ASTM C413-18(2023)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C413 − 18 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Test Method for
Absorption of Chemical-Resistant Mortars, Grouts,
Monolithic Surfacings, and Polymer Concretes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C413; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope C904 Terminology Relating to Chemical-Resistant Nonme-
tallic Materials
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the absorp-
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
tion of chemical-resistant mortars, grouts, monolithic
ASTM Test Methods
surfacings, and polymer concretes. These materials may be
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
based on resin, silicate, silica, or sulfur binders.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.2 Mold Method A is used for systems containing aggre-
gates less than 0.0625 in. (1.6 mm) in size. Mold Method B is
3. Terminology
used for systems containing aggregates from 0.0625 in. to 0.4
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
in. (1.6 mm to 10 mm) in size. Mold Method C is used for
method, see Terminology C904.
systems containing aggregates larger than 0.4 in.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
4. Significance and Use
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
4.1 The results obtained by this test method should serve as
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
a guide in, but not as the sole basis for, selection of a
and are not considered standard.
chemical-resistant material for a particular application. No
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
attempt has been made to incorporate in the test method all the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
various factors which may affect the performance of a material
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
when subjected to actual service.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4.2 This is not a test for permeability and the test results are
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
not to be interpreted as a measurement of, or indication of, the
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
permeability properties of the materials tested.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
5. Apparatus
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
5.1 Equipment, capable of weighing materials or specimens
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. and for determining specific gravity to 60.03 % accuracy.
5.2 Equipment for Mixing, consisting of a flat-bottom con-
2. Referenced Documents
tainer of suitable size, preferably corrosion-resistant, and a
2.1 ASTM Standards: trowel having a 4 in. to 5 in. (100 mm to 125 mm) blade, and
C470/C470M Specification for Molds for Forming Concrete a spatula or a rounded-end rod.
Test Cylinders Vertically
5.3 Container, a glass flask of suitable size to hold the
specimens and the water and connected reflux condenser.
5.4 Equipment for Heating, a hot plate or heating mantle.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
5.5 Specimen Molds:
Subcommittee D01.46 on Industrial Protective Coatings.
5.5.1 Mold Method A—These molds shall be right cylinders
Current edition approved June 1, 2023. Published June 2023. Originally
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1 in. 6 ⁄32 in. (25 mm 6 0.8 mm) in diameter by 1 in. 6 ⁄32
approved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as C413 – 18. DOI:
10.1520/C0413-18R23.
in. (25 mm 6 0.8 mm) high. The molds may be constructed in
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
any manner that will allow formation of a test specimen of the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
desired size. Typical molds may consist of a 1 in. thick flat
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. plastic sheet in which 1 in. diameter, smooth-sided holes have
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C413 − 18 (2023)
been cut, and to the bottom of which a ⁄4 in. (6 mm) thick flat 7.2 Preparation of Specimens:
plastic sheet (without matching holes), is attached by means of
7.2.1 Resin, Silicate, and Silica Materials—Mix a sufficient
screws or bolts. Alternatively, the molds may consist of
amount of the components in the proportions and in the manner
sections of round plastic tubing or pipe, 1 in. in inside diameter
specified by the manufacturer of the materials. Fill the molds
and 1 in. long, having sufficient wall thickness to be rigid and
one-half full. Remove any entrapped air by using a cutting and
retain dimensional stability during the molding operation, and
stabbing motion with a spatula or rounded-end rod. Fill the
a ⁄4 in. thick flat plastic sheet on which one open end of each
remainder of the mold, working down into the previously
section can be rested. With the latter style of mold, the tubing
placed portion. Upon completion of the filling operation, the
segment may be sealed with a material such as caulking
tops of the specimens should extend slightly above the tops of
compound or stopcock grease. For most types of specimens it
the molds. When the molds have been filled, strike off the
is satisfactory to simply seal one end of the tubing segment
excess material, even with the top of the mold. Permit the
with strips of 2 in. wide masking tape.
material to remain in the mold until it has set sufficiently to
allow removal without danger of deformation or breakage.
NOTE 1—For use with sulfur materials, an additional piece of flat plastic
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sheet at least ⁄8 in. (3 mm) thick containing a ⁄4 in. (6 mm) hole and a
7.2.2 Silicate Materials—Some silicates may require cover-
section of plastic tubing 1 in. (25 mm) in diameter by 1 in. high are
ing during the curing period. After removal from the molds,
required. They are used to form a pouring gate and reservoir in the
acid-treat the specimens, if required, in accordance with the
preparation of sulfur material specimens.
recommendations given by the manufacturer. No other treat-
5.5.2 Mold Method B—Molds for the 2 in. (50 mm) cube
ment shall be permitted. Record the method of treatment in the
specimens shall be tight fitting and leakproof. The parts of the
report section under Conditioning Procedure.
molds, when assembled, shall be positively held together. The
7.2.3 Sulfur Materials:
molds shall be made of metal not attacked by the material. The
7.2.3.1 Sulfur Mortars—Slowly melt a minimum of 2 lb
sides of the molds shall be sufficiently rigid to prevent
(900 g) of the material in a suitable container at a temperature
spreading or warping. The interior faces of the molds shall be
manufactured to ensure plane surfaces with a permissible of 265 °F to 290 °F (130 °C to 145 °C) with constant agitation.
Stir to lift and blend the aggregate without beating air into the
variation of 0.002 in. (0.05 mm). The distances between
opposite faces shall be 2 in. 6 ⁄16 in. (50 mm 6 0.8 mm). The melt. Place the piece of plastic sheet containing the ⁄4 in. (6
height of the molds, measured separately for each cube mm) round hole over the open face of the mold with the hole
compartment, shall be 2 in. 6 ⁄16 in. The angle between centered on the face. On top of the piece of plastic sheet and
adjacent interior faces and top and bottom planes of the mold surrounding the hole, place a section of plastic tubing or pipe
shall be 90 6 0.5° measured at points slightly removed from 1 in. (25 mm) in diameter by 1 in. (25 mm) high. Pour the
the intersection of the faces. melted material through the hole into the mold and continue to
5.5.3 Mold Method C—Molds shall be right cylinders made pour until the section of tubing or pipe is completely filled. The
of heavy gauge metal or other nonabsorbent material. The excess material contained in the hole in the plastic sheet acts as
cylinder diameter shall be at least four times the nominal
a reservoir to compensate for shrinkage of the material during
maximum aggregate size in the mix. The minimum cylinder cooling.
diameter shall be 2 in. (50 mm). The cylinder height shall be
7.2.3.2 Allow the specimen to remain in the mold until it
two times the diameter. The plane of the rim of the mold shall
has completely solidified. Upon removal, file, grind, or sand
be at right angles to the axis within 0.5°. The mold shall be at
the surface flush, removing the excess material remaining at
right angles to the axis within 0.5°. The mold shall not vary
the pouring gate.
from the prescribed diameter by more than ⁄16 in. (1.5 mm) nor
7.2.3.3 Sulfur Concrete—Heat and mix a sufficient amount
from the prescribed height by more than ⁄8 in. (3 mm). Molds
of aggregate components and sulfur cement in the proportions
shall be provided with a flat base plate with a means for
and in the manner specified by the manufacturer to a tempera-
securing it to the mold at a right angle to the axis of the
ture of 265 °F to 290 °F (130 °C to 145 °C). Fill the molds
cylinder in the instance of reusable metal molds. Single-use
one-half full. Rod 25 times using a rounded ⁄8 in. (15 mm)
molds sh
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