ASTM E2558-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining Particulate Matter Emissions from Fires in Low Mass Wood-Burning Fireplaces
Standard Test Method for Determining Particulate Matter Emissions from Fires in Low Mass Wood-Burning Fireplaces
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used for determining emission factors and emission rates for low mass wood-burning fireplaces.
The emission factor is useful for determining emission performance during product development.
The emission factor is useful for the air quality regulatory community for determining compliance with emission performance limits.
The emission rate may be useful for the air quality regulatory community for determining impacts on air quality from fireplaces, but must be used with caution as use patterns must be factored into any prediction of atmospheric particulate matter impacts from fireplaces based on results from this method.
The reporting units are grams of particulate per kilogram of dry fuel and grams of particulate per hour.
Appropriate reporting units for comparing emissions from non-heating appliances: g/kg.
Appropriate reporting units for predicting atmospheric emission impacts only if hours of fireplace use are factored in: g/h.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the fueling and operating protocol for determining particulate matter emissions from wood fires in low mass wood-burning fireplaces.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: E2558 − 09
StandardTest Method for
Determining Particulate Matter Emissions from Fires in Low
1
Mass Wood-Burning Fireplaces
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2558; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2.4 first fuel crib, n—the first fuel load (including fuel
pieces and spacers to create air spaces) placed on the residual
1.1 This test method covers the fueling and operating
fuel from the kindling brands. The specific configuration is
protocol for determining particulate matter emissions from
described in 9.3.5.3.
wood fires in low mass wood-burning fireplaces.
3.2.5 fuel piece, n—2×4or4×4 wood pieces used to
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
construct fuel cribs and referring to the nominal width and
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
depthdimensionsforcommonlyavailabledimensionallumber.
conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-
1 1
The actual dimensions are 38 × 89mm (1 ⁄2 ×3 ⁄2 in.) and
tion only and are not considered standard.
1 1
89×89mm(3 ⁄2 ×3 ⁄2 in.).
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.6 grate, n—any device included with the fireplace or
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
specified by the fireplace manufacturer for the purpose of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
elevatingthefuelloadabovethehearthorforconstrainingfuel
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
pieces from falling outside the intended burning area, or both.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
This includes basket grates and andirons.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.7 hearth, n—the footprint of the fireplace firebox.
2
3.2.8 kindling brands, n—the initial fuel load or loads
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E631Terminology of Building Constructions placedabovecrumplednewspapertoinitiatecombustioninthe
fireplace and to establish a charcoal bed that will become the
E2515Test Method for Determination of Particulate Matter
Emissions Collected by a Dilution Tunnel ignition source for subsequent fuel loads. These are comprised
offuelstripsseparatedbyairspaces.Thespecificconfiguration
3. Terminology
is described in 9.3.4.
3.1 Definitions—Terms used in this test method are defined
3.2.9 low mass fireplace, n—any fireplace and attached
in Terminology E631.
chimney that can be weighed (including the weight of the test
fuel) on a platform scale that meets the requirements as
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
specified in 7.3 and 8.2.
3.2.1 base of fireplace, n—the lowest part of the fireplace
assembly that would normally be in contact with the floor of
3.2.10 nominal fuel length, n—the Nominal Fuel Length
the dwelling or structure in which it is installed.
(NFL) is one of five incremental nominal fuel piece lengths
that simulates real-world firewood five piece lengths. These
3.2.2 Douglas fir, n—untreated, standard, or better grade
lengthsare406mm(16in.),457mm(18in.),508mm(20in.),
Douglasfirlumberwithagencygradestamp:D.FirorDouglas
559mm (22 in.), and 610mm (24 in.). The NFL is used for
Fir.
both the kindling brands and fuel cribs.
3.2.3 firebox, n—the volume within the fireplace where logs
3.2.11 particulate matter (PM), n—all gas-borne matter
are burned.
resultingfromcombustionofsolidfuel,asspecifiedinthistest
method, which is collected in accordance with Test Method
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on
E2515.
Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.54
on Solid Fuel Burning Appliances.
3.2.12 second fuel crib, n—the second fuel load (including
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2009. Published April 2010. Originally
fuel pieces and spacers to create air spaces) placed on the
approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E2558–08. DOI:
residual fuel from the first fuel crib. The specific configuration
10.1520/E2558-09.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
is described in 9.3.5.2.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3.2.13 spacers, n—wood pieces used to hold individual fuel
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. pieces together when constructing the three fuel cribs. Their
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2558 − 09
function is to provide reproducible fuel crib geometry and air particulate e
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E2558–08
Standard Test Method for Designation:E2558–09
Standard Test Method for
Determining Particulate Matter Emissions from Fires in Low
1
Mass Wood-Burning Fireplaces
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2558; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the fueling and operating protocol for determining particulate matter emissions from wood fires in
low mass wood-burning fireplaces.
1.2The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions
to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
E2515 Test Method for Determination of Particulate Matter Emissions Collected by a Dilution Tunnel
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Terms used in this test method are defined in Terminology E631.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 base of fireplace, n—the lowest part of the fireplace assembly that would normally be in contact with the floor of the
dwelling or structure in which it is installed.
3.2.2 Douglas fir, n—untreated, standard, or better grade Douglas fir lumber with agency grade stamp: D. Fir or Douglas Fir.
3.2.2
3.2.3 firebox, n—the volume within the fireplace where logs are burned.
3.2.3
3.2.4 first fuel crib, n—the first fuel load (including fuel pieces and spacers to create air spaces) placed on the residual fuel from
the kindling brands. The specific configuration is described in 9.3.4.49.3.5.3.
3.2.4
3.2.5 fuel piece, n—2 34or4 3 4 wood pieces used to construct fuel cribs and referring to the nominal width and depth
1 1
dimensionsforcommonlyavailabledimensionallumber.Theactualdimensionsare38 389 mm(1 ⁄2 3 3 ⁄2in.)and89 3 89 mm
1 1
(3 ⁄2 3 3 ⁄2 in.).
3.2.53.2.6 grate, n—any device included with the fireplace or specified by the fireplace manufacturer for the purpose of
elevating the fuel load above the hearth or for constraining fuel pieces from falling outside the intended burning area, or both.This
includes basket grates and andirons.
3.2.6
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.54 on Solid Fuel
Burning Appliances.
´1
Current edition approved April 1, 2008. Published May 2008. Originally approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as E2558–07 . DOI:
10.1520/E2558-08.
CurrenteditionapprovedNov.1,2009.PublishedApril2010.Originallyapprovedin2007.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2008asE2558 – 08.DOI:10.1520/E2558-09.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2558–09
3.2.7 hearth, n—the footprint of the fireplace firebox.
3.2.7
3.2.8 kindling brands, n—the initial fuel load or loads placed above crumpled newspaper to initiate combustion in the fireplace
and to establish a charcoal bed that will become the ignition source for subsequent fuel loads. These are comprised of fuel strips
separated by air spaces. The specific configuration is described in 9.3.4.
3.2.8
3.2.9 low mass fireplace, n—any fireplace and attached chimney that can be weighed (including the weight of the test fuel) on
a platform scale that meets the requirements as specified in 7.3 and 8.2.
3.2.9
3.2.10 nominal fuel length, n—the Nominal Fuel Length (NFL) is one of five incremental nominal fuel piece lengths that
simulates real-world firewood five piece lengths. These lengths are 406 mm (16 in.), 457 mm (18 in.),
...
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