EN 16603-10-12:2014

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Raumfahrttechnik - Methoden zur Berechnung von Strahlungsdosis, -wirkung und Leitfaden für Toleranzen im EntwurfIngéniérie spatiale - Procédé pour le calcul de rayonnement reçue et ses effets, et une politique de marges de conceptionSpace engineering - Method for the calculation of radiation received and its effects, and a policy for design margins49.140Vesoljski sistemi in operacijeSpace systems and operations17.240Merjenje sevanjaRadiation measurementsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 16603-10-12:2014SIST EN 16603-10-12:2014en01-oktober-2014SIST EN 16603-10-12:2014SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 16603-10-12
July 2014 ICS 49.140
English version
Space engineering - Method for the calculation of radiation received and its effects, and a policy for design margins
Ingéniérie spatiale - Procédé pour le calcul de rayonnement reçue et ses effets, et une politique de marges de conception
Raumfahrttechnik - Methoden zur Berechnung von Strahlungsdosis, -wirkung und Leitfaden für Toleranzen im Entwurf This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 February 2014.
CEN and CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN and CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN and CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN and CENELEC members are the national standards bodies and national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels © 2014 CEN/CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members and for CENELEC Members. Ref. No. EN 16603-10-12:2014 E SIST EN 16603-10-12:2014

Figures Figure 9-1: Procedure flowchart for hardness assurance for single event effects. . 79
Tables Table 4-1: Stages of a project and radiation effects analyses performed . 28 Table 4-2: Summary of radiation effects parameters, units and examples . 29 Table 4-3: Summary of radiation effects and cross-references to other chapters. 30 Table 6-1: Summary table of relevant primary and secondary radiations to be quantified by shielding model as a function of radiation effect and mission type . 46 Table 6-2: Description of different dose-depth methods and their applications . 48 Table 7-1: Technologies susceptible to total ionising dose effects . 58 Table 8-1: Summary of displacement damage effects observed in components as a function of component technology . 66 Table 8-2: Definition of displacement damage effects . 67 Table 9-1: Possible single event effects as a function of component technology and family. . 71 Table 10-1: Summary of possible radiation-induced background effects as a function of instrument technology . 84 Table 11-1: Radiation weighting factors . 96 Table 11-2: Tissue weighting factors for various organs and tissue (male and female). 96 Table 11-3: Sources of uncertainties for risk estimation from atomic bomb data. 101 Table 11-4: Uncertainties of risk estimation from the space radiation field . 101
This standard applies to all product types which exist or operate in space, as well as to crews of manned space missions. The standard aims to implement a space system engineering process that ensures common understanding by participants in the development and operation process (including Agencies, customers, suppliers, and developers) and use of common methods in evaluation of radiation effects.
This standard is complemented by ECSS-E-HB-10-12 “Radiation received and its effects and margin policy handbook”. This standard may be tailored for the specific characteristic and constrains of a space project in conformance with ECSS-S-ST-00.
EN reference Reference in text Title EN 16601-00-01 ECSS-S-ST-00-01 ECSS system – Glossary of terms EN 16603-10-04 ECSS-E-ST-10-04 Space engineering – Space environment EN 16603-10-09 ECSS-E-ST-10-09 Space engineering – Reference coordinate system EN 16602-30 ECSS-Q-ST-30 Space product assurance – Dependability EN 16602-60 ECSS-Q-ST-60
Space product assurance – Electrical, electronic and electromechanical (EEE) components
It is normally represented by K. 3.2.3 ambient dose equivalent, H*(d) dose at a point equivalent to the one produced by the corresponding expanded and aligned radiation field in the ICRU sphere at a specific depth on the radius opposing the direction of the aligned field NOTE 1 It is normally represented by H*(d), where d is the specific depth used in its definition, in mm. NOTE 2 H*(d) is relevant to strongly penetrating radiation. The value normally used is 10 mm, SIST EN 16603-10-12:2014

The primary particle is ultimately absorbed while the bremsstrahlung can be highly penetrating. In space the most common source of bremsstrahlung is electron scattering. 3.2.5 component device that performs a function and consists of one or more elements joined together and which cannot be disassembled without destruction 3.2.6 continuous slowing down approximation range (CSDA) integral pathlength travelled by charged particles in a material assuming no stochastic variations between different particles of the same energy, and no angular deflections of the particles 3.2.7 COTS commercial electronic component readily available off-the-shelf, and not manufactured, inspected or tested in accordance with military or space standards 3.2.8 critical charge minimum amount of charge collected at a sensitive node due to a charged particle strike that results in a SEE 3.2.9 cross-section probability of a single event effect occurring per unit incident particle fluence NOTE
This is experimentally measured as the number of events recorded per unit fluence. 3.2.10 cross-section probability of a particle interaction per unit incident particle fluence NOTE
It is sometimes referred to as the microscopic cross-section. Other related definition is the macroscopic cross section, defines as the probability of an interaction per unit path-length of the particle in a material. SIST EN 16603-10-12:2014

dose at a point equivalent to the one produced by the corresponding expanded radiation field in the ICRU sphere at a specific depth d on a radius on a specified direction NOTE 1 It is normally expressed as H′(d, ), where d is the specific depth used in its definition, in mm, and
is the direction.
NOTE 2 H′(d-penetrating radiation
where a reference depth of 0,07 mm is usually used and the quantity denoted H′(0,07,
3.2.12 displacement damage crystal structure damage caused when particles lose energy by elastic or inelastic collisions in a material 3.2.13 dose quantity of radiation delivered at a position NOTE 1 In its broadest sense this can include the flux of particles, but in the context of space energetic particle radiation effects, it usually refers to the energy absorbed locally per unit mass as a result of radiation exposure. NOTE 2 If “dose” is used unqualified, it refers to both ionising and non-ionising dose. Non-ionising dose can be quantified either through energy deposition via displacement damage or damage-equivalent fluence (see Clause 8). 3.2.14 dose equivalent absorbed dose at a point in tissue which is weighted by quality factors which are related to the LET distribution of the radiation at that point 3.2.15 dose rate rate at which radiation is delivered per unit time 3.2.16 effective dose sum of the equivalent doses for all irradiated tissues or organs, each weighted by its own value of tissue weighting factor NOTE 1 It is normally represented by E, and in accordance with the definition it is calculated with the equation below, and the wT is specified in the ICRP-92 standard [RDH.22]: ∑⋅=TTHwE
(1) For further discussion on E, see ECSS-E-HB-10-12 Section 10.2.2. SIST EN 16603-10-12:2014

See references [2]. 3.2.22 fluence time-integration of flux NOTE
It is normally represented by
3.2.23 flux number of particles crossing a surface at right angles to the particle direction, per unit area per unit time 3.2.24 flux number of particles crossing a sphere of unit cross-sectional area (i.e. of radius 1/π) per unit time NOTE 1 For arbitrary angular distributions, it is normally known as omnidirectional flux. NOTE 2 Flux is often expressed in “integral form” as particles per unit time (e.g. electrons cm-2 s-1) above a certain energy threshold. NOTE 3 The directional flux is the differential with respect to solid angle (e.g. particles-cm-2steradian-1s-1) while the “differential” flux is SIST EN 16603-10-12:2014

This definition is provided by the International Commission of Radiation Units and Measurements Report 33 [12]. 3.2.26 ICRU Soft Tissue tissue equivalent material with a density of 1 g/cm3 and a mass composition of 76,2 % oxygen, 11,1 % carbon, 10,1 % hydrogen and 2,6 % nitrogen. NOTE
This definition is provided in the ICRU Report 33 [12].
3.2.27 ionising dose amount of energy per unit mass transferred by particles to a target material in the form of ionisation and excitation 3.2.28 ionising radiation transfer of energy by means of particles where the particle has sufficient energy to remove electrons, or undergo elastic or inelastic interactions with nuclei (including displacement of atoms), and in the context of this standard includes photons in the X-ray energy band and above 3.2.29 isotropic property of a distribution of particles where the flux is constant over all directions 3.2.30 L or L-shell parameter of the geomagnetic field often used to describe positions in near-Earth space NOTE
L or L-shell has a complicated derivation based on an invariant of the motion of charged particles in the terrestrial magnetic field. However it is useful in defining plasma regimes within the magnetosphere because, for a dipole magnetic field, it is equal to the geocentric altitude in Earth-radii of the local magnetic field line where it crosses the equator. 3.2.31 linear energy transfer (LET) rate of energy deposited through ionisation from a slowing energetic particle with distance travelled in matter, the energy being imparted to the material NOTE 1 LET is normally used to describe the ionisation track caused due to the passage of an ion. LET SIST EN 16603-10-12:2014

It is normally represented by DT, and in accordance with the definition, it is calculated with the equation (35) in ECSS-E-HB-10-12 Section 10.2.2. The unit is the gray (Gy), being 1 Gy = 1 joule / kg. 3.2.35 mean range integral pathlength travelled by particles in a material after which the intensity is reduced by a factor of e
NOTE
In accordance with the above definition, it is not the range at which all particles are stopped. 3.2.36 multiple bit upset (MBU) set of bits corrupted in a digital element that have been caused by direct ionisation from a single traversing particle or by recoiling nuclei and/or secondary products from a nuclear interaction
NOTE
MCU and SMU are special cases of MBU. SIST EN 16603-10-12:2014

Although the SI unit of TNID or NIEL dose is the gray (see definition 3.2.34), for spacecraft radiation effects, MeV/g(material) is more commonly used in order to avoid confusion with ionising energy deposition, e.g. MeV/g(Si) for TNID in silicon. 3.2.39 NIEL or NIEL rate or NIEL coefficient rate of energy loss in a material by a particle due to displacement damage per unit pathlength 3.2.40 omnidirectional flux scalar integral of the flux over all directions NOTE
This implies that no consideration is taken of the directional distribution of the particles which can be non-isotropic. The flux at a point is the number of particles crossing a sphere of unit cross-sectional surface area (i.e. of radius 1/π) per unit time. An omnidirectional flux is not to be confused with an isotropic flux. 3.2.41 organ equivalent dose sum of each contribution of the absorbed dose by a tissue or an organ exposed to several radiation types, weighted by the each radiation weighting factor for the radiations impinging on the body NOTE 1 The organ equivalent dose, an ICRP-60 [11] defined quantity, is normally represented by HT, and usually shortened to equivalent dose. In accordance with the definition, it is calculated with the equation below (for further discussion, see ECSS-E-HB-10-12 Section 10.2.2): RTRTDwH;∑⋅= (2) NOTE 2 The organ equivalent dose is measured in units of sievert, Sv, where 1 Sv = 1 J/kg. The unit rem (roentgen equivalent man)
is still used, where 1 Sv = 100 rem. SIST EN 16603-10-12:2014

The collective motion is brought about by the electrostatic Coulomb force between charged particles. This causes the particles to rearrange themselves to counteract electric fields within a distance of the order of the Debye length. On spatial scales larger than the Debye length plasmas are electrically neutral. 3.2.44 projected range average depth of penetration of a particle measured along the initial direction of the particle 3.2.45 quality factor factor accounting for the different biological efficiencies of ionising radiation with different LET, and used to convert the absorbed dose to operational parameters (ambient dose equivalent, directional dose equivalent and personal dose equivalent) NOTE 1 Quality factor, normally represented by Q, are used (rather than radiation or tissue weighting factors) to convert the absorbed dose to dose equivalent quantities described above (ambient dose equivalent, directional dose equivalent and personal dose equivalent). Its actual values are given by ICRP-60 [11] (see 11.2.3.2). SIST EN 16603-10-12:2014

In the context of this Standard, electromagnetic radiation below the X-ray band is excluded. This therefore excludes UV, visible, thermal, microwave and radiowave radiation. 3.2.47 radiation design margin (RDM) ratio of the radiation tolerance or capability of the component, system or protection limit for astronaut, to the predicted radiation environment for the mission or phase of the mission NOTE
The component tolerance or capability, above which its performance becomes non-compliant, is project-defined. 3.2.48 radiation design margin (RDM) ratio of the design SEE tolerance to the predicted SEE rate for the environment NOTE
The design SSE tolerance is the acceptable SEE rate which the equipment or mission can experience while still meeting the equipment reliability and availability requirements. 3.2.49 radiation design margin (RDM) ratio of the acceptable probability of component failure by the SEE mechanism to the calculated probability of failure NOTE
the acceptable probability of component failure is based on the equipment reliability and availability specifications. 3.2.50 radiation design margin (RDM) ratio of the protection limits defined by the project for the mission to the predicted exposure for the crew 3.2.51 radiation weighting factor factor accounting for the different levels of radiation effects in biological material for different radiations at the same absorbed dose
NOTE
It is normally represented by wR. Its value is defined by ICRP (see clause 11.2.2.2). 3.2.52 relative biological effectiveness (RBE) inverse ratio of the absorbed dose from one radiation type to that of a reference radiation that produces the same radiation effect SIST EN 16603-10-12:2014

For example, in linear devices, or in FPGAs. 3.2.56 single event disturb (SED) momentary voltage excursion (voltage spike) at a node in an integrated circuit, originally formed by the electric field separation of the charge generated by an ion passing through or near a junction NOTE
SED is similar to SET, but used to refer to such events in digital microelectronics. 3.2.57 single event effect (SEE) effect caused either by direct ionisation from a single traversing particle or by recoiling nuclei emitted from a nuclear interaction 3.2.58 single event functional interrupt (SEFI) interrupt caused by a single particle strike which leads to a temporary non-functionality (or interruption of normal operation) of the affected device 3.2.59 single event gate rupture (SEGR) formation of a conducting path triggered by a single ionising particle in a high-field region of a gate oxide 3.2.60 single event hard error (SEHE) unalterable change of state associated with semi-permanent damage to a memory cell from a single ion track 3.2.61 single event latch-up (SEL) potentially destructive triggering of a parasitic PNPN thyristor structure in a device SIST EN 16603-10-12:2014

SMU are multiple bit upsets within a single data word. 3.2.66 solar energetic particle event (SEPE) emission of energetic protons or heavier nuclei from the Sun within a short space of time (hours to days) leading to particle flux enhancement NOTE
SEPE are usually associated with solar flares (with accompanying photon emission in optical, UV and X-Ray) or coronal mass ejections. 3.2.67 stopping power average rate of energy-loss by a given particle per unit pathlength traversed through a given material NOTE
The following are consequence of the above definition: • collision stopping power: (electrons and positrons) average energy loss per unit pathlength due to inelastic Coulomb collisions with bound atomic electrons resulting in ionisation and excitation. • radiative stopping power: (electrons and positrons) average energy loss power unit pathlength due to emission of bremsstrahlung in the electric field of the atomic nucleus and of the atomic electrons. • electronic stopping power: (particles heavier than electrons) average energy loss SIST EN 16603-10-12:2014

It is normally represented by wT, and its actual values are defined by ICRP (see clause 11.2.2.3). 3.2.69 total ionising dose energy deposited per unit mass of material as a result of ionisation NOTE
The SI unit is the gray (see definition 3.2.34). However, the deprecated unit rad (radiation absorbed dose) is still used frequently (1 rad = 1 cGy). 3.3 Abbreviated terms For the purpose of this Standard, the abbreviated terms from ECSS-S-ST-00-01 and the following apply:
Abbreviation Meaning ADC analogue-to-digital converter ALARA as low as reasonably achievable APS active pixel sensor ASIC application specific integrated circuit BFO blood-forming organ BiCMOS bipolar complementary metal oxide semiconductor BJT bipolar junction transistor BRYNTRN Baryon transport model BTE Boltzmann transport equation CAM/CAF computerized anatomical man/male / computerized anatomical female CCD charge coupled device CCE charge collection efficiency CDR critical design review SIST EN 16603-10-12:2014

DDEF displacement damage equivalent fluence DDREF dose and dose rate effectiveness factor DNA deoxyribonucleic acid DOSRAD software to predict space radiation dose at system and equipment level DRAM dynamic random access memory DSP digital signal processing DUT device under test EEE electrical and electronic engineering EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read only memory EGS Electron Gamma Shower Monte Carlo radiation transport code ELDRS enhanced low dose-rate sensitivity EM engineering model EPIC European Photon Imaging Camera on the ESA X-ray Multi-Mirror (XMM) mission EPROM erasable programmable read only memory SIST EN 16603-10-12:2014

HZE particle of high atomic mass and high energy
IBIS Imager on Board the INTEGRAL Satellite IC integrated circuit ICRP International Commission on Radiobiological Protection ICRU International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements IGBT insulated gate bipolar transistor IML1 International Microgravity Laboratory 1 INTEGRAL International Gamma Ray Astrophysical Laboratory IR infrared IRPP integrated rectangular parallelepiped IRTS Integrated Radiation Transport Suite ISO Infrared Space Observatory ISOCAM ISO infrared Camera ISS Inte
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