EN 13128:2001

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-januar-2002
Safety of machine tools - Milling machines (including boring machines)
Safety of machine tools - Milling machines (including boring machines)
Sicherheit von Werkzeugmaschinen - Fräs- und Bohr-Fräsmaschinen
Sécurité des machines-outils - Fraiseuses (comprenant les aléseuses)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 13128:2001
ICS:
25.080.20 Frezalniki Boring and milling machines
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 13128
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
April 2001
ICS 25.080.20
English version
Safety of machine tools - Milling machines (including boring
machines)
Sécurité des machines-outils - Fraiseuses (comprenant les Sicherheit von Werkzeugmaschinen - Fräs- und Bohr-
aléseuses) Fräsmaschinen
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 March 2001.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2001 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 13128:2001 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Page 2
Contents
Foreword. 3
0 Introduction . 4
1 Scope. 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 List of significant hazards . 8
5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures. 12
6 Verification of safety requirements and/or measures . 26
7 Information for use. 26
Annex A (normative) Guards on milling machines - Impact test method. 28
Annex B (informative) Equipment for impact test. 31
Annex C (informative) Illustrative figures used as examples . 32
Annex D (informative) Noise emission measurement. 39
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship of this European Standard with EC Directives . 40
Bibliography . 41
Tables:
Table 1 – List of significant hazards and major sources of these hazards associated with milling machines . 9
Table 2 – List of safety requirements and/or protective measures and their verification procedures for manual
machines with continuous powered axis feedrates not exceeding 2 m/minute and/or a hold–to–run controlled
rapid traverse axis speed not exceeding 5 m/minute. 12
Table 3 – List of safety requirements and/or protective measures and their verification procedures for manual
machines with continuous powered axis speeds in excess of 2 m/minute or hold–to–run controlled rapid
traverse axis speed in excess of 5 m/minute. 13
Table 4 – List of safety requirements and/or protective measures and their verification procedures for
mechanical hazards associated with automatic machines . 13
Table 5 – List of safety requirements and/or protective measures and their verification procedures for hazards
other than those listed in tables 2, 3, and 4 . 17

Page 3
Foreword
This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 143 "Machine tools - Safety",
the secretariat of which is held by SNV.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2001, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by October 2001.
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and
the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EC Directive(s).
This standard has been prepared to provide one means of conforming with the essential requirements of the
Machinery Directive and associated EFTA regulations.
Annexe A is normative. Annexes B, C, D and ZA are informative. This Standard also contains a Bibliography.
For relationship with EC Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this standard.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

Page 4
0 Introduction
This European standard is a type C standard as stated in EN 292–1.
When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B standards, the
provisions of this type C standard take precedence.
Milling machines present a wide range of hazards, not least from their wide application as rotating tool,
'stationary' workpiece machine tools, for general purpose cutting of cold metal work material.
Protection of operators and other persons from contact with moving cutting tools, especially when being rapidly
rotated in the spindle or from contact with fast–moving workpieces, is of great importance.
When power–operated mechanisms are provided for workpiece transfer, they can also create hazardous
situations during loading/unloading and workpiece alignment or clamping.
On automatic milling machines, total enclosure of the work zone using guards during cutting is the preferred
method of safeguarding. Where this is not practicable (e.g. due to size of the workpiece, its geometry, or its
special characteristics), operators may be safeguarded by other means (e.g. perimeter fencing, protective
devices at the operating position). Operators may also benefit from pendant controls which enable them to
move about the machine.
The significant hazards covered by this standard are those listed in table 1. The safety requirements and/or
protective measures to prevent or minimize those hazards identified in table 1 and procedures for verification
of these requirements or measures are found in clause 5 (tables 2, 3, 4 and 5).
The figures in annex C are examples only and are not intended to illustrate the only interpretation of the text.

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1 Scope
1.1 This standard specifies the technical safety requirements and measures to be adopted by persons
undertaking the design, construction and supply (including installation and dismantling, with arrangements for
transport and maintenance) of milling machines (see 3.1) including machines capable of performing boring
operations (see 3.5).
Machines covered by this standard include but are not limited to:
– knee and column type milling machines (see figures C.1, C.2);
– bed–type milling machines (see figure C.3);
– multi–spindle milling machines (see figures C.4 and C.5);
– plano–milling machines (see figures C.4 and C.5);
– profile and contouring milling machines (see figure C.6),
– milling and boring machines (see figure C.7).
1.2 This standard takes account of intended use including reasonably foreseeable misuse, maintenance,
cleaning, and setting operations. It presumes access to the machine from all directions. It describes means to
reduce risks to operators and other exposed persons.
1.3 This standard also applies to workpiece transfer devices when they form an integral part of the machine.
1.4 This standard deals with significant hazards relevant to milling machines when they are used as intended
and under the conditions foreseen by the manufacturer (see clause 4).
1.5 Hazards arising from other metal working processes (e.g. grinding, turning, forming, EDM, laser
processing) are covered by other standards (see Bibliography).
1.6 Milling machines with automatic tool changing capabilities are not covered by this standard
(see prEN 12417:1996).
1.7 This standard is not applicable to milling machines which were manufactured before the date of publication
by CEN of this standard.
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications.
These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed
hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to
this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the
latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments).
EN 292-1: 1991 Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design - Part 1: Basic
terminology, methodology
Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design -
EN 292-2: 1991 and EN 292-2/A1:1995
Part 2: Technical principles and specifications
EN 294: 1992 Safety of machinery – Safety distances to prevent danger zones being reached by the
upper limbs
EN 349 Safety of machinery – Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body
Safety of machinery - Auditory danger signals - General requirements, design and testing
EN 457
(ISO 7731:1986 modified)
EN 574 Safety of machinery - Two hand control devices – Functional aspects – Principles for
design
EN 614 Safety of machinery - Ergonomic design principles –
Part 1 Terminology and general principles
Interaction between machinery design and work tasks
Part 2
Safety of machinery – Reduction of risks to health from hazardous substances emitted by
EN 626
machinery
EN 811 Safety of machinery – Safety distances to prevent danger zones being reached by the lower
limbs
Page 6
Safety of machinery –Ergonomics requirements and data for the design of displays
EN 894:
and control actuators-
Part 1:1997 Human interactions
Part 2:1997 Displays
Part 3:2000 Control actuators
Safety of machinery – Guards – General requirements for the design and
EN 953:1997
construction of fixed and movable guards
EN 954-1 Safety of machinery - Safety-related parts of control systems - Part l: General
principles for design
EN 982:1996 Safety of machinery - Safety requirements for fluid power systems and their
components - Hydraulics
Safety of machinery - Safety requirements for fluid power systems and their
EN 983:1996
components - Pneumatics
Safety of machinery – The positioning of protective equipment in respect of
EN 999
approach speeds of parts of the human body
prEN 1005:1998 Safety of machinery – Human physical performance –
Part 1: Terms and definitions
Part 2: Manual handling of heavy weights associated with machinery
Recommended force limits for machinery operation
Part 3:
Safety of machinery – Prevention of unexpected start-up
EN 1037:1995
EN 1050:1996 Safety of machinery - Principles for risk assessment
EN 1088:1995 Safety of machinery - Interlocking devices associated with guards – Principles for
design and selection
EN 1127–1:1997 Explosive atmospheres - Explosion prevention and protection – Part 1: Basic concepts an
methodology
Safety of machinery - Pressure sensitive protective devices – Part 1: General
EN 1760–1:1997
principles for the design and testing of pressure sensitive mats and pressure
sensitive floors
EN 1837 Safety of machinery – Integral lighting of machines
EN 60825-1:1994 + A11:1996 Safety of laser products – Equipment classification, requirements and user’s
guide
EN ISO 3744:1995 Acoustics – Determination of sound power level of noise sources using sound
pressure – Engineering method in an essentially free field over a reflecting plane
Acoustics – Determination of sound power level of noise sources using sound
EN ISO 3746:1995
pressure – Survey method using an enveloping measurement surface over a
reflecting plane
EN ISO 4871 Acoustics – Declaration and verification of noise emission values of machinery
and equipment
EN ISO 9614-1:1995 Acoustics – Determination of sound power level of noise sources using sound
intensity – Part 1: Measurement at discrete points
Acoustics – Noise emitted by machinery and equipment – Measurement method
EN ISO 11202:1995
of emission sound power levels at the work station and at other specified
positions – Survey method in situ
EN ISO 11204:1995 Acoustics - Noise emitted by machinery and equipment – Method requiring
environmental corrections
EN ISO 11688-1 Acoustics – Recommended practice for the design of low–noise machinery and
equipment - Part 1: Planning
Acoustics – Recommended practice for the design of low–noise machinery and
ISO/TR 11688-2:1998
equipment - Part 2: Introduction to the physics of low-noise design
EN 14122: 2001 Permanent means of access to machines and industrial plants
Part 2: Working platforms and gangways
Part 3: Stairways, stepladders and guard-rails
Safety of machinery - Fire prevention and protection
prEN 13478:1999
Safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines - Part 1: General
EN 60204-1:1997
requirements
EN 60529:1991 Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)
EN 61496-1:1997 Safety of machinery - Electrosensitive protective equipment - Part 1 - General
requirements and tests
Page 7
Safety of machinery – Electro-sensitive protective equipment –
prEN 61496-2:1997
Part 2: Particular requirements for equipment using active opto-electronic protective
devices
EN 50081-2 Electromagnetic compatibility - Generic emission standard –
Part 2: Industrial environment
EN 61000-6-2 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 6-2: Generic standards - Immunity for
industrial environments
(IEC 61000-6-2:1999)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply. For other terms and definitions,
see EN 292–1, EN 292–2/A1.
3.1
milling machine
a machine designed to shape cold metal by the use of a rotating cutting tool.
3.1.1
manual milling machine
a machine where axis motion is controlled through the actuation of a handwheel or where powered single–axis
motion is controlled by mechanical, electrical, or other means but without the capability for programmed
multiple axis movements.
3.1.2
automatic milling machine
a machine capable of performing programmed multiple axis movements.
3.2
boring machine
a machine designed to perform boring operations (see 3.5). Such machines are normally capable of milling
operations.
3.3
numerical control (computer numerical control) (NC, CNC)
automatic control of a process performed by a device that makes use of numeric data introduced while the
operation is in progress. (ISO 2806:1994, 2.1.1)
3.4
workpiece transfer device
a mechanism integrated with the machine (e.g. pallet changing device) as a means of supplying a previously
loaded workpiece to a machine in exchange for a finished workpiece.
3.5
boring operation
the process of finishing to size previously formed holes in cold metal normally by the use of a rotating single–
point tool using powered axial feed.
3.6
work zone
the space where the metal cutting process can take place.
3.7
electronic handwheel
a manually operated control device which initiates and maintains an axis movement by pulse generation input
to the numerical control during its rotation.

Page 8
4 List of significant hazards
4.1 The list of hazards contained in table 1 is the result of a hazard identification and risk assessment
carried out as described by EN 1050, for the wide range of milling machines covered by the scope of this
standard. The safety requirements and/or measures and information for use contained in clauses 5 and 7 are
based on the risk assessment and deal with the identified hazards by either eliminating them or reducing the
effects of the risks they generate.
4.2 The risk assessment assumes foreseeable access from all directions, as well as unexpected start–up.
Risks to both the operators and other persons who can have access to the hazard zones are identified, taking
into account hazards which can occur under various conditions (e.g. commissioning, set–up, production,
maintenance, repair, decommissioning) during the life of the machine. The assessment includes an analysis of
the effect of failure in the control system.
4.3 In addition, the user of this standard (i.e. the designer, manufacturer, supplier) shall validate that the
risk assessment is complete for the machine under consideration with particular attention to:
– the intended use of the machine including maintenance, setting and cleaning, and its reasonably
foreseeable misuse;
– the identification of the significant hazards associated with the machine.

Page 9
Table 1 – List of significant hazards and major sources of these hazards associated with milling
machines
Description Example(s) of related Associated activity Related danger zone Clause 5
*
hazardous situation(s) Reference
1. Mechanical hazards:
1.1 Crushing moving axes, workpiece setting, loading/ between fixed and Tables 2, 3;
and tool clamping unloading, moving elements of or
maintenance the machine Table 4
moving axes maintenance within pits and
movement of operating normal operation, at or near machine Table 5 –
platforms maintenance 1.1 – 1.5
1.2 Shearing moving axes machine operation between tool/ spindle
and table/ workpiece
1.3 Cutting or severing spindle or tool running spindle running at spindle or tool
or cutting
1.4 Entanglement rotating spindle or tool workpiece at spindle or tool
load/unload, posi-
removal of swarf/chips
tional adjustment,
manual swarf/chip
removal, cutting fluid
application
other rotating parts (e.g. setting, cleaning, swarf/chip collection
conveyors, transmission maintenance and discharge zones,
elements) transmission
elements
1.5 Drawing–in or trapping rapid travel of table or power–operated envelope of
spindle head motion of workpiece movement of work-
on table or tool in piece on table axes;
spindle envelope of move-
ment of tool in spindle
head
rotating power maintenance in or around machine
transmission
mechanisms
1.6 Impact moving/rotating tool spindle running at spindle or tool
automatic workpiece power-operated envelope of motion of
transfer (e.g. pallet workpiece transfer workpiece and work-
loading system) piece transfer
mechanisms
1.7 Stabbing or puncture moving/rotating tool process control at tool in spindle
(especially eccentric
tools)
Page 10
• Description Example(s) of related Associated activity Related danger zone Clause 5
hazardous situation(s) Reference
1.7 Stabbing or puncture handling tools during manual tool at sharp cutter faces (see 7.2 of
change clause 7)
handling swarf/chips during loading/ at workpiece, table, (see 7.2 of
unloading and and swarf /chip clause 7)
cleaning collecting and
discharge zones
2 :
Electrical hazards
2.1 Contact of persons contact with live parts or during electrical cabinet, Table 5: 2.1
with live parts (direct connections commissioning, terminal boxes,
contact) maintenance, trouble control panels at
shooting machine
2.2 Contact of persons contact with live parts or during operation, at machine or faulty Table 5: 2.2
with parts which have connections inspection and part
become live under maintenance of
faulty conditions machine
(indirect contact)
4 Hazards generated by noise:
4.1 Hearing loss motion of power during operating cycle near machine Table 5: 4
(deafness), other transmission elements, of machine
physiological cutting processes and
fluid power systems
disorders (e.g. loss of
balance, loss of
awareness)
4.2 Interference with air blast used for during operating cycle near machine Table 5: 4
speech cleaning of tool, pallet of machine
communication, or workpiece locations
acoustical signals
Hazards generated by radiation
6.5 Lasers direct or reflected visual maintenance of laser within machine Table 5: 6.5
exposure to laser positional feedback
radiation system
7 Hazards generated by materials and substances
7.1 Hazards from contact conditions near machine during operating cycle at or near machine Table 5: 7.1
with or inhalation of caused by ejection of of the machine
harmful fluids, gases, particles of work
mists, fumes, and material, fluid droplets
dusts or mist from metal
working fluids
7.2 Fire or explosion flammable work during operating cycle at or near machine Table 5: 7.2
material, flammable (low of the machine
flash point) metal
working fluids
7.3 Biological or micro– contact with hydraulic or during operation, at or near machine Table 5: 7.3
biological (viral or metal working fluid as process control, and
bacterial) hazards liquid or mist containing maintenance
detritus and bacteria
8 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles in the design process
8.1 Unhealthy postures or lifting and reaching while during loading/ at load/unload and Table 5: 8.1
excessive effort handling workpiece, unloading, process tool mounting
(repetitive strain) tools, and machine parts control, and positions,
maintenance maintenance action
points
8.2 Inadequate inappropriate location of during loading/ at load/unload and Table 5: 8.2
consideration of hand- controls unloading, process tool mounting
arm or foot-leg control, and positions,
anatomy maintenance maintenance action
points
Page 11
* Description Example(s) of related Associated activity Related danger zone Clause 5
hazardous situation(s) Reference
8.4 Inadequate local judgement and accuracy during loading at load/unload, tool Table 5: 8.4
lighting of manual actions im- /unloading, process mounting positions
paired during handling/ control, tool handling
positioning of work
materials and cutters
8.6 Human errors, human reasonably foreseeable during loading/ at load/unload, tool Table 5: 8.6
behaviour misuse, inadvertent unloading, process mounting positions
operation of controls, control, tool handling
incorrect work material
and cutter handling and
setting
8.7 Inadequate design, inadvertent operation of during setting, at or near machine Table 5: 8.7
location or identification controls operating cycle
of manual controls
8.8 Inadequate design or misinterpretation of during setting, at or near machine Table 5: 8.8
location of visual displayed information operating cycle
display units
10 Unexpected start-up, unexpected overrun/ overspeed:
10.1 Failure/disorder of the mechanical hazards during setting, at machine Table 5: 10.1
control system associated with selected cleaning
machine movement
10.2 Restoration of energy unexpected movements of during setting, at or near machine Table 5: 10.2
supply after an machine cleaning or
interruption maintenance
10.3 External influences on unpredictable behaviour of during setting or at or near machine Table 5: 10.3
the electrical equipment electronic controls due to operating cycle of the
electromagnetic machine
interference
13 Failure of the power malfunctions of the control during operation, at machine where Table 5: 13
with consequent process control, machine elements
supply
misapplication of stored maintenance retained in a safe
energy or power. Power condition by the
workholding fails, motor application of power or
overspeed. Part break- fluid pressure.
age causes machine
elements to move under
residual forces (inertia,
gravity, spring/ energy
storage means) causing
external elements to move
unexpectedly
14 Failure of the control Unexpected movements during setting, at or near machine Table 5: 14
circuit of machine cleaning or
maintenance
15 Errors of fitting machine elements fail or during process con- at machine Table 5: 15
swing unexpectedly trol, tool mounting,
maintenance
17 ejection of machine parts, during the operating at or near machine Table 5: 17
Falling or ejected
workpiece or tools caused cycle of the machine
objects or fluids
by clamping device,
control system failures or
collision due to data errors
18 Loss of stability, unrestrained machine or during loading/ un- at machine Table 5: 18
machine part (maintained loading and process
overturning of
in position by gravity), control, at heavy
machinery
falls or overturns /unwieldy workpieces
during maintenance
(disassembly/
relocation)
19 Slip , trip, and fall of ejection or spillage of during workpiece machine table, floor Table 5: 19
persons metal working fluids and load/unload, setting, area around machine
lubricants (also hydraulic process control and and workpiece;
fluid if used); work at maintenance; work at permanent means of
heights heights; work to access to the machine
replenish fluids (e.g.
lubricants)
* This list is derived from annex A of EN 1050: 1996.

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5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures
5.1 General requirements
Machines covered by the scope of this standard shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective
measures of this clause.
In addition, the machine shall be designed according to the principles of EN 292 for hazards relevant but not
significant which are not dealt with by this standard.
5.2 Specific requirements
Each machine type shall be designed and safeguarded in accordance with the specific requirements and/or
protective measures listed in tables 2, 3 or 4 and the relevant requirements and/or protective measures of
table 5.
Manual machines with continuous powered axis feedrates not exceeding 2 m/min and/or a
Table 2
hold–to–run controlled rapid traverse axis speed not exceeding 5 m/min
Table 3 Manual machines with continuous powered axis speeds in excess of 2 m/min or hold–to–run
controlled rapid traverse axis speed in excess of 5 m/min
Table 4 Automatic machines (mechanical hazards)
Table 5 Manual and automatic machines (hazards other than those listed in tables 2, 3, and 4)
NOTE General guidance for the design and selection of safeguards, where the hazards from moving parts cannot be
avoided by design is given in 4.1, 4.2 and table 1 of EN 292-2: 1991.
Table 2 – List of safety requirements and/or protective measures and their verification procedures for
manual machines with continuous powered axis feedrates not exceeding 2 m/min and/or a hold–to–
run controlled rapid traverse axis speed not exceeding 5 m/min
Hazard Safety requirement and/or protective measure Verification
1. Mechanical
1.1 Work zone
by visual inspection
Adjustable cutter guard(s) or adjustable guards mounted to the
of the machine
machine table shall be provided to inhibit access to the cutting tool (see
figures C.8 and C.9) . Guards shall be in accordance with EN 953:1997.
1.2 Provision for interlocked guards
by visual inspection
Since some applications require the user to fit an interlocked movable
of the machine and
guard, all machines shall be provided with an electrical interface to
examination of
connect a guard interlock .
circuit diagrams
NOTE Crushing, shearing and impact hazards are not normally considered significant for low–feedrate manual milling
machines covered by table 2.
Page 13
Table 3 – List of safety requirements and/or protective measures and their verification procedures for
manual machines with continuous powered axis speeds in excess of 2 m/min or hold–to–run
controlled rapid traverse axis speed in excess of 5 m/min
Hazard Safety requirement and/or protective measure Verification
1. Mechanical
1.1 Work zone
1.1.1 Guarding
visual and practical
Work zone shall be guarded with fixed and/or interlocked movable
guard(s) (see figure C.9). Guards shall be in accordance with checks
EN 953:1997.
NOTE EN 294 provides guidance on distances to prevent danger
zones being reached by upper limbs. However, due to practical
considerations of guard heights and vertical table movements, it may
not be possible to comply fully with the requirements of EN 294.
1.1.2 Interlocking
Machine movements shall only be possible when the interlocked
examination of
movable guard(s) are closed. Interlocking devices shall be in
circuit diagrams.
accordance with EN 1088:1995. Opening of an interlocked movable
guard shall cause the hazardous movements to cease and be inhibited.
check to ensure that
The stop category shall be 0 in accordance with 9.2.5.3 of
the hazardous
EN 60204-1:1997 except for mechanisms requiring a sequenced
moving parts are
shutdown where a category 1 stop shall be implemented. Guard locking
not accessible when
(see EN 1088: 1995, 7.4) shall be provided when opening of the
the interlocking
interlocked movable guard provides access to these hazards during
guard is opened.
deceleration (i.e. run-down).
1.1.3 Provisions for setting
When powered machine movements are required with the movable
measurements shall
guard open (e.g. for setting purposes), these movements shall only be
be made to ensure
permitted under the following conditions: that specified
a) axis movements limited to 2m/min initiated with a hold–to–run
speeds and/or
control device distances are not
b) spindle rotation shall be initiated and maintained by one of the
exceeded.
following means:
– a hold–to–run control device;
– a spindle start device together with an enabling device.
The spindle speed shall be limited to that capable of being
stopped within two (2) spindle revolutions (no load condition).
This reduced speed function shall be in accordance with table 5,
14.
c) swarf/chip conveyor if provided, under hold–to–run control or
other suitable protective devices.
1.2 Protection against impact
Fixed and/or interlocked movable guard(s) shall be provided to prevent
visual inspection
access to moving machine elements with linear speeds greater than 15
m/min; for safety distances, see EN 294, EN 811.
Table 4 – List of safety requirements and/or protective measures and their verification procedures for
mechanical hazards associated with automatic machines
Hazards Safety requirement and/or protective measure Verification
1 Mechanical 1.1 Work zone
1.1.1 Primary safeguards
Visual inspection
The work zones of automatic machines shall be safeguarded. The
guarding arrangements shall be designed to prevent access to
hazardous situations.
NOTE General guidance for the design selection of safeguards, where
the hazards from moving parts cannot be avoided by design is given in
4.1, 4.2 and table 1 of EN 292-2: 1991.
For the purposes of this clause,
1) all protective equipment shall be in accordance with the following: in
accordance with EN 61496-1:1997 (ESPE), in accordance with prEN
61496-2:1997, category 4 (AOPD), in accordance with
EN 61496-1:1997 (PSPD).
2) Guards shall be in accordance with EN 953:1997, and interlocking
devices shall be in accordance with EN 1088:1995.

Page 14
Hazards Safety requirement and/or protective measure Verification
1 Mechanical 1.1.2 Guarding strategies
(continued)
Visual inspection,
1.1.2.1 General
assessment
The work zone shall be enclosed where possible by fixed and/or
interlocked movable guards during machining operations. Where
enclosure is not reasonably practicable (e.g. due to the size of the
workpiece, its geometry, other special characteristics of the machine or
its application), operators and other exposed persons shall be
safeguarded by a combination of other means (e.g. protected operator
position (cabin), perimeter guarding, other protective devices).
Visual inspection
1.1.2.2 Enclosure
Examination of
Where reasonably practicable, work zone guarding shall be fixed to the
drawings
structure of the machine (see 3.2.1 of EN 953: 1997) (see also guard
characteristics below and figures C.10 (a), (b), (c)).
Visual inspection
1.1.2.3 Alternatives to enclosures
Access to the work zone, by the operator, from the normal (fixed)
operating position shall be prevented by local guarding (typically
forming a cabin - see figure C.10(d)). Access to the cabin shall not
require entry into the hazard zone enclosed by perimeter fencing or
other protective devices. Where this is not possible because of the
machine configuration or other operating constraints, the access route
to the operating position shall not require approach to hazardous
situations.
Where the machine operator requires access to the work zone from the
protected (fixed) operating position (cabin) e.g. for setting purposes or
process control, the cabin shall be designed so that access is via an
interlocked movable guard from within the cabin. Alternatively the
movement of a pendant control from the cabin position shall have the
same effect as the interlocked guard above. Operation of the machine
in mode 1 (automatic cycle) shall only be possible when the pendant
control (above) is relocated in the cabin. Any other powered movement
of machine elements shall only be achieved by selection of the
appropriate operating mode (see operating modes below).
Access to the work zone by persons other than the machine operator Visual inspection,
shall be prevented by perimeter fencing and/or other means (e.g. conformance to
electrosensitive protective equipment (ESPE), active-opto electronic drawings/
protective devices (AOPDs), pressure sensitive protective devices specifications
(PSPDs). Where access points (e.g. gates), are provided they shall be
interlocked. Where interlocking is not possible because of the particular
machine configuration and application, any non interlocked access
points shall be within the visual field of the operator(s) from the normal
working position. Where it is foreseen that the machine will be operated
unattended, for some or all of the operating cycle, other means of
access control (e.g. key pad operated locks), shall be provided to
prevent unauthorised access.
Visual inspection,
1.1.3 Multiple work zones
Where more than one work zone is provided on a single machine, functional test to
ensure compliance,
safeguards(e.g. fixed or movable interlocked guards, AOPD, ESPE)
shall protect the operator(s) from adjacent active work zone hazards conformance to
(e.g. when loading or unloading workpieces in a non-active work zone, drawings/
cleaning). specifications
Unauthorised movement of the machine into an adjacent non-active
work zone shall be prevented using a limiting device. (eg mechanical
stops, range limit switches, light beams, AOPDs).
1.1.4 Guard Characteristics
1.1.4.1 Height and Position Measurements to
ensure compliance
Where guards are floor mounted (e.g. perimeter fencing), they shall be
securely fixed and have a minimum height of 1,4 m at a distance in with EN 294
accordance with table 2 of EN 294: 1992 from the hazard zone. Any
opening between the bottom of the guard and the floor shall not exceed
300 mm.
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Hazards Safety requirement and/or protective measure Verification
1 Mechanical Practical check
1.1.4.2 Containment
(continued)
Guards shall be designed to contain and/or prevent exposure to
swarf/chips, fluids and parts that can be discharged or ejected (see also
7.1.4 mist and vapour, 17.1 fluids mists and 17.2 ejection, 19.2
contamination of floors etc., in table 5).
1.1.4.3 Observation Visual inspection
Where routine observation of the machine operation is required, means
(e.g. windows) shall be provided so that this can be achieved without
the need to open, remove or suspend any work zone guard or other
protective device(s) (see also 8.4 lighting, in table 5).
1.1.5 Interlocking
1.1.5.1 All movable guards through which frequent access to the work Visual inspection,
zone is required (i.e. more than once per shift) shall be interlocked. practical check
Opening of a guard or actuation of a protective device in mode 1
(automatic cycle - see below) shall cause hazardous movements to
stop and further movement to be inhibited (see EN 1037). Measures to
minimise the possible defeat of interlocking device(s) shall be taken
(see clauses 5 and 7 of EN 1088: 1995).
1.1.5.2 If opening of an interlocking movable guard exposes operators Practical check
to hazards listed from 1.1 to 1.7 of table 1, guard locking shall be
provided (see EN 1088 and also 7.2.m) of clause 7).
1.1.6 Modes of operation
Visual inspection,
1.1.6.1 General
Each machine shall have at least two modes of operation (i.e. modes 1 practical check
and 2) with the option of a third mode (i.e. mode 3). The selection of a
mode of operation shall be either by key switch, access code or equally
secure means and shall only be permitted from outside the work zone.
Selection of a mode shall not initiate hazardous situations.
1.1.6.2 Mode 1 - Automatic cycle [automatic production] Practical check
The guards shall be closed and/or the protective devices be active to
permit execution of programmed sequential machine operation under
numerical control.
1.1.6.3 Mode 2 – Setting
Setting mode is a mode of operation in which adjustments for the
subsequent machining process are performed by the operator.
NOTE Assessment of tool or workpiece position, e.g. by touching the
workpiece with a probe or tool, and programme sequence checking,
belong to the setting mode.
When any interlocked movable guard is open or a protective device is
suspended, powered machine movements shall only be permitted under
the following conditions:
a) Axis movements at a maximum rate of 2 m/min or a maximum Measurement
increment of 10 mm.
These movements shall be selected one axis at a time and may be Practical check
initiated and maintained by one of the following means:
– a hold-to-run control device;
– an electronic handwheel;
– manual data input (MDI) followed by cycle start together with
an enabling device.
b) Spindle speed shall be limited by its stopping performance which Measurement
shall not exceed 2 revolutions.
Spindle rotation shall only be initiated and maintained by one of the Practical check
following means:
– a hold-to-run control device
– a spindle start control device together with an enabling device.
Release of an enabling device shall initiate a category 1 stop in
accordance with 9.2.2 of EN 60204-1:1997.
c) The limits of speed or incremental distance [defined in a) and b)Examination of
above] shall be monitored and if exceeded, the power to the drives shallcircuit diagrams,
be removed by a controlled stop (Category 1 - see 9.2.2 of practical check
EN 60204-1: 1997).
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Hazards Safety requirement and/or protective measure Verification
1 Mechanical d) Means shall be provided to prevent hazardous movement of vertical Practical check
(continued) or slant axes under gravity.
e) Automatic workpiece changing mechanisms shall remain inhibited. Practical check
Initiation of their automatic movement shall only be possible by
reselection of mode 1.
Exception: For maintenance in mode 2 only, the provisions contained in Practical check
1.1 of table 5 shall be permitted.
f) Unguarded swarf/chip conveyor movements shall only be initiated Visual inspection,
and maintained by a hold-to-run control device. examination of
circuit diagrams
g) Where multiple hold-to-run control device locations are provided (e.g. Practical check
main control station, hand-held pendant), only one shall be functional at
a time.
1.1.6.4 Mode 3 - Optional mode for manual intervention under
restricted operating conditions
When provided, this mode permits use of the machine under manual or
numerical control with work zone guards open and/or protective devices
suspended under the following conditions:
a) This mode shall only be provided when details of the intended Visual inspection (of
application are known and the required skill level of operators shall be Instruction
defined in the instruction handbook (see 7.2 f) and g) of clause 7). handbook)
b) Single axis and multiple axis vector speeds shall be limited to Measurement
5m/min.
c) Spindle speed shall be limited by its stopping performance which Measurement
shall not exceed 5 revolutions.
NOTE 1 In order to achieve this stopping requirement it may be
necessary to provide tool diameter identification or measurement
systems to limit the permitted speed of the spindle for each tool used.
NOTE 2 Alternative solutions to this clause have been considered
during the development of this standard but no firm conclusions have
been reached. This particular problem will be re-visited in a future
revision of this standard.
d) Program execution shall be initiated by cycle start control device in Practical check
conjunction with an enabling device;
e) Non-programmed movements shall be achieved as follows:
1) Spindle rotation shall be initiated and maintained by a spindle start Examination of
control device together with an enabling device. circuit diagrams,
practical test
Release of an enabling device shall initiate a category 1 stop in
accordance with 9.2.2 of EN 60204-1, 1997.
2) Axis movements may be initiated and maintained by one of the Practical check
following means:
– a hold-to-run control device
– an electronic handwheel
– manual data input (MDI) followed by cycle start together with
an enabling device.
f) The limits of speed or incremental distance [defined in b) and c) Practical check
above] shall be monitored and if exceeded, the power to the drives shall
be removed by a controlled stop (category 1 – see 9.2.2 of EN 60204-1:
1997).
g) The requirements d), e), f) and g) of mode 2 in 1.1.6.3 also apply. See 1.1.6.3 d), e), f)
and g).
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Hazards Safety requirement and/or protective measure Verification
1 Mechanical
1.1.7 Release of trapped persons
(concluded)
Means shall be provided for the movement of machine axes for Visual inspection,
verification against
emergency purposes (e.g. release of trapped persons). These means
are for example: circuit diagrams,
practical check
a) With power off:
- manually operated relief valves to depressurise
systems under pressure;
- manual release of power-
...