EN ISO 3452-2:2006

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-januar-2007
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN ISO 3452-2:2001
Neporušitveno preskušanje - Penetrantski preskusi - 2. del: Preskušanje
penetrantskih snovi (ISO 3452-2:2006)
Non-destructive testing - Penetrant testing - Part 2: Testing of penetrant materials (ISO
3452-2:2006)
Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung - Eindringprüfung - Teil 2: Prüfung von Eindringprüfmitteln (ISO
3452-2:2006)
Essais non destructifs - Examen par ressuage - Partie 2: Essais des produits de
ressuage (ISO 3452-2:2006)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 3452-2:2006
ICS:
19.100 Neporušitveno preskušanje Non-destructive testing
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 3452-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
August 2006
ICS 19.100 Supersedes EN ISO 3452-2:2000
English Version
Non-destructive testing - Penetrant testing - Part 2: Testing of
penetrant materials (ISO 3452-2:2006)
Essais non destructifs - Examen par ressuage - Partie 2: Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung - Eindringprüfung - Teil 2: Prüfung
Essais des produits de ressuage (ISO 3452-2:2006) von Eindringprüfmitteln (ISO 3452-2:2006)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 August 2006.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
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EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 3452-2:2006: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Foreword
This document (EN ISO 3452-2:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 138
"Non-destructive testing", the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR, in collaboration with
Technical Committee ISO/TC 135 "Non-destructive testing".

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of
an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2007, and conflicting national
standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2007.

This document supersedes EN ISO 3452-2:2000.

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of
the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 3452-2
Second edition
2006-08-15
Non-destructive testing — Penetrant
testing —
Part 2:
Testing of penetrant materials
Essais non destructifs — Examen par ressuage —
Partie 2: Essais des produits de ressuage

Reference number
ISO 3452-2:2006(E)
©
ISO 2006
ISO 3452-2:2006(E)
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ii © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

ISO 3452-2:2006(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 1
4 Classification. 2
4.1 Testing products. 2
4.2 Sensitivity levels. 2
5 Testing of penetrant materials . 3
5.1 Testing facilities. 3
5.2 Reporting . 3
5.3 Tests. 4
6 Test methods and requirements . 6
6.1 Appearance . 6
6.2 Penetrant system sensitivity . 6
6.3 Density . 11
6.4 Viscosity . 11
6.5 Flashpoint. 12
6.6 Washability (Method A penetrants). 12
6.7 Fluorescent brightness . 12
6.8 UV stability . 13
6.9 Thermal stability of fluorescent brightness.13
6.10 Water tolerance . 13
6.11 Corrosive properties. 14
6.12 Content of sulfur and halogens (for products designated low in sulfur and halogens) . 17
6.13 Residue on evaporation/solid content. 18
6.14 Penetrant tolerance . 18
6.15 Developer performance. 18
6.16 Redispersability . 18
6.17 Density of carrier liquid. 19
6.18 Product performance (pressurized containers) . 19
6.19 Particle size distribution . 19
6.20 Water content . 19
7 Packaging and labelling. 19
Annex A (normative) Comparison of fluorescent brightness. 20
Annex B (normative) Process control tests . 22
Annex C (informative) Equipment for determination of the visibility of fluorescent indications . 31
Bibliography . 32

ISO 3452-2:2006(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 3452-2 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee
CEN/TC 138, Non-destructive testing, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 135, Non-destructive
testing, Subcommittee SC 2, Surface methods, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation
between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 3452-2:2000), which has been technically
revised.
ISO 3452 consists of the following parts, under the general title Non-destructive testing — Penetrant testing:
⎯ General principles
⎯ Part 2: Testing of penetrant materials
⎯ Part 3: Reference test blocks
⎯ Part 4: Equipment
iv © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 3452-2:2006(E)

Non-destructive testing — Penetrant testing —
Part 2:
Testing of penetrant materials
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS — The materials required by this part of ISO 3452 include chemicals which
may be harmful, flammable and/or volatile. All necessary precautions shall be observed. All relevant
International, national and local regulations pertaining to health and safety, environmental
requirements, etc. shall be observed.
1 Scope
This part of ISO 3452 specifies the technical requirements and test procedures for penetrant materials for their
type testing and batch testing. It also details on-site control tests and methods.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3059, Non-destructive testing — Penetrant testing and magnetic particle testing — Viewing conditions
ISO 3452-3, Non-destructive testing — Penetrant testing — Part 3: Reference test blocks
ISO 12706, Non-destructive testing — Terminology — Terms used in penetrant testing
ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories
EN 571-1, Non-destructive testing — Penetrant testing — Part 1: General principles
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12706, EN 571-1 and the following
apply.
3.1
batch
quantity of material produced at one operation having uniform properties throughout and with a unique
identifying number or mark
3.2
candidate
sample of the testing product submitted for evaluation in accordance with this part of ISO 3452
ISO 3452-2:2006(E)
4 Classification
4.1 Testing products
Penetrant testing products shall be classified by type, method and form in accordance with Table 1.
Table 1 — Testing products
Penetrant Excess penetrant remover Developer
Type Denomination Method Denomination Form Denomination
I Fluorescent penetrant A Water a Dry
II Colour contrast penetrant B Lipophilic emulsifier: b Water soluble
1 Oil-based emulsifier
2 Rinsing with running water c Water suspendible
C Solvent (liquid):
Class 1 Halogenated
Dual-purpose (fluorescent Solvent-based (non-aqueous
III
d
colour contrast penetrant) for Type I)
Class 2 Non-halogenated
Class 3 Special application
D Hydrophilic emulsifier:
1 Optional pre-rinse (water)
Solvent-based (non-aqueous
e
for Types II and III)
2 Emulsifier (water-diluted)
3 Final rise (water)
E Water and solvent f Special application
4.2 Sensitivity levels
4.2.1 General
Sensitivity levels shall be defined separately for penetrant, excess penetrant remover and developer, and for
product families.
4.2.2 Fluorescent product family
Sensitivity levels for this product family shall be defined by reference products:
⎯ sensitivity level 1/2 (ultra-low);
⎯ sensitivity level 1 (low);
⎯ sensitivity level 2 (medium);
⎯ sensitivity level 3 (high);
⎯ sensitivity level 4 (ultra-high).
2 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

ISO 3452-2:2006(E)
4.2.3 Colour contrast product family
Sensitivity levels for this product family shall be defined using the type 1 reference block in accordance with
ISO 3452-3:
⎯ sensitivity level 1 (normal);
⎯ sensitivity level 2 (high).
4.2.4 Dual-purpose product family
There are no sensitivity levels for dual-purpose penetrants. Classification may be carried out as for colour
contrast systems (see 4.2.3).
5 Testing of penetrant materials
5.1 Testing facilities
5.1.1 Type testing
Type testing shall be carried out on penetrant materials according to EN 571-1 to ensure their conformance to
the requirements of this part of ISO 3452.
Type testing shall be carried out by a laboratory accredited in accordance with ISO/IEC 17025 for type testing
of penetrant materials.
5.1.2 Batch testing
Batch testing to the requirements of this part of ISO 3452 shall be carried out on each production batch
according to EN 571-1 to ensure the batch has the same properties as the corresponding type approval
sample. In the case of penetrant material packed in spray cans, the content of sulfur and halogens shall be
additionally determined according to 6.12.
Batch testing shall be carried out under a defined and maintained quality system. A system meeting the
requirements of ISO 9001 is considered suitable.
5.1.3 Process control testing
Process control testing shall be carried out or commissioned by the user in accordance with EN 571-1 and
ISO 3452-3.
5.2 Reporting
5.2.1 Type testing
The testing laboratory (see 5.1.1) shall provide a certificate of compliance with this part of ISO 3452 and a
report that details the results obtained.
If any changes are made to the penetrant material composition, then a new type test and product identity shall
be required.
ISO 3452-2:2006(E)
5.2.2 Batch testing
Manufacturers of penetrant materials shall provide certificates of compliance with this part of ISO 3452 (for
example, see EN 10204).
5.2.3 Process and control testing
Results obtained shall be recorded (see Annex B).
5.3 Tests
5.3.1 Penetrants
Type and batch testing of penetrant properties shall be carried out in accordance with Table 2.
Table 2 — Properties of penetrants and required tests
Property Test type Use test method according to
Appearance Batch 6.1
Sensitivity Type and batch 6.2
Density Type and batch 6.3
Viscosity Type and batch 6.4
Flashpoint Type and batch 6.5
Washability (Method A penetrants only) Batch 6.6
Fluorescent brightness (Type I penetrants) Type and batch 6.7
UV stability (Type I penetrants) Type 6.8
Thermal stability (Type I penetrants) Type 6.9
Water tolerance (Method A penetrants only) Type 6.10
Corrosive properties Type and batch 6.11
a
Content of sulfur and halogens Type and batch 6.12
Water content (Methods A and E) Batch 6.20
Other contaminants on request (as required) Batch
a
Only required for products designated “low in sulfur and halogens”.
5.3.2 Excess penetrant removers (excluding method A)
Type and batch testing of penetrant remover properties shall be carried out in accordance with Table 3.
4 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

ISO 3452-2:2006(E)
Table 3 — Properties of excess penetrant removers and required tests
Property Test type Use test method according to
Appearance Batch 6.1
Sensitivity Type and batch 6.2
Density Type and batch 6.3
Viscosity (for Methods B and D only) Type and batch 6.4
Flashpoint Type and batch 6.5
Water tolerance (Method B only) Type and batch 6.10
Corrosive properties Type and batch 6.11
a
Content of sulfur and halogens Type and batch 6.12
Residue on evaporation/solid content Type and batch 6.13
Penetrant tolerance (Methods B and D only) Type 6.14
Water content (Method B only) Batch 6.20
Other contaminants on request (as required) Batch
a
Only required for products designated “low in sulfur and halogens”.
5.3.3 Developers
Type and batch testing of developer properties shall be carried out in accordance with Table 4.
Table 4 — Properties of developers and required tests
Property Test type Use test method according to
Appearance Batch 6.1
Sensitivity Type and batch 6.2
Flashpoint (Form d only) Type and batch 6.5
Corrosive properties (except Form a) Type and batch 6.11
a
Content of sulfur and halogens Type and batch 6.12
Solid content (Form d only) Type and batch 6.13
Developer performance (except Form e) Type and batch 6.15
Re-dispersability (Forms c and d only) Type and batch 6.16
Density (of carrier liquid) (Form d only) Type and batch 6.17
Particle size distribution Type 6.19
Other contaminants on request (as required) Batch
a
Only required for products designated “low in sulfur and halogens”.
5.3.4 Batch tests for spray cans
Batch testing shall be carried out in accordance with the product performance test given in 6.18.
The first and last containers, and a container from the middle, of the batch shall be tested. Where testing for
content of sulfur and halogens in accordance with 6.12 is appropriate, only the first container need be tested.
ISO 3452-2:2006(E)
6 Test methods and requirements
6.1 Appearance
The appearance of the sample shall be the same as that of the type test sample.
6.2 Penetrant system sensitivity
6.2.1 Fluorescent penetrants (Type I)
6.2.1.1 Qualification provisions
6.2.1.1.1 Penetrants (Type I)
Method A (water washable) penetrants and Methods B and D (post-emulsifiable) penetrants/emulsifiers shall
be qualified with the appropriate reference dry developer D-1. Method C penetrants shall be qualified either on
the basis of their performance as Method A, B, or D materials, or, alternatively, with the appropriate reference
remover R-1 and reference dry developer D-1 (see Table 5).
Table 5 — Reference material designation
Designation
Reference material
Method A Methods B, C and D
Penetrant, Type I, Level ½ FP-1/2
Penetrant, Type I, Level 1 FP-1W FP-1PE
Penetrant, Type I, Level 2 FP-2W FP-2PE
Penetrant, Type I, Level 3 FP-3W FP-3PE
Penetrant, Type I, Level 4 FP-4W FP-4PE

Penetrant, Type II, Level 1 VP-1W VP-1PE
Penetrant, Type II, Level 2 VP-2W VP-2PE

Emulsifier, Type I, Method B FE-B
Emulsifier, Type I, Method D FE-D
Emulsifier, Type II, Method B VE-B

Removers, Class 1, Method C R-1 R-1
Removers, Class 2, Method C R-2 R-2

Developer, Form a D-1 D-1
Developer, Form e D-2 D-2
FP fluorescent penetrant FE emulsifier for fluorescent penetrant
W water-washable VP visible penetrant
PE post emulsifiable VE emulsifier for visible penetrant
6 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

ISO 3452-2:2006(E)
6.2.1.1.2 Developers
All developers, except Form f (specific application), intended for use with Type I (fluorescent) penetrant
materials, shall be qualified with the reference level 4, Method B penetrant/emulsifier system FP-4PE/FE-B
(see Table 6). Form f developers shall be qualified in accordance with 6.2.1.1.4.
A reference sample of each product shall be retained for comparison purposes and designated in accordance
with Tables 5 and 6. The manufacturer, manufacturer’s reference and the batch number shall be recorded.
NOTE A list of reference products is available from qualified laboratories (e.g. MPA-Hannover, Germany).
6.2.1.1.3 Solvent removers
Classes 1 and 2 solvent removers shall be qualified with reference penetrant FP-4PE and reference developer
D-1. Class 3 solvent remover shall be qualified in accordance with 6.2.1.1.4.
6.2.1.1.4 Specific application — Developer/removers
Form f developers and Class 3 removers shall be qualified with materials as specified by the manufacturer
and approval shall be specific to those materials.
6.2.1.1.5 Product family
While individual testing products are to be qualified, product families as defined by the manufacturer may be
specified as meeting the requirements defined in this part of ISO 3452 (e.g. Type I, Level 2, Method D;
Form a).
6.2.1.2 Sensitivity
6.2.1.2.1 General
Sensitivity of type I penetrant systems shall be determined by comparing results of candidate materials, and
standard reference products using a set of test panels.
6.2.1.2.2 Test panels
A suitable test panel should be used, e. g. a type 1 reference block, see ISO 3452-3.
Test panels according to ISO 3452-3 have chromium-nickel plating with thicknesses of 10 µm, 20 µm, 30 µm
and 50 µm. For each thickness there is a pair of panels with similar cracks. The test panels should be used
either for fluorescent or for colour contrast penetrants. The same panels should not be used for the two
systems.
ISO 3452-2:2006(E)
Table 6 — Sensitivity and removability matrix
Candidate material Materials for processing candidates Reference materials
Penetrant systems
Type I, Method A, Level ½  D-1 FP-1/2 D-1
Type I, Method A, Level 1  D-1 FP-1W D-1
Type I, Method B, Level 1  D-1 FP-1PE FE-B D-1
Type I, Method C, Level 1  D-1 FP-1PE R-1 D-1
Type I, Method D, Level 1  D-1 FP-1PE FE-D D-1
Type I, Method A, Level 2  D-1 FP-2W D-1
Type I, Method B, Level 2  D-1 FP-2PE FE-B D-1
Type I, Method C, Level 2  D-1 FP-2PE R-1 D-1
Type I, Method D, Level 2  D-1 FP-2PE FE-D D-1
Type I, Method A, Level 3  D-1 FP-3W D-1
Type I, Method B, Level 3  D-1 FP-3W FE-B D-1
Type I, Method C, Level 3  D-1 FP-3PE R-1 D-1
Type I, Method D, Level 3  D-1 FP-3PE FE-D D-1
Type I, Method A, Level 4  D-1 FP-4W D-1
Type I, Method B, Level 4  D-1 FP-4PE FE-B D-1
Type I, Method C, Level 4  D-1 FP-4PE R-1 D-1
Type I, Method D, Level 4  D-1 FP-4PE FE-D D-1

Type II, Method A, Level 1  D-2 VP-1PE VE-B D-2
Type II, Method B, Level 1  D-2 VP-1PE VE-B D-2
Type II, Method C, Level 1  D-2 VP-1PE R-2 D-2
Type II, Method D, Level 1  D-2 VP-1PE VE-B D-2
Type II, Method A, Level 2  D-2 VP-2PE VE-B D-2
Type II, Method B, Level 2  D-2 VP-2PE VE-B D-2
Type II, Method C, Level 2  D-2 VP-2PE R-2 D-2
Type II, Method D, Level 2  D-2 VP-2PE VE-B D-2
Removers
Class 1 FP-4PE D-1 FP-4PE R-1 D-1
Class 2 FP-4PE D-1 FP-4PE R-2 D-1
Developers
Form a FP-4PE FE-B FP-4PE FE-B D-1
From b FP-4PE FE-B FP-4PE FE-B D-1
Form c FP-4PE FE-B FP-4PE FE-B D-1
Form d FP-4PE FE-B FP-4PE FE-B D-1
Form e VP-2PE VE-B VP-2PE VE-B D-2
8 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

ISO 3452-2:2006(E)
6.2.1.2.3 Test procedures
The same defined procedure shall be used for testing the candidate and the reference penetrant. The
reference penetrant shall be of the same sensitivity level as the candidate. Table 7 gives an example of
parameters. Each procedure shall be repeated at least three times and the results averaged.
Table 7 — Type I sensitivity test parameters
Penetrant dwell All methods Dip and then drain for 5 min at 5° to 10° from vertical.
Pre-wash Method D Spray for 1 min (160 kPa ± 10 % at 20 °C ± 5 °C).
Emulsification Method B Dip and then drain for 2 min.
Method D Immerse for 5 min, no agitation:
for reference system, 20 % concentration;

for candidate system, manufacturer’s recommended concentration.
Wash Method A Spray for 1 min.
Method B Spray under UV-A radiation until fluorescent background is gone. If not
achieved within 2 min, the test has failed.
Method D Plunge into water to stop emulsification, followed by spray for 2 min.
For the three methods: 160 kPa ± 10 % in the water pipe nearest to the spray
nozzle, at 20 °C ± 5 °C.
Solvent wipe Method C Wipe with a clean rag dampened with solvent; then wipe with clean, dry rag to
remove excess solvent.
Dry Methods A; B, D Dry for 5 min in oven. The temperature in the oven should not be higher than
50 °C.
Dry after developer application when testing Forms b and c.
Method C Dry for 5 min at room temperature.
Developer All methods Dip for 5 s max. in Form a (dry) developer and allow a minimum dwell of 5 min.
6.2.1.2.4 Equipment
Suitable equipment shall be used to compare the indications. An example is given in Annex C.
6.2.1.2.5 Interpretation of results
Indications shall be evaluated for visibility. The method of assessing visibility shall be defined by the testing
laboratory. For visual assessment, viewing conditions shall be in accordance with ISO 3059. Where other
assessment is carried out, the viewing conditions shall be stated in the report.
The results shall demonstrate similar or better performance than the reference product. Quantitative
assessments, where used, shall show the candidate material giving a result of at least 90 % of the reference
product.
ISO 3452-2:2006(E)
6.2.2 Colour contrast penetrants (Type II)
6.2.2.1 Quality provisions
Methods A, B, C and D penetrants and associated removers (if any) shall be qualified with the reference
nonaqueous wet developer D-2. Method C (solvent removable) penetrants may also be qualified with the
reference solvent remover R-2 and the reference non-aqueous developer D-2 (see Table 6).
All developers, except Form f, intended for use with Type II (visible dye) penetrant materials shall be qualified
with a Type II reference penetrant and a Method B emulsifier VP-PE/VE-B.
6.2.2.2 Test panels
The 30 µm and 50 µm test panels from the type 1 reference block in accordance with ISO 3452-3 shall be
used.
6.2.2.3 Method of testing
The panels shall be initially calibrated using a Type I (fluorescent), Level 3 penetrant system. The number of
clearly visible indications extending across at least 80 % of the panel width shall be recorded. The panels shall
then be thoroughly cleaned to remove all traces of the fluorescent materials and reserved for use with Type II
penetrants.
Using the candidate material, the panels shall be processed in accordance with a defined procedure. Table 8
gives an example of parameters.
Each procedure shall be repeated at least three times and the results averaged.
Table 8 — Type II sensitivity test parameters
Penetrant dwell
All methods
Dip and then drain for 5 min at 5° to 10° from vertical.
Pre-wash
Method D
Pre-wash for 30 s.
Emulsification Method B
Emulsify for 30 s.
Method D
Emulsify for 1,5 min.
Wash
Method A
Spray for 1 min.
Method B
Spray under UV-A radiation until fluorescent background is gone. If not
achieved within 2 min, the test has failed.
Method D
Plunge into water to stop emulsification, followed by spray for 2 min.

For the three methods: 160 kPa ± 10 % in water pipe nearest to the spray
nozzle, at 20 °C ± 5 °C.
Solvent wipe
Method C
Wipe with a clean rag dampened with solvent; then wipe with clean, dry rag to
remove excess solvent.
Dry Methods A, B, D
Dry for 5 min in oven 50 °C ± 3 °C max.
Method C
Dry for 5 min at room temperature.
Developer All methods
Spray with reference developer D-2 of Table 5 and allow a minimum dwell of 5
minutes.
10 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

ISO 3452-2:2006(E)
6.2.2.4 Interpretation of results
For visual assessment, viewing conditions shall be in accordance with ISO 3059. Where other assessment is
carried out, the viewing conditions shall be stated in the report.
A sensitivity percentage is achieved by the ratio of two figures:
⎯ the number of unbroken indications covering at least 80 % of the panel width, clearly visible to the
unaided eye (with glasses if usually worn);
⎯ the number of indications seen when the panel has been first calibrated as per 6.2.2.3.
This ratio is multiplied by 100 to achieve a percentage value.
6.2.2.5 Requirements
The sensitivity level shall be determined in accordance with Table 9.
Table 9 — Determination of sensitivity level for colour contrast penetrants
Percentage of discontinuities found
Sensitivity level
30 µm 50 µm
1 < 75 90 to 99
2 W 75 100
6.3 Density
6.3.1 Test method
Density at 20 °C shall be determined using a method with an accuracy better than ± 1 %.
6.3.2 Requirements
This result shall be reported for type testing (nominal value). For batch testing, a tolerance of ± 5 % of the
nominal value shall be permitted.
6.4 Viscosity
6.4.1 Test method
Viscosity shall be determined by a suitable method with an accuracy of better than ± 1 %. The result for a
defined temperature shall be recorded. Batch testing shall be carried out at the specified temperature.
6.4.2 Requirements
This result shall be reported for type testing (nominal value). For batch testing, a tolerance of ± 10 % of the
nominal value shall be permitted.
ISO 3452-2:2006(E)
6.5 Flashpoint
WARNING — Attention is drawn to the hazards involved in testing materials with flashpoints < 25 °C.
6.5.1 Test method
The flashpoint shall be determined by an appropriate stated method with an accuracy of better than ± 2 °C for
materials with a flashpoint of less than 100 °C, or better than ± 5 °C for materials with a flashpoint greater than
or equal to 100 °C.
Flashpoint measurement shall only be required for batch testing if the nominal flashpoint is within the range
20 °C to 110 °C. The flashpoint shall be determined by an appropriate method.
6.5.2 Requirements
The result shall be reported for type testing (nominal value). The flashpoint for batch testing shall be no more
than 5 °C below the nominal value.
6.6 Washability (Method A penetrants)
When removed with a gentle water spray at (20 ± 5) °C the sample penetrant shall not leave more residue on
the surface roughness areas R = 5 µm and R = 10 µm of reference test block type 2 in accordance with
a a
ISO 3452-3 than the type test sample of the same penetrant rinsed under identical conditions. For fluorescent
penetrants, this test shall be carried out under UV-A irradiance in excess of 3 W/m .
6.7 Fluorescent brightness
6.7.1 Test method
The fluorescent brightness of Type I penetrants shall be tested in accordance with Annex A.
6.7.2 Requirements
For type testing, the fluorescent brightness of the candidate shall not be less than the following percentages of
the brightness of the reference FP-4PE (see Table 5):
Sensitivity level 1/2 penetrant 50 %
Sensitivity level 1 penetrant 65 %
Sensitivity level 2 penetrant 80 %
Sensitivity level 3 penetrant 90 %
Sensitivity level 4 penetrant 95 %
Batch testing shall be carried out compared with the type test sample. The tolerance shall be ± 10 %, but the
fluorescent brightness shall not be less than the type test requirement.
12 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

ISO 3452-2:2006(E)
6.8 UV stability
6.8.1 Test method
Prepare 10 filter paper specimens using the candidate penetrant and method in accordance with Annex A.
Protect five from heat, light and air currents, while exposing the other 5 specimens to UV-A irradiation
(365 nm) of (10 ± 1) W/m for 1 h while protecting them from heat and air currents. The fluorescent brightness
of each specimen is determined using the method given in Annex A.
6.8.2 Requirements
The average fluorescent brightness of the UV-A irradiated specimens shall be greater than the following
percentages of non-irradiated specimens:
Sensitivity level 1/2 penetrant 50 %
Sensitivity level 1 penetrant 50 %
Sensitivity level 2 penetrant 50 %
Sensitivity level 3 penetrant 70 %
Sensitivity level 4 penetrant 70 %
6.9 Thermal stability of fluorescent brightness
6.9.1 Test method
Prepare 10 filter paper specimens using the candidate penetrant and method in accordance with Annex A.
Protect five from heat, light and air currents, while placing the other 5 specimens on a clean metal plate in a
dead air oven at (115 ± 2) °C for 1 h. The fluorescent brightness of each specimen is determined using the
method given in Annex A.
6.9.2 Requirements
The average fluorescent brightness of the heated specimens shall be greater than the following percentages
of unheated specimens:
Sensitivity level 1/2 penetrant 60%
Sensitivity level 1 penetrant 60%
Sensitivity level 2 penetrant 60%
Sensitivity level 3 penetrant 80%
Sensitivity level 4 penetrant 80%
6.10 Water tolerance
6.10.1 Test method
Water tolerance shall be determined by adding water accurately to a constantly stirred, accurately measured
quantity of the candidate material (typically 20 ml) until the candidate material turns cloudy, thickens or
separates. This test shall be carried out at (15 ± 0,5) °C.
Water tolerance is the percentage of added water in the final volume (water and test material at which
cloudiness/thickening occurred).
ISO 3452-2:2006(E)
6.10.2 Requirements
Water tolerance shall be greater than 5 %.
6.11 Corrosive properties
6.11.1 General
The compatibility of the penetrant material and the materials to be inspected shall be confirmed by the
following methods.
6.11.2 Type testing
6.11.2.1 Moderate temperature corrosion
6.11.2.1.1 Test procedure
For penetrant materials intended for use on metallic components, the test shall be carried out on bare
aluminium alloy EN AW 7075, in the metallurgical state T6 or equivalent, AZ-31B magnesium alloy or
equivalent, and on 30 CrMo4 steel or equivalent. Test panels of each of these materials shall be prepared by
polishing the surface with silicon carbide paper (240 grit) and rinsing with a volatile, sulfur-free hydrocarbon
solvent (e.g. analytical grade acetone) immediately prior to use.
The test panels shall be immersed to half their length in the penetrant material under test, and placed in a
glass beaker of sufficient size inside a Parr bomb calorimeter (or equivalent container capable of withstanding
an internal pressure of 700 kPa) as shown in Figure 1.
The sealed calorimeter shall then be placed in an oven, or hot water bath, maintained at (50 ± 1) °C for
2 h ± 5 min. The test panel shall then be removed and rinsed briefly under distilled water or organic solvent,
as appropriate, to remove all residues of penetrant materials, and inspected.

Key
1 beaker
2 penetrant material
3 test panel
4 colorimeter
Figure 1 — Parr bomb calorimeter
14 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

ISO 3452-2:2006(E)
6.11.2.1.2 Requirements
There shall be no evidence of staining, pitting or any other corrosion when examined under 10 × magnification.
6.11.2.2 Compatibility with other materials
6.11.2.2.1 Test procedure
The procedure according to 6.11.2.1.1 may be adapted for use with any other materials with which the
penetrant material is to be used, by replacing the metal test panel with a panel of that material.
6.11.2.2.2 Requirements
There shall be no evidence of degradation of the test panel surface.
6.11.2.3 High temperature titanium stress corrosion
6.11.2.3.1 Test panels
The test panels shall be Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V (also denominated Ti 811), duplex annealed.
6.11.2.3.2 Specimen preparation
The test specimen shall be as shown in Figure 2 with the longitudinal grain direction parallel to the length
dimension. The surfaces of the panels shall be prepared to a surface finish of R = 20 µm. Brake form panels
a
over a (7,11 ± 0,25) mm radius mandrel to produce an unrestrained angle of 65 ° ± 5 (see Figure 2).
6.11.2.3.3 Test procedure
Four test specimen shall be used with each sample to be tested. Prior to stressing, the specimens shall be
cleaned by solvent wiping or soak, and lightly etched in 40 % nitric acid (HNO ), 3,5 % hydrofluoric acid (HF)
solution. After etching, panels shall be rinsed to ensure acid removal and dried. Stress the specimens with a
6,4 mm bolt as shown in Figure 2 c). One specimen shall remain uncoated, one specimen shall be coated with
3,5 % sodium chloride (NaCl) solution and the remaining specimens shall be coated with the test sample.
Coating shall be performed by immersing the stressed panels in the sample with the open end up. Drain the
stressed panels for between 8 h and 11 h. Place the stressed specimens in an oven at (540 ± 10) °C for
(4,5 ± 0,9) h.
6.11.2.3.4 Interpretation
The specimens shall be viewed for cracks while stressed. If the panel coated with the NaCl solution does not
show cracks, remove the bolt, and clean the coated surface by soaking in a 50 % sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
solution at 140 °C ± 5 °C for 30 min followed by a water rinse. Etch in a 40 % HNO , 3,5 % HF solution for
3 min to 4 min. Examine the etched surface under 10 × magnification. If no pitting or cracks can be observed
on the remaining specimens while they are still in the holders, they shall also be cleaned, etched and
examined as above. If the NaCl coated specimen has no pitting or cracks or the uncoated specimen has
cracks, the test is invalid and shall be repeated. Test specimens shall not be reused. If the test is determined
to be valid, the specimen coated with the test sample shall show no evidence of cracks.
ISO 3452-2:2006(E)
Dimensions in millimetres
± 0,5 tolerance except thickness

a)  Dimension details
b)  Bend details c)  Stressing details (not to scale)
NOTE The drawings have been derived using imperial values (inches).
Figure 2 — Test specimen for high-temperature titanium stress corrosion
16 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

ISO 3452-2:2006(E)
6.11.2.4 High-temperature corrosion of cast nickel alloys
6.11.2.4.1 Specimen preparation
The test specimens shall be Alloy 713LC cut to approximately 25 mm × 13 mm × 2,5 mm. The surface shall
be polished with 600 grit abrasive paper to produce a smooth and uniform finish.
6.11.2.4.2 Test procedure
Four test specimens shall be used with the sample to be tested. Immerse or coat two test specimens with the
material being tested. Place the two coated and two uncoated specimens in an oven maintained at
(1 000 ± 50) °C for (100 ± 4)h. Remove the test specimens from the oven and allow them to cool to room
temperature. Section, mount, and polish the specimens.
6.11.2.4.3 Interpretation
Examine the cross section of each specimen under 200 × magnification for evidence of corrosion or oxidation.
Coated specimens shall show no more corrosion, oxidation, intergranular, or preferential attack than uncoated
specimens.
6.11.3 Batch testing
6.11.3.1 Compatibility with metals
Batch testing shall be carried out on magnesium alloy panels only in accordance with 6.11.2.1.1 except that
the panels shall be left for a period of 24 h at room temperature, after which time they shall be cleaned and
inspected in accordance with 6.11.2.1.1.
6.11.3.1.1 Requirements
There shall be no evidence of staining, pitting or any other corrosion compared with the untreated half.
6.11.3.2 Compatibility with other materials
The procedure according to 6.11.2.1.1 may be adapted for use with any other materials with which the
penetrant material is to be used, by replacing the metal test panel with a panel of the other material.
6.11.3.2.1 Requirements
There shall be no evidence of degradation of the material under test.
6.12 Content of sulfur and halogens (for products designated low in sulfur and halogens)
6.12.1 Test method
The sulfur and halogen content shall be determined by a suitable stated method. The accuracy for liquids shall
−6 −6
be ±10 × 10 (10 parts per million) by mass for values of less than 200 × 10 (200 parts per million) by mass.
−6 −6
The accuracy for solids shall be ±50 × 10 (50 parts per million) by mass
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