ASTM D5860-95(2022)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Evaluation of the Effect of Water Repellent Treatments on Freeze-Thaw Resistance of Hydraulic Cement Mortar Specimens
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of the Effect of Water Repellent Treatments on Freeze-Thaw Resistance of Hydraulic Cement Mortar Specimens
ABSTRACT
This test method details the standard procedure for evaluating the effect of water repellent treatments on the freeze-thaw resistance of hydraulic cement mortar specimens. This test method is designed to compare the effectiveness of water repellent treatments under conditions of freezing and thawing only, intended as a laboratory screening method for treatment selection and may not accurately reflect the performance of treated and untreated specimens in the field. This procedure requires the use of a balance, corrosion-resistant aluminum metal pan, weight per litre (gallon) cup, freezing chamber, forced draft oven, and stiff-nylon-bristled brush. Mortar specimens are treated with or immersed in a water repellent material, removed, and allowed to cure. After air drying, the treated specimens are weighed then subjected to various cycles of freezing and thawing. Periodic weighing and observations are made to determine weight loss and deleterious effects such as spalling and cracking.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the comparative effect of water repellent treatments on the freeze-thaw cycling of hydraulic cement mortar specimens.
1.2 This test method is designed to compare the effectiveness of water repellent treatments under conditions of freezing and thawing only. This test method is intended as a laboratory screening method for treatment selection and may not accurately reflect the performance of treated and untreated specimens in the field. This test method is not intended to duplicate field conditions.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 31-Dec-2021
- Technical Committee
- D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
- Drafting Committee
- D01.47 - Concrete, Stone and Masonry Treatments
Relations
- Effective Date
- 15-Dec-2023
- Effective Date
- 01-Mar-2019
- Effective Date
- 15-Dec-2012
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2012
- Refers
ASTM E145-94(2011) - Standard Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation Ovens - Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2011
- Effective Date
- 01-Oct-2011
- Effective Date
- 01-Apr-2011
- Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2008
- Effective Date
- 01-Jun-2008
- Effective Date
- 15-Aug-2007
- Effective Date
- 15-Aug-2007
- Refers
ASTM E145-94(2006) - Standard Specification for Gravity-Convection And Forced-Ventilation Ovens - Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2006
- Effective Date
- 01-Mar-2006
- Effective Date
- 01-Jul-2005
- Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2003
Overview
ASTM D5860-95(2022) is the standard test method developed by ASTM International for evaluating the effect of water repellent treatments on the freeze-thaw resistance of hydraulic cement mortar specimens. This laboratory-based procedure provides a comparative analysis of treatment effectiveness under repeated cycles of freezing and thawing. The main objective is to offer a screening method for selecting water repellent products, though performance in laboratory conditions may not fully reflect real-world performance in the field. This standard is particularly relevant for professionals involved in concrete durability, construction quality assurance, and material selection for environments subject to freeze-thaw cycles.
Key Topics
- Purpose of the Test: To determine how water repellent treatments impact the durability of hydraulic cement mortar when subjected to freeze-thaw conditions.
- Specimen Preparation: Mortar cubes (typically 50 mm) are treated or left untreated, cured, and air-dried before testing.
- Application of Treatments: Treatments can be applied by brushing or immersion, following manufacturer recommendations or specified application rates.
- Freeze-Thaw Cycling: Specimens undergo specified cycles of freezing and thawing with periodic weighing and inspection after each cycle.
- Assessment Criteria: Evaluation is based on weight changes, visual inspection for spalling and cracking, and a visual rating system (ranging from no visible distress to severe spalling).
- Reporting Requirements: The test report must include specimen details, treatment specifics, weight change percentages, observed damage, and cycle count.
Applications
The ASTM D5860-95(2022) standard test method is valuable across several sectors:
- Material Selection: Enables engineers and facility managers to compare water repellent treatments for hydraulic cement mortars intended for freeze-thaw environments.
- Quality Assurance in Construction: Allows laboratories and construction teams to evaluate protective treatments, supporting recommendations for durable concrete structures.
- Research and Product Development: Assists manufacturers in demonstrating and validating the freeze-thaw performance of new water repellent products before market introduction.
- Specification Development: Supports the creation of project specifications or guidelines where freeze-thaw durability is a concern, particularly in transportation, infrastructure, and building construction.
Related Standards
Professionals leveraging ASTM D5860-95(2022) may also find these related standards useful:
- ASTM C109/C109M - Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars
- ASTM D1193 - Specification for Reagent Water
- ASTM D1475 - Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks, and Related Products
- ASTM E145 - Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation Ovens
Practical Value
By following ASTM D5860-95(2022), stakeholders can:
- Screen and compare water repellent treatments efficiently in a controlled lab environment before field application.
- Identify materials that are more likely to withstand freeze-thaw cycles, reducing the risk of structural deterioration.
- Make informed decisions to enhance the longevity and resilience of concrete and masonry constructions in climate zones with freeze-thaw risks.
Keywords: ASTM D5860, freeze-thaw resistance, water repellent treatments, hydraulic cement mortar, concrete durability, laboratory test method, spalling, cracking, construction materials standard.
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Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM D5860-95(2022) is a standard published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Test Method for Evaluation of the Effect of Water Repellent Treatments on Freeze-Thaw Resistance of Hydraulic Cement Mortar Specimens". This standard covers: ABSTRACT This test method details the standard procedure for evaluating the effect of water repellent treatments on the freeze-thaw resistance of hydraulic cement mortar specimens. This test method is designed to compare the effectiveness of water repellent treatments under conditions of freezing and thawing only, intended as a laboratory screening method for treatment selection and may not accurately reflect the performance of treated and untreated specimens in the field. This procedure requires the use of a balance, corrosion-resistant aluminum metal pan, weight per litre (gallon) cup, freezing chamber, forced draft oven, and stiff-nylon-bristled brush. Mortar specimens are treated with or immersed in a water repellent material, removed, and allowed to cure. After air drying, the treated specimens are weighed then subjected to various cycles of freezing and thawing. Periodic weighing and observations are made to determine weight loss and deleterious effects such as spalling and cracking. SCOPE 1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the comparative effect of water repellent treatments on the freeze-thaw cycling of hydraulic cement mortar specimens. 1.2 This test method is designed to compare the effectiveness of water repellent treatments under conditions of freezing and thawing only. This test method is intended as a laboratory screening method for treatment selection and may not accurately reflect the performance of treated and untreated specimens in the field. This test method is not intended to duplicate field conditions. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ABSTRACT This test method details the standard procedure for evaluating the effect of water repellent treatments on the freeze-thaw resistance of hydraulic cement mortar specimens. This test method is designed to compare the effectiveness of water repellent treatments under conditions of freezing and thawing only, intended as a laboratory screening method for treatment selection and may not accurately reflect the performance of treated and untreated specimens in the field. This procedure requires the use of a balance, corrosion-resistant aluminum metal pan, weight per litre (gallon) cup, freezing chamber, forced draft oven, and stiff-nylon-bristled brush. Mortar specimens are treated with or immersed in a water repellent material, removed, and allowed to cure. After air drying, the treated specimens are weighed then subjected to various cycles of freezing and thawing. Periodic weighing and observations are made to determine weight loss and deleterious effects such as spalling and cracking. SCOPE 1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the comparative effect of water repellent treatments on the freeze-thaw cycling of hydraulic cement mortar specimens. 1.2 This test method is designed to compare the effectiveness of water repellent treatments under conditions of freezing and thawing only. This test method is intended as a laboratory screening method for treatment selection and may not accurately reflect the performance of treated and untreated specimens in the field. This test method is not intended to duplicate field conditions. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D5860-95(2022) is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 91.100.10 - Cement. Gypsum. Lime. Mortar. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM D5860-95(2022) has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM C109/C109M-23, ASTM E145-19, ASTM C109/C109M-12, ASTM D1475-98(2012), ASTM E145-94(2011), ASTM C109/C109M-11a, ASTM C109/C109M-11, ASTM C109/C109M-08, ASTM D1475-98(2008), ASTM C109/C109M-07e1, ASTM C109/C109M-07, ASTM E145-94(2006), ASTM D1193-06, ASTM C109/C109M-05, ASTM D1475-98(2003). Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ASTM D5860-95(2022) is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5860 − 95 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of the Effect of Water Repellent Treatments on
Freeze-Thaw Resistance of Hydraulic Cement Mortar
Specimens
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5860; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1193Specification for Reagent Water
D1475Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the
and Related Products
comparative effect of water repellent treatments on the freeze-
E145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-
thaw cycling of hydraulic cement mortar specimens.
Ventilation Ovens
1.2 This test method is designed to compare the effective-
ness of water repellent treatments under conditions of freezing
3. Terminology
and thawing only. This test method is intended as a laboratory
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
screening method for treatment selection and may not accu-
3.1.1 water repellent treatment, n—atransparentpenetrating
rately reflect the performance of treated and untreated speci-
sealer or surface-applied treatment formulated for the purpose
mens in the field. This test method is not intended to duplicate
of protecting porous substrates by reducing the penetration of
field conditions.
liquid water.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information 4. Summary of Test Method
only.
4.1 Mortar specimens are treated with or immersed in a
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
water repellent material, removed, and allowed to cure. After
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
airdrying,thetreatedspecimensareweighedthensubjectedto
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
various cycles of freezing and thawing. Periodic weighing and
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
observationsaremadetodetermineweightlossanddeleterious
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
effects such as spalling and cracking.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- 5. Apparatus
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
5.1 Balance, having a capacity of not less than 400 g and a
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
sensitivity of 0.1 g.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
5.2 Corrosion-resistant Metal Pan, that is, aluminum, for
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
immersion of substrates.
2. Referenced Documents
5.3 Weight per Litre (Gallon) Cup.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.4 Freezing Chamber, capable of maintaining−19.2 6
C109/C109MTest Method for Compressive Strength of
1.4°C (−2.5 6 2.5°F).
Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50 mm] Cube
5.5 Forced Draft Oven, capable of maintaining 110 65°C
Specimens)
(230 6 9°F).
5.6 Stiff-nylon-bristled Brush.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.47 on Concrete, Stone and Masonry Treatments.
6. Test Materials
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2022. Published January 2022. Originally
6.1 50-mm (2-in.) mortar cubes greater than 28-days old,
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D5860–95(2013).
DOI: 10.1520/D5860-95R22.
and prepared in accordance with procedures outlined in Test
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Method C109/C109M, have been found suitable for this test
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
method. These cubes should be brushed with a wire brush or
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. lightly sand blasted to remove form oil or release agent before
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5860 − 95 (2022)
TABLE 1 Visual Rating System
using. Five test specimens will be used for each treatment, and
five untreated controls shall also be included for each test.All Rating Condition
cubes should come from the same lot of material. 0 No spalling
1 Fine cracks (less than or equal to 0.004 in. (0.01 cm)
NOTE 1—Preferably, rather than make each cube individually, a large in width) visible on surface
cake can be made. 25-mm (1-in.) should be cut off each face of the cake 2 Heavy cracks (greater than 0.004 in. (0.01 cm) in
width) visible on surface
to remove any residual form release oil. Cubes are cut from the cake to
3 Heavy cracks visible on surface, with faces bulging
measure 50 by 50 by 50 mm (2 by 2 by 2 in.) to be used as mortar
4 Moderate spalling
specimens.
5 Severe spalling and loss in weight
6.2 Water repellent treatments.
7. Procedure 7.7 Remove tray(s) from the freezing chamber and
...
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