4.2.2 Application 1: "Composite lining system" Application where geosynthetic barriers are used as a composite lining system in the base and/or cover. Figure 1 shows a typical cross-section. SIST EN 13493:2013

Key 1 top soil 2 rain water collection layer 3 geosynthetic barrier (GBR-P or GBR-B) 4 geosynthetic barrier (GBR-C) 5 gas drainage layer 6 leveling layer 7 waste body 8 leachate collection system 9 geotextile 10 subgrade Figure 1 — A geosynthetic barrier as a typical high performance composite lining system for municipal solid waste disposal sites 4.2.3 Application 2: "Single lined system" Application where a single geosynthetic barrier is used in the base and/or cover. Figure 2 shows a typical cross-section. SIST EN 13493:2013

Key 1 top soil 2 rain water collection layer 3 geosynthetic barrier 4 leveling layer 5 waste body 6 leachate collection system 7 geotextile 8 subgrade Figure 2 — A geosynthetic barrier as a single lined system for solid waste disposal sites 4.3 Relevant characteristics The characteristics and the test methods to be used are given in Table 1. The list of characteristics in Table 1 includes those relevant to all conditions of use and subject to harmonisation (H) (see Annex ZA), those relevant to all conditions of use and not subject to harmonisation (A), and those relevant to specific conditions of use and not subject to harmonisation (S). The functions and conditions of use, corresponding with the characteristics, marked with “S” in Table 1, are specified in 4.4. The manufacturer shall provide the data based on the results of tests specified in this standard and, where relevant, in accordance with 5.1. The manufacturer shall provide information on how functioning joints can be made. Where products are jointed in the factory the water permeability and, if relevant, the strength of the joints shall be tested and data presented. SIST EN 13493:2013

Geosynthetic barrier Test methods Remarks Nr Property to be tested GBR-P
GBR-B GBR-C GBR-P GBR-B GBR-C
Physical properties
1 Thickness A A A EN 1849-2 EN 1849-1 EN ISO 9863-1
2 Mass per unit area A A A EN 1849-2 EN 1849-1 EN 14196
Hydraulic properties
3 Water permeability (liquid tightness)
H H H EN 14150 EN 14150 EN 16416 Report index flux for GBR-C.
4 Gas permeability (gas tightness) H H S ASTM D1434
ASTM D1434
EN ISO 10773 See 4.4.2. 5 Swell index - - A - - ASTM D5890
Mechanical properties
6 Tensile strength
H H H EN ISO 527-1,
EN ISO 527-3,
EN ISO 527-4
or EN 12311-2 EN 12311-1 EN ISO 10319 For non-reinforced GBR-P use EN ISO 527-1 and EN ISO 527-3:1995, test specimen type 5 at a speed of 100 mm/min.
For reinforced GBR-P use EN ISO 527-1 and EN ISO 527-4:1997, specimen type 2 with width 50 mm, at a speed of 5 mm/min. EN 12311-2 should only be used for non-polyolefinic GBR-P. Report in all cases the maximum strength measured according to the test method. SIST EN 13493:2013

Geosynthetic barrier Test methods Remarks 7 Elongation A A A EN ISO 527-1,
EN ISO 527-3,
EN ISO 527-4
or EN 12311-2 EN 12311-1 EN ISO 10319 For non-reinforced GBR-P use EN ISO 527-1 and EN ISO 527-3:1995, test specimen type 5 at a speed of 100 mm/min.
For reinforced GBR-P use EN ISO 527-1 and EN ISO 527-4:1997, specimen type 2, width 50 mm, at a speed of 5 mm/min. Calculation of elongation as defined in EN ISO 527-1:2012, 10.2, using grip separation measurement. EN 12311-2 should only be used for non-polyolefinic GBR-P. 8 Static puncture H H H EN ISO 12236 EN ISO 12236 EN ISO 12236
9 Burst strength S S S EN 14151
EN 14151 EN 14151 This test applies to GBR-C only if they contain a polymeric or bituminous barrier element. 10 Tear strength S S - ISO 34-1 EN 12310-1 - For GBR-P use ISO 34-1:2010, Method B, angle specimen (Figure 2) without nick at a speed of 50 mm/min. 11 Friction direct shear S S S EN ISO 12957-1 EN ISO 12957-1 EN ISO 12957-1 For determining the bonding strength of GBRs, an internal shear or peel bond test may be applicable.
12 Friction inclined plane S S S EN ISO 12957-2 EN ISO 12957-2 EN ISO 12957-2
Thermal properties
13 Low temp behaviour (flexure) S S - EN 495-5 EN 1109 -
14 Thermal expansion A A - ASTM D696 - -
Geosynthetic barrier Test methods Remarks
Durability and chemical resistance
15 Weathering H H S EN 12224 EN 12224 EN 12224 GBR-C: see 4.4.7. 16 Micro organisms A A A EN 12225 EN 12225 EN 12225
17 Oxidation H H H EN 14575 EN 14575 EN ISO 13438 For the geotextile elements and reinforcement yarns of GBR-C barriers, EN ISO 13438 is applicable. 18 Environmental stress cracking H - S EN 14576 - EN 14576 EN 14576 is not applicable to GBR-P with a non-crystalline structure. If GPR-P is greater 0,5 mm and less 1,0 mm, the test EN 14576 shall be performed with the same composition at a thickness between 1,0 mm and 1,5 mm. In order to estimate exposure durability of thermoset elastomers, as non-crystalline materials cannot be tested following the environmental stress cracking test (EN 14576), the ozone stress cracking test shall be performed according to EN 1844 and evaluated with tensile strength measurements of the reference and the exposed specimen in accordance with B.4.1. 19 Leaching (water soluble) A A A EN 14415
EN 14415 EN 14415
20 Chemical resistance A A A EN 14414 EN 14414 EN 14414
21 Wetting/drying - - S - - CEN/TS 14417
22 Freezing / thaw - - S - - CEN/TS 14418
23 Root penetration S S S CEN/TS 14416 CEN/TS 14416 CEN/TS 14416
Relevancy:
H : required for harmonisation;
A : relevant to all conditions of use; S : relevant to specific conditions of use;
-: not relevant Particular application cases may contain requirements about additional properties and - preferably standardised - test methods, if they are technically relevant and not conflicting with European Standards. The design life of the product should be determined, since its function may be temporary, as a construction expediency, or permanent, for the lifetime of the structure. SIST EN 13493:2013

Whenever a GBR-C is used as the sole gas barrier it shall be ensured that the GBR-C remains hydrated in use to act as a gas barrier. 4.4.3 Tear strength Data on the tear strength of polymeric and bituminous barriers are required when they are laid on slopes or inclined surfaces or otherwise exposed to mechanical stress. 4.4.4 Burst strength Data on the burst strength are required in all applications where multi-axial deformation of geosynthetic barriers can occur as a result of settlement, deformation in designed or accidental situations. 4.4.5 Friction characteristics (direct shear and inclined plane tests) Data on friction characteristics are required in all applications where differential movement may take place between the product and adjacent materials including, but not by way of limitation, geosynthetic barriers applied to slopes and certain types of anchoring arrangements. In addition to the friction characteristics information on the internal bonding strength of GBR-C in the direction of the actual stress may be relevant. A shear (EN ISO 12957 and ASTM D6243) or peel (EN ISO 13426-1 and EN ISO 13426-2 and/or ASTM D6496 (for needle punched GBR-C)) test may be appropriate, particularly on slopes or in applications where shear stress may occur (i.e. during installation). Site specific testing should be carried out to establish the friction characteristics between all the materials used. 4.4.6 Low temperature behaviour Data on low temperature behaviour are required for applications where polymer, and bituminous products may be exposed to low temperatures in storage, construction and use. Tests which set simple pass/fail criteria at a single temperature condition may not be appropriate for this purpose. Prehydrated GBR-C should not be stored or installed when the ambient temperature is below 0 °C. 4.4.7 Weathering Data on weathering (combined effects of cycles of wetting, temperature change, and exposure to UV light) are required for applications where the GBR-C barrier will be exposed to weather without adequate protective cover. It SIST EN 13493:2013

Resistance to wetting and drying Data on the resistance of GBR-C to repeated wetting and drying is required when the conditions of use will subject the product to this sequence of actions. 4.4.9 Freeze-thaw cycle resistance Data on the resistance of GBR-C to freeze/thaw is required when the conditions of use will subject the product to this sequence of actions. 4.4.10 Resistance to root penetration Data on root penetration is required in all applications where the geosynthetic barrier is exposed to soils containing restorative vegetation. 4.5 Release of dangerous substances National regulations on dangerous substances may require verification and declaration on release, and sometimes content, when construction products covered by this standard are placed on those markets. In the absence of European harmonised test methods, verification and declaration on release/content should be done taking into account national provisions in the place of use. NOTE An informative database covering European and national provisions on dangerous substances is available at the Construction web site on EUROPA accessed through: http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/construction/cpd-ds/. 5 Evaluation of conformity 5.1 Presentation of characteristics The characteristics specified in Table 2, except for durability, expressed as mean values and tolerance limit(s) corresponding to the 95 % confidence level, shall be given by the manufacturer, based on the statistical interpretation of his internal quality control measurements. Physical examination or preliminary testing, according to one of the test methods referenced in Table 1, may indicate that values obtained for a product lie below (or above) the sensitivity threshold established for that test method. In these particular circumstances the manufacturer may declare a value as being less (or greater) than this sensitivity threshold value. Information about durability shall be expressed in accordance with Annex B. 5.2 Verification of values The marking and labelling of the rolls and of the products shall be checked. The marking of the products shall be according to EN ISO 10320. NOTE The method described in this clause is not compulsory for an on-site control procedure. The compliance of characteristics with the values defined in 5.1 shall be based on measurements made on two representative samples (A and B), taken from two different rolls. Sampling shall be made in accordance with EN ISO 9862. SIST EN 13493:2013

For the durability aspects of these characteristics, see Table 1, 4.4 and Annex B.
The results of initial type tests shall be recorded and be available for inspection. The sample for the type tests shall be drawn according to EN ISO 9862 from a normal production run using the materials and forming processes to be used for the full production process. The size of the sample shall be big enough to allow the determination of the characteristics specified in Table 2. Handmade samples, short trial batches and other development prototypes may be tested by the same methods, but shall not be used for establishing characteristic values in type tests. 5.4 Factory production control A factory production control scheme shall be established and documented in a manual prior to a product type being placed on the market. Subsequently, any fundamental changes in raw materials and additives, manufacturing procedures or the control scheme that affects the properties or use of a product shall be recorded in the manual. The manual shall include the factory production control procedures relevant to the declared properties, as confirmed by the initial type tests. SIST EN 13493:2013

Marking The manufacturer shall clearly and indelibly mark the geosynthetic barrier with the information specified in EN ISO 10320. NOTE For CE Marking, see ZA.3. SIST EN 13493:2013

Factory production control  Factory production control scheme A.1 General The items to be addressed in the factory production control manual relating to the system of control determined from 5.4 are given in A.1. A.2 Product design The manufacturer shall describe how design requirements and criteria are identified, checked, controlled and updated to be unambiguous and relevant to the use of the product and its specification. The manufacturer shall describe the communication of the design to the internal production departments or external sub-contractors. A.3 Production A.3.1 Raw or incoming materials The manufacturer shall define the acceptance criteria of incoming materials and the procedures that he operates to ensure that these are met. A.3.2 Production process
The relevant features of the plant and production process shall be defined giving the frequency of the inspections, checks and tests, together with the values or criteria required both on equipment and on work in the process. The action to be taken when control values or criteria are not obtained shall be recorded. These records shall be available for inspection by relevant parties. A.4 Finished products A.4.1 Raw or incoming materials The manufacturer shall define the acceptance criteria of incoming materials and the procedures that he operates to ensure that these are met. Table A.1 to Table A.3 specify testing frequencies for harmonised (mandatory) properties; for other purposes than CE-marking other frequencies may be appropriate. SIST EN 13493:2013
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