EN 1998-4:2025
(Main)Eurocode 8 - Design of structures for earthquake resistance - Part 4: Silos, tanks, pipelines, towers, masts and chimneys
Eurocode 8 - Design of structures for earthquake resistance - Part 4: Silos, tanks, pipelines, towers, masts and chimneys
EN 1998-4 is applicable to the seismic design of on-ground and elevated silos, on-ground, elevated and underground tanks, above-ground and buried pipeline systems, towers, masts and chimneys and ancillary elements attached to the aforementioned structures or in industrial facilities.
Eurocode 8 - Auslegung von Bauwerken gegen Erdbeben - Teil 4: Silos, Tankbauwerke und Rohrleitungen, Türme, Maste und Schornsteine
Eurocode 8 - Calcul des structures pour leur résistance au séisme - Partie 4: Silos, réservoirs, tuyauteries, tours, mâts et cheminées
Evrokod 8 - Projektiranje potresnoodpornih konstrukcij – 4. del: Silosi, rezervoarji, cevovodi, stolpi, jambori in dimniki
General Information
Relations
Overview
EN 1998-4:2025 - Eurocode 8, Part 4 specifies requirements for the seismic design of silos, tanks, pipelines, towers, masts and chimneys. The standard covers on-ground and elevated silos, on-ground, elevated and underground tanks, above‑ground and buried pipeline systems, and ancillary elements in industrial facilities. It defines the basis of design, modelling approaches, seismic actions and combinations, and verification to limit states to ensure earthquake-resistant performance.
Key Topics
- Scope and assumptions - applicability to various storage and industrial structures (silos, tanks, pipelines, towers, masts, chimneys).
- Basis of design - performance requirements, consequence classes and the relationship to Eurocode principles (design situations and limit states).
- Limit states and performance levels - verification for Significant Damage (SD), Damage Limitation (DL) and Fully Operational (OP) states.
- Modelling and methods of analysis - recommended modelling practices and analytical methods for dynamic/seismic analysis.
- Seismic actions and combinations - horizontal and vertical components, superposition rules, and combination of modal responses.
- Force‑based seismic loads - calculation of total base shear, overturning moments, vertical reaction, and seismic pressures (e.g., on silo walls, tank shells, hoppers).
- Behaviour factors and material requirements - guidelines for ductility, energy dissipation and safety verification (anchored vs unanchored tanks, embedded tanks, elevated tanks).
- Special provisions - rules for above‑ground and buried pipelines, seismic restraints, and structural detailing to limit damage.
Applications
Who uses EN 1998-4:2025 and why:
- Structural and seismic engineers - for designing new silos, storage tanks, pipelines, chimneys, towers and masts to meet earthquake resistance requirements.
- Plant and facility designers / operators - to ensure continuity of operations in industrial facilities and to reduce seismic risk of storage systems.
- Infrastructure owners and asset managers - for seismic assessment, retrofit planning and resilience upgrades.
- Regulators and code officials - to reference consistent seismic design rules and national annex decisions. Practical uses include seismic design calculations, selection of anchorage and restraint systems, pressure and overturning checks for tanks and silos, pipeline routing and flexibility design, and verification to DL/SD/OP limit states.
Related Standards
- Eurocode 8 (EN 1998 series) - overarching seismic design framework.
- EN 1998-4 supersedes earlier editions (draft documents indicated replacement of EN 1998-4:2006 and EN 1998-6:2005 in prior drafts).
- Refer also to general Eurocodes (EN 1990, EN 1991) and relevant national annexes for mandatory national parameters.
Keywords: EN 1998-4:2025, Eurocode 8, seismic design, silos, tanks, pipelines, chimneys, towers, masts, earthquake resistance.
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 1998-4:2023
01-december-2023
Evrokod 8: Projektiranje potresnoodpornih konstrukcij – 4. del: Silosi, rezervoarji,
cevovodi, stolpi, jambori in dimniki
Eurocode 8 - Design of structures for earthquake resistance - Part 4: Silos, tanks,
pipelines, towers, masts and chimneys
Eurocode 8 - Auslegung von Bauwerken gegen Erdbeben - Teil 4: Silos, Tankbauwerke
und Rohrleitungen, Türme, Maste und Schornsteine
Eurocode 8 - Calcul des structures pour leur résistance au séisme - Part 4: Silos,
réservoirs, canalisations, tours, mâts et cheminées
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 1998-4
ICS:
91.010.30 Tehnični vidiki Technical aspects
91.060.40 Dimniki, jaški, kanali Chimneys, shafts, ducts
91.120.25 Zaščita pred potresi in Seismic and vibration
vibracijami protection
oSIST prEN 1998-4:2023 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
oSIST prEN 1998-4:2023
oSIST prEN 1998-4:2023
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 1998-4
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
September 2023
ICS Will supersede EN 1998-4:2006, EN 1998-6:2005
English Version
Eurocode 8 - Design of structures for earthquake
resistance - Part 4: Silos, tanks, pipelines, towers, masts
and chimneys
Eurocode 8 - Calcul des structures pour leur résistance Eurocode 8 - Auslegung von Bauwerken gegen
au séisme - Part 4: Silos, réservoirs, tuyauteries, tours, Erdbeben - Teil 4: Silos, Tankbauwerke und
mâts et cheminées Rohrleitungen, Türme, Maste und Schornsteine
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 250.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 1998-4:2023 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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prEN 1998-4:2023 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 7
0 Introduction . 8
0.1 Introduction to the Eurocodes . 8
0.2 Introduction to EN 1998 Eurocode 8 . 8
0.3 Introduction to prEN 1998-4 . 9
0.4 Verbal forms used in the Eurocodes . 9
0.5 National annex for prEN 1998-4 . 9
1 Scope . 11
1.1 Scope of prEN 1998-4 . 11
1.2 Assumptions . 11
2 Normative references . 11
3 Terms, definitions and symbols . 12
3.1 Terms and definitions . 12
3.2 Symbols and abbreviations . 13
3.2.1 Symbols . 13
3.2.2 Abbreviations . 22
3.3 S.I. Units . 22
4 Basis of design . 23
4.1 Performance requirements . 23
4.2 Consequence classes . 23
4.3 Limit states and associated seismic actions . 24
4.4 Modelling and methods of analysis . 25
4.5 Combination of the effects of the components of the seismic action . 25
4.6 Material requirements . 26
4.6.1 Design to DC1, DC2 and DC3 . 26
4.6.2 Safety verifications . 26
4.7 Verification to limit states . 26
4.7.1 General. 26
4.7.2 Verification of Significant Damage (SD) limit state . 27
4.7.3 Verification of Damage Limitation (DL) limit state . 27
4.7.4 Verification of Fully Operational (OP) limit state . 27
5 Rules for silos . 28
5.1 Scope . 28
5.2 Basis of design . 28
5.2.1 Design concept . 28
5.2.2 Safety verification . 28
5.3 Modelling and structural analysis . 28
5.3.1 Modelling . 28
5.3.2 Structural analysis . 29
5.3.3 Behaviour factors . 30
5.4 Seismic loads according to the force-based approach . 30
5.4.1 Total base shear, overturning moment and vertical reaction force at the silo bottom
................................................................................................................................................................... 30
5.4.2 Seismic pressures on silo walls and hoppers due to the horizontal seismic actions . 31
5.5 Verification to limit states . 33
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5.5.1 General . 33
5.5.2 Verification of Significant Damage (SD) limit state . 33
5.5.3 Verification of Damage Limitation (DL) limit state . 35
5.5.4 Verification of Fully Operational (OP) limit state . 35
6 Rules for tanks . 35
6.1 Scope . 35
6.2 Basis of design . 36
6.2.1 Design concept . 36
6.2.2 Safety verification . 36
6.3 Modelling and structural analysis . 36
6.3.1 Modelling . 36
6.3.2 Structural analysis . 39
6.3.3 Behaviour factors . 39
6.4 Seismic loads according to the force-based approach for vertical cylindrical tanks . 39
6.4.1 Above ground anchored tanks . 39
6.4.2 Above ground unanchored tanks . 48
6.5 Seismic loads according to the force-based approach for vertical rectangular tanks
................................................................................................................................................................... 49
6.5.1 Above ground anchored tanks . 49
6.5.2 Above ground unanchored tanks . 54
6.6 Seismic loads according to the force-based approach for horizontal cylindrical tanks
................................................................................................................................................................... 54
6.6.1 Assumptions . 54
6.7 Seismic loads according to the force-based approach for elevated tanks . 56
6.8 Seismic loads according to the force-based approach for spherical tanks . 59
6.8.1 Spherical tanks . 59
6.9 Seismic loads on embedded tanks . 61
6.10 Superposition of horizontal and vertical seismic pressures . 61
6.10.1 Superposition of horizontal pressure components due to different modes of response
................................................................................................................................................................... 61
6.10.2 Superposition of horizontal pressure components due to different modes of response
................................................................................................................................................................... 61
6.10.3 Superposition of resulting pressures in horizontal and vertical directions . 62
6.11 Superposition of base shear, overturning moment and vertical reaction force . 62
6.11.1 Superposition of base shear . 62
6.11.2 Superposition of the overturning moments . 62
6.12 Verification to limit states . 62
6.12.1 General . 62
6.12.2 Verification of Significant Damage (SD) limit state . 62
6.12.3 Verification of Damage Limitation (DL) limit state . 64
7 Rules for above-ground pipelines . 66
7.1 Scope . 66
7.2 Basis of design . 66
7.2.1 Design concept . 66
7.2.2 Safety verification . 67
7.3 Modelling and structural analysis . 67
7.3.1 Modelling . 67
7.3.2 Structural analysis . 67
7.4 Actions and combination of actions in the seismic design situation . 68
7.5 Behaviour factors . 68
7.5.1 Behaviour factor for the horizontal components of the seismic action . 68
7.5.2 Seismic loads . 69
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7.6 Verification to limit states . 70
7.6.1 General. 70
7.6.2 Verification of Significant Damage (SD) limit state . 70
7.6.3 Verification of Damage Limitation (DL) limit state . 71
8 Rules for buried pipelines . 73
8.1 Scope . 73
8.2 Basis of design . 73
8.2.1 Design concept . 73
8.2.2 Safety verification . 74
8.3 Modelling and structural analysis . 74
8.3.1 Modelling . 74
8.3.2 Structural analysis . 75
8.3.3 Seismic loads . 75
8.4 Actions and combination of actions in the seismic design situation . 81
8.5 Verification to limit states . 82
8.5.1 General. 82
8.5.2 Verification of Significant Damage (SD) limit state . 82
8.5.3 Verification of Damage Limitation (DL) limit state . 83
9 Rules for ancillary elements in industrial facilities . 84
9.1 Scope . 84
9.2 Basis of design . 84
9.2.1 Design concept . 84
9.2.2 Safety verification . 84
9.3 Modelling and structural analysis . 84
9.3.1 Modelling . 84
9.3.2 Structural analysis . 85
9.3.3 Seismic loads . 86
9.4 Verification to limit states . 89
9.4.1 General. 89
9.4.2 Verification of Significant Damage (SD) limit state . 89
9.4.3 Verification of Damage Limitation (DL) limit state . 89
9.4.4 Verification of Fully Operational (OP) limit state . 89
10 Rules for towers, masts and chimneys . 90
10.1 Scope . 90
10.2 Basis of Design . 90
10.3 Modelling and structural analysis . 90
10.3.2 Structural analysis . 92
10.3.3 Behaviour factors . 92
10.3.4 Behaviour factors for systems with base isolation or energy dissipation systems . 93
10.4 Verification to limit states . 93
10.4.1 Verification of Significant Damage (SD) limit state . 93
10.4.2 Verification of Damage Limitation (DL) limit state . 95
10.4.3 Verification of Fully Operational (OP) limit state . 96
10.5 Specific rules for reinforced concrete chimneys . 96
10.5.1 General. 96
10.5.2 Design for dissipative behaviour . 96
10.5.3 Minimum reinforcement (vertical and horizontal). 97
10.5.4 Minimum reinforcement around openings . 97
10.6 Specific rules for steel chimneys . 98
10.6.1 General. 98
10.6.2 Design for dissipative behaviour . 98
10.6.3 Materials . 98
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10.6.4 Connections . 98
10.7 Specific rules for steel towers . 98
10.7.1 General . 98
10.7.2 Materials . 99
10.7.3 Design for dissipative behaviour . 99
10.7.4 Other design rules . 101
Annex A (normative) Tables for the seismic design of tanks . 102
A.1 Use of this normative annex . 102
A.2 Tables of parameter values . 102
Annex B (informative) Soil-structure interaction effects of tanks. 106
B.1 Use of this annex . 106
B.2 Scope and field of application . 106
B.3 Impulsive rigid vibration mode in horizontal direction . 106
B.4 Impulsive rigid vibration mode in vertical direction . 107
B.5 Impulsive flexible vibration mode in horizontal direction . 107
B.6 Impulsive flexible vibration mode in vertical direction . 108
Annex C (informative) General design considerations for buried pipelines . 109
C.1 Use of this annex . 109
C.2 Scope and field of application . 109
C.3 General design consideration for buried pipelines . 109
Annex D (informative) Modelling of soil-structure interaction of buried pipelines . 111
D.1 Use of this annex . 111
D.2 Scope and field of application . 111
D.3 Characteristics of spring elements . 111
D.4 Analytical relations of the spring model . 112
D.4.1 General . 112
D.4.2 Axial spring model . 112
D.4.3 Transverse spring model in horizontal direction . 113
D.4.4 Transverse spring model in vertical direction . 114
Annex E (informative) Design differential surface displacement at pipeline – fault crossing
................................................................................................................................................................ 116
E.1 Use of this annex . 116
E.2 Scope and field of application . 116
E.3 Differential surface displacements at pipeline – fault crossings. 116
Annex F (informative) Number of degrees of freedom and of modes of vibration for dynamic
analysis of towers, masts and chimneys . 125
F.1 Use of this annex . 125
F.2 Scope and field of application . 125
F.3 Modelling and analysis . 125
Annex G (informative) Masonry chimneys . 126
G.1 Use of this annex . 126
G.2 Scope and field of application . 126
G.3 Modelling and analysis . 126
G.4 Design detailing . 126
G.4.1 Footings and foundations . 126
G.4.2 Minimum vertical reinforcement . 126
G.4.3 Minimum horizontal reinforcement . 126
G.4.4 Minimum seismic anchorage . 127
G.4.5 Cantilevering . 127
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G.4.6 Changes in dimension . 127
G.4.7 Offsets. 127
G.4.8 Wall thickness . 127
Bibliography . 128
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European foreword
This document (prEN 1998-4:2023) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 250 “Structural
Eurocodes”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. CEN/TC 250 is responsible for all Structural
Eurocodes and has been assigned responsibility for structural and geotechnical design matters by CEN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 1998-4:2007 and EN 1998-6:2005.
The first generation of EN Eurocodes was published between 2002 and 2007. This document forms part
of the second generation of the Eurocodes, which have been prepared under Mandate M/515 issued to
CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association.
The Eurocodes have been drafted to be used in conjunction with relevant execution, material, product
and test standards, and to identify requirements for execution, materials, products and testing that are
relied upon by the Eurocodes.
The Eurocodes recognise the responsibility of each Member State and have safeguarded their right to
determine values related to regulatory safety matters at national level through the use of National
Annexes.
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prEN 1998-4:2023 (E)
0 Introduction
0.1 Introduction to the Eurocodes
The Structural Eurocodes comprise the following standards generally consisting of a number of parts:
— EN 1990 Eurocode: Basis of structural and geotechnical design
— EN 1991 Eurocode 1: Actions on structures
— EN 1992 Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures
— EN 1993 Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures
— EN 1994 Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel and concrete structures
— EN 1995 Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures
— EN 1996 Eurocode 6: Design of masonry structures
— EN 1997 Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design
— EN 1998 Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance
— EN 1999 Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures
— New parts are under development, e.g. Eurocode for design of structural glass
The Eurocodes are intended for use by designers, clients, manufacturers, constructors, relevant
authorities (in exercising their duties in accordance with national or international regulations),
educators, software developers, and committees drafting standards for related product, testing and
execution standards.
NOTE Some aspects of design are most appropriately specified by relevant authorities or, where not specified,
can be agreed on a project-specific basis between relevant parties such as designers and clients. The Eurocodes
identify such aspects making explicit reference to relevant authorities and relevant parties.
0.2 Introduction to EN 1998 (all parts)
EN 1998 (all parts) defines the rules for the seismic design of new buildings and engineering works and
the assessment and retrofit of existing ones, including geotechnical aspects, as well as temporary
structures.
NOTE This standard also covers the verification of structures in the seismic situation during construction, when
required.
Attention should be paid to the fact that, for the design of structures in seismic regions, the provisions of
EN 1998 should be applied in addition to the relevant provisions of EN 1990 to EN 1997 (all parts) and
EN 1999 (all parts). In particular, EN 1998 should be applied to structures of consequence classes CC1,
CC2 and CC3, as defined in EN 1990:2023, 4.3. Structures of consequence class CC4 are not fully covered
by the Eurocodes but may be required to follow EN 1998, or parts of it, by the relevant Authorities.
By nature, perfect protection (a null seismic risk) against earthquakes is not feasible in practice, namely
because the knowledge of the hazard itself is characterized by a significant uncertainty. Therefore, in
Eurocode 8, the seismic action is represented in a conventional form, proportional in amplitude to
earthquakes likely to occur at a given location and representative of their frequency content. This
representation is not the prediction of a particular seismic movement, and such a movement could give
rise to more severe effects than those of the seismic action considered, inflicting damage greater than the
one described by the Limit States contemplated in this standard.
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prEN 1998-4:2023 (E)
Not only the seismic action cannot be predicted, but in addition, it should be recognised that engineering
methods are not perfectly predictive when considering the effects of this specific action, under which
structures are assumed to respond in the non-linear regime. Such uncertainties are taken into account
according to the general framework of EN 1990, with a residual risk of underestimation of their effects.
EN 1998 is subdivided in various parts
EN 1998-1-1, Eurocode 8 — Design of structures for earthquake resistance – Part 1-1: General rules and
seismic action;
EN 1998-1-2, Eurocode 8 —Design of structures for earthquake resistance – Part 1-2: Buildings;
EN 1998-2, Eurocode 8 — Design of structures for earthquake resistance – Part 2: Bridges;
EN 1998-3, Eurocode 8 —Design of structures for earthquake resistance – Part 3: Assessment and
retrofitting of buildings and bridges;
EN 1998-4, Eurocode 8 — Design of structures for earthquake resistance – Part 4 Silos, tanks, pipelines,
towers, masts and chimneys;
EN 1998-5, Eurocode 8 —Design of structures for earthquake resistance – Part 5: Geotechnical aspects,
foundations, retaining and underground structures.
0.3 Introduction to prEN 1998-4
prEN 1998-4 provides specific requirements for earthquake resistant design of new on-ground and
elevated silos, on-ground, elevated and underground tanks, above-ground and buried pipeline systems,
towers, masts and chimneys and ancillary elements attached to the aforementioned structures or in
industrial facilities, which are additional to the ones in other Eurocodes.
prEN 1998-4 is subdivided in ten clauses and includes seven annexes, where Annex A is normative and
Annexes B, C, D, E, F, G are informative.
0.4 Verbal forms used in the Eurocodes
The verb “shall” expresses a requirement strictly to be followed and from which no deviation is permitted
in order to comply with the Eurocodes.
The verb “should” expresses a highly recommended choice or course of action. Subject to national
regulation and/or any relevant contractual provisions, alternative approaches could be used/adopted
where technically justified.
The verb “may" expresses a course of action permissible within the limits of the Eurocodes.
The verb “can" expresses possibility and capability; it is used for statements of fact and clarification of
concepts.
0.5 National annex for prEN 1998-4
National choice is allowed in this standard where explicitly stated within notes. National choice includes
the selection of values for Nationally Determined Parameters (NDPs).
The national standard implementing prEN 1998-4 can have a National Annex containing all national
choices to be used for the design of buildings to be constructed in the relevant country.
When no national choice is given, the default choice given in this standard is to be used.
When no national choice is made and no default is given in this document, the choice can be specified by
a relevant authority or, where not specified, agreed for a specific project by the relevant parties.
National choice is allowed in prEN 1998-4 through notes to the following clauses:
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prEN 1998-4:2023 (E)
4.2(2) 4.2(3) 4.3(6) 4.3(7)
National choice is also allowed in prEN 1998-4 on the application of the following informative annexes:
Annex B Annex C Annex D Annex E
Annex F Annex G
The National Annex can contain, directly or by reference, non-contradictory complementary information
for ease of implementation, provided it does not alter any provisions of the Eurocodes.
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1 Scope
1.1 Scope of prEN 1998-4
(1) This document is applicable to the seismic design of on-ground and elevated silos, on-ground,
elevated and underground tanks, above-ground and buried pipeline systems, towers, masts and
chimneys and ancillary elements attached to the aforementioned structures or in industrial facilities.
2 4
(2) Unless specifically stated, EN 1998-1-1:— , and EN 1998-5:— apply.
(3) prEN 1998-4 is applicable in complement to the other relevant Eurocodes.
NOTE This document contains only those provisions that, in addition to the provisions of the other relevant
Eurocodes, are used for the design of new structures, as listed in (1), in seismic regions. prEN 1998-4 complements
in this respect the other Eurocodes.
1.2 Assumptions
(1) The assumptions of EN 1998-1-1:— , 1.2, are assumed to be applied.
(2) It is assumed that the changes in a) and b) will not take place during the construction phase or during
the subsequent life span for all structures covered by prEN 1998-4, unless proper justification and
verification is provided:
a) substantial changes in the structural systems, supporting structures or attached ancillary
elements listed in 1.1 (1);
b) substantial changes of masses or mass distribution. This includes, in particular, changes in
production, such as specific changes of filling loads, filling states and ancillary elements.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE See the Bibliography for a list of other documents cited that are not normative references, including those
referenced as recommendations (i.e. in ‘should’ clauses), permissions (‘may’ clauses), possibilities ('can' clauses),
and in notes.
EN 1990:2023, Eurocode — Basis of structural and geotechnical design
EN 1991-1-4:— , Eurocode 1 – Actions on structures – Part 1-4: Wind Actions
EN 1998-1-1:— , Eurocode 8 – Design of structures for earthquake resistance – Part 1-1: General rules and
seismic action
EN 1998-1-2:— , Eurocode 8 - Design of structures for earthquake resistance - Part 1-2: Buildings
EN 1998-5:— , Eurocode 8 – Design of structures for earthquake resistance – Part 5: Geotechnical aspects,
foundations, retaining and underground structures
EN ISO 80000 (all parts), Quantities and units
Under development.
. Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: prEN 1998-1-1:2022.
Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: prEN 1998-1-2:2023.
Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: prEN 1998-5:2022.
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3 Terms, definitions and symbols
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1990, EN 1991-1-4:— ,
2 4
EN 1998-1-1:— , EN 1998-5:— , and the following, apply.
3.1.1
ancillary element
architectural, mechanical or electrical element, system and technical plant component such as container,
pipeline, pump, conveyor and many other plant-specific components connected to or supported by the
structures of 1.2 (1). An ancillary element is not considered in seismic design as load-carrying element
but required for the safe operation of the facility and may be the cause of risk to persons or to the
structure in case of earthquake
3.1.2
floating roof
height adjustable roof of tanks. The roof rises and falls with the liquid level in the tank
3.1.3
freeboard
space kept between the top of liquid level and the bottom of the roof slab of the tank or the
...
Frequently Asked Questions
EN 1998-4:2025 is a draft published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Eurocode 8 - Design of structures for earthquake resistance - Part 4: Silos, tanks, pipelines, towers, masts and chimneys". This standard covers: EN 1998-4 is applicable to the seismic design of on-ground and elevated silos, on-ground, elevated and underground tanks, above-ground and buried pipeline systems, towers, masts and chimneys and ancillary elements attached to the aforementioned structures or in industrial facilities.
EN 1998-4 is applicable to the seismic design of on-ground and elevated silos, on-ground, elevated and underground tanks, above-ground and buried pipeline systems, towers, masts and chimneys and ancillary elements attached to the aforementioned structures or in industrial facilities.
EN 1998-4:2025 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 91.010.30 - Technical aspects; 91.060.40 - Chimneys, shafts, ducts; 91.120.25 - Seismic and vibration protection. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
EN 1998-4:2025 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to EN 1998-4:2006, EN 1998-6:2005. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
EN 1998-4:2025 is associated with the following European legislation: Standardization Mandates: M/515. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.
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Die Norm EN 1998-4:2025 ist ein entscheidendes Dokument im Bereich des Erdbebeningenieurwesens, das sich mit dem Entwurf von Bauwerken für die Erdbebenresistenz befasst. Ihr spezieller Fokus liegt auf der Planung von Silos, Tanks, Pipelines, Türmen, Masten und Schornsteinen sowie den zugehörigen Nebenelementen. Diese Standardisierung ist von großer Bedeutung, da sie sicherstellt, dass diese Strukturen nicht nur den tragenden Anforderungen, sondern auch den seismischen Belastungen standhalten, die in erdbebengefährdeten Gebieten auftreten können. Die Stärken der Norm EN 1998-4 liegen in ihrer umfassenden Anwendbarkeit. Sie deckt sowohl freistehende als auch erhobene Silos und Tanks ab und berücksichtigt verschiedene Typen von Pipeline-Systemen, sowohl oberirdisch als auch unterirdisch. Darüber hinaus bietet sie umfassende Richtlinien für Türme, Masten und Schornsteine, was ihre Relevanz in der Industrie und im Bauwesen unterstreicht. Der standardisierte Ansatz fördert nicht nur einheitliche Entwurfsstandards, sondern verbessert auch die Sicherheit und Zuverlässigkeit der genannten Infrastrukturen. Die Norm ist besonders wichtig, da sie den Planern und Ingenieuren eine präzise Grundlage bietet, auf der sie ihre Entwürfe erstellen können, um die Erdbebenresistenz der Bauwerke zu gewährleisten. Dies ist nicht nur für die Sicherheit von Menschen und Betriebsmitteln ausschlaggebend, sondern trägt auch zur Minimierung von wirtschaftlichen Verlusten bei Erdbebenereignissen bei. Mit ihrer klaren Struktur und den definierten Anforderungen unterstützt die EN 1998-4 die Branche dabei, innovative und sichere Lösungen zu entwickeln, die den Herausforderungen von Naturkatastrophen standhalten. Zusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass die Norm EN 1998-4:2025 von erheblicher Relevanz für die Gestaltung und Sicherheit von erdbebengefährdeten Strukturen ist, indem sie umfassende Vorgaben für die seismische Gestaltung von verschiedenen Bauarten, einschließlich Silos, Tanks und Pipelines, bietet.
La norme EN 1998-4:2025, connue sous le titre "Eurocode 8 - Conception des structures pour la résistance aux séismes - Partie 4 : Silos, réservoirs, pipelines, tours, mâts et cheminées", constitue une référence incontournable pour les professionnels du secteur de la construction et de l'ingénierie. Son champ d'application est particulièrement vaste, englobant la conception sismique non seulement des silos et réservoirs, qu'ils soient en élévation ou au sol, mais également des systèmes de pipelines, des tours, des mâts et des cheminées. De plus, elle s'étend aux éléments auxiliaires rattachés à ces structures et aux installations industrielles, ce qui démontre son importance dans la sécurisation des infrastructures critiques face aux risques sismiques. L'une des forces majeures de cette norme réside dans son approche systématique et rigoureuse du design sismique, qui permet d'assurer la sécurité et la fonctionnalité des structures soumises à des forces sismiques. La norme EN 1998-4:2025 intègre des méthodes de calcul avancées et des critères précis utilisés pour évaluer la résistance et la stabilité des différentes conceptions exposées aux séismes. Cela contribue à réduire les risques d'échec structural en période de tremblement de terre. En outre, la pertinence de cette norme ne se limite pas seulement à la sécurité des infrastructures. Elle offre également des lignes directrices précieuses pour le développement durable et la résilience des bâtiments, en favorisant l'adoption de solutions innovantes et adaptées aux particularités géographiques et environnementales. En ce sens, l'adoption de l’EN 1998-4 devient un impératif pour les ingénieurs et les architectes souhaitant garantir des constructions sûres et durables. En somme, la norme EN 1998-4:2025 est une ressource indispensable qui établit des standards élevés pour la conception des structures afin de résister aux séismes, garantissant ainsi la protection des vies humaines et des biens tout en promouvant une approche responsable et adaptée du design dans un contexte sismique.
EN 1998-4:2025は、地震に対する耐久性を持つ構造物の設計に関する重要な基準であり、特にシロ、タンク、パイプライン、塔、マスト、および煙突に焦点を当てています。本規格の適用範囲は地上および高架のシロ、地上・高架・地下のタンク、地上および埋設のパイプラインシステム、さらに塔、マスト、および煙突とそれらに付随する要素に関するものです。これにより、さまざまなタイプの工業施設において、地震の影響を受ける可能性のある構造物が包括的にカバーされています。 本規格の強みは、その詳細な設計ガイドラインと、セイミックに対する強靭さの評価基準を提供する点にあります。特に、シロやタンクに加え、パイプラインや煙突など、多岐にわたる構造物に対応しているため、設計者やエンジニアは、複雑な要求に応えるための具体的かつ実用的な情報を得ることができます。また、地震時の揺れや圧力を考慮した設計手法が明確に示されているため、構造物の安全性を大幅に向上させることが可能です。 さらに、EN 1998-4は国際的に認められた基準であり、欧州の建設基準とも整合性があるため、国境を超えたプロジェクトにおいても利用しやすいという特徴があります。このため、国内外の市場での適用性と信頼性が高まっています。また、最新の科学技術や研究成果が反映されているため、時代の変化に適応した設計アプローチが求められる現在において、その重要性はますます増しています。 総じて、EN 1998-4:2025は、地震に対する耐久性を求めるあらゆる構造物において、その設計の安全性と信頼性を確保するための不可欠な指針として位置付けられています。その包括的な情報と明確な指針により、設計者やエンジニアは高度な知識と技術を駆使して、強固で安全な構造物を実現することができます。
EN 1998-4:2025는 지진 저항을 위한 구조물 설계와 관련하여 중요한 표준으로, 특히 고정된 구조물뿐만 아니라 고공 및 지하 실체의 설계에도 적용됩니다. 이 표준의 적용 범위는 지진에 견디도록 설계된 위생 시설, 탱크, 파이프라인 시스템, 타워, 마스트 및 굴뚝을 포함하여 관련된 부속 요소까지 포괄적으로 다룹니다. 이 표준의 강점 중 하나는 다양한 형태의 구조물에 대한 세부적인 설계 지침을 제공한다는 점입니다. 지진 발생 시 안전성을 확보하기 위해 필요한 공학적 원칙과 규정을 명확히 제시하며, 이는 고층 건물이나 복잡한 산업 시설과 같은 다양한 응용 환경에서의 설계 품질을 높이는 데 기여합니다. 또한, EN 1998-4:2025는 지진 위험이 높은 지역에서의 구조물의 내진 설계에 필수적인 지침 역할을 하며, 이는 공공 안전과 직결되는 문제입니다. 따라서 이 표준은 건축 및 엔지니어링 분야에서의 현대적 요구에 부응하며, 실용성과 기술적 정확성을 갖춘 권위 있는 지침으로 자리잡고 있습니다. 마지막으로, 이 표준은 국제적으로도 널리 인정받고 있어, 각국의 산업 규정과 기준에 유연하게 통합될 수 있는 장점을 지니고 있습니다. EN 1998-4:2025는 지진 저항 설계의 전문가들에게 필수적인 도구로, 구조 안전성을 보장하는 데 중요한 역할을 수행합니다.
EN 1998-4:2025 is an important addition to Eurocode 8, specifically tailored for the seismic design of structures such as silos, tanks, pipelines, towers, masts, and chimneys. This standard addresses a critical aspect of structural engineering by focusing on the resilience of infrastructure in earthquake-prone areas. The scope of EN 1998-4 is comprehensive, encompassing both on-ground and elevated silos, as well as various types of tanks-on-ground, elevated, and underground. This inclusion ensures that all potential configurations are accounted for in seismic assessments. Additionally, the standard covers above-ground and buried pipeline systems, which are essential for operational continuity during seismic events. The mention of towers, masts, and chimneys signifies its relevance in protecting vertical structures that may be particularly vulnerable during earthquakes. One of the strengths of EN 1998-4 is its methodological approach, providing engineers with guidelines to ensure the integrity and safety of essential infrastructure. It emphasizes risk management by promoting design strategies aimed at mitigating earthquake-related hazards. The specification of ancillary elements enhances its applicability in industrial settings, supporting a holistic approach to seismic design. Furthermore, the standard reflects the latest research and technological advancements in earthquake engineering, ensuring its relevance in today’s construction practices. The guidelines laid out in this document are vital for engineers tasked with designing structures that need to withstand seismic forces, promoting safety and sustainability in urban planning and development. Overall, EN 1998-4:2025 is a pivotal standard that reinforces the importance of earthquake resistance in the design of critical infrastructure, solidifying the safety and resilience of structures subjected to seismic activities.
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