EN 1777:2004

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-februar-2005
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Hydraulic platforms (HPs) for fire fighting and rescue services - Safety requirements and
testing
Hubrettungsfahrzeuge für Feuerwehren und Rettungsdienste, Hubarbeitsbühnen
(HABn) - Sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen und Prüfung
Bras Élevateur Aérien (BEA) des services d'incendie et de secours - Prescriptions de
sécurité et essais
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 1777:2004
ICS:
13.220.10 Gašenje požara Fire-fighting
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 1777
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
November 2004
ICS 13.220.10
English version
Hydraulic platforms (HPs) for fire fighting and rescue services -
Safety requirements and testing
Bras Élevateur Aérien (BEA) des services d'incendie et de Hubrettungsfahrzeuge für Feuerwehren und
secours - Prescriptions de sécurité et essais Rettungsdienste, Hubarbeitsbühnen (HABn) -
Sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen und Prüfung
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 2 September 2004.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 1777:2004: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword. 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope. 6
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions. 8
4 List of significant hazards. 10
5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures . 14
6 Verification. 38
7 Information for use . 41
Annex A (informative) Special loads and forces — Use of HPs in wind speeds greater
than Beaufort scale 6 (5.2.3.4.1) . 64
Annex B (informative) Dynamic factors in stability and structural calculations. 65
Annex C (informative) Major alterations and repairs . 67
Annex D (normative) Design of wire rope drive systems for the extending structures and
platform levelling systems. 68
Annex E (informative) Calculation example of Annex D for wire rope, drum and pulley
diameters . 77
Annex F (informative) Calculation example — Dynamic factor, kerb test (see 5.2.4.1.1). 83
Annex ZA (informative). 85
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU
Directive 98/37/EC. 85
Bibliography . 86

Foreword
This document (EN 1777:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 192 “Fire
service equipment”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by May 2005.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and
the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EC Directive(s).
For relationship with EC Directives, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
This document includes a Bibliography.
It is one of a series of standards produced by CEN/TC 192 as part of the CEN/CENELEC programme
of work to produce machine safety standards. It is based on the work of CEN/TC 98 EN 280 Mobile
Elevating Work Platforms (MEWPs), and allows for future adaptation of any type and size of MEWP to
firefighting and rescue. Because of the wide variety of sizes and types of Hydraulic Platforms (HPs), it
is not a detailed specification and performance specifications other than safety requirements are a
matter for agreement between suppliers and customers. It is intended to be used in conjunction with
Parts 1 and 2 of EN 1846.
It was accepted that the safety related parts of the control system would need to be reformulated to
take account of the methodology of EN 954 but, in view of the further delays to publication this would
cause, it was decided to defer this to a second stage.
Similarly, it was accepted that re-consideration of the need for load control on HPs with a single rated
load should be deferred to a second stage, to avoid further delays to publication of the standard.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Introduction
This document has been prepared to be a harmonized standard to provide one means of conforming
with the essential safety requirements of the Machinery Directive and its amending Directives, and
associated EFTA Regulations.
It is a type C standard as stated in EN 1070.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and events are
covered are indicated in the scope of this document.
When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B
standards, the provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other
standards, for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C
standard.
HPs are machines used primarily to provide Fire Services with a means of firefighting, rescuing
persons from dangerous locations and access to other hazardous and/or working locations, by means
of a platform on an extending structure mounted on a base.
Where the mass/rigidity of the base does not provide inherent stability, stability is assured by
stabilizers interlocked with movements of the extending structure.
The movements of the extending structure are normally made by fluid power (hydraulics).
The platform is self-levelling and is primarily used to carry one or more persons and any necessary
equipment and/or materials. It can be fitted with one or more monitors for projecting water or other
fire-fighting fluids or semi-solid materials.
Controls are provided at the platform and at the base, to control movements of the extending structure.
They can also control movements of the monitor(s) and of the base if it is mobile.
The extended positions of the platform can be above and/or below and horizontally beyond the
surface supporting the base.
The extent to which hazards are covered is indicated in the scope of this document.
The safety requirements of this document have been drawn up on the basis that HPs are periodically
maintained by persons trained according to manufacturer's instructions, working conditions, frequency
of use, and national regulations.
It is also assumed that HPs are not put into operation unless all required control- and safety-devices
are available and in working order and that persons operating HPs are adequately trained.
When mention is made of a design for the sake of clarity, this should not be considered to be the only
possible design; any other solution may be applied if it is at least equally safe.
As no satisfactory explanation could be found for the dynamic factors used for stability calculations in
previous national standards, the results of the tests carried out by CEN/TC 98 "Lifting Platforms" to
determine a suitable factor and stability calculation method for mobile elevating work platforms
(MEWPs) have been adopted. The test method is described in Annex B as a guide for manufacturers
wishing to use higher or lower operating speeds and to take advantage of developments in control
systems.
Similarly, to avoid the unexplained inconsistencies in wire rope coefficients of utilization and drum and
pulley diameters found in other standards for lifting devices, Annex C, of EN 280:2001, based on
DIN 15020, together with Annex D of EN 280:2001, have been adopted.

1 Scope
1.1 General
This document identifies the significant hazards (see 4) in the use of all sizes of HP by fire fighting
and rescue services, on the basis that they are supplied in a complete form, tested and ready for use,
and gives methods for the elimination or reduction of these hazards and for the use of safe working
practices.
NOTE The principles of this standard have been used for HPs ranging from the smallest up to working
heights exceeding 70 m, and are expected to be applicable to all foreseeable developments of HPs for Fire
Services.
This document deals with HPs, the base of which is normally a motor vehicle, but can also be static or
fixed, or mobile in the form of:
— a trailer or de-mountable unit
— any other type of self-propelled vehicle
For vehicle mounted HPs this document is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1846-2, Fire
fighting and rescue service vehicles —Part 2: Common requirements — Safety and performance.
This document is not applicable to HPs which were manufactured before the date of publication of this
document by CEN.
1.2 This document is applicable to the structural design calculations and stability criteria,
constructional details and tests of HPs, and gives guidance on the intended life limits for HPs
(see 5.2.5.2.2).
NOTE This document may also be used for machines similar to HPs equipped with monitors, surveillance or
other equipment for firefighting use but not intended for lifting persons.
1.3 This document does not specify the special requirements for:
 HPs operated by programmable electronic systems and/or radio which do not rely on cables;
 use in underground work (mines);
 use in potentially explosive atmospheres;
 the use of pneumatic cylinders to operate load carrying components.
1.4 Classification
HPs are divided into two main types:
Type A: HPs where the vertical projection of the centre of gravity of the load is always inside the
tipping lines.
Type B: HPs where the vertical projection of the centre of gravity of the load may be outside the
tipping lines.
HPs are further divided into three groups related to travelling:
Group 1: Travelling is only allowed with the HP in its transport position.
Group 2: Travelling with raised platform is controlled only from a point of control at the chassis.
Group 3: (Self-propelled) Travelling with raised platform is controlled from a point of control at the
platform.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 349, Safety of machinery — Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body.
EN 418, Safety of machinery - Emergency stop equipment, functional aspects - Principles for design
EN 1846-1: 1998, Firefighting and rescue service vehicles - Part 1: Nomenclature and designation
EN 1846-2: 2001, Firefighting and rescue service vehicles - Part 2: Common requirements - Safety
and performance
EN 60204-1:1997, Safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines - Part 1: General
requirements (IEC 60204-1:1997
EN 60529, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP code) (IEC 60529:1989)
EN 60947-5-1, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 5-1: Control circuit devices and
switching elements - Electromechanical control circuit devices (IEC 60947-5-1:2003)
EN ISO 12100-2:2003, Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design - Part 2:
Technical principles (ISO 12100-2:2003)
ISO 2408:2004, Steel wire ropes for general purposes — Minimum requirements
ISO 4305, Mobile cranes — Determination of stability
ISO 4309, Cranes — Wire ropes – Care, maintenance, installation, examination and and discard

3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1846-1:1998 and the
following apply.
3.1 The abbreviation HP is used for Hydraulic Platform
3.2
platform
fenced platform in which persons and equipment are carried and which can be moved under load to
the required working position by the extending structure and/or by movement of the base.
Secondary platforms include extended floors outside guardrails for rescue purposes, landings for
access to boom ladders, etc
3.3
extending structure
scissor mechanism or one or more rigid or telescopic or articulating mechanisms, or any combination
of them in the form of booms and/or ladders. It may or may not slew on the base
3.4
stabilizers
all devices and systems used to maintain the stability of the HP. They include screw jacks, hydraulic
jacks, outriggers, vehicle suspension locking devices, extending axles, systems for levelling the
extending structure relative to the base etc
3.5
access position
position of the HP to provide access to the platform
NOTE Access position and travel condition (see 3.6) may be identical.
3.6
travel condition
condition prescribed by the manufacturer in which the HP is moved to and from the place of use
NOTE Access position (see 3.5) and travel condition may be identical.
3.7
lowering
all operations to move the platform to a lower level
3.8
raising
all operations to move the platform to a higher level
3.9
rotating
any circular movement of the platform relative to the extending structure, about a vertical axis
3.10
slewing
any circular movement of the extending structure about a vertical axis
3.11
travelling
all movements of the base
3.12
self propelled HP
HP with travelling controls located at the platform
3.13
rated load
maximum load at which a platform may be loaded vertically in the limits of the corresponding working
envelope of the extending structure. It is composed of persons and loose equipment. Permanently
fixed items are not part of the rated load
NOTE There may be more than one combination of rated load and working envelope (see 3.14).
3.14
working envelope
space, defined by the manufacturer, within which the platform, with rated load, can be operated
NOTE There may be more than one combination of rated load (see 3.13) and working envelope.
3.15
residual slope
deviation from horizontal of the base or any slewing mechanism after deployment of the stabilizers
3.16
full flow hydraulic/pneumatic controls
controls where the control level or handle used by the operator is an integral part of, or is connected
mechanically to, the valve which directs the full flow of oil/air to the machine actuators (motors,
cylinders, etc.) with no other intermediate control system (pilot hydraulic, master/slave, electrical,
pneumatic, etc.)
3.17
pitching time
time required from the travel condition with the crew in the cab, to set any stabilizers to full width on a
level supporting surface and, with one person on the platform, to reach the maximum rescue height at
a position 90 ° to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle (if slewing exists), using the vehicle crew
(see Figure 11)
3.18
rescue height
vertical height, expressed in metres, from the horizontal ground surface to the base of the rescue
cage without loading
3.19
ladder rated load
maximum number of persons each with a mass of 90 kg allowed on a ladder as specified by the
manufacturer
3.20
access ladder
ladder not intended to be used for rescuing persons by carrying down
3.21
rescue ladder
ladder intended to be used for rescuing persons by carrying down
3.22
loose equipment
all items carried on the platform which are neither permanently secured nor part of the operator’s
basic minimum protective equipment, e.g. hoses, nozzles, rescue lines, resuscitators, etc
3.23
manual forces
forces exerted by operators on the platform on objects/structures which are outside of the platform
when the platform is stationary
3.24
load sensing system
system for measuring the vertical load on the platform
NOTE The system includes the measuring device(s), the method of mounting the measuring device(s) and
the signal processing system.
3.25
moment sensing system
system for measuring the overturning moment.
NOTE The system includes the measuring devices(s), the method of mounting the measuring devices(s)
and the signal processing system.
4 List of significant hazards
This clause contains the hazards and hazardous situations, as far as they are dealt with in this
document, identified by risk assessment significant for this type of machinery, and which require
action to eliminate or reduce risk.
The significant hazards are based on EN 1050. (Also shown are the sub-clause references to the
safety requirements and/or protective measures in this standard, if applicable).
Before using this standard it is important to carry out a risk assessment of the machine to check that
its significant hazards are identified in this clause.
Hazard Corresponding requirements
4.1 Mechanical hazards:
4.1.1 Crushing hazards 5.3.17, 5.4.4, 5.3.16,
5.3.18, 5.6.7
4.1.2 Shearing hazards 5.3.17, 5.4.4
4.1.3 Cutting or Severing hazard 5.7.11
4.1.4 Entanglement hazard 5.3.19
4.1.5 Drawing-in or trapping hazard 5.3.19
4.1.6 Impact hazard 7.1.2g and p
4.1.7 Stabbing or puncture hazard NA
4.1.8 Friction or abrasion hazard 7.1.7.e)
4.1.9 High pressure fluid injection hazard 5.7.16
4.1.10 Ejection of parts NA
4.1.11 Loss of stability (of machinery and machine parts) 5.2.4
4.1.12 Slip, trip and fall hazards 5.3.23, 5.6.3, 5.6.6,
5.6.7
4.2 Electrical hazards, caused for example by:
4.2.1 Electrical contact, direct or indirect 7.1.2g)
4.2.2 Electrostatic phenomena NA
4.2.3 Thermal radiation 5.8.1
4.2.4 External influences on electrical equipment 5.8.1
4.3 Thermal hazards, resulting for example in:
4.3.1 Burns and scalds by a possible contact of persons by flames
or explosions and also by the radiation of heat sources 5.3.19
4.3.2 Health-damaging effects by hot or cold work environment 5.3.19
4.4 Hazards generated by noise, resulting for example in:
4.4.1 Hearing losses (deafness) other physiological disorders
e.g. loss of balance, loss of awareness etc.) 5.3.10
4.4.2 Interference with speech communication, acoustic signals etc 5.3.10
4.5 Hazards generated by vibration(resulting in a variety of
neurological and vascular disorders) 7.1.2k
4.6 Hazards generated by radiation, especially by:
4.6.1 Electrical arcs NA
4.6.2 Lasers NA
4.6.3 Ionising radiation sources NA
4.6.4 Machine making use of high frequency electromagnetic fields 5.8.1
4.7 Hazards generated by materials and substances processed,
used or exhausted by machinery for example:
4.7.1 Hazards resulting from contact with or inhalation of harmful
fluids, gases, mists, dusts and fumes 5.3.21
4.7.2 Fire or explosion hazard 5.3.22
4.7.3 Biological and micro-biological (viral or bacterial) hazards NA

Hazard Corresponding requirements
4.8 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles in
machine design (mismatch of machinery with human
characteristics and abilities) caused e.g. by:
4.8.1 Unhealthy postures or excessive efforts 5.6.7
4.8.2 Inadequacy with human hand-arm or foot-leg anatomy 5.7.4, 5.7.5
4.8.3 Neglected use of personal protection equipment 5.7.4, 5.7.5
4.8.4 Inadequate local lighting 5.7.1
4.8.5 Mental overload or under-load, stress, etc. 5.3.24, 5.7.1, 5.7.6
4.8.6 Human errors 5.9.8, 5.10.12
4.9 Hazard combinations
4.10 Hazards caused by failure of energy supply, breaking down
of machinery parts, and other functional disorders e.g:
4.10.1 Failure of energy supply(of power and/or control circuits) 5.7.9, 5.7.12, 5.7.15
4.10.2 Unexpected ejection of machine parts or fluids 5.7.16
4.10.3 Failure/disorder of control system 5.7.1, 7.2.2
4.10.4 Errors of fitting 5.8.3, 5.9.8, 5.10.12
4.10.5 Overturn, unexpected loss of machine stability 5.2.4, 6.1.2, 6.1.5
4.11 Hazards caused by (temporary) missing and/or incorrectly
positioned safety-related measures/means, e.g:
4.11.1 All kinds of guard 5.3.19
4.11.2 All kinds of safety related(protection) devices 5.3.17, 5.4.4
4.11.3 Starting and stopping devices 5.7.1, 5.7.7
4.11.4 Safety signs and tags 5.10.11, 7.2.2
4.11.5 All kinds of information or warning devices 5.3.1, 5.3.9, 7.1.7c,
7.2
4.11.6 Energy supply disconnecting devices 5.10.11
4.11.7 Emergency devices 5.7.7, 5.7.12
4.11.8 Feeding/take-off means of work pieces NA
4.11.9 Essential equipment and accessories for safe adjusting
and/or maintaining 7.1.7 d
4.11.10 Equipment evacuating gases etc. 5.3.21
4.12 Inadequate lighting of moving/working area 5.7.1
4.13 Hazards due to sudden movement, instability etc. during
handling 5.2, 5.2.3
4.14 Inadequate/non ergonomic design of driving/operating
position:
4.14.1 Hazards due to dangerous environments (contact with
moving parts, exhaust gases etc) 5.3.19, 5.3.21
4.14.2 Inadequate visibility from driver's/operator's position 5.3.18, 5.7.6
4.14.3 Inadequate seat/seating (seat index point) 5.3.24
4.14.4 Inadequate/non ergonomic design/positioning of controls 5.7.1
4.14.5 Starting/moving of self-propelled machinery 5.3.16, 5.7.2
4.14.6 Road traffic or self-propelled machinery 5.3.12, 5.3.14

Hazard Corresponding requirements
4.15 Mechanical hazards:
4.15.1 Hazards to exposed persons due to uncontrolled movement 5.7.1
4.15.2 Hazards due to break-up and/or ejection of parts 5.2
4.15.3 Hazards due to rolling over (ROPs) NA
4.15.4 Hazards due to falling objects (FOPs) NA
4.15.5 Inadequate means of access 5.3.23, 5.6.7
4.15.6 Hazards due to towing, coupling, connecting, NA
transmission etc
4.15.7 Hazards due to batteries, fire, emissions etc. 5.3.22, 5.3.25
4.16.1 Lack of stability 5.4.1, 6.1.2
4.16.2 Derailment of machinery NA
4.16.3 Loss of mechanical strength of machinery and lifting
accessories 5.2.5, 5.4.1
4.16.4 Hazards caused by uncontrolled movements 5.4.1, 5.5.1.1, 5.5.1.3
4.17 Inadequate view of trajectories of the moving parts 5.7.6
4.18 Hazards caused by lightning NA
4.19 Hazards due to loading/overloading etc. 5.4.1
4.20 General:
4.20.1 Mechanical strength 5.5.2.1.2, 5.5.3.1.2
4.20.2 Loading control 5.4.1
4.21 Controls:
4.21.1 Controls in carrier 5.7.6
4.21.2 Safe travel control 5.23.13, 5.7.6
4.21.3 Safe speed control 5.3.13, 5.7.2
4.22 Fall prevention:
4.22.1 Personal Protective Equipment in carrier NA
4.22.2 Trapdoors 5.6.8
4.22.3 Carrier tilt control 5.6.1, 5.6.2
4.23 Carrier falling/overturning:
4.23.1 Falling/overturning 5.5.1.1, 5.6.1, 5.6.2
4.23.2 Acceleration/braking 5.7.2
4.23.3 Markings 7.2
NOTE  N/A = not applicable
5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures
5.1 General
Machinery shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective measures of this clause. In
addition, the machine shall be designed according to the principles of EN ISO 12100-2 for hazards
relevant but not significant, which are not dealt with by this document (e.g. sharp edges.)
Vehicle mounted HPs shall comply with EN 1846-2, Fire fighting and rescue service vehicles — Part
2: Common requirements —Safety and performance
This clause of the document contains several requirements for the design of the safety related parts
of the control system of HPs. As the terminology is not in accordance with that of the relevant
harmonised standard, EN 954-1 (see Foreword) these requirements should be interpreted on the
basis of the principles of EN 954-1 pending the planned revision of this document.
5.2 Stability and structural calculations
5.2.1 General
It is the manufacturer's responsibility
 for stability calculations, to identify the various positions of the HP and combinations of loads,
forces and removable items creating together conditions of minimum stability and
 for structural calculations, to evaluate the individual loads and forces in their positions, directions
and combinations producing the most unfavourable stresses in the components.
NOTE It is the user's responsibility to refer other uses to the manufacturer for approval.
5.2.2 Loads and forces
The following loads and forces shall be taken into account:
a) Rated load;
b) Structural loads;
c) Wind loads;
d) Manual forces;
e) Additional loads and forces;
f) Those resulting from operation on any residual slope;
g) Those created by use of the emergency stop 5.7.7.
5.2.3 Determination of loads and forces
5.2.3.1 Rated load
The rated load is made up of persons, each with a nominal mass of 90 kg, and any loose equipment
on the platform, within the limits of the corresponding working envelope. The mass of each person
shall be taken to act as a point load on the platform at a horizontal distance of 0,1 m from the inside
edge of the top rail with a distance between the point loads of 0,5 m. The mass of loose equipment
shall be taken to act as an evenly distributed load on 25 % of the floor of the platform. All these loads
shall be calculated in the positions and combinations giving the most severe results. (see Figures 2
and 3 as examples.)
The rated load shall be taken to act
 statically when the platform is not moving;
 dynamically when the platform is moving.
5.2.3.2 Structural loads
The masses of the components of the HP and fixed items of equipment on the platform or the
extending structure shall be taken to be static structural loads when they are not moving. These
masses shall be taken to be dynamic structural loads when they are moving.
5.2.3.3 Ladder rated load
The mass of each person on a ladder, on or forming part of the extending structure, shall be taken to
act on one ladder round. The maximum number of persons and their disposition on each ladder
section shall be specified by the manufacturer.
5.2.3.4 Wind loads
5.2.3.4.1 HPs used out-of-doors shall be regarded as being affected by wind at a pressure of not
less than 100 N/m , equivalent to a wind speed of 12,5 m/s (Beaufort Scale 6). See Annex A.
Wind forces are assumed to act horizontally at the centre of area of the parts of the HP and persons
and equipment on the platform and/or ladders. They shall be taken to be dynamic forces.
If users require use in higher wind speeds, the higher forces shall be taken into account by the
manufacturer.
5.2.3.4.2 Shape factors applied to areas exposed to wind:
L-, U-, T- I-sections 1,6
Box sections 1,4
Large flat areas 1,2
Circular sections, according to size 0,8/1,2
Persons directly exposed 1,0
If additional information is needed, especially concerning shielded structural areas, see ISO 4302. For
shielded persons, see 5.2.3.4.3.4.
5.2.3.4.3 Area of persons on a platform or ladder exposed to wind
5.2.3.4.3.1 The full area of one person shall be taken as 0,7 m (0,4 m average width × 1,75 m
height) with the centre of area 1,0 m above the platform floor or ladder round.
5.2.3.4.3.2 The exposed area of one person standing on a platform behind an imperforate
section of fencing 1,1 m high shall be taken as 0,35 m , with the centre of area 1,45 m above the
work platform floor.
5.2.3.4.3.3 The number of persons on a platform directly exposed to the wind shall be calculated
as:
a) the length of the side of the platform exposed to the wind, rounded to the nearest 0,5 m, and
divided by 0,5 m; or
b) the number of persons allowed on the platform if less than the number calculated in a).
5.2.3.4.3.4 If the number of persons allowed on the platform is greater than in 5.2.3.4.3.3a) a
shape factor of 0,6 shall be applied to the extra number of persons.
5.2.3.4.4 The maximum number of persons allowed on the ladders or the platform and their
disposition on the ladders shall be as specified by the manufacturer.
5.2.3.5 Manual force
The value for the manual force shall be taken to be 200 N acting at a height of 1,1 m above the
platform floor. Any greater force permitted shall be stated by the manufacturer.
5.2.3.6 Additional loads and forces
When applicable, the rated load specified in Clause 5.2.3.1 shall be modified to take into account the
effect of:
a) The mass of each person or equipment carried on secondary platforms taken to act as a point
load at the centre of the floor area of the secondary platform.
b) The mass of external loads, e.g. pumps and similar equipment, taken to act as a single point load
at the attachment point. The attachment point shall be rated to carry the full rated load of the
platform.
5.2.3.7 Monitor reaction force
The reaction force for straight jets of water from smooth nozzles is to be calculated as:
2 pa
R =
where
R is the reaction force in Newtons
p is the pressure at the nozzle in bars
a is the nozzle area in mm
Figures for other types of nozzle (e.g. fog), fluid and semi-solid material (e.g. foam, dry powder) are to
be provided by the manufacturers in writing or proved by test.
5.2.4 Stability calculations
5.2.4.1 Calculation of forces
5.2.4.1.1 Forces created by structural masses and rated loads causing overturning or stabilizing
moments shall be multiplied by a factor of 1,0, calculated as acting vertically downwards. When
moving, they shall also be multiplied by a factor of 0,1, calculated as acting in the direction of
movement creating the greatest overturning moment.
Manufacturers may use factors lower than 0,1, provided they have been proved by test (see Annex B).
For the travelling movements of HPs of Groups 2 and 3 the factor of 0,1 is replaced by a factor 'Z'
representing the forces produced by acceleration and deceleration including the test 6.1.5.2. This
factor shall be determined by calculation or test. See Annex F for a calculation example.
5.2.4.1.2 Wind forces shall be multiplied by a factor of 1,1 and taken to be acting horizontally in the
direction creating the greatest overturning moment.
5.2.4.1.3 Manual forces applied by persons on the platform shall be multiplied by a factor of 1,1
and taken to be acting in the direction creating the greatest overturning moment (see Figures 4 to 7
for examples).
5.2.4.1.4 Additional loads and forces according to 5.2.3.6 shall be treated in the same way as
specified in 5.2.4.1.1/2/3.
5.2.4.1.5 Calculation of overturning and stabilizing moments. The maximum overturning and
corresponding stabilizing moments shall be calculated about the most unfavourable tipping lines,
allowing for the failure of any one tyre in the case of HPs constructed for operation on pneumatic tyres.
Tipping lines shall be determined as shown in ISO 4305 and Figures 4 to 7 of this document.
For pneumatic tyres the tipping lines shall be taken at half the tyre width. For solid and foam filled
tyres the tipping lines shall be taken at 1/4 of the tyre contact width from the outside of the contact
width.
The calculations shall be made with the HP in the most unfavourable extended and/or retracted
positions with the maximum allowable residual slope. An allowance of 0,5 ° inaccuracy in setting-up
the HP shall be added to the maximum allowable residual slope defined by the manufacturer.
All loads and forces, which can act simultaneously shall be taken into account in their most
unfavourable combinations. For example, when the load has a stabilizing effect an additional stability
calculation shall be made assuming only one person (90 kg) is on the platform. Examples are shown
in Table 1 and Figures 4 to 7. Graphical methods may be used.
In each case the calculated stabilizing moment shall be greater than the calculated overturning
moment.
Reference to Annex B will show that the safety margin is built into this method.
5.2.4.1.6 In the calculation the following influences shall be taken into account:
 distortions due to inaccuracies in the manufacture of the components;
 play in the connections of the extending structure;
 elastic deflections due to the effects of forces;
 performance of control devices (e.g. position/load/moment/movement controls).
The determination of the play and elastic deflections shall be obtained by experiment or by calculation.
5.2.4.2 Verification of 5.2.4: by calculations in the technical file and the stability type tests in 6.1.2,
6.1.5.2 and 6.1.5.3.
5.2.5 Structural calculations
5.2.5.1 General
The calculations shall conform with the laws and principles of applied mechanics and strength of
materials. If special formulae are used, the sources shall be given, if they are generally available.
Otherwise the formulae shall be developed from first principles, so that their validity can be checked.
For all load bearing components and joints the required information on stresses or safety factors shall
be included in the calculations in a clear and easily verifiable form. If necessary for checking the
calculations, details of the main dimensions, cross-sections and materials for the individual
components and joints shall be given.
5.2.5.2 Calculation methods
5.2.5.2.1 The methods of calculation shall comply with any one of the recognised national design
standards such as those of the EEA countries for lifting appliances and mobile cranes, which include
fatigue stress calculation methods.
Requirements laid down in Clauses 5.2.2 and 5.2.3 shall be considered for the determination of loads
and forces to be used in the calculations. The use of a national standard shall not reduce these
requirements.
The analysis defined in 5.2.5.2.2 shall be made for the worst load combinations and shall include the
effects of a static test with 1,25 × rated load or 1,5 × rated load (see 6.1.3) and a dynamic test with 1,1
× rated load (see 6.1.5.1.3).
The calculated stresses shall not exceed permissible values. The calculated safety factors shall not
fall below the required values.
NOTE Manufacturers are recommended, by strain-gauge tests or equivalent methods of analysis, to check
peak stresses under the above dynamic test conditions (see also Annex B).
The permissible values of stresses and the required values of safety factors depend on the material,
the load combination and the calculation method.
For the design of hydraulic cylinders see 5.11.
5.2.5.2.2 Analysis
a) The general stress analysis
The general stress analysis is the proof against failure by yielding or fracturing. The analysis shall be
made for all load bearing components and joints.
b) Elastic stability analysis
The elastic stability analysis is the proof against failure by elastic instability (e.g. buckling, crippling).
The analysis shall be made for all load bearing components subjected to compressive loads.
c) Fatigue stress analysis
The fatigue stress analysis is the proof against failure due to stress fluctuations. When determining
the load combinations for fatigue stress analysis it is permissible for the rated load to be reduced by
the load spectrum factor according to Figure 8, and wind loads and other intermittent loads need not
be taken into account. The analysis shall be made for all load bearing components and joints which
are critical to fatigue taking into account the constructional details, the degree of stress fluctuation and
the number of stress cycles. The number of stress cycles for components may be a multiple of the
number of load cycles.
For the purpose of this standard a load cycle starts when the platform is loaded in the access position
and finishes when the platform is unloaded in the access position after being extended to a working
position. For calculation purposes the number of load cycles for HPs in fire service use shall be taken
as:
 58,000 - (15 years, 52 weeks per year, 15 hours per week, 5 cycles per hour).
NOTE For the design of wire rope drive systems see Annex D.
5.2.5.2.3 Ladders on or forming part of the extending structure
Each round shall be designed to support a test load of 180 kg - access ladders, or 300 kg - rescue
ladders, applied vertically downwards at any possible attitude of the ladder, on the central 100 mm
width of the round, without permanent distortion (Rp 0,2). The supports of any ladders attached to the
extending structure shall be designed to support a 180 kg test weight for each of the maximum
number of persons allowed on each ladder section and at the dispositions specified by the
manufacturer, without permanent distortion (Rp 0,2).
Side rails shall be designed to support a side force of 200 N for each person allowed on the ladder by
the manufacturer at 2 m spacing along their length without permanent distortion (Rp 0,2).
5.2.5.3 Verification of 5.2.5: by design calculations in the technical file, the static overload type
test 6.1.3 and ladder type tests 6.1.4.
5.3 Chassis and stabilizers
5.3.1 Every HP shall have a device, e.g. a spirit level, to indicate whether the residual slope after
operation of any stabilizers is within the limits permitted by the manufacturer. This device shall be
protected against damage and unintended change of setting.
For HPs with power driven stabilizers the indication shall be clearly visible from each appropriate
control position.
On Group 3 HPs reaching the limits of inclination of the supporting surface this shall be indicated by
an acoustic signal audible at the platform.
Verification: by visual examination and functional test.
5.3.2 HPs which are constructed for operation with stabilizers shall be equipped with devices which
prevent operation of the extending structure, except as permitted by 5.3.4, unless all the stabilizers
are correctly activated.
Verification: by design check and functional test.
5.3.3 Any permitted movement of the extending structure before the stabilizers are activated shall
not create an unstable condition.
Verification: by functional test.
5.3.4 For Group 1 HPs, it shall only be possible to operate any stabilizers if the extending structure
is in the travel condition. Group 2 and 3 HPs with stabilizers shall be fitted with a device to prevent
any activation of the stabilizers if the platform is in a position where stabilizers are needed.
Verification: by design check and functional test.
5.3.5 Mechanical means shall be provided to prevent uncontrolled movements of the stabilizers
from the transport position. The stabilizers shall be locked in the transport position by two separate
locking devices for each stabilizer, at least one of which operates automatically, e.g. a gravity locking
pin plus a detent.
Powered stabilizers meeting the requirements of 5.11 meet this requirement
Verification: by design check and functional test.
5.3.6 For HPs with stabilizers for levelling the extending structure these shall be capable of levelling
it within the maximum residual slope when operating on the maximum slope specified by the
manufacturer.
Verification: by functional test.
NOTE The normally accepted supporting surface variations within which HPs for general fire service use
may be operated without restriction are:
 longitudinal and transverse slopes, up to 7 °;
 depressions, up to 50 mm;
 humps (kerbs, etc.), up to 150 mm.
5.3.7 The movements of stabilizers shall be limited by mechanical stops. These stops shall be of
sufficient strength to absorb the maximum force exerted. The ends of hydraulic cylinders, if properly
constructed for the purpose, fulfil this requirement.
Verification: by design check.
5.3.8 Any stabilizer feet shall be constructed to accommodate ground unevenness of at least 15 °
in any direction.
Verification: by visual examination and measurement.
5.3.9 Vehicle mounted HPs shall be equipped with an indicator visible to the driver to indicate if the
HP is not in its transport condition.
Verification: by functional test.
5.3.10 Vehicle mounted HPs shall comply with all of the noise reduction requirements of EN 1846-2
5.3.11 HPs which are operated in public traffic areas shall satisfy the national road traffic and lighting
regulations.
Verification: by visual examination.
5.3.12 Group 3 HPs shall be equipped with brakes or other stopping devices which engage
automatically when power is removed or fails, and remain effective if any one wheel lifts clear of the
supporting surface due to operation of the ex
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