ASTM C1322-05b

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Designation: C 1322 – 05b
Standard Practice for
Fractography and Characterization of Fracture Origins in
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Advanced Ceramics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1322; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C 242 Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related
Products
1.1 The objective of this practice is to provide an efficient
C 1036 Specification for Flat Glass
and consistent methodology to locate and characterize fracture
C 1145 Terminology of Advanced Ceramics
origins in advanced ceramics. It is applicable to advanced
C 1161 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Advanced
ceramics which are brittle; that is, the material adheres to
Ceramics at Ambient Temperature
Hooke’s Law up to fracture. In such materials, fracture
C 1211 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Advanced
commences from a single location which is termed the fracture
Ceramics at Elevated Temperatures
origin.The fracture origin in brittle ceramics normally consists
C 1239 Practice for Reporting Uniaxial Strength Data and
of some irregularity or singularity in the material which acts as
Estimating Weibull Distribution Parameters for Advanced
a stress concentrator. In the parlance of the engineer or
Ceramics
scientist, these irregularities are termed flaws or defects. The
F 109 Terminology Relating to Surface Imperfections on
latter should not be construed to mean that the material has
Ceramics
been prepared improperly or is somehow faulty.
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2.2 Military Standard:
1.2 Although this practice is primarily intended for labora-
Military Handbook 790, Fractography and Characterization
tory test piece analysis, the general concepts and procedures
of Fracture Origins in Advanced Structural Ceramics,
may be applied to component failure analyses as well. In many
1992
cases, component failure analysis may be aided by cutting
laboratory test pieces out of the component. Information
3. Terminology
gleaned from testing the laboratory pieces (for example, flaw
3.1 General—The following terms are given as a basis for
types, general fracture features, fracture mirror constants) may
identifying fracture origins that are common to advanced
then aid interpretation of component fractures. For more
2 ceramics. It should be recognized that origins can manifest
information on component fracture analysis, see Ref (1).
themselves differently in various materials.The photographs in
1.3 This practice supersedes Military Handbook 790.
Appendix X1 show examples of the origins defined in3.11 and
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.20. Terms that are contained in other ASTM standards are
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
noted at the end of the each definition.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2 advanced ceramic, n—a highly engineered, high-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
performance, predominately nonmetallic, inorganic, ceramic
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
material having specific functional attributes. C1145
2. Referenced Documents 3.3 brittle fracture, n—fracturethattakesplacewithlittleor
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no preceding plastic deformation.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.4 flaw, n—structural discontinuity in an advanced ceramic
C 162 Terminology of Glass and Glass Products
body that acts as a highly localized stress raiser.
NOTE 1—The presence of such discontinuities does not necessarily
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This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C28 on Advanced
imply that the ceramic has been prepared improperly or is faulty.
Ceramics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C28.01 on Mechanical
Properties and Performance.
3.5 fractography, n—means and methods for characterizing
CurrenteditionapprovedJuly1,2005.PublishedJuly2005.Originallyapproved
a fractured specimen or component. C1145
in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C 1322 – 05a.
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of
this standard.
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
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Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Army Research Laboratory-Materials Directorate, Aberdeen
the ASTM website. Proving Ground, MD 21005.
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C 1322 – 05b
3.6 fracture mirror, n—as used in fractography o
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