ASTM F3634-23

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F3634 − 23
Standard Guide for
Preparing Weathered Samples of Oil Using a Rotary
Evaporator
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3634; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ments on Weathered Fractions of Oil
1.1 This guide summarizes methods to produce representa-
3. Summary of Guide
tive residual oil following evaporative weathering using a
rotary evaporator.
3.1 Oil is evaporatively weathered to at least three stages
1.1.1 The results of this guide can provide weathered oil
with the first stage being fresh oil, the second being
samples for further study and characterization.
intermediate, and the final stage being extensive. Extensive
weathering is reasonably maximum weathering, for example,
1.2 This guide covers general procedures for artificial
ten days equivalent or with little change in properties occurring
weathering of oil by using rotary evaporation devices and does
in the final substages of weathering. For this guide, accelerated
not cover all possible procedures that may be applicable to this
weathering is applied for 48 h.
topic.
3.1.1 An exception is some residual fuel oils that have
1.3 The accuracy of this guide depends very much on the
limited volatile content and do not have evaporative mass loss
representative nature of the oil sample used. Certain oils can
greater than 5 % over the 48 h period of the procedure. For
have different properties depending on their chemical contents
these products, an intermediate weathered sample may not be
at the time a sample is taken.
informative.
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
3.2 Subsamples of the oil are taken at each weathering stage
as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in
and further analysis can be performed on the samples.
this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Significance and Use
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 A standard procedure is necessary to prepare samples of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
oils or petroleum products at different oil weathering stages
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
with compositional distribution that is representative of weath-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ered spilled oil.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4.2 This procedure uses standardized equipment and test
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
procedures.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4.3 This procedure should be performed at the stages of
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
weathering corresponding to the spill conditions of interest.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents 5. Interferences and Sources of Error
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1 Large proportions of inorganic substances in the oil
F3337 Guide for Taking Property and Behavior Measure-
sample, such as water and sediment that are produced with the
oil at source, can distort the evaporation profile of the bulk
hydrocarbons. Water and sediment are typically removed
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous
during crude petroleum processing; however, if the oil sample
Substances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
is sourced upstream of this step, then it is necessary to decant
F20.16 on Surveillance and Tracking.
the water before weathering to obtain an accurate value for
Current edition approved March 1, 2023. Published March 2023. DOI: 10.1520/
F3634-23.
hydrocarbon mass loss. The mass percentage of sediment shall
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
then be determined separately to adjust the initial mass of
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
hydrocarbon to enable the correct percentage mass loss for the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. sample to be determined.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F3634 − 23
5.2 Interferences can be caused by contaminants, particu- 7.2.1 Rotary Evaporator—A 10 L rotary evaporator is typi-
larly residual oil or surfactants on labware, and other sample- cally used (rotary evaporator with a 10 L flask, an integral
handling supplies and apparatus that lead to nonrepresentative water bath, a circulating bath, and a vacuum pump).
oil samples. All glassware shall be thoroughly cleaned. The 7.2.2 Balance—A balance capable of measuring up to 20 kg
cleaning process includes rinsing with dichloromethane to with an accuracy of 60.1 g is required.
remove the oil, followed by rinsing three times, once each with 7.2.3 Collar—A collar to hold the round rotary evaporator
tap water, purified water, and acetone. Once cleaned, precau- vessel is required when not mounted on the rotary evaporator
tions shall be taken to minimize contact of the labware with such as during weight measurements.
contaminants to prevent interferences.
7.3 Rotary Evaporator Weathering
5.3 Temperature is a factor in the evaporation rate, so it is 7.3.1 Temperature Adjustment—The water bath on the ro-
important that the oil is below 80 °C or the selected test tary evaporator is brought to a temperature of 80 °C.
temperature before starting the air flow to begin evaporation. 7.3.2 Weighing and Filling—The empty rotary flask is
weighed, approximately 2 L of oil is added, and the flask is
5.4 The handling of the samples is important. Contaminants
reweighed.
that are introduced onto the vessel or handling equipment will
7.3.
...